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Tang Y, Zhang M. Fibroblast growth factor 21 and bone homeostasis. Biomed J 2023; 46:100548. [PMID: 35850479 PMCID: PMC10345222 DOI: 10.1016/j.bj.2022.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21), a member of the FGF subfamily, is produced primarily in the liver and adipose tissue. The main function of FGF21 is to regulate energy metabolism of carbohydrates and lipids in the body through endocrine and other means, making FGF21 have potential clinical value in the treatment of metabolic disorders. Although FGF21 and its receptors play a role in the regulation of bone homeostasis through a variety of signaling pathways, a large number of studies have reported that the abuse of FGF21 and its analogues and the abnormal expression of FGF21 in vivo may be associated with bone abnormalities. Due to limited research information on the effect of FGF21 on bone metabolism regulation, the role of FGF21 in the process of bone homeostasis regulation and the mechanism of its occurrence and development have not been fully clarified. Certainly, the various roles played by FGF21 in the regulation of bone homeostasis deserve increasing attention. In this review, we summarize the basic physiological knowledge of FGF21 and the effects of FGF21 on metabolic homeostasis of the skeletal system in animal and human studies. The information provided in this review may prove beneficial for the intervention of bone diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Tang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Guoxue Lane, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Mei Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Guoxue Lane, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
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Moeckli B, Pham TV, Slits F, Latrille S, Peloso A, Delaune V, Oldani G, Lacotte S, Toso C. FGF21 negatively affects long-term female fertility in mice. Heliyon 2022; 8:e11490. [DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e11490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Zhu L, Li M, Zha Q, Yang M, Yu J, Pan M, Yin Q, Jiang L, Xia M, Liu BC, Wang B. Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is a sensitive marker of osteoporosis in haemodialysis patients: a cross-sectional observational study. BMC Nephrol 2021; 22:183. [PMID: 34011291 PMCID: PMC8135985 DOI: 10.1186/s12882-021-02393-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Osteoporosis is one of the important bone abnormalities in chronic kidney disease-mineral and bone disorder (CKD-MBD) and still lacks a sensitive biomarker to diagnose. Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) can stimulate bone loss in patients with diabetes and increase in CKD patients. In this study, we investigated whether FGF21 could serve as a biomarker to predict osteoporosis in a haemodialysis cohort. Methods We recorded demographic information, biochemical data, and serum FGF21 and FGF23 levels and measured the CT attenuation values of 339 haemodialysis patients from two large medical centres. We assessed the correlation of CT attenuation values with serum FGF21 and FGF23 levels and tested whether they were independent factors for osteoporosis. ROC curves were constructed to compare the prognostic value of FGF21 and FGF23 for osteoporosis. Results Based on the CT attenuation value, serum FGF21 levels were higher in our osteoporosis group (median 640.86 pg/ml vs. 245.46 pg/ml, P ˂ 0.01). Meanwhile, FGF21 (r = -0.136, P < 0.05) and FGF23 (r = -0.151, P < 0.05) were both negatively associated with osteoporosis. Moreover, FGF21 (β = -0.067, P < 0.05) was an independent factor for osteoporosis. Furthermore, FGF21 combined with age yielded a marked specificity (90.5 %) and sensitivity (61.8 %) in predicting osteoporosis of haemodialysis patients with less residual renal function. Conclusions FGF21 has a positive relationship with the incidence of osteoporosis in patients on haemodialysis. FGF21 combined with age is a good predictive biomarker for osteoporosis in patients on haemodialysis, especially those with less residual renal function. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12882-021-02393-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Zhu
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhong Da Hospital, Southeast University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Min Li
- Institute of Nephrology, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China
| | - Qianqian Zha
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhong Da Hospital, Southeast University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Min Yang
- Institute of Nephrology, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China
| | - Jirong Yu
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhong Da Hospital, Southeast University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mingming Pan
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhong Da Hospital, Southeast University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qing Yin
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhong Da Hospital, Southeast University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Liqiong Jiang
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhong Da Hospital, Southeast University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Meixia Xia
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhong Da Hospital, Southeast University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bi-Cheng Liu
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhong Da Hospital, Southeast University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Bin Wang
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhong Da Hospital, Southeast University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
