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Crewe C, Funcke JB, Li S, Joffin N, Gliniak CM, Ghaben AL, An YA, Sadek HA, Gordillo R, Akgul Y, Chen S, Samovski D, Fischer-Posovszky P, Kusminski CM, Klein S, Scherer PE. Extracellular vesicle-based interorgan transport of mitochondria from energetically stressed adipocytes. Cell Metab 2021; 33:1853-1868.e11. [PMID: 34418352 PMCID: PMC8429176 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2021.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Adipocytes undergo intense energetic stress in obesity resulting in loss of mitochondrial mass and function. We have found that adipocytes respond to mitochondrial stress by rapidly and robustly releasing small extracellular vesicles (sEVs). These sEVs contain respiration-competent, but oxidatively damaged mitochondrial particles, which enter circulation and are taken up by cardiomyocytes, where they trigger a burst of ROS. The result is compensatory antioxidant signaling in the heart that protects cardiomyocytes from acute oxidative stress, consistent with a preconditioning paradigm. As such, a single injection of sEVs from energetically stressed adipocytes limits cardiac ischemia/reperfusion injury in mice. This study provides the first description of functional mitochondrial transfer between tissues and the first vertebrate example of "inter-organ mitohormesis." Thus, these seemingly toxic adipocyte sEVs may provide a physiological avenue of potent cardio-protection against the inevitable lipotoxic or ischemic stresses elicited by obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clair Crewe
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Jan-Bernd Funcke
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Shujuan Li
- Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Department of Pediatric Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Nolwenn Joffin
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Christy M Gliniak
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Alexandra L Ghaben
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Yu A An
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Hesham A Sadek
- Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Ruth Gordillo
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Yucel Akgul
- Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Shiuhwei Chen
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Dmitri Samovski
- Center for Human Nutrition and the Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Pamela Fischer-Posovszky
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Ulm University Medical Center, 89075 Ulm, Germany
| | - Christine M Kusminski
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Samuel Klein
- Center for Human Nutrition and the Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Philipp E Scherer
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
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Liu C, Zhou J, Wang B, Zheng Y, Liu S, Yang W, Li D, He S, Lin J. Bortezomib alleviates myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury via enhancing of Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 556:207-214. [PMID: 33848935 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.03.154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Bortezomib is a classical proteasome inhibitor and previous researches have reported its roles of anti-oxidation and anti-inflammatory functions in various diseases. However, the role of Bortezomib in myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury (MIRI) is unclear. Thus, our research seeks to reveal the protective effects of Bortezomib pretreatment in the mice model of MIRI. First, by the optimization of Bortezomib concentration and pretreatment timepoints, we found that 0.5 mg/kg Bortezomib pretreatment 2 h before MIRI significantly attenuated pathological damage and neutrophil infiltration. Then we found that pretreatment with Bortezomib obviously increased myocardial systolic function ((left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and left ventricular fractional shortening (LVFS)) and decreased infarct size, as well as serum Troponin T levels. Meanwhile, Bortezomib pretreatment also remarkably augmented oxidative stress related protein levels of Superoxide dismutase [Cu-Zn] (SOD1), Catalase (CAT) and Glutathione (GSH), while reactive oxygen species (ROS) contents and Malonaldehyde (MDA) protein level were significantly reduced. Mechanistically, Bortezomib pretreatment significantly promoted nuclear translocation of transcriptional factor nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2(Nrf2) and Heme Oxygenase 1(HO-1) expression. Interestingly, co-treatment with ML-385, a new type and selective Nrf2 inhibitor, counteracted antioxidative effects induced by Bortezomib pretreatment. In conclusion, Bortezomib pretreatment mitigates MIRI by inhibiting oxidative damage which is regulated by Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengxing Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jin Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Boyuan Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuqi Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shangwei Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenling Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Dazhu Li
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shaolin He
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Jibin Lin
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
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3
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Temporal dynamics of immune response following prolonged myocardial ischemia/reperfusion with and without cyclosporine A. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2019; 40:1168-1183. [PMID: 30858476 PMCID: PMC6786364 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-018-0197-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the dynamics of the immune response following late myocardial reperfusion is critical for the development of immunomodulatory therapy for myocardial infarction (MI). Cyclosporine A (CSA) possesses multiple therapeutic applications for MI, but its effects on the inflammation caused by acute MI are not clear. This study aimed to determine the dynamics of the immune response following myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) and the effects of CSA in a mouse model of prolonged myocardial ischemia designated to represent the human condition of late reperfusion. Adult C57BL/6 mice were subjected to 90 min of closed-chest myocardial I/R, which induced severe myocardial injury and excessive inflammation in the heart. Multicomponent analysis of the immune response caused by prolonged I/R revealed that the peak of cytokines/chemokines in the systemic circulation was synchronized with the maximal influx of neutrophils and T-cells in the heart 1 day after MI. The peak of cytokine/chemokine secretion in the infarcted heart coincided with the maximal macrophage and natural killer cell infiltration on day 3 after MI. The cellular composition of the mediastinal lymph nodes changed similarly to that of the infarcted hearts. CSA (10 mg/kg/day) given after prolonged I/R impaired heart function, enlarged the resulting scar, and reduced heart vascularization. It did not change the content of immune cells in hearts exposed to prolonged I/R, but the levels of MCP-1 and MIP-1α (hearts) and IL-12 (hearts and serum) were significantly reduced in the CSA-treated group in comparison to the untreated group, indicating alterations in immune cell function. Our findings provide new knowledge necessary for the development of immunomodulatory therapy targeting the immune response after prolonged myocardial ischemia/reperfusion.
