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Ding Y, Zhang P, Deng T, Yan X, Zhang M, Xie Z, Huang G, Wang P, Cai T, Zhang X, Xiao X, Xia Y, Liu B, Peng Y, Tang X, Hu M, Xiao Y, Li X, Clercq ED, Li G, Zhou Z. Association of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) footprints with the comorbidity of latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection: A multicenter cross-sectional study. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2024; 18:102939. [PMID: 38181721 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2023.102939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
AIMS This study aims to investigate the interplay between hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and major forms of diabetes: type 1 diabetes (T1D), type 2 diabetes (T2D), and latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA). METHODS This multicenter study analyzed a cohort of 2699 diabetic and 7344 non-diabetic subjects who visited medical centers in China from 2014 to 2021. T1D, T2D, LADA, and HCV were diagnosed using standard procedures. High-throughput sequencing was conducted to identify genetic footprints of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) alleles and haplotypes at the DRB1, DQA1, and DQB1 loci. RESULTS HCV infection was detected in 3 % (23/766) of LADA patients, followed by 1.5 % (15/977) of T2D patients, 1.4 % (13/926) of T1D patients, and 0.5 % (38/7344) of non-diabetic individuals. HCV prevalence was significantly higher in people with diabetes than in non-diabetic individuals (p < 0.01). HLA alleles (DQB1*060101, DQB1*040101) and haplotypes (DRB1*080302-DQA1*010301-DQB1*060101) in LADA patients with HCV revealed higher frequencies than in LADA patients without HCV (adjusted p < 0.03). Furthermore, a higher risk of diabetes complications was found among LADA patients with HCV infection (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS LADA patients are susceptible to HCV infection, potentially associated with certain HLA alleles/haplotypes. Early diagnosis and treatment of HCV infection among people with diabetes are important for the management of severe complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujin Ding
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology (Ministry of Education), Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Pan Zhang
- Xiangya School of Public Health, Hunan Children's Hospital Affiliated with The Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Tuo Deng
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology (Ministry of Education), Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiang Yan
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology (Ministry of Education), Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhiguo Xie
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology (Ministry of Education), Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Gan Huang
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology (Ministry of Education), Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ping Wang
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology (Ministry of Education), Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ting Cai
- Xiangya School of Public Health, Hunan Children's Hospital Affiliated with The Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaoli Zhang
- Institute of Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Xinqiang Xiao
- Department of Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ying Xia
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology (Ministry of Education), Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Bingwen Liu
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology (Ministry of Education), Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ya Peng
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology (Ministry of Education), Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaohan Tang
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology (Ministry of Education), Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Min Hu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yang Xiao
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology (Ministry of Education), Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xia Li
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology (Ministry of Education), Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Erik De Clercq
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Guangdi Li
- Xiangya School of Public Health, Hunan Children's Hospital Affiliated with The Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China.
| | - Zhiguang Zhou
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology (Ministry of Education), Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.
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Breitinger U, Sedky CA, Sticht H, Breitinger HG. Patch-clamp studies and cell viability assays suggest a distinct site for viroporin inhibitors on the E protein of SARS-CoV-2. Virol J 2023; 20:142. [PMID: 37422646 PMCID: PMC10329798 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-023-02095-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND SARS-CoV-2 has caused a worldwide pandemic since December 2019 and the search for pharmaceutical targets against COVID-19 remains an important challenge. Here, we studied the envelope protein E of SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2, a highly conserved 75-76 amino acid viroporin that is crucial for virus assembly and release. E protein channels were recombinantly expressed in HEK293 cells, a membrane-directing signal peptide ensured transfer to the plasma membrane. METHODS Viroporin channel activity of both E proteins was investigated using patch-clamp electrophysiology in combination with a cell viability assay. We verified inhibition by classical viroporin inhibitors amantadine, rimantadine and 5-(N,N-hexamethylene)-amiloride, and tested four ivermectin derivatives. RESULTS Classical inhibitors showed potent activity in patch-clamp recordings and viability assays. In contrast, ivermectin and milbemycin inhibited the E channel in patch-clamp recordings but displayed only moderate activity on the E protein in the cell viability assay, which is also sensitive to general cytotoxic activity of the tested compounds. Nemadectin and ivermectin aglycon were inactive. All ivermectin derivatives were cytotoxic at concentrations > 5 µM, i.e. below the level required for E protein inhibition. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates direct inhibition of the SARS-CoV-2 E protein by classical viroporin inhibitors. Ivermectin and milbemycin inhibit the E protein channel but their cytotoxicity argues against clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrike Breitinger
- Department of Biochemistry, German University in Cairo, Main Entrance of Al Tagamoa Al Khames, New Cairo, 11835, Egypt.
