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Kim TH, Heo SY, Oh GW, Park WS, Jung WK. Biocompatibility and sub-chronic toxicity studies of phlorotannin/polycaprolactone coated trachea tube for advancing medical device applications. Sci Rep 2024; 14:3945. [PMID: 38365854 PMCID: PMC10873353 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-54684-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024] Open
Abstract
The phlorotannin-polycaprolactone-coated endotracheal tube (PP tube) has been developed with the aim of preventing tracheal stenosis that can result from endotracheal intubation, a factor that can lead to a serious airway obstruction. Its preventive efficacy has been assessed through both in vitro and in vivo investigations. However, there is a lack of studies concerning its biocompatibility and sub-chronic toxicity in animal models, a crucial factor to ensure the safety of its usage as a functional endotracheal tube. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the biocompatibility and sub-chronic (13 weeks) toxicity of the PP tube through L929 cell line and diverse in vivo models. The cytotoxicity testing was performed using the extracts of PP tube on L929 cells for 72 h. Furthermore, other tests conducted on animal models, including ICR mice (acute systemic toxicity), New Zealand white rabbit (intradermal reactivity and pyrogen tests), guinea pig (maximization sensitization), and Sprague Dawley rats (sub-chronic toxicity). In both biocompatibility and sub-chronic toxicity analyses, no significant adverse effects are observed in the groups exposed to the PP tube, when compared to control group. Altogether, the findings suggested that the PP tube exhibits relative non-toxic and safety, supporting its suitability for clinical usage. However, extended periods of intubation may produce mild irritant responses, highlighting the clinical caution of limiting intubation duration to less than 13 weeks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae-Hee Kim
- Research Center for Marine-Integrated Bionics Technology, Pukyong National University, Busan, 48513, Republic of Korea
- Marine Integrated Biomedical Technology Center, The National Key Research Institutes in Universities, Pukyong National University, Busan, 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Yeong Heo
- Jeju Bio Research Center, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology (KIOST), Jeju, 63349, Republic of Korea
| | - Gun-Woo Oh
- National Marine Biodiversity Institute of Korea, Seochun, Chungcheongnam-do, 33662, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Sun Park
- Department of Physiology, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Kyo Jung
- Research Center for Marine-Integrated Bionics Technology, Pukyong National University, Busan, 48513, Republic of Korea.
- Marine Integrated Biomedical Technology Center, The National Key Research Institutes in Universities, Pukyong National University, Busan, 48513, Republic of Korea.
- Major of Biomedical Engineering, Division of Smart Healthcare, College of Information Technology and Convergence and New-Senior Healthcare Innovation Center (BK21 Plus), Busan, 48513, Republic of Korea.
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Wang J, Li J, Zhang X, Zhang M, Hu X, Yin H. Molecular mechanisms of histone deacetylases and inhibitors in renal fibrosis progression. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:986405. [PMID: 36148005 PMCID: PMC9485629 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.986405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal fibrosis is a common progressive manifestation of chronic kidney disease. This phenomenon of self-repair in response to kidney damage seriously affects the normal filtration function of the kidney. Yet, there are no specific treatments for the condition, which marks fibrosis as an irreversible pathological sequela. As such, there is a pressing need to improve our understanding of how fibrosis develops at the cellular and molecular levels and explore specific targeted therapies for these pathogenic mechanisms. It is now generally accepted that renal fibrosis is a pathological transition mediated by extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition, abnormal activation of myofibroblasts, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of renal tubular epithelial cells under the regulation of TGF-β. Histone deacetylases (HDACs) appear to play an essential role in promoting renal fibrosis through non-histone epigenetic modifications. In this review, we summarize the mechanisms of renal fibrosis and the signaling pathways that might be involved in HDACs in renal fibrosis, and the specific mechanisms of action of various HDAC inhibitors (HDACi) in the anti-fibrotic process to elucidate HDACi as a novel therapeutic tool to slow down the progression of renal fibrosis.
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Sim I, Jang J, Song J, Lee J, Lim H, Lee HJ, Hwang G, Kwon YV, Lee D, Yoon Y. Paeonia lactiflora extract improves the muscle function of mdx mice, an animal model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy, via downregulating the high mobility group box 1 protein. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 289:115079. [PMID: 35149132 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Paeonia lactiflora Pall. is an ethnopharmacological medicine with a long history of human use for treating various inflammatory diseases in many Asian countries. AIM OF THE STUDY Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is an X-linked degenerative muscle disease affecting 1 in 3500 males and is characterized by severe muscle inflammation and a progressive decline in muscle function. This study aimed to elucidate the effects of an ethanol extract of the root of Paeonia lactiflora Pall. (PL) on the muscle function in the muscular dystrophy X-linked (mdx) mouse, the most commonly used animal model of DMD. MATERIALS AND METHODS Male mdx mice and wild-type controls aged 5 weeks were orally treated with PL for 4 weeks. The corticosteroid prednisolone was used as a comparator drug. Muscle strength and motor coordination were assessed via the grip-strength and rotarod tests, respectively. Muscle damage was evaluated via histological examination and assessment of plasma creatine-kinase activity. Proteomic analyses were conducted to identify the muscle proteins whose levels were significantly affected by PL (ProteomeXchange identifier: PXD028886). Muscle and plasma levels of these proteins, and their corresponding mRNAs were measured using western blotting and ELISA, and quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, respectively. RESULTS The muscle strength and motor coordination of mdx mice were significantly increased by the oral treatment of PL. PL significantly reduced the histological muscle damage and plasma creatine-kinase activity. Proteomic analyses of the muscle showed that PL significantly downregulated the high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) protein and Toll-like receptor (TLR) 4, thus suppressing the HMGB1-TLR4-NF-κB signaling, in the muscle of mdx mice. Consequently, the muscle levels of proinflammatory cytokines/chemokines, which play crucial roles in inflammation, were downregulated. CONCLUSION PL improves the muscle function and reduces the muscle damage in mdx mice via suppressing the HMGB1-TLR4-NF-κB signaling and downregulating proinflammatory cytokines/chemokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inae Sim
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jaewoong Jang
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jaewon Song
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jongkyu Lee
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyemi Lim
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyun Jung Lee
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Gyusik Hwang
- Research Center, EBIOGEN Inc., #405, Sungsu A1 Center, 48 Ttukseom-ro 17-ga-gil, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, 04785, Republic of Korea.
| | - Young V Kwon
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific St, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.
| | - Doheon Lee
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea; Bio-Synergy Research Center, 291 Daehak-ro, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yoosik Yoon
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea; Bio-Synergy Research Center, 291 Daehak-ro, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.
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