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4
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Nishi M, Ogata T, Cannistraci CV, Ciucci S, Nakanishi N, Higuchi Y, Sakamoto A, Tsuji Y, Mizushima K, Matoba S. Systems Network Genomic Analysis Reveals Cardioprotective Effect of MURC/Cavin-4 Deletion Against Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury. J Am Heart Assoc 2019; 8:e012047. [PMID: 31364493 PMCID: PMC6761664 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.119.012047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Background Ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is a critical issue in the development of treatment strategies for ischemic heart disease. MURC (muscle‐restricted coiled‐coil protein)/Cavin‐4 (caveolae‐associated protein 4), which is a component of caveolae, is involved in the pathophysiology of dilated cardiomyopathy and cardiac hypertrophy. However, the role of MURC in cardiac I/R injury remains unknown. Methods and Results The systems network genomic analysis based on PC‐corr network inference on microarray data between wild‐type and MURC knockout mouse hearts predicted a network of discriminating genes associated with reactive oxygen species. To demonstrate the prediction, we analyzed I/R‐injured mouse hearts. MURC deletion decreased infarct size and preserved heart contraction with reactive oxygen species–related molecule EGR1 (early growth response protein 1) and DDIT4 (DNA‐damage‐inducible transcript 4) suppression in I/R‐injured hearts. Because PC‐corr network inference integrated with a protein–protein interaction network prediction also showed that MURC is involved in the apoptotic pathway, we confirmed the upregulation of STAT3 (signal transducer and activator of transcription 3) and BCL2 (B‐cell lymphoma 2) and the inactivation of caspase 3 in I/R‐injured hearts of MURC knockout mice compared with those of wild‐type mice. STAT3 inhibitor canceled the cardioprotective effect of MURC deletion in I/R‐injured hearts. In cardiomyocytes exposed to hydrogen peroxide, MURC overexpression promoted apoptosis and MURC knockdown inhibited apoptosis. STAT3 inhibitor canceled the antiapoptotic effect of MURC knockdown in cardiomyocytes. Conclusions Our findings, obtained by prediction from systems network genomic analysis followed by experimental validation, suggested that MURC modulates cardiac I/R injury through the regulation of reactive oxygen species–induced cell death and STAT3‐meditated antiapoptosis. Functional inhibition of MURC may be effective in reducing cardiac I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Nishi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine Graduate School of Medical Science Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine Kyoto Japan
| | - Takehiro Ogata
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine Graduate School of Medical Science Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine Kyoto Japan.,Department of Pathology and Cell Regulation Graduate School of Medical Science Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine Kyoto Japan
| | - Carlo Vittorio Cannistraci
- Biomedical Cybernetics Group, Biotechnology Center (BIOTEC) Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering (CMCB) Center for Systems Biology Dresden Department of Physics Technische Universität Dresden Dresden Germany.,Tsinghua Laboratory of Brain and Intelligence Tsinghua University Beijing China
| | - Sara Ciucci
- Biomedical Cybernetics Group, Biotechnology Center (BIOTEC) Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering (CMCB) Center for Systems Biology Dresden Department of Physics Technische Universität Dresden Dresden Germany
| | - Naohiko Nakanishi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine Graduate School of Medical Science Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine Kyoto Japan
| | - Yusuke Higuchi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine Graduate School of Medical Science Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine Kyoto Japan
| | - Akira Sakamoto
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine Graduate School of Medical Science Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine Kyoto Japan
| | - Yumika Tsuji
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine Graduate School of Medical Science Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine Kyoto Japan
| | - Katsura Mizushima
- Department of Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology Graduate School of Medical Science Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine Kyoto Japan
| | - Satoaki Matoba
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine Graduate School of Medical Science Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine Kyoto Japan