| | - Christine Adel Sedky
- Department of Biochemistry, German University in Cairo, Main Entrance of Al Tagamoa Al Khames, New Cairo, 11835, Egypt
| | - Heinrich Sticht
- Division of Bioinformatics, Institute for Biochemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Hans-Georg Breitinger
- Department of Biochemistry, German University in Cairo, Main Entrance of Al Tagamoa Al Khames, New Cairo, 11835, Egypt
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3
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A Rahman NA, Balasubramaniam VRMT, Yap WB. Potential of Interleukin (IL)-12 Group as Antivirals: Severe Viral Disease Prevention and Management. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087350. [PMID: 37108513 PMCID: PMC10138811 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The interleukin (IL)-12 family consists of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines that are able to signal the activation of host antiviral immunity while preventing over-reactive immune reactions due to active virus replication and viral clearance. Amongst others, IL-12 and IL-23 are produced and released by innate immune cells such as monocytes and macrophages to signal the proliferation of T cells and release of effector cytokines, which subsequently activate host defence against virus infections. Interestingly, the dualities of IL-27 and -35 are evidently shown in the course of virus infections; they regulate the synthesis of cytokines and antiviral molecules, proliferation of T cells, and viral antigen presentation in order to maximize virus clearance by the host immune system. In terms of anti-inflammatory reactions, IL-27 signals the formation of regulatory T cells (Treg) which in turn secrete IL-35 to control the scale of inflammatory response that takes place during virus infections. Given the multitasking of the IL-12 family in regards to the elimination of virus infections, its potential in antiviral therapy is unequivocally important. Thus, this work aims to delve deeper into the antiviral actions of the IL-12 family and their applications in antiviral therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Azizah A Rahman
- Center for Toxicology and Health Risk Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia
| | - Vinod R M T Balasubramaniam
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine & Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway 46150, Malaysia
| | - Wei Boon Yap
- Center for Toxicology and Health Risk Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia
- Biomedical Science Program, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia
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Alhetheel AF. Impact of Hepatitis C Virus Infection of Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells on the Immune System. FRONTIERS IN VIROLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fviro.2021.810231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Hepatitis C is a worldwide liver disease caused by hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. The virus causes acute and chronic liver inflammation, and it is transmitted mainly by exposure to contaminated blood. HCV is capable of infecting hepatocytes and peripheral blood mononuclear cells, causing complications and disease progression. This mini review provides an overview of HCV infection, including details on the virological aspects, infection of the immune cells, and its impact on the immune system.
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Braz AMM, Winckler FC, Binelli LS, Chimeno LG, Lopes LBM, Lima RS, Simões RP, Grotto RMT, Golim MDA, Silva GF. Inflammation response and liver stiffness: predictive model of regression of hepatic stiffness after sustained virological response in cirrhotics patients with chronic hepatitis C. Clin Exp Med 2021; 21:587-597. [PMID: 33835323 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-021-00708-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cirrhotic patients with chronic hepatitis C should be monitored for the evaluation of liver function and screening of hepatocellular carcinoma even after sustained virological response (SVR). The stage of inflammatory resolution and regression of fibrosis is likely to happen, once treatment and viral clearance are achieved. However, liver examinations by elastography show that 30-40% of patients do not exhibit a reduction of liver stiffness. This work was a cohort study in cirrhotic patients whose purpose was to identify immunological factors involved in the regression of liver stiffness in chronic hepatitis C and characterize possible serum biomarkers with prognostic value. The sample universe consisted of 31 cirrhotic patients who underwent leukocyte immunophenotyping, quantification of cytokines/chemokines and metalloproteinase inhibitors in the pretreatment (M1) and in the evaluation of SVR (M2). After exclusion criteria application, 16 patients included were once more evaluated in M3 (like M1) and classified into regressors (R) or non-regressors (NR), decrease or not ≥ 25% stiffness, respectively. The results from ROC curve, machine learning (ML) and linear discriminant analysis showed that TCD4 + lymphocytes (absolute) are the most important biomarkers for the prediction of the regression (AUC = 0.90). NR patients presented levels less than R of liver stiffness since baseline, whereas NK cells were increased in NR. Therefore, it was concluded that there is a difference in the profile of circulating immune cells in R and NR, thus allowing the development of a predictive model of regression of liver stiffness after SVR. These findings should be validated in greater numbers of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Márcia Marques Braz
