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Vimalraj S, Govindarajan D, Sudhakar S, Suresh R, Palanivel P, Sekaran S. Chitosan derived chito-oligosaccharides promote osteoblast differentiation and offer anti-osteoporotic potential: Molecular and morphological evidence from a zebrafish model. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 259:129250. [PMID: 38199551 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
This study delves into the potential of chito-oligosaccharides (COS) to promote osteoblast differentiation and prevent osteoporosis, utilizing experiments with mouse MSCs and the zebrafish model. The preliminary biocompatibility study affirms the non-toxic nature of COS across various concentrations. In the osteoblast differentiation study, COS enhances ALP activity and calcium deposition at the cellular level. Moreover, COS induces the upregulation of molecular markers, including Runx2, Type I collagen, ALP, osteocalcin, and osteonectin in mouse MSCs. Zebrafish studies further demonstrate COS's anti-osteoporotic effects, showcasing its ability to expedite fin fracture repair, vertebral mineralization, and bone mineralization in dexamethasone-induced osteoporosis models. The scale regenerative study reveals that COS mitigates the detrimental effects of dexamethasone induced osteoclastic activity, reducing TRAP and hydroxyproline levels while elevating the expression of Runx2a MASNA isoform, collagen2α, OC, and ON mRNAs. Additionally, COS enhances calcium and phosphorus levels in regenerated scales, impacting the bone-healthy calcium-to‑phosphorus ratio. The study also suggests that COS modulates the MMP3-Osteopontin-MAPK signaling pathway. Overall, this comprehensive investigation underscores the potential of COS to prevent and treat osteoporosis. Its multifaceted cellular and molecular effects, combined with in vivo bone regeneration and repair, propose that COS may be effective in addressing osteoporosis and related bone disorders. Nonetheless, further research is imperative to unravel underlying mechanisms and optimize clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selvaraj Vimalraj
- Department of Applied Mechanics and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Chennai 600 036, Tamil Nadu, India; Department of Prosthodontics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Science (SIMATS), Saveetha University, Chennai 600 077, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Dharunya Govindarajan
- Department of Biotechnology, Stem Cell and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Bhupat & Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology, Madras, Chennai 600 036, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Swathi Sudhakar
- Department of Applied Mechanics and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Chennai 600 036, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Renugaa Suresh
- Department of Applied Mechanics and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Chennai 600 036, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Saravanan Sekaran
- Department of Prosthodontics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Science (SIMATS), Saveetha University, Chennai 600 077, Tamil Nadu, India
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Hashwin Singh TS, Jashwin Singh TS, Chin KY. Effects of Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate on Bone Quality beyond Bone Density-A Scoping Review of the Literature. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:146. [PMID: 38399361 PMCID: PMC10891525 DOI: 10.3390/ph17020146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) is a widely used pharmacological agent for the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus infection. While prolonged exposure to TDF has been associated with a decrease in bone mineral density (BMD) and increased fracture risk, limited discussion exists on its effects on various aspects of bone quality. This scoping review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the impact of TDF on bone quality beyond BMD. A literature search was conducted using the PubMed and Scopus databases to identify studies investigating the effects of TDF on bone quality. Original research articles written in English, irrespective of study type or publication year, were included in the review. Seven articles met the inclusion criteria. Findings indicate that prolonged exposure to TDF adversely affects bone microarchitecture and strength, impeding fracture healing and skeletal microdamage repair. The observed effects suggest a complex interplay involving bone cell signalling, cytokines and bone remodelling processes as potential mechanisms underlying TDF's impact on bone quality. As a conclusion, TDF impairs bone remodelling and microarchitecture by influencing dynamic bone cell behaviour and signalling pathways. Future studies should delve deeper into understanding the intricate negative effects of TDF on bone and explore strategies for reversing these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kok-Yong Chin
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras 56000, Malaysia; (T.S.H.S.); (T.S.J.S.)
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Malafaia G. Instigating reflections on methodological and analytical rigor in ecotoxicological studies based on the research by Rosales-Pérez et al. (2022). CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 309:136555. [PMID: 36191770 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme Malafaia
- Laboratory of Toxicology Applied to the Environment, Goiano Federal Institute, Urutaí, GO, Brazil; Post-Graduation Program in Conservation of Cerrado Natural Resources, Goiano Federal Institute, Urutaí, GO, Brazil; Post-Graduation Program in Ecology, Conservation, and Biodiversity, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil; Post-Graduation Program in Biotechnology and Biodiversity, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil.
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Olali AZ, Carpenter KA, Myers M, Sharma A, Yin MT, Al-Harthi L, Ross RD. Bone Quality in Relation to HIV and Antiretroviral Drugs. Curr HIV/AIDS Rep 2022; 19:312-327. [PMID: 35726043 DOI: 10.1007/s11904-022-00613-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW People living with HIV (PLWH) are at an increased risk for osteoporosis, a disease defined by the loss of bone mineral density (BMD) and deterioration of bone quality, both of which independently contribute to an increased risk of skeletal fractures. While there is an emerging body of literature focusing on the factors that contribute to BMD loss in PLWH, the contribution of these factors to bone quality changes are less understood. The current review summarizes and critically reviews the data describing the effects of HIV, HIV disease-related factors, and antiretroviral drugs (ARVs) on bone quality. RECENT FINDINGS The increased availability of high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography has confirmed that both HIV infection and ARVs negatively affect bone architecture. There is considerably less data on their effects on bone remodeling or the composition of bone matrix. Whether changes in bone quality independently predict fracture risk, as seen in HIV-uninfected populations, is largely unknown. The available data suggests that bone quality deterioration occurs in PLWH. Future studies are needed to define which factors, viral or ARVs, contribute to loss of bone quality and which bone quality factors are most associated with increased fracture risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnold Z Olali
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA.,Microbial Pathogens and Immunity, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Kelsey A Carpenter
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Maria Myers
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Michael T Yin
- Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lena Al-Harthi
- Microbial Pathogens and Immunity, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ryan D Ross
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA. .,Microbial Pathogens and Immunity, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA.