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Sun Q, Wang K, Pan M, Zhou J, Qiu X, Wang Z, Yang Z, Chen Y, Shen H, Gu Q, Fang L, Zhang G, Bai Y. A minimally invasive approach to induce myocardial infarction in mice without thoracotomy. J Cell Mol Med 2018; 22:5208-5219. [PMID: 30589494 PMCID: PMC6201221 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute myocardial infarction (MI) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the world. Traditional method to induce MI by left coronary artery (LCA) ligation is typically performed by an invasive approach that requires ventilation and thoracotomy, causing serious injuries in animals undergoing this surgery. We attempted to develop a minimally invasive method (MIM) to induce MI in mice. Under the guide of ultrasound, LCA ligation was performed in mice without ventilation and chest-opening. Compared to sham mice, MIM induced MI in mice as determined by triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining and Masson staining. Mice with MIM surgery revealed the reductions of LVEF, LVFS, E/A and ascending aorta (AAO) blood flow, and the elevations of S-T segment and serum cTn-I levels at 24 post-operative hours. The effects of MI induced by MIM were comparable to the effects of MI produced by traditional method in mice. Importantly, MIM increased the survival rates and caused less inflammation after the surgery of LCA ligation, compared to the surgery of traditional method. Further, MIM induced angiogenesis and apoptosis in ischaemic hearts from mice at postoperative 28 days as similarly as traditional method did. Finally, the MIM model was able to develop into the myocardial ischaemia/reperfusion model by using a balloon catheter with minor modifications. The MI model is able to be efficiently induced by a minimally invasive approach in mice without ventilation and chest-opening. This new model is potentially to be used in studying ischaemia-related heart diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Sun
- Department of Cardiovascular MedicineXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Kang‐Kai Wang
- Department of PathophysiologyXiangya School of MedicineCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Miao Pan
- Department of Cardiovascular MedicineXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Ji‐Peng Zhou
- Department of Cardiovascular MedicineXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Xue‐Ting Qiu
- Department of Geriatric MedicineXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Zhen‐Yu Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular MedicineXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Zhen Yang
- Department of Hypertension and Vascular Diseasethe First Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Yan Chen
- Department of HematologyXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Hong Shen
- Institute of Medical SciencesXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Qi‐Lin Gu
- Department of Cardiovascular SciencesHouston Methodist Research InstituteHoustonTXUSA
| | - Long‐Hou Fang
- Department of Cardiovascular SciencesHouston Methodist Research InstituteHoustonTXUSA
| | - Guo‐Gang Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular MedicineXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Yong‐Ping Bai
- Department of PathophysiologyXiangya School of MedicineCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
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6
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Hilbert T, Markowski P, Frede S, Boehm O, Knuefermann P, Baumgarten G, Hoeft A, Klaschik S. Synthetic CpG oligonucleotides induce a genetic profile ameliorating murine myocardial I/R injury. J Cell Mol Med 2018; 22:3397-3407. [PMID: 29671939 PMCID: PMC6010716 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously demonstrated that pre‐conditioning with CpG oligonucleotide (ODN) 1668 induces quick up‐regulation of gene expression 3 hours post‐murine myocardial ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury, terminating inflammatory processes that sustain I/R injury. Now, performing comprehensive microarray and biocomputational analyses, we sought to further enlighten the “black box” beyond these first 3 hours. C57BL/6 mice were pretreated with either CpG 1668 or with control ODN 1612, respectively. Sixteen hours later, myocardial ischaemia was induced for 1 hour in a closed‐chest model, followed by reperfusion for 24 hours. RNA was extracted from hearts, and labelled cDNA was hybridized to gene microarrays. Data analysis was performed with BRB ArrayTools and Ingenuity Pathway Analysis. Functional groups mediating restoration of cellular integrity were among the top up‐regulated categories. Genes known to influence cardiomyocyte survival were strongly induced 24 hours post‐I/R. In contrast, proinflammatory pathways were down‐regulated. Interleukin‐10, an upstream regulator, suppressed specifically selected proinflammatory target genes at 24 hours compared to 3 hours post‐I/R. The IL1 complex is supposed to be one regulator of a network increasing cardiovascular angiogenesis. The up‐regulation of numerous protective pathways and the suppression of proinflammatory activity are supposed to be the genetic correlate of the cardioprotective effects of CpG 1668 pre‐conditioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Hilbert
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Paul Markowski
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Stilla Frede
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Olaf Boehm
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Pascal Knuefermann
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Gemeinschaftskrankenhaus Bonn St. Elisabeth - St. Petrus - St. Johannes gGmbH, Bonn, Germany
| | - Georg Baumgarten
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Johanniter Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Andreas Hoeft