- Graduate Program in Pathophysiology in Clinical Medicine, Department of Clinical Medicine, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu Medical School, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
- Flow Cytometry Laboratory, Applied Biotechnology Laboratory - LBA, Clinical Hospital of Botucatu Medical School, Av. Prof. Mário Rubens Guimarães Montenegro, s/n, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Cristina Winckler
- Graduate Program in Pathophysiology in Clinical Medicine, Department of Clinical Medicine, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu Medical School, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Larissa Sarri Binelli
- Flow Cytometry Laboratory, Applied Biotechnology Laboratory - LBA, Clinical Hospital of Botucatu Medical School, Av. Prof. Mário Rubens Guimarães Montenegro, s/n, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luis Guilherme Chimeno
- Flow Cytometry Laboratory, Applied Biotechnology Laboratory - LBA, Clinical Hospital of Botucatu Medical School, Av. Prof. Mário Rubens Guimarães Montenegro, s/n, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Research and Development (Medical Biotechnology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu Medical School, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lia Beatriz Mantovani Lopes
- Flow Cytometry Laboratory, Applied Biotechnology Laboratory - LBA, Clinical Hospital of Botucatu Medical School, Av. Prof. Mário Rubens Guimarães Montenegro, s/n, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Research and Development (Medical Biotechnology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu Medical School, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Santos Lima
- Graduate Program in Pathology, Department of Pathology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu Medical School, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rafael Plana Simões
- Graduate Program in Research and Development (Medical Biotechnology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu Medical School, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Faculty of Agronomic Sciences, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rejane Maria Tommasini Grotto
- Graduate Program in Research and Development (Medical Biotechnology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu Medical School, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Pathology, Department of Pathology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu Medical School, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Faculty of Agronomic Sciences, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Applied Biotechnology Laboratory - LBA, Clinical Hospital of Botucatu Medical School, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marjorie de Assis Golim
- Flow Cytometry Laboratory, Applied Biotechnology Laboratory - LBA, Clinical Hospital of Botucatu Medical School, Av. Prof. Mário Rubens Guimarães Montenegro, s/n, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil.
- Graduate Program in Research and Development (Medical Biotechnology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu Medical School, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Giovanni Faria Silva
- Graduate Program in Pathophysiology in Clinical Medicine, Department of Clinical Medicine, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu Medical School, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Research and Development (Medical Biotechnology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu Medical School, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
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Naga IS, Kamel AAF, Ooda SA, Elbab HMF, El-Sharkawy RM. Effect of directly acting anti-viral agents on immunological imprints in chronic HCV-4a patients: interleukin-10 and vascular endothelial growth factor genes expression level. EGYPTIAN LIVER JOURNAL 2021. [DOI: 10.1186/s43066-021-00108-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Hepatitis C virus infection is a global health challenge with Egypt being one of the highly affected countries. IL-10 has been suggested as a suitable marker to assess necroinflammation and to monitor the progression of liver damage. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a potent angiogenic factor playing a central role in many physiological as well as pathological processes. Several factors can be predictive of the response to treatment and achievement of SVR; some of which are host-related, and others are virus-related. The gene expression of IL-10 and VEGF have multiple effects for treatment response. The aim of the present work was to study the effect of treatment with directly acting agents (DAA) on the expression of VEGF and IL-10 genes in chronic hepatitis C virus-infected Egyptian genotype-4a patients. Twenty-five HCV subjects where evaluated for IL-10 and VEGF gene expression before and after treatment with DAA.
Results
IL-10 expression was downregulated in 92% of the cases. VEGF expression was heterogeneous showing spreading of values along a wide range with 64% of the cases being downregulated.
Conclusion
DAAs do not completely reverse the immunological imprints established upon chronic HCV infection.
