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Liles JP, Rouget-Virbel C, Wahlman JLH, Rahimoff R, Crawford JM, Medlin A, O’Connor V, Li J, Roytman VA, Toste FD, Sigman MS. Data Science Enables the Development of a New Class of Chiral Phosphoric Acid Catalysts. Chem 2023; 9:1518-1537. [PMID: 37519827 PMCID: PMC10373836 DOI: 10.1016/j.chempr.2023.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
The widespread success of BINOL-chiral phosphoric acids (CPAs) has led to the development of several high molecular weight, sterically encumbered variants. Herein, we disclose an alternative, minimalistic chiral phosphoric acid backbone incorporating only a single instance of point chirality. Data science techniques were used to select a diverse training set of catalysts, which were benchmarked against the transfer hydrogenation of an 8-aminoquinoline. Using a univariate classification algorithm and multivariate linear regression, key catalyst features necessary for high levels of selectivity were deconvoluted, revealing a simple catalyst model capable of predicting selectivity for out-of-set catalysts. This workflow enabled extrapolation to a catalyst providing higher selectivity than both reported peptide-type and BINOL-type catalysts (up to 95:5 er). These techniques were then successfully applied towards two additional transforms. Taken together, these examples illustrate the power of combining rational design with data science (ab initio) to efficiently explore reactivity during catalyst development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan P. Liles
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 S 1400 E, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | | | - Julie L. H. Wahlman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 S 1400 E, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Rene Rahimoff
- College of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Jennifer M. Crawford
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 S 1400 E, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Abby Medlin
- College of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Veronica O’Connor
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 S 1400 E, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Junqi Li
- College of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Vladislav A. Roytman
- College of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - F. Dean Toste
- College of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Matthew S. Sigman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 S 1400 E, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
- Lead contact
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Abstract
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Herein, we report a reaction that
selectively generates 3-arylpyridine
and quinoline motifs by inserting aryl carbynyl cation equivalents
into pyrrole and indole cores, respectively. By employing α-chlorodiazirines
as thermal precursors to the corresponding chlorocarbenes, the traditional
haloform-based protocol central to the parent Ciamician-Dennstedt
rearrangement can be modified to directly afford 3-(hetero)arylpyridines
and quinolines. Chlorodiazirines are conveniently prepared in a single
step by oxidation of commercially available amidinium salts. Selectivity
as a function of pyrrole substitution pattern was examined, and a
predictive model based on steric effects is put forward, with DFT
calculations supporting a selectivity-determining cyclopropanation
step. Computations surprisingly indicate that the stereochemistry
of cyclopropanation is of little consequence to the subsequent electrocyclic
ring opening that forges the pyridine core, due to a compensatory
homoaromatic stabilization that counterbalances orbital-controlled
torquoselectivity effects. The utility of this skeletal transform
is further demonstrated through the preparation of quinolinophanes
and the skeletal editing of pharmaceutically relevant pyrroles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balu D Dherange
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Patrick Q Kelly
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Jordan P Liles
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Matthew S Sigman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Mark D Levin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
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