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Falahati A, Arazi H. Cardiac biomarker responses following high-intensity interval and continuous exercise: the influence of ACE-I/D gene polymorphism and training status in men. Physiol Genomics 2024; 56:436-444. [PMID: 38586874 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00129.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the relationship between pre- and postexercise cardiac biomarker release according to athletic status (trained vs. untrained) and to establish whether the I/D polymorphism in the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) gene had an influence on cardiac biomarkers release with specific regard on the influence of the training state. We determined cardiac troponin I (cTnI) and N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) in 29 trained and 27 untrained male soccer players before and after moderate-intensity continuous exercise (MICE) and high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE) running tests. Trained soccer players had higher pre (trained: 0.014 ± 0.007 ng/mL; untrained: 0.010 ± 0.005 ng/mL) and post HIIE (trained: 0.031 ± 0.008 ng/mL; untrained: 0.0179 ± 0.007) and MICE (trained: 0.030 ± 0.007 ng/mL; untrained: 0.018 ± 0.007) cTnI values than untrained subjects, but the change with exercise (ΔcTnI) was similar between groups. There was no significant difference in baseline and postexercise NT-proBNP between groups. NT-proBNP levels were elevated after both HIIE and MICE. Considering three ACE genotypes, the mean pre exercise cTnI values of the trained group (DD: 0.015 ± 0.008 ng/mL, ID: 0.015 ± 0.007 ng/mL, and II: 0.014 ± 0.008 ng/mL) and their untrained counterparts (DD: 0.010 ± 0.004 ng/mL, ID: 0.011 ± 0.004 ng/mL, and II: 0.010 ± 0.006 ng/mL) did not show any significant difference. To sum up, noticeable difference in baseline cTnI was observed, which was related to athletic status but not ACE genotypes. Neither athletic status nor ACE genotypes seemed to affect the changes in cardiac biomarkers in response to HIIE and MICE, indicating that the ACE gene does not play a significant role in the release of exercise-induced cardiac biomarkers indicative of cardiac damage in Iranian soccer players.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Our study investigated the impact of athletic status and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) gene I/D polymorphism on cardiac biomarkers in soccer players. Trained players showed higher baseline cardiac troponin I (cTnI) levels, whereas postexercise ΔcTnI remained consistent across groups. N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide increased after exercise in both groups, staying within normal limits. ACE genotypes did not significantly affect pre-exercise cTnI. Overall, athletic status influences baseline cTnI, but neither it nor ACE genotypes significantly impact exercise-induced cardiac biomarker responses in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akram Falahati
- Department of Exercise Physiology, University Campus, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
| | - Hamid Arazi
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
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Changes in the Frequency of Moderate-to-Vigorous Physical Activity and Subsequent Risk of All-Cause and Cardiovascular Disease Mortality. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19010504. [PMID: 35010764 PMCID: PMC8744773 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19010504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the association of changes in the frequency of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and the risks of all-cause and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality. This study used the nationally representative National Health Insurance Service-National Sample Cohort database. We included 286,402 individuals aged ≥20 years and estimated changes in the frequency of MVPA over a two-year period. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using Cox proportional hazard regression models. The HRs (95% CIs) for the risk of all-cause and CVD mortality for an increased frequency of MVPA from physical inactivity compared with continual physical inactivity were 0.82 and 0.68 (0.73–0.92 and 0.51–0.91) for 1–2, 0.72 and 0.48 (0.62–0.84 and 0.31–0.74) for 3–4, and 0.73 and 0.70 (0.63–0.85 and 0.50–0.98) for ≥5 sessions of MVPA/week. The HRs (95% CIs) for the risk of all-cause and CVD mortality were 1.28 and 1.58 (1.07–1.53 and 1.01–2.46), 1.25 and 2.17 (1.01–1.57 and 1.14–4.12), and 1.43 and 1.44 (1.15–1.77 and 0.84–2.47) for changes from 1–2, 3–4, and ≥5 sessions of MVPA/week to physical inactivity, respectively. This study showed the beneficial effect of increasing physical activity, particularly for those who were physically inactive at baseline, as well as the increased risk of all-cause and CVD mortality after adapting a physically inactive lifestyle regardless of their baseline physical activity status.