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Pereira FM, Ramos PIP, Lirio M, Mercês Atta A, Silva de Oliveira I, Nascimento FCV, Silva MC, Galvão-Castro B, Rios Grassi MF. Evaluation of the Inflammatory Cytokines and IL-10 Network in Individuals Co-infected With Human T-Cell Lymphotropic Virus and Hepatitis C Virus (HTLV/HCV). Front Microbiol 2021; 12:632695. [PMID: 33717024 PMCID: PMC7953037 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.632695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Co-infection between the human T-cell lymphotropic virus (HTLV) and the hepatitis C virus (HCV) can modify the natural history of HCV infection. The aim of this study was to describe the inflammatory cytokines and IL-10 network in patients co-infected with HTLV and HCV viruses in Bahia, Brazil. Methods Samples from 31 HTLV/HCV co-infected individuals and 27 HCV monoinfected individuals were evaluated. IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-10, IL-8, and IL-1 cytokines were quantified by ELISA. Clinical, laboratory data were obtained from patient records. Serum levels of the cytokines were log10-transformed and data mining was performed using Z-score statistics and correlation analysis. Results Co-infected individuals presented a tendency toward higher production of INF-γ compared to the HCV monoinfected group. Regarding cytokine pairs, there was a positive correlation (P-value < 0.05) between IL-1 and IL-8 in the HTLV/HCV co-infected group and uninfected controls, and two correlations in the HCV mono-infected group IL-8 – IL10 and IL- INF-γ – IL-10 pairs. There was no significant difference between the groups for the other parameters analyzed. Conclusion The results presented herein indicated that HTLV/HCV co-infection was associated with a trend in IFN-γ production while HCV-infected individuals presented a positive correlation with both inflammatory cytokines (IL-8 and IFN-γ) and the regulatory cytokine IL-10.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felicidade Mota Pereira
- Laboratório Avançado de Saúde Pública, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Brazil.,Laboratório Central de Saúde Pública Prof. Gonçalo Moniz - Secretaria da Saúde do Estado da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Pablo Ivan Pereira Ramos
- Centro de Integração de Dados e Conhecimentos para Saúde - CIDACS, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Monique Lirio
- Laboratório Avançado de Saúde Pública, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Ajax Mercês Atta
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Maria Fernanda Rios Grassi
- Laboratório Avançado de Saúde Pública, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Brazil.,Escola Bahiana de Medicina e Saúde Pública, Salvador, Brazil
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Optimized Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) E2 Glycoproteins and their Immunogenicity in Combination with MVA-HCV. Vaccines (Basel) 2020; 8:vaccines8030440. [PMID: 32764419 PMCID: PMC7563715 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines8030440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) represents a major global health challenge and an efficient vaccine is urgently needed. Many HCV vaccination strategies employ recombinant versions of the viral E2 glycoprotein. However, recombinant E2 readily forms disulfide-bonded aggregates that might not be optimally suited for vaccines. Therefore, we have designed an E2 protein in which we strategically changed eight cysteines to alanines (E2.C8A). E2.C8A formed predominantly monomers and virtually no aggregates. Furthermore, E2.C8A also interacted more efficiently with broadly neutralizing antibodies than conventional E2. We used mice to evaluate different prime/boost immunization strategies involving a modified vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA) expressing the nearly full-length genome of HCV (MVA-HCV) in combination with either the E2 aggregates or the E2.C8A monomers. The combined MVA-HCV/E2 aggregates prime/boost strategy markedly enhanced HCV-specific effector memory CD4+ T cell responses and antibody levels compared to MVA-HCV/MVA-HCV. Moreover, the aggregated form of E2 induced higher levels of anti-E2 antibodies in vaccinated mice than E2.C8A monomers. These antibodies were cross-reactive and mainly of the IgG1 isotype. Our findings revealed how two E2 viral proteins that differ in their capacity to form aggregates are able to enhance to different extent the HCV-specific cellular and humoral immune responses, either alone or in combination with MVA-HCV. These combined protocols of MVA-HCV/E2 could serve as a basis for the development of a more effective HCV vaccine.
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Virzì A, Roca Suarez AA, Baumert TF, Lupberger J. Rewiring Host Signaling: Hepatitis C Virus in Liver Pathogenesis. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2020; 10:cshperspect.a037366. [PMID: 31501266 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a037366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a major cause of liver disease including metabolic disease, fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). HCV induces and promotes liver disease progression by perturbing a range of survival, proliferative, and metabolic pathways within the proinflammatory cellular microenvironment. The recent breakthrough in antiviral therapy using direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) can cure >90% of HCV patients. However, viral cure cannot fully eliminate the HCC risk, especially in patients with advanced liver disease or comorbidities. HCV induces an epigenetic viral footprint that promotes a pro-oncogenic hepatic signature, which persists after DAA cure. In this review, we summarize the main signaling pathways deregulated by HCV infection, with potential impact on liver pathogenesis. HCV-induced persistent signaling patterns may serve as biomarkers for the stratification of HCV-cured patients at high risk of developing HCC. Moreover, these signaling pathways are potential targets for novel chemopreventive strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Virzì
- Inserm, U1110, Institut de Recherche sur les Maladies Virales et Hépatiques, 67000 Strasbourg, France.,Université de Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Armando Andres Roca Suarez