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Lektemur Alpan A, Torumtay Cin G, Özmen Ö, Doğan MF, Şahin Y. Evaluation of the Effects of Favipiravir Combined with Vitamin C on Alveolar Bone in Rats. J EVOL BIOCHEM PHYS+ 2022; 58:430-440. [PMID: 35599639 PMCID: PMC9109666 DOI: 10.1134/s0022093022020119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Favipiravir
and Vitamin C (Vit C) were used together in the treatment of the COVID-19
pandemic. However, the effects of favipiravir on the periodontium
are still unknown. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate
the effects of Favipiravir and Vit C treatment on alveolar bone
metabolism. Experimental: Fifty
healthy adult male Sprague-Dawley rats (2–3 months old) were randomly
divided into five equal groups (n =
10): Control, Favi 20, Favi 100, Favi 20+Vit C, Favi 100+Vit C.
Favipiravir (20 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg, i.m.)
and Vit C (150 mg/kg/day, oral) were administered to the rats for
14 days. Alveolar bone loss (ABL) and histopathological changes
were examined using a light microscope. Immunohistochemistry was
used to determine levels of receptor activator of nuclear factor
kappa-B ligand (RANKL), caspase-3, bone morphogenic protein 2 (BMP-2)
and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in the bone tissues. Results: Favipiravir increased the
levels of RANKL and caspase-3 expression but decreased BMP-2 and ALP
levels in a dose-dependent manner. Favi 20+Vit C and Favi 100 +Vit
C groups showed decreased RANKL and caspase-3 levels in addition
to increased BMP-2 and ALP levels. Conclusion: Favipiravir
can cause histopathological damage to the periodontium, but administration
of favipiravir combined with Vit C can provide a protective effect
against this damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Lektemur Alpan
- Department of Periodontology,
Faculty of Dentistry, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey
| | - G. Torumtay Cin
- Department of Periodontology,
Faculty of Dentistry, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey
| | - Ö. Özmen
- Department of Pathology, Faculty
of Veterinary Medicine, Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Burdur, Turkey
| | - M. F. Doğan
- Department of Pharmacology,
Faculty of Medicine, University of Pamukkale, Denizli, Turkey
| | - Y. Şahin
- Department of Pharmacology,
Faculty of Medicine, University of Pamukkale, Denizli, Turkey
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Giacomet V, Maruca K, Ambrosi A, Zuccotti GV, Mora S. A 10-year follow-up of bone mineral density in HIV-infected youths receiving tenofovir disoproxil fumarate. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2017; 50:365-370. [PMID: 28689877 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2017.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Revised: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) has simplified the antiretroviral regimen for HIV-infected patients and improved their compliance with treatment, but it has been associated with decreased bone mineral density (BMD) in adult patients, and data in pediatric patients are debated. The aim of the current study was to assess the long-term effect of TDF on BMD in young patients. METHODS BMD was measured at the lumbar spine and in the whole skeleton in 26 HIV-infected youths (13 female and 13 male, aged 5 to 17 years at baseline). BMD was measured yearly for 10 years as part of standard care. BMD changes were compared with those calculated from 202 healthy subjects aged 3 to 24 years. FINDINGS All patients had good control of the infection during the 10-year study. BMD measurements changed significantly (P <0 ⋅ 0001) in HIV-infected youths. The mean annual BMD increment at the lumbar spine was 0 ⋅ 046 (0 ⋅ 006) g/cm2 and 0 ⋅ 042 (0 ⋅ 006) g/cm2 in males and females, respectively. The differences between the slopes of patients and healthy controls were not significant. The annual BMD increment of the whole skeleton was 0 ⋅ 030 (0 ⋅ 005) g/cm2 in males and 0 ⋅ 019 (0 ⋅ 004) g/cm2 in females. The slopes of BMD changes of patients and healthy controls did not differ significantly. INTERPRETATION These data indicate that treatment with a TDF-containing antiretroviral regimen does not impair BMD in young patients with HIV-infection. Larger studies are needed to confirm these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vania Giacomet
- Pediatric Infectivology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, L. Sacco Hospital, Via G.B. Grassi 74, Milan, Italy
| | - Katia Maruca
- Laboratory of Pediatric Endocrinology, Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 60, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Gian Vincenzo Zuccotti
- Pediatric Infectivology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, L. Sacco Hospital, Via G.B. Grassi 74, Milan, Italy; Department of Pediatrics, Ospedale dei Bambini V. Buzzi, University of Milan, Via L. Castelvetro, 32, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Mora
- Laboratory of Pediatric Endocrinology, Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 60, Milan, Italy.
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