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Marques A, Peralta M, Sarmento H, Martins J, González Valeiro M. Associations between vigorous physical activity and chronic diseases in older adults: a study in 13 European countries. Eur J Public Health 2019; 28:950-955. [PMID: 29767706 DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/cky086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background This study aimed to assess cross-sectional and prospective relationships between vigorous physical activity (VPA) and the risk of major chronic diseases among European older adults. Methods Participants were 37 524 older adults who responded to the fourth (in 2011) and fifth (in 2013) wave of the SHARE project, from 13 European countries. Participants answered interview questions about the presence of chronic conditions and VPA. The cross-sectional and prospective association between PA and the number of chronic diseases was assessed using logistic regression models. Results Among men and women, the prevalence of chronic diseases was significantly lower among those who reported VPA once a week or more than once a week. For men, VPA once a week was prospectively related with lower odds of heart attack, chronic lung disease, Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease. VPA more than once a week was prospectively related with lower odds of having all chronic diseases. Women who engaged in VPA once a week presented lower odds of having chronic diseases, except for hypertension, high blood cholesterol and cancer. For VPA more than once a week, cancer was the only disease not associated with physical activity. Conclusion VPA is associated with reduced risk of chronic diseases in men and women. Even the practice of VPA once a week seems to be sufficient to reduce risks of chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adilson Marques
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Estudo da Performance Humana, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.,Centro de Investigação em Saúde Pública, Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.,Facultad de Ciencias del Deporte y la Educación Física, Universidad de A Coruña, A Coruña, España
| | - Miguel Peralta
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Estudo da Performance Humana, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Hugo Sarmento
- Sport and Physical Activity Research Centre, Faculty of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - João Martins
- Laboratório de Pedagogia, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana e UIDEF, Instituto de Educação, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.,Faculdade de Educação Física e Desporto, Universidade Lusófona de Humanidades e Tecnologias, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Miguel González Valeiro
- Facultad de Ciencias del Deporte y la Educación Física, Universidad de A Coruña, A Coruña, España
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Kinoshita M, Yokote K, Arai H, Iida M, Ishigaki Y, Ishibashi S, Umemoto S, Egusa G, Ohmura H, Okamura T, Kihara S, Koba S, Saito I, Shoji T, Daida H, Tsukamoto K, Deguchi J, Dohi S, Dobashi K, Hamaguchi H, Hara M, Hiro T, Biro S, Fujioka Y, Maruyama C, Miyamoto Y, Murakami Y, Yokode M, Yoshida H, Rakugi H, Wakatsuki A, Yamashita S. Japan Atherosclerosis Society (JAS) Guidelines for Prevention of Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Diseases 2017. J Atheroscler Thromb 2018; 25:846-984. [PMID: 30135334 PMCID: PMC6143773 DOI: 10.5551/jat.gl2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 488] [Impact Index Per Article: 81.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Koutaro Yokote
- Department of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hidenori Arai
- National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Aichi, Japan
| | - Mami Iida
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Gifu Prefectural General Medical Center, Gifu, Japan
| | - Yasushi Ishigaki
- Division of Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Iwate Medical University, Iwate, Japan
| | - Shun Ishibashi
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Seiji Umemoto
- Center for Integrated Medical Research, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | | | - Hirotoshi Ohmura
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomonori Okamura
- Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinji Kihara
- Biomedical Informatics, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shinji Koba
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Isao Saito
- Department of Community Health Systems Nursing, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Shoji
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Daida
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Tsukamoto
- Department of Internal Medicine, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Juno Deguchi
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Saitama Medical Center, Saitama, Japan
| | - Seitaro Dohi
- Chief Health Management Department, Mitsui Chemicals Inc., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazushige Dobashi
- Department of Pediatrics, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Masumi Hara
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mizonokuchi Hospital, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Takafumi Hiro
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Yoshio Fujioka