- Inserm, U1110, Institut de Recherche sur les Maladies Virales et Hépatiques, 67000 Strasbourg, France.,Université de Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Thomas F Baumert
- Inserm, U1110, Institut de Recherche sur les Maladies Virales et Hépatiques, 67000 Strasbourg, France.,Université de Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France.,Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire, Pôle Hépato-digestif, Nouvel Hôpital Civil, 67000 Strasbourg, France.,Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), 75231 Paris, France
| | - Joachim Lupberger
- Inserm, U1110, Institut de Recherche sur les Maladies Virales et Hépatiques, 67000 Strasbourg, France.,Université de Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France
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Winckler FC, Braz AMM, Silva VND, Golim MDA, Andrade VGD, Machado PEDA, Silveira LVDA, Silva GF. Influence of the inflammatory response on treatment of hepatitis C with triple therapy. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 2019; 51:731-736. [PMID: 30517525 DOI: 10.1590/0037-8682-0137-2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Chronic hepatitis C is a leading cause of liver disease. Infection triggers an immediate immune response in the host that is mediated by humoral/cellular mechanisms. T cells respond to infection via secretion of cytokines, which inhibit or stimulate one another, leading to cytokine imbalance and ultimately affecting treatment. Studies using interferon (IFN) and ribavirin (RBV) showed that TCD8+ cells and cytokine levels are associated with sustainable virological response (SVR). However, studies that investigated the effects of triple therapy (TT) are limited. METHODS The study included hepatitis C virus (HCV)+ RNA, naives, genotype 1, ≥18 years, and advanced fibrosis (F≥3) patients. Samples were collected at baseline and after 12 weeks (W12) of TT. Six cytokines were analyzed by flow cytometry. RESULTS Of 31 patients, four were excluded (two deaths, one interrupted TT, and one F2 patient). Of the 27 remaining patients, 21 (78%) were cirrhotic. SVR was achieved in 63% of the patients. The patients had a mean age of 55.11 ± 10.03 years. Analyses at baseline showed that the chemokine CCL5/Regulated on Activation, Normal T Cell Expressed and Secreted (RANTES) (p=0.04) and interleukin (IL)-6 (p=0.02), which was associated with SVR. RANTES (p=0.04) and IL-8 (p=0.01) levels were associated with SVR at W12. CONCLUSIONS Similar to patterns observed during double therapy, IL-6, IL-8, and RANTES levels were associated with SVR in TT, indicating the potential role of interferon in immune response to hepatitis C virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Cristina Winckler
- Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP, Brasil
| | - Aline Marcia Marques Braz
- Laboratório de Citometria de Fluxo, Hemocentro, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP, Brasil
| | - Vanessa Nogueira da Silva
- Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP, Brasil
| | - Marjorie de Assis Golim
- Laboratório de Citometria de Fluxo, Hemocentro, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP, Brasil
| | - Vanessa Gutierrez de Andrade
- Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP, Brasil
| | - Paulo Eduardo de Abreu Machado
- Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP, Brasil.,Laboratório de Citometria de Fluxo, Hemocentro, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP, Brasil
| | | | - Giovanni Faria Silva
- Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP, Brasil
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Benkheil M, Van Haele M, Roskams T, Laporte M, Noppen S, Abbasi K, Delang L, Neyts J, Liekens S. CCL20, a direct-acting pro-angiogenic chemokine induced by hepatitis C virus (HCV): Potential role in HCV-related liver cancer. Exp Cell Res 2018; 372:168-177. [PMID: 30287142 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2018.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Revised: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The CCL20/CCR6 chemokine/receptor axis has previously been shown to contribute to the initiation and progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) through the recruitment of CCR6-positive leukocytes to the tumor microenvironment. In particular, high serum levels of CCL20 are reported in patients with HCC induced by the hepatitis C virus (HCV). A potential non-immune role for the CCL20/CCR6 axis in HCC development has not yet been investigated. Microarray analysis (Benkheil et al., paper submitted for publication), revealed that CCL20 is highly upregulated in hepatoma cells infected with HCV compared with non-infected hepatoma cells. To determine the role of the CCL20/CCR6 axis in HCV-related HCC, we first explored which cell populations express CCR6 in human liver tissue with chronic disease or HCC. Immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis revealed that CCR6 is present on endothelial cells (ECs) of portal blood vessels in livers with chronic HCV infection and in HCV- and alcoholic-HCC tissue. In addition, we found CCR6 to be expressed on primary macrovascular (HUVECs) and microvascular ECs (HMVEC-ds) where it co-expressed with the endothelial marker CD31. In vitro angiogenesis experiments revealed that CCL20 is a direct pro-angiogenic molecule that induces EC invasion, sprouting and migration through CCR6. Moreover, using the angiogenesis matrigel plug assay in immunodeficient NMRI-nu mice, we clearly showed that CCL20 induces blood vessel formation, by attracting CCR6-positive ECs. Finally, we demonstrated that HCV-induced CCL20 protein expression and secretion in hepatoma cells could be abolished by antiviral treatment, indicating that CCL20 expression is dependent on HCV replication. In contrast to HCV, HBV-infection resulted in a decreased expression of CCL20, implying a virus-specific effect. Taken together, we identified HCV-induced CCL20 as a direct pro-angiogenic factor that acts on endothelial CCR6. These results suggest that the CCL20/CCR6 axis contributes to hepatic angiogenesis, promoting the hypervascular state of HCV-HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Benkheil
- Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Rega Institute for Medical Research, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Belgium.