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Sven Klaschik
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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7
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Eichhorn L, Weisheit CK, Gestrich C, Peukert K, Duerr GD, Ayub MA, Erdfelder F, Stöckigt F. A Closed-chest Model to Induce Transverse Aortic Constriction in Mice. J Vis Exp 2018. [PMID: 29683463 DOI: 10.3791/57397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Research on cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure is frequently based on pressure overload mouse models induced by TAC. The standard procedure is to perform a partial thoracotomy to visualize the transverse aortic arch. However, the surgical trauma caused by the thoracotomy in open-chest models changes the respiratory physiology as the ribs are dissected and left unattached after chest closure. To prevent this, we established a minimally invasive, closed chest approach via lateral thoracotomy. Herein we approach the aortic arch via the 2nd intercostal space without entering the chest cavities, leaving the mouse with a less traumatic injury to recover from. We perform this operation using standard laboratory settings for open chest TAC procedures with equal survival rates. Apart from maintaining physiological breathing patterns due to the closed chest approach, the mice seem to benefit by showing rapid recovery, as the less invasive technique appears to facilitate a fast healing process and to reduce immune response after trauma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Eichhorn
- Department of Anaesthesiology, University Hospital Bonn;
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Effects of trimetazidine on mitochondrial respiratory function, biosynthesis, and fission/fusion in rats with acute myocardial ischemia. Anatol J Cardiol 2017; 18:175-181. [PMID: 28761019 PMCID: PMC5689048 DOI: 10.14744/anatoljcardiol.2017.7771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Myocardial ischemia affects mitochondrial functions, leading to ionic imbalance and susceptibility to ventricular fibrillation. Trimetazidine, a metabolic agent, is clinically used in anti-anginal therapy. METHODS In this study, the rats were orally treated by gavage with trimetazidine 10 mg/kg/d for 7 days, and the effects of trimetazidine on mitochondrial respiratory function, biosynthesis, and fission/fusion in rats with acute myocardial ischemia were evaluated. RESULTS It has been suggested that acute myocardial ischemia leads to a damage to mitochondrial functions. However, compared with ischemia group without trimetazidine administration, a significant reduction in the infarct size was observed in trimetazidine-treated ischemia group (31.24±3.02% vs. 52.87±4.89%). Trimetazidine preserved the mitochondrial structure and improved respiratory control ratio and complex I activity. Furthermore, trimetazidine improved mitochondrial biosynthesis and fission/fusion, as demonstrated by the promotion of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) co-activator 1α (PGC-1α), mitofusins 1 (Mfn1), dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1), and optic atrophy 1 (Opa1) expressions in rats with acute myocardial ischemia. CONCLUSION Taken together, it was suggested that in this rat model of myocardial ischemia, trimetazidine demonstrated cardioprotective effects attributing to the preservation of mitochondrial respiratory function, biosynthesis, and fission/fusion and, thus, could be considered as an agent for cardioprotection.
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9
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Relevance of mouse models of cardiac fibrosis and hypertrophy in cardiac research. Mol Cell Biochem 2016; 424:123-145. [PMID: 27766529 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-016-2849-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Heart disease causing cardiac cell death due to ischemia-reperfusion injury is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the United States. Coronary heart disease and cardiomyopathies are the major cause for congestive heart failure, and thrombosis of the coronary arteries is the most common cause of myocardial infarction. Cardiac injury is followed by post-injury cardiac remodeling or fibrosis. Cardiac fibrosis is characterized by net accumulation of extracellular matrix proteins in the cardiac interstitium and results in both systolic and diastolic dysfunctions. It has been suggested by both experimental and clinical evidence that fibrotic changes in the heart are reversible. Hence, it is vital to understand the mechanism involved in the initiation, progression, and resolution of cardiac fibrosis to design anti-fibrotic treatment modalities. Animal models are of great importance for cardiovascular research studies. With the developing research field, the choice of selecting an animal model for the proposed research study is crucial for its outcome and translational purpose. Compared to large animal models for cardiac research, the mouse model is preferred by many investigators because of genetic manipulations and easier handling. This critical review is focused to provide insight to young researchers about the various mouse models, advantages and disadvantages, and their use in research pertaining to cardiac fibrosis and hypertrophy.