- Faculty of Nutrition, Division of Clinical Nutrition, Kobe Gakuin University, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Chizuko Maruyama
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Faculty of Human Sciences and Design, Japan Women's University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Miyamoto
- Department of Preventive Cardiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, Japan
| | | | - Masayuki Yokode
- Department of Clinical Innovative Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yoshida
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Jikei University Kashiwa Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hiromi Rakugi
- Department of Geriatric and General Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Akihiko Wakatsuki
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Aichi Medical University, Aichi, Japan
| | - Shizuya Yamashita
- Department of Community Medicine, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
- Rinku General Medical Center, Osaka, Japan
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Gero K, Iso H, Kitamura A, Yamagishi K, Yatsuya H, Tamakoshi A. Cardiovascular disease mortality in relation to physical activity during adolescence and adulthood in Japan: Does school-based sport club participation matter? Prev Med 2018; 113:102-108. [PMID: 29753803 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2018.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Revised: 05/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
We examined potential associations of sport club participation during adolescence and sports-related physical activity during adulthood with mortality from cardiovascular diseases (CVD) in a Japanese population. Between 1988 and 1990, 29,526 men and 41,043 women aged 40-79 years responded to a questionnaire including questions about the frequency of sports participation at baseline and sport club participation during junior/senior high school. Subjects were followed-up until the end of 2009, and 4230 cardiovascular deaths (870 CHD, 1859 stroke) were identified. Cox proportional-hazard regression models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HR). During the first-two thirds of the follow-up - where the proportional hazards assumption was met - the multivariate-adjusted HR (95% confidence interval) for total CVD mortality was 0.77 (0.61-0.98) among men and 0.82 (0.61-1.10) among women who were physically active at baseline (≥5 h/week versus 1-2 h/week). The corresponding HRs for coronary heart disease (CHD) mortality were 0.65 (0.39-1.07) and 0.40 (0.17-0.91), respectively. The combined associations of sports participation during adulthood and adolescence were also examined. Among men who participated in sports for ≥5 h/week at baseline, the multivariate-adjusted HR for those who also engaged in sport club activities during adolescence was 0.89 (0.61-1.30) for total CVD mortality and 0.24 (0.08-0.71) for CHD mortality when compared to non-participants. Among women, no statistically significant differences were found between sport club participants and non-participants. In conclusion, participating in sport clubs during adolescence might lead to a more pronounced risk-reduction for CHD mortality among men who also participate in sport activities during adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krisztina Gero
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States.
| | - Hiroyasu Iso
- Public Health, Department of Social Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Akihiko Kitamura
- Research Team for Social Participation and Community Health, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Kazumasa Yamagishi
- Department of Public Health Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
| | - Hiroshi Yatsuya
- Department of Public Health, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan.
| | - Akiko Tamakoshi
- Department of Public Health, Hokkaido University Faculty of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan.
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Bjarnegård N, Länne T, Cinthio M, Ekstrand J, Hedman K, Nylander E, Henriksson J. Vascular characteristics in young women-Effect of extensive endurance training or a sedentary lifestyle. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2018; 223:e13041. [PMID: 29359513 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Revised: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
AIM To explore whether high-level endurance training in early age has an influence on the arterial wall properties in young women. METHODS Forty-seven athletes (ATH) and 52 controls (CTR), all 17-25 years of age, were further divided into runners (RUN), whole-body endurance athletes (WBA), sedentary controls (SC) and normally active controls (AC). Two-dimensional ultrasound scanning of the carotid arteries was conducted to determine local common carotid artery (CCA) geometry and wall distensibility. Pulse waves were recorded with a tonometer to determine regional pulse wave velocity (PWV) and pulse pressure waveform. RESULTS Carotid-radial PWV was lower in WBA than in RUN (P < .05), indicating higher arterial distensibility along the arm. Mean arterial pressure was lower in ATH than in CTR and in RUN than in WBA (P < .05). Synthesized aortic augmentation index (AI@75) was lower among ATH than among CTR (-12.8 ± 1.6 vs -2.6 ± 1.2%, P < .001) and in WBA than in RUN (-16.4 ± 2.5 vs -10.7 ± 2.0%, P < .05), suggesting a diminished return of reflection waves to the aorta during systole. Carotid-femoral PWV and intima-media thickness (IMT), lumen diameter and radial distensibility of the CCA were similar in ATH and CTR. CONCLUSION Elastic artery distensibility and carotid artery IMT are not different in young women with extensive endurance training over several years and in those with sedentary lifestyle. On the other hand, our data suggest that long-term endurance training is associated with potentially favourable peripheral artery adaptation, especially in sports where upper body work is added. This adaptation, if persisting later in life, could contribute to lower cardiovascular risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. Bjarnegård