| | - Matthias Van Haele
- Translational Cell & Tissue Research, Department of Imaging & Pathology, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Belgium
| | - Tania Roskams
- Translational Cell & Tissue Research, Department of Imaging & Pathology, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Belgium
| | - Manon Laporte
- Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Rega Institute for Medical Research, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Belgium
| | - Sam Noppen
- Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Rega Institute for Medical Research, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Belgium
| | - Kayvan Abbasi
- Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Rega Institute for Medical Research, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Belgium
| | - Leen Delang
- Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Rega Institute for Medical Research, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Belgium
| | - Johan Neyts
- Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Rega Institute for Medical Research, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Belgium
| | - Sandra Liekens
- Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Rega Institute for Medical Research, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Belgium
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12
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Groepper C, Rufinatscha K, Schröder N, Stindt S, Ehlting C, Albrecht U, Bock HH, Bartenschlager R, Häussinger D, Bode JG. HCV modifies EGF signalling and upregulates production of CXCR2 ligands: Role in inflammation and antiviral immune response. J Hepatol 2018; 69:594-602. [PMID: 29705238 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2018.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Revised: 04/07/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS To affect immune response and inflammation, the hepatitis C virus (HCV) substantially influences intercellular communication pathways that are decisive for immune cell recruitment. The present study investigates mechanisms by which HCV modulates chemokine-mediated intercellular communication from infected cells. METHODS Chemokine expression was studied in HCVcc-infected cell lines or cell lines harbouring a subgenomic replicon, as well as in serum samples from patients. Expression or activity of mediators and signalling intermediates was manipulated using knockdown approaches or specific inhibitors. RESULTS HCV enhances expression of CXCR2 ligands in its host cell via the induction of epidermal growth factor (EGF) production. Knockdown of EGF or of the p65 subunit of the NF-κB complex results in a substantial downregulation of HCV-induced CXCR2 ligand expression, supporting the involvement of an EGF-dependent mechanism as well as activation of NF-κB. Furthermore, HCV upregulates expression of CXCR2 ligands in response to EGF stimulation via downregulation of the T-cell protein tyrosine phosphatase (TC-PTP [PTPN2]), activation of NF-κB, and enhancement of EGF-inducible signal transduction via MEK1 (MAP2K1). This results in the production of a cytokine/chemokine pattern by the HCV-infected cell that can recruit neutrophils but not monocytes. CONCLUSIONS These data reveal a novel EGF-dependent mechanism by which HCV influences chemokine-mediated intercellular communication. We propose that this mechanism contributes to modulation of the HCV-induced inflammation and the antiviral immune response. LAY SUMMARY In most cases hepatitis C virus (HCV) results in chronic infection and persistent viral replication, taking decades until development of overt disease. To achieve such a course, the respective virus must have developed mechanisms to circumvent antiviral response, to modulate the inflammatory response and to utilise the infrastructure of its host with moderate effect on its viability. The present study provides novel data indicating that HCV induces epidermal growth factor production in its host cell, enhancing epidermal growth factor-inducible expression of chemokines that bind to the CXCR2 receptor and recruit neutrophile granulocytes. Importantly, chemokines are critical mediators determining the pattern of immune cells recruited to the site of injury and thereby the local inflammatory and immunological milieu. These data strongly suggest that HCV triggers mechanisms that enable the virus to influence the inflammatory and immunological processes of its host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Groepper
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Kerstin Rufinatscha
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Nadja Schröder
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Sabine Stindt
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Christian Ehlting
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Ute Albrecht
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Hans H Bock
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Ralf Bartenschlager
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany; Division of Virus-Associated Carcinogenesis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dieter Häussinger
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Johannes G Bode
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany.