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10
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Altamirano F, Wang ZV, Hill JA. Cardioprotection in ischaemia-reperfusion injury: novel mechanisms and clinical translation. J Physiol 2015; 593:3773-88. [PMID: 26173176 PMCID: PMC4575567 DOI: 10.1113/jp270953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2015] [Accepted: 06/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent decades, robust successes have been achieved in conquering the acutely lethal manifestations of heart disease. Nevertheless, the prevalence of heart disease, especially heart failure, continues to rise. Among the precipitating aetiologies, ischaemic disease is a leading cause of heart failure. In the context of ischaemia, the myocardium is deprived of oxygen and nutrients, which elicits a cascade of events that provokes cell death. This ischaemic insult is typically coupled with reperfusion, either spontaneous or therapeutically imposed, wherein blood supply is restored to the previously ischaemic tissue. While this intervention limits ischaemic injury, it triggers a new cascade of events that is also harmful, viz. reperfusion injury. In recent years, novel insights have emerged regarding mechanisms of ischaemia-reperfusion injury, and some hold promise as targets of therapeutic relevance. Here, we review a select number of these pathways, focusing on recent discoveries and highlighting prospects for therapeutic manipulation for clinical benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Altamirano
- Department of Internal Medicine (Cardiology), University of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Zhao V Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine (Cardiology), University of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Joseph A Hill
- Department of Internal Medicine (Cardiology), University of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallas, TX, 75390, USA
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallas, TX, 75390, USA
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11
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Xu Z, Alloush J, Beck E, Weisleder N. A murine model of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury through ligation of the left anterior descending artery. J Vis Exp 2014. [PMID: 24747599 DOI: 10.3791/51329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute or chronic myocardial infarction (MI) are cardiovascular events resulting in high morbidity and mortality. Establishing the pathological mechanisms at work during MI and developing effective therapeutic approaches requires methodology to reproducibly simulate the clinical incidence and reflect the pathophysiological changes associated with MI. Here, we describe a surgical method to induce MI in mouse models that can be used for short-term ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury as well as permanent ligation. The major advantage of this method is to facilitate location of the left anterior descending artery (LAD) to allow for accurate ligation of this artery to induce ischemia in the left ventricle of the mouse heart. Accurate positioning of the ligature on the LAD increases reproducibility of infarct size and thus produces more reliable results. Greater precision in placement of the ligature will improve the standard surgical approaches to simulate MI in mice, thus reducing the number of experimental animals necessary for statistically relevant studies and improving our understanding of the mechanisms producing cardiac dysfunction following MI. This mouse model of MI is also useful for the preclinical testing of treatments targeting myocardial damage following MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaobin Xu
- Davis Heart & Lung Research Institute, Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University
| | - Jenna Alloush
- Davis Heart & Lung Research Institute, Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University
| | - Eric Beck
- Davis Heart & Lung Research Institute, Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University
| | - Noah Weisleder
- Davis Heart & Lung Research Institute, Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University;
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12
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Markowski P, Boehm O, Goelz L, Haesner AL, Ehrentraut H, Bauerfeld K, Tran N, Zacharowski K, Weisheit C, Langhoff P, Schwederski M, Hilbert T, Klaschik S, Hoeft A, Baumgarten G, Meyer R, Knuefermann P. Pre-conditioning with synthetic CpG-oligonucleotides attenuates myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury via IL-10 up-regulation. Basic Res Cardiol 2013; 108:376. [PMID: 23929312 PMCID: PMC3778842 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-013-0376-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2012] [Revised: 07/18/2013] [Accepted: 07/26/2013] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to investigate whether pre-conditioning with CpG-oligodeoxynucleotides (CpG-ODN) may change cardiac ischemia/reperfusion (I/R)-dependent inflammation and modulates infarct size and cardiac performance. WT and TLR9-deficient mice were pre-treated with 1668-, 1612- and H154-thioate or D-Gal as control. Priming with 1668-thioate significantly induced inflammatory mediators in the serum and a concomitant increase of immune cells in the blood and spleen of WT mice. Furthermore, it induced myocardial pattern recognition receptors and pro-inflammatory cytokines peaking 2 h after priming and a continuous increase of IL-10. 