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine; Department of Medical and Health Sciences; Linköping University; Linköping Sweden
- Department of Clinical Physiology; Region Jönköping County; Jönköping Sweden
| | - T. Länne
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine; Department of Medical and Health Sciences; Linköping University; Linköping Sweden
- Department of Thoracic and Vascular Surgery; Region Östergötland; Linköping Sweden
| | - M. Cinthio
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; Faculty of Engineering; Lund University; Lund Sweden
| | - J. Ekstrand
- Division of Community Medicine; Department of Medical and Health Sciences; Linköping University; Linköping Sweden
| | - K. Hedman
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Department of Medical and Health Sciences; Linköping University; Linköping Sweden
| | - E. Nylander
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Department of Medical and Health Sciences; Linköping University; Linköping Sweden
| | - J. Henriksson
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology; Karolinska Institutet; Stockholm Sweden
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Marques A, Peralta M, Martins J, de Matos MG, Brownson RC. Cross-sectional and prospective relationship between physical activity and chronic diseases in European older adults. Int J Public Health 2016; 62:495-502. [DOI: 10.1007/s00038-016-0919-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2016] [Revised: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Self-recalled Youth Physical Activity and Postmenopausal Cardiovascular Disease. HEALTH BEHAVIOR AND POLICY REVIEW 2015; 1:472-483. [PMID: 26523282 DOI: 10.14485/hbpr.1.6.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the association between childhood physical activity and incident cardiovascular disease (CVD) during postmenopausal years. METHODS Proportional hazards and logistic regression were used describe the association between self-reported childhood physical activity and CVD incidence and mortality in 36,741 postmenopausal women. RESULTS Older women, African-Americans, or nondrinkers or past drinkers self-reported the highest levels of youth physical activity and women with a history of diabetes, hypertension, overweight or obesity, or current smoking reported the highest youth physical activity dose. Youth physical activity was not associated with CVD incidence (HR=1.11; 0.93, 1.34) or mortality (HR=1.2; 0.9, 1.73). CONCLUSIONS Self-reported youth activity was not associated with postmenopausal CVD incidence or mortality.
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Sealey R, George N, Gordon S, Simmons L. Dual Benefits of a Student-Assisted Interprofessional Men's Healthy Lifestyle Pilot Program. Am J Mens Health 2015; 11:1133-1141. [PMID: 26345401 DOI: 10.1177/1557988315601725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Men are less willing to seek health professional advice than women and die more often than women from preventable causes. Therefore, it is important to increase male engagement with health initiatives. This study reports the outcomes of a student-assisted, interprofessional, 12-week health program for overweight adult males. The program included weekly health education and structured, supervised group exercise sessions. Thirteen males (participants) and 18 university students (session facilitators) completed the program. Participants were assessed for a range of health and physical activity measures and health and health profession knowledge. Participants demonstrated significant improvement in activity, knowledge, and perceptions of physical and mental function, and appreciated the guided, group sessions. Students completed an interprofessional readiness questionnaire and reported significant improvement in the understanding of the benefits of interprofessional education and of their role in health care. This program provides evidence of the dual benefit that occurs from the delivery of a student-assisted, interprofessional men's health program to at-risk community members.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Sealey
- 1 James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Nadene George
- 1 James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Susan Gordon
- 1 James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Lisa Simmons
- 1 James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
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Teramoto T, Sasaki J, Ishibashi S, Birou S, Daida H, Dohi S, Egusa G, Hiro T, Hirobe K, Iida M, Kihara S, Kinoshita M, Maruyama C, Ohta T, Okamura T, Yamashita S, Yokode M, Yokote K. Treatment A) lifestyle modification: executive summary of the Japan Atherosclerosis Society(JAS) guidelines for the diagnosis and prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases in Japan--2012 version. J Atheroscler Thromb 2013; 20:835-49. [PMID: 24172256 DOI: 10.5551/jat.18820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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12