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Obaid A, Naz A, Ikram A, Awan FM, Raza A, Ahmad J, Ali A. Model of the adaptive immune response system against HCV infection reveals potential immunomodulatory agents for combination therapy. Sci Rep 2018; 8:8874. [PMID: 29891859 PMCID: PMC5995896 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-27163-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
A regulated immune system employs multiple cell types, diverse variety of cytokines and interacting signalling networks against infections. Systems biology offers a promising solution to model and simulate such large populations of interacting components of immune systems holistically. This study focuses on the distinct components of the adaptive immune system and analysis, both individually and in association with HCV infection. The effective and failed adaptive immune response models have been developed followed by interventions/perturbations of various treatment strategies to get better assessment of the treatment responses under varying stimuli. Based on the model predictions, the NK cells, T regulatory cells, IL-10, IL-21, IL-12, IL-2 entities are found to be the most critical determinants of treatment response. The proposed potential immunomodulatory therapeutic interventions include IL-21 treatment, blocking of inhibitory receptors on T-cells and exogenous anti-IL-10 antibody treatment. The relative results showed that these interventions have differential effect on the expression levels of cellular and cytokines entities of the immune response. Notably, IL-21 enhances the expression of NK cells, Cytotoxic T lymphocytes and CD4+ T cells and hence restore the host immune potential. The models presented here provide a starting point for cost-effective analysis and more comprehensive modeling of biological phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayesha Obaid
- Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences (ASAB), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Anam Naz
- Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences (ASAB), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Aqsa Ikram
- Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences (ASAB), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Faryal Mehwish Awan
- Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences (ASAB), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Abida Raza
- National Institute of Lasers and Optronics (NILOP), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Jamil Ahmad
- Research Center for Modeling and Simulation (RCMS), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Amjad Ali
- Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences (ASAB), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan.
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14
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Salem ML, Zidan AAA, Attia M, El-Naggar RE, Nassef M, Abou El-Azm AR, El-Bate H, Yussif M, Galal S, Abo Senna M, El Demellawy M. IFN-α-based treatment of patients with chronic HCV show increased levels of cells with myeloid-derived suppressor cell phenotype and of IDO and NOS. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2017; 39:188-198. [PMID: 28472907 DOI: 10.1080/08923973.2017.1320670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection causes chronic hepatitis, which is often associated with suppressed anti-HCV immune responses. We have recently reported accumulation of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) and suppressed immunity in cancer patients. AIM The main aim of this study was to determine whether chronic HCV patients harbor high of MDSCs in general and in nonresponders to IFN-based therapy in particular as well as to analyze the immune suppressive molecules. METHODS Peripheral blood samples withdrawn from 154 patients with chronic HCV infection and were categorized into responders and nonresponders based on viral titer upon IFN-α treatment. RESULTS The relative and absolute numbers of MDSCs defined as Lin-/HLA-DR-/CD33+/CD11b+ increased in all HCV patients, where they were higher in nonresponders than in responders. Additionally, the levels of MDSCs after 4-6 months of treatment in responders were lower than during the course of treatment. The responders also showed higher levels of IL-2 coincided with increased numbers of dendritic cells (DCs), CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. The levels of total NOS and IDO were also higher in nonresponders as compared to responders and healthy controls, while the expression levels of CD3ζ was lower in responders as compared to nonresponders and healthy volunteers. CONCLUSION Chronic HCV patients harbor high numbers of MDSCs, which are higher in nonresponders than in responders. The higher numbers of MDSCs associated with increases in the suppressing factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Labib Salem
- a Zoology Department, Immunology and Biotechnology Unit, Faculty of Science , Tanta University , Tanta , Egypt
| | - Abdel-Aziz A Zidan
- b Zoology Department, Faculty of Science , Damanhour University , Damanhour , Egypt
| | - Mohamed Attia
- c Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine , Tanta University , Tanta , Egypt
| | - Randa E El-Naggar
- a Zoology Department, Immunology and Biotechnology Unit, Faculty of Science , Tanta University , Tanta , Egypt
| | - Mohamed Nassef
- a Zoology Department, Immunology and Biotechnology Unit, Faculty of Science , Tanta University , Tanta , Egypt
| | - Abdel Raouf Abou El-Azm
- d Department of Tropical Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine , Tanta University , Tanta , Egypt
| | - Hasan El-Bate
- e Department of Tropical Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine , Kafrelshheikh University , Kafr Elshheikh , Egypt
| | - Mohamed Yussif
- d Department of Tropical Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine , Tanta University , Tanta , Egypt
| | - Sohaila Galal
- a Zoology Department, Immunology and Biotechnology Unit, Faculty of Science , Tanta University , Tanta , Egypt
| | - Mohamed Abo Senna
- a Zoology Department, Immunology and Biotechnology Unit, Faculty of Science , Tanta University , Tanta , Egypt
| | - Maha El Demellawy
- f City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications , Pharmaceutical and Fermentation Industries Development Center , New Burg El Arab , Egypt
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15
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Baskic D, Vukovic VR, Popovic S, Djurdjevic P, Zaric M, Nikolic I, Zelen I, Mitrovic M, Avramovic D, Mijailovic Z. Cytokine profile in chronic hepatitis C: An observation. Cytokine 2017; 96:185-188. [PMID: 28433893 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2017.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Revised: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The data addressing cytokine profile in chronically infected HCV patients are conflicting, ranging from Th1 or Th2 cytokine prevalence to the expression of both types of cytokines. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate cytokine profile in these patients. Cytokine sera levels in HCV patients and healthy controls were evaluated using 13plex FlowCytomix Multiplex. Median values of both proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines were lower in HCV patients then in controls. In addition, the number of subjects producing detectable quantities of cytokines was significantly lower in the group of HCV patients. Yet, cytokine levels in those patients were remarkably heterogeneous ranging from low to extremely high, much higher than the maximal values in control group. Similarly, grouping data according to HCV genotype, HCV RNA load, ALT/AST ratio and the stage of fibrosis showed marked standard deviations, reflecting high intragroup diversity. No correlation was found between each disease-related factor and cytokine levels. Patients investigated in our and similar studies were disparate pursuant to characteristics of the hosts, pathogen and course of the disease. Therefore, the inconsistency of the literature data regarding cytokine pattern in chronic HCV patients may be a consequence of the disregarded/overlooked heterogeneity of these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dejan Baskic
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Svetozara Markovica 69, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia; Public Health Institute, Nikole Pasica 1, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia.