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Sun H, Sherrier M, Li H. Skeletal Muscle and Bone - Emerging Targets of Fibroblast Growth Factor-21. Front Physiol 2021; 12:625287. [PMID: 33762965 PMCID: PMC7982600 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.625287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is an atypical member of the FGF family, which functions as a powerful endocrine and paracrine regulator of glucose and lipid metabolism. In addition to liver and adipose tissue, recent studies have shown that FGF21 can also be produced in skeletal muscle. As the most abundant tissue in the human body, skeletal muscle has become increasingly recognized as a major site of metabolic activity and an important modulator of systemic metabolic homeostasis. The function and mechanism of action of muscle-derived FGF21 have recently gained attention due to the findings of considerably increased expression and secretion of FGF21 from skeletal muscle under certain pathological conditions. Recent reports regarding the ectopic expression of FGF21 from skeletal muscle and its potential effects on the musculoskeletal system unfolds a new chapter in the story of FGF21. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge base of muscle-derived FGF21 and the possible functions of FGF21 on homeostasis of the musculoskeletal system with a focus on skeletal muscle and bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Sun
- Musculoskeletal Growth & Regeneration Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Matthew Sherrier
- Musculoskeletal Growth & Regeneration Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Hongshuai Li
- Musculoskeletal Growth & Regeneration Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
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Lui DTW, Lee CH, Chau VWK, Fong CHY, Yeung KMY, Lam JKY, Lee ACH, Chow WS, Tan KCB, Woo YC, Lam KSL. Potential role of fibroblast growth factor 21 in the deterioration of bone quality in impaired glucose tolerance. J Endocrinol Invest 2021; 44:523-530. [PMID: 32602078 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-020-01337-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Findings on trabecular bone score (TBS), an index of bone quality, have been reported in prediabetes defined by impaired fasting glucose or HbA1c. Here, we assessed the bone mineral density (BMD) and TBS in prediabetes individuals with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), and investigated the association of these bone parameters with serum levels of fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21), a hormone implicated in bone metabolism and with higher levels in IGT. METHODS Chinese postmenopausal women aged 55-80 years, without diabetes, were recruited from the Hong Kong Cardiovascular Risk Factor Prevalence Study in 2016-2018. Normal glucose tolerance (NGT) was defined by fasting glucose < 5.6 mmol/L and 2-h plasma glucose (2hG) < 7.8 mmol/L, and IGT by 2hG 7.8-11 mmol/L. Serum levels of FGF21 and other bone metabolism regulators were measured. Insulin sensitivity was assessed by the Matsuda index. Independent determinants of TBS were evaluated using multivariable stepwise linear regression. RESULTS 173 individuals with NGT and 73 with IGT were included. TBS was lower in those with IGT compared to those with NGT, while BMD was comparable. Individuals with IGT had significantly higher serum FGF21 levels, which in turn showed an independent inverse relationship with TBS, attenuated after inclusion of the Matsuda index. Serum FGF21 levels, however, did not correlate with BMD. CONCLUSION Among Chinese postmenopausal women, bone quality was worse in IGT, despite comparable bone density. FGF21 levels showed a significant independent inverse relationship with TBS, partly attributed to insulin resistance. Whether FGF21 contributes to the impaired bone quality in IGT remains speculative.
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Affiliation(s)
- D T W Lui
- Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - C H Lee
- Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - V W K Chau
- Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - C H Y Fong
- Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - K M Y Yeung
- Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - J K Y Lam
- Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - A C H Lee
- Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - W S Chow
- Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - K C B Tan
- Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Y C Woo
- Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - K S L Lam
- Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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Lee SY, Fam KD, Chia KL, Yap MMC, Goh J, Yeo KP, Yap EPH, Chotirmall SH, Lim CL. Age-related bone loss is associated with FGF21 but not IGFBP1 in healthy adults. Exp Physiol 2020; 105:622-631. [PMID: 31977105 DOI: 10.1113/ep088351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