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Nielsen JR, Wachtell K, Abdulla J. The Relationship Between Physical Activity and Risk of Atrial Fibrillation-A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Atr Fibrillation 2013; 5:789. [PMID: 28496815 DOI: 10.4022/jafib.789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2013] [Revised: 01/06/2013] [Accepted: 01/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Aim: The aim of this systematic literature review and meta-analyses was to explore the relationship between physical activity and risk of new-onset atrial fibrillation (AF) or flutter (AFlu). Results: The search revealed 10 published studies that were eligible for three different meta-analyses. A meta-analysis of six case-control studies showed that risk of AF increased more than 5-fold in athletes compared to non-athletic controls, OR=5.3 [(3.6, 7.9; 95% confidence interval (CI)], p<0.0001. A second meta-analysis of three case-control studies showed a significantly higher prevalence of athletes among AF populations compared to their healthy controls, OR=4.7 (3.1-6.9; 95% CI), p<0.0001. A third meta-analysis of three prospective large-scale long-term studies showed that moderate/high habitual physical activity was associated with significantly reduced risk of AF compared with none or very low intensity physical activity OR=0.89(0.83, 0.96; 95% CI), p=002 Conclusions: Long-term vigorous physical training or lack of physical activity both are associated with increased risk of AF, while habitual moderate physical activity may be associated with reduced risk. Further large-scale prospective randomized controlled studies particularly in athletes are needed to further confirm these findings.
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Koba S, Tanaka H, Maruyama C, Tada N, Birou S, Teramoto T, Sasaki J. Physical activity in the Japan population: association with blood lipid levels and effects in reducing cardiovascular and all-cause mortality. J Atheroscler Thromb 2011; 18:833-45. [PMID: 21946534 DOI: 10.5551/jat.8094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
According to many prospective cohort studies and meta-analyses of those studies, physical inactivity and/or low levels of physical fitness are associated with an elevated risk for the development of metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, hypertension, coronary artery disease (CAD), and stroke, and with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality and all-cause mortality. Most of these analyses, however, were conducted on non-Japanese populations in the West. This report summarizes prospective observational and clinical studies in Japan. The annual national nutrition survey has shown a gradual decline in the number of walking steps in both genders and in all age groups over the last 10 years. While exercise habits have been gradually increasing in the elderly, only one-fifth of young and middle-aged people undertake leisure-time physical activity. Prospective cohort studies have shown that increased physical fitness and greater physical activity in either daily life or leisure time are of benefit in preventing all-cause mortality and CVD mortality. The daily number of walking steps is positively associated with HDL cholesterol levels and negatively associated with triglyceride levels. According to a random-effects model meta-analysis of 4 randomized controlled trials comparing supervised aerobic exercise training with non-exercise control in subjects without CAD, exercise resulted in a significant increase in HDL-cholesterol (10.01 mg/dL, 95% CI 5.38 to 14.65, p< 0.0001). While this confirms the importance of physical activity in preventing CVD mortality and all-cause mortality, the levels of physical activity are on a declining trend in Japan, particularly among the young.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinji Koba
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
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Goodman JM, Thomas SG, Burr J. Evidence-based risk assessment and recommendations for exercise testing and physical activity clearance in apparently healthy individuals1This paper is one of a selection of papers published in this Special Issue, entitled Evidence-based risk assessment and recommendations for physical activity clearance, and has undergone the Journal’s usual peer review process. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2011; 36 Suppl 1:S14-32. [DOI: 10.1139/h11-048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Increased physical activity (PA) is associated with improved health and quality of life in the general population. A dose–response effect is evident between increasing levels of PA participation and a lower relative risk for cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality. However, there is also clear evidence that PA acutely increases the risk of an adverse cardiovascular (CV) event and sudden cardiac death (SCD) significantly above levels expected at rest. Adverse CV events during PA may be triggered acutely by the physiological stress of exercise. This investigation will review the available literature describing the CV risks of exercise testing and PA participation in apparently healthy individuals. A systematic review of the literature was performed using electronic databases, including Medline, CINAHL, SPORT discus, EMBASE, Cochrane DSR, ACP Journal Club, and DARE; additional relevant articles were hand-picked and the final grouping was used for the review using the AGREE process to assess the impact and quality of the selected articles. Six hundred and sixteen relevant articles were reviewed with 51 being identified as describing adverse CV events during exercise and PA. Data suggests the risks of fatal and nonfatal events during maximal exercise testing in apparently healthy individuals rarely occur (approximately <0.8 per 10 000 tests or 1 per 10 000 h of testing). The incidence of adverse CV events is extremely low during PA of varying types and intensities, with data limited almost exclusively to fatal CV events, as nonfatal events are rarely reported. However, this risk is reduced by 25%–50% in those individuals who have prior experience with increased levels of PA, particularly vigorous PA. Throughout a wide age range, the risk of SCD and nonfatal events during PA remain extremely low (well below 0.01 per 10 000 participant hours), but both increasing age and PA intensity are associated with greater risk. In most cases of exercise-related SCD, undetected pre-existing disease is present and SCD is typically the first clinical event. The risks of an adverse CV event during exercise testing and PA are rare and are outweighed by the health benefits. Given this risk-benefit relationship, the PAR-Q is an appropriate method to identify those at higher risk across a wide age span and should be used in conjunction with appropriate clinical guidelines for guiding individuals towards graduated PA. There are not adequate data to describe the risks of PA in those individuals considered to be at higher risk but without cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack M. Goodman
- Department of Exercise Sciences, Faculty of Physical Education and Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Scott G. Thomas
- Department of Exercise Sciences, Faculty of Physical Education and Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jamie Burr
- Cardiovascular Physiology and Rehabilitation Laboratory, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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Koba S, Tanaka H, Maruyama C, Tada N, Birou S, Teramoto T, Sasaki J. Physical Activity in the Japan Population: Association with Blood Lipid Levels and Effects in Reducing Cardiovascular and All-Cause Mortality. J Atheroscler Thromb 2011. [DOI: 10.5551/jat.er8094-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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Koba S, Tanaka H, Maruyama C, Tada N, Birou S, Teramoto T, Sasaki J. Physical Activity in the Japan Population: Association with Blood Lipid Levels and Effects in Reducing Cardiovascular and All-Cause Mortality. J Atheroscler Thromb 2011. [DOI: 10.5551/jat.er8094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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Hiruntrakul A, Nanagara R, Emasithi A, Borer KT. Effect of Endurance Exercise on Resting Testosterone Levels in Sedentary Subjects. Cent Eur J Public Health 2010; 18:169-72. [DOI: 10.21101/cejph.a3589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Kerr RM, Leicht AS, Spinks WL. Effects of a 12-month exercise program on cardiorespiratory health indicators of Vietnam War veterans resident in the tropics. Aust J Rural Health 2008; 16:132-6. [PMID: 18471182 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1584.2007.00934.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To measure the effect of a combined aerobic and resistance exercise program on key cardiovascular disease risk factors (i.e. body composition or anthropometry and cardiorespiratory function) of Australian male, Vietnam War veterans living in the tropics. DESIGN Twelve-month exercise program with assessments at commencement, 3, 6 and 12 months. SETTING North Queensland regional centre. PARTICIPANTS Australian male, Vietnam War veterans (n = 164) resident in north Queensland. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Measurement of heart rate, blood pressure, skinfold and girth measurements, exercise heart rate response and estimated aerobic capacity to determine whether the implementation of a simple aerobic and resistance exercise program could positively change selected cardiovascular disease risk factors in Vietnam Veterans. RESULTS Significant improvements were reported for systolic blood pressure (131.1 (SD 15.7) reduced to 122.7 (12.4) mmHg), diastolic blood pressure (82.7 (9.1) reduced to 76.3 (10.3) mmHg), resting heart rate (73 (11) reduced to 69 (11) bpm), sum of skinfolds (127.5 (40.3) reduced to 99.5 (32.1) mm), waist girth (103.2 (12.0) reduced to 100.5 (12.1) cm), hip girth (105.3 (9.6) reduced to 103.7 (10.4) cm) and aerobic capacity (2.17 (0.39) increased to 2.36 (0.34) L min(-1)). CONCLUSION Participation in a combined aerobic and resistance training program elicited significant anthropometric and cardiorespiratory benefits that might lead to a decreased risk of developing cardiovascular disease for male Vietnam War veterans resident in rural and regional areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca M Kerr
- Institute of Sport and Exercise Science, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia.