| | - Vuk R Vukovic
- Garrison Clinic, Milovana Gusica 91, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia.
| | - Suzana Popovic
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Svetozara Markovica 69, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia.
| | - Predrag Djurdjevic
- Department of Hematology, Clinical Center Kragujevac, Zmaj Jovina 30, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia.
| | - Milan Zaric
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Svetozara Markovica 69, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia.
| | - Ivana Nikolic
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Svetozara Markovica 69, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia.
| | - Ivanka Zelen
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Svetozara Markovica 69, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia.
| | - Marina Mitrovic
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Svetozara Markovica 69, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia.
| | - Dusko Avramovic
- Department of Gastroenterology, Clinical Center "Dr. Dragisa Misovic", Heroja Milana Tepica 1, 11000 Beograd, Serbia.
| | - Zeljko Mijailovic
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Clinical Center Kragujevac, Zmaj Jovina 30, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia.
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16
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Alhetheel A, Albarrag A, Shakoor Z, Alswat K, Abdo A, Al-Hamoudi W, Alomar S. Increased Spontaneous Programmed Cell Death Is Associated with Impaired Cytokine Secretion in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells from Hepatitis C Virus-Positive Patients. Viral Immunol 2017; 30:283-287. [PMID: 28304236 DOI: 10.1089/vim.2016.0166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) play a critical role in clearing hepatitis C virus (HCV). PBMC defects have been linked with HCV infection; however, the underlying mechanisms remain obscure. We hypothesized that PBMCs of HCV-infected patients are more susceptible to programmed cell death (PCD), and are therefore unable to clear HCV. We compared spontaneous PBMC PCD and cytokine [interleukin (IL)-1, -6, -8, -10, and -12] secretion between untreated (naive) HCV+ and treated [sustained responder (SR)] patients with HCV, and HCV- healthy controls. Spontaneous PBMC PCD was assessed by annexin-V fluorescein isothiocyanate/propidium iodide staining, and cytokine levels were measured by cytometric bead array. Differences between groups were analyzed through paired and nonpaired t tests and Mann-Whitney U test. The rate of spontaneous PCD was higher in PBMCs of naive HCV+ patients (p < 0.0001) and SR-HCV patients (p < 0.002) than in HCV- controls. Significantly low levels of IL-8, -6, and -10 were detected in the supernatant of cell cultures of PBMCs from naive HCV+ (p < 0.05) and SR-HCV (p < 0.05) patients relative to HCV- controls. There was no difference between the naive HCV+ and SR-HCV groups in terms of PBMC PCD rate or cytokine levels. The present findings indicate that HCV infection is associated with increased PBMC susceptibility to PCD and decreased production of IL-8, -6, and -10.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulkarim Alhetheel
- 1 King Khalid University Hospital , Riyadh, Saudi Arabia .,2 Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, King Saud University , Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Albarrag
- 1 King Khalid University Hospital , Riyadh, Saudi Arabia .,2 Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, King Saud University , Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zahid Shakoor
- 1 King Khalid University Hospital , Riyadh, Saudi Arabia .,2 Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, King Saud University , Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid Alswat
- 1 King Khalid University Hospital , Riyadh, Saudi Arabia .,3 Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University , Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ayman Abdo
- 1 King Khalid University Hospital , Riyadh, Saudi Arabia .,3 Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University , Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Waleed Al-Hamoudi
- 1 King Khalid University Hospital , Riyadh, Saudi Arabia .,3 Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University , Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Suliman Alomar
- 4 Department of Zoology, College of Sciences, King Saud University , Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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