What is the central question of this study? Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) plays important therapeutic roles in metabolic diseases but is associated with bone loss, through insulin-like growth factor binding protein 1 (IGFBP1), in animals. However, the effect of the FGF21-IGFBP1 axis on age-related bone loss has not been explored in humans. What is the main finding and its importance? Using 'genetically linked' parent and child family pairs, we show that the FGF21 concentration, but not the IGFBP1 concentration, is higher in older than in younger adults. Our results suggest that age-associated decline in bone mineral density is associated with FGF21 and increased bone turnover but not likely to involve IGFBP1 in healthy humans. ABSTRACT: Bone fragility increases with age. The fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21)-insulin-like growth factor binding protein 1 (IGFBP1) axis regulates bone loss in animals. However, the role of FGF21 in mediating age-associated bone fragility in humans remains unknown. The purpose of this study was to explore the FGF21-regulatory axis in bone turnover and the age-related decline in bone mineral density (BMD). Twenty 'genetically linked' family (parent and child) pairs were recruited. Younger adults were 22-39 years old and older adults 60-71 years old. The BMD and serum concentrations of FGF21, IGFBP1, receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL), tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5b (TRAP5b) and bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (BAP) were measured. Older adults had 10-18% lower BMD at the hip and spine (P < 0.008) and a twofold higher FGF21 concentration (P < 0.001). The IGFBP1 concentration was similar in younger and older adults (P = 0.961). The RANKL concentration was 44% lower (P = 0.006), whereas TRAP5b and BAP concentrations were 36 and 31% higher (P = 0.01 and P = 0.004), respectively, in older adults than in younger adults. Adjusting for sex did not affect these results. The FGF21 concentration was negatively correlated with BMD at the spine (r = -0.460, P = 0.003), but not with the IGFBP1 concentration (r = -0.144, P = 0.374). The IGFBP1 concentration was not correlated with BMD at the hip or spine (all P > 0.05). In humans, FGF21 might be involved in the age-associated decline in BMD, especially at the spine, through increased bone turnover. IGFBP1 is unlikely to be the downstream effector of FGF21 in driving the age-associated decline in BMD and in RANKL-associated osteoclast differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuen Yee Lee
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Kai Deng Fam
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Kar Ling Chia
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Margaret M C Yap
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Jorming Goh
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Centre for Healthy Ageing, National University Health System (NUHS), Singapore
| | - Kwee Poo Yeo
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Eric P H Yap
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Sanjay H Chotirmall
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Chin Leong Lim
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
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Marchelek-Myśliwiec M, Dziedziejko V, Nowosiad-Magda M, Dołęgowska K, Dołęgowska B, Pawlik A, Safranow K, Wiśniewska M, Stępniewska J, Domański M, Ciechanowski K. Chronic Kidney Disease Is Associated with Increased Plasma Levels of Fibroblast Growth Factors 19 and 21. Kidney Blood Press Res 2019; 44:1207-1218. [PMID: 31614355 DOI: 10.1159/000502647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is the result of a reduced number of nephrons, in which adipose tissue and its metabolites play a significant role. Fibroblast growth factors, FGF19 and FGF21, are involved in lipid and carbohydrate metabolism. The aim of the study was to examine the concentrations of FGF19 and FGF21 in patients with CKD, as well as the correlation between FGF19 and FGF21 and selected biochemical parameters. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study included 178 subjects: 52 patients with CKD in stages 2-4, without haemodialysis (CKD), 47 haemodialysed patients with CKD (HD), 56 patients with CKD after a renal transplantation (Tx) and 23 healthy subjects as the control group (C). RESULTS The highest FGF19 serum concentrations were observed in CKD patients and the lowest were observed in the Tx group. Patients in the CKD group had significantly higher serum FGF21 concentrations. There were negative correlations between FGF19 and glomerular filtration rate (GFR), as well as high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in patients after kidney transplantation. Negative correlations were also found between serum FGF21 concentrations and GFR in patients after Tx, while positive correlations were observed between FGF21 concentrations and lean body mass in the CKD group, body mass index and total cholesterol in the HD group. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that increased concentrations of FGF19 and FGF21 in patients with CKD may be associated with the metabolism of lipids and carbohydrates. Our results also indicate that haemodialysis and transplantation results in the reduction of FGF19 and FGF21 concentrations in patients with CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Marchelek-Myśliwiec
- Clinical Department of Nephrology, Transplantology and Internal Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Violetta Dziedziejko
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Monika Nowosiad-Magda
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Dołęgowska
- Clinical Department of Nephrology, Transplantology and Internal Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Barbara Dołęgowska
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Andrzej Pawlik
- Department of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland,
| | - Krzysztof Safranow
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Magda Wiśniewska
- Clinical Department of Nephrology, Transplantology and Internal Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Joanna Stępniewska
- Clinical Department of Nephrology, Transplantology and Internal Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Maciej Domański
- Clinical Department of Nephrology, Transplantology and Internal Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Kazimierz Ciechanowski
- Clinical Department of Nephrology, Transplantology and Internal Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
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