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Thompson PD, Franklin BA, Balady GJ, Blair SN, Corrado D, Estes NAM, Fulton JE, Gordon NF, Haskell WL, Link MS, Maron BJ, Mittleman MA, Pelliccia A, Wenger NK, Willich SN, Costa F. Exercise and acute cardiovascular events placing the risks into perspective: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association Council on Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Metabolism and the Council on Clinical Cardiology. Circulation 2007; 115:2358-68. [PMID: 17468391 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.107.181485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 639] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Habitual physical activity reduces coronary heart disease events, but vigorous activity can also acutely and transiently increase the risk of sudden cardiac death and acute myocardial infarction in susceptible persons. This scientific statement discusses the potential cardiovascular complications of exercise, their pathological substrate, and their incidence and suggests strategies to reduce these complications. Exercise-associated acute cardiac events generally occur in individuals with structural cardiac disease. Hereditary or congenital cardiovascular abnormalities are predominantly responsible for cardiac events among young individuals, whereas atherosclerotic disease is primarily responsible for these events in adults. The absolute rate of exercise-related sudden cardiac death varies with the prevalence of disease in the study population. The incidence of both acute myocardial infarction and sudden death is greatest in the habitually least physically active individuals. No strategies have been adequately studied to evaluate their ability to reduce exercise-related acute cardiovascular events. Maintaining physical fitness through regular physical activity may help to reduce events because a disproportionate number of events occur in least physically active subjects performing unaccustomed physical activity. Other strategies, such as screening patients before participation in exercise, excluding high-risk patients from certain activities, promptly evaluating possible prodromal symptoms, training fitness personnel for emergencies, and encouraging patients to avoid high-risk activities, appear prudent but have not been systematically evaluated.
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Creating healthy, high-performance workplaces: Strategies from health and sports psychology. CONSULTING PSYCHOLOGY JOURNAL-PRACTICE AND RESEARCH 2006. [DOI: 10.1037/1065-9293.58.1.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Value of exercise capacity and physical activity in the prevention of cardiovascular diseases—brief review of the current literature. J Public Health (Oxf) 2005. [DOI: 10.1007/s10389-005-0127-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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Abstract
Atherosclerotic coronary artery disease (CAD) is a leading cause of death in the United States. It accounts for myocardial infarction in approximately 1.5 million Americans annually and results in approximately 500,000 deaths yearly. Half of these deaths occur prior to patients being admitted to a hospital. A dramatic reduction in mortality related to atherosclerotic CAD has occurred in the last decade. This reduction has resulted from significant advances in both the medical and surgical management of this disease as well as from increased efforts to modify risk factors known to increase the likelihood of developing CAD. Modifiable risk factors include cigarette smoking, hypercholesterolemia, and hypertension. More recently, physical inactivity has been found to be a significant modifiable risk factor that can influence the development of CAD. This article reviews some of the observational data that support these conclusions, discusses the role of exercise in the prevention of CAD in select groups, and reviews some of the mechanisms by which exercise may modify the development of CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Puffer
- Division of Sports Medicine, Department of Family Medicine, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, USA
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