16 h after pre-conditioning, myocardial ischemia was induced for 1 h. Infarct size determined after 24 h of I/R was reduced by 75 % due to pre-conditioning with 1668-thioate but not in the other groups. During reperfusion, cytokine expression in 1668-thioate primed mice increased further with IL-10 exceeding the other mediators by far. These changes were observed neither in animals pre-treated with 1612- or H154-thioate nor in TLR9-deficient mice. The 1668-thioate-dependent increase of IL-10 was further supported by results of a micro-array analysis 3 h after begin of reperfusion. Block of IL-10 signaling increased I/R size and prevented influence of priming. In the group pre-treated with 1668-thioate, cardiac function was preserved 24 h, 14 days and 28 days after I/R, whereas animals without pre-conditioning exhibited impaired heart function 24 h and 14 days after I/R. The excessive 1668-thioate-dependent IL-10 up-regulation during pre-conditioning and after I/R seems to be the key factor for reducing infarct size and improving cardiac function. This is in agreement with the finding that IL-10 block prevents cardioprotection by pre-conditioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Markowski
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Straße 25, 53127, Bonn, Germany
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Dörner J, Struck R, Zimmer S, Peigney C, Duerr GD, Dewald O, Kim SC, Malan D, Bettinger T, Nickenig G, Ghanem A. Ultrasound-mediated stimulation of microbubbles after acute myocardial infarction and reperfusion ameliorates left-ventricular remodelling in mice via improvement of borderzone vascularization. PLoS One 2013; 8:e56841. [PMID: 23437254 PMCID: PMC3577680 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0056841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2012] [Accepted: 01/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Post-infarction remodelling (PIR) determines left-ventricular (LV) function and prognosis after myocardial infarction. The aim of this study was to evaluate transthoracic ultrasound-mediated microbubble stimulation (UMS) as a novel gene- and cell-free therapeutic option after acute myocardial infarction and reperfusion (AMI/R) in mice. METHODS AND RESULTS For myocardial delivery of UMS, a novel therapeutic ultrasound-system (TIPS, Philips Medical) and commercially available microbubbles (BR1, Bracco Suisse SA) were utilized in a closed-chest mouse model. UMS was performed as myocardial post-conditioning (PC) on day four after 30 minutes of coronary occlusion and reperfusion. LV-morphology, as well as global and regional function were measured repeatedly with reconstructive 3-dimensional echocardiography applying an additional low-dose dobutamine protocol after two weeks. Scar size was quantified by means of histomorphometry. A total of 41 mice were investigated; 17 received PC with UMS. Mean ejection fraction (EF) prior UMS was similar in both groups 53%±10 (w/o UMS) and 53%±14 (UMS, p = 0.5), reflecting comparable myocardial mass at risk 17%±8 (w/o UMS), 16%±13 (UMS, p = 0.5). Two weeks after AMI/R, mice undergoing UMS demonstrated significantly better global LV-function (EF = 53%±7) as compared to the group without PC (EF = 39%±11, p<0.01). The fraction of akinetic myocardial mass was significantly lower among mice undergoing UMS after AMI/R [27%±10 (w/o UMS), 13%±8 (UMS), p<0.001)]. Our experiments showed a fast onset of transient, UMS-induced upregulation of vascular-endothelial and insulin-like growth factor (VEGF-a, IGF-1), as well as caveolin-3 (Cav-3). The mice undergoing PC with UMS after AMI/R showed a significantly lower scar size. In addition, the microvascular density was significantly higher in the borderzone of UMS-treated animals. CONCLUSION UMS following AMI/R ameliorates PIR in mice via up-regulation of VEGF-a, IGF-1 and Cav-3, and consecutive improvement of myocardial borderzone vascularization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Dörner
- Department of Medicine/Cardiology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Rafael Struck
- Department of Medicine/Cardiology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Sebastian Zimmer
- Department of Medicine/Cardiology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Christine Peigney
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University Clinical Center Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Georg Daniel Duerr
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University Clinical Center Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Oliver Dewald
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University Clinical Center Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Se-Chan Kim
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Daniela Malan
- Institute of Physiology I, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Thierry Bettinger
- Bracco Suisse SA, Geneva Research Center, Plan-les Ouates, Switzerland
| | - Georg Nickenig
- Department of Medicine/Cardiology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Alexander Ghanem
- Department of Medicine/Cardiology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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