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Lin H, Zhang L, Zhang Q, Wang Q, Wang X, Yan G. Mechanism and application of 3D-printed degradable bioceramic scaffolds for bone repair. Biomater Sci 2023; 11:7034-7050. [PMID: 37782081 DOI: 10.1039/d3bm01214j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Bioceramics have attracted considerable attention in the field of bone repair because of their excellent osteogenic properties, degradability, and biocompatibility. To resolve issues regarding limited formability, recent studies have introduced 3D printing technology for the fabrication of bioceramic bone repair scaffolds. Nevertheless, the mechanisms by which bioceramics promote bone repair and clinical applications of 3D-printed bioceramic scaffolds remain elusive. This review provides an account of the fabrication methods of 3D-printed degradable bioceramic scaffolds. In addition, the types and characteristics of degradable bioceramics used in clinical and preclinical applications are summarized. We have also highlighted the osteogenic molecular mechanisms in biomaterials with the aim of providing a basis and support for future research on the clinical applications of degradable bioceramic scaffolds. Finally, new developments and potential applications of 3D-printed degradable bioceramic scaffolds are discussed with reference to experimental and theoretical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Lin
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Liyun Zhang
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Qiyue Zhang
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xue Wang
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
| | - Guangqi Yan
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
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2
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Self-Prepared Hyaluronic Acid/Alkaline Gelatin Composite with Nano-Hydroxyapatite and Bone Morphogenetic Protein for Cranial Bone Formation. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021104. [PMID: 36674618 PMCID: PMC9861406 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
New bone-forming substitute materials are highly useful in dental implantology. The purpose of this study was to prepare cross-linked hyaluronic acid (cHLA)/cross-linked alkaline gelatin (cAG)/nano-hydroxyapatite (nHAp)/bone morphogenic protein (BMP) constructs; and evaluate their bone-forming capabilities in rat cranial bone defects. The cHLA and cAG liquids processed with an epoxy cross-linker were blended with a 3:1 volume ratio, followed by freeze-drying. The dry composites were further infiltrated with water containing nHAp only (BMP (−)) or with water containing nHAp and BMP (BMP (+)). Prepared wet constructs (BMP (−) and BMP (+)) were implanted in rat cranial bone defects, while defects only were also made, and animals were fed for 8 weeks, followed by subsequent soft X-ray measurements and histological observations. The X-ray results showed that BMP (+) constructs disappeared, though caused inward extension of peripherical bone from defect edges with an increase in length of approximately 24%, larger than those of BMP (−) constructs and defect only with approximately 17% and 8% increments, respectively (p < 0.05). Histological observations of BMP (+) construct samples clearly indicated active bone extension consisting of an array of island-like bones. It was concluded that cHLA/cAG/nHAp/BMP could be used as novel bone-substitute materials.
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Bone Formation on Murine Cranial Bone by Injectable Cross-Linked Hyaluronic Acid Containing Nano-Hydroxyapatite and Bone Morphogenetic Protein. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14245368. [PMID: 36559734 PMCID: PMC9783206 DOI: 10.3390/polym14245368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
New injection-type bone-forming materials are desired in dental implantology. In this study, we added nano-hydroxyapatite (nHAp) and bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) to cross-linkable thiol-modified hyaluronic acid (tHyA) and evaluated its usefulness as an osteoinductive injectable material using an animal model. The sol (ux-tHyA) was changed to a gel (x-tHyA) by mixing with a cross-linker. We prepared two sol−gel (SG) material series, that is, x-tHyA + BMP with and without nHAp (SG I) and x-tHyA + nHAp with and without BMP (SG II). SG I materials in the sol stage were injected into the cranial subcutaneous connective tissues of mice, followed by in vivo gelation, while SG II materials gelled in Teflon rings were surgically placed directly on the cranial bones of rats. The animals were sacrificed 8 weeks after implantation, followed by X-ray analysis and histological examination. The results revealed that bone formation occurred at a high rate (>70%), mainly as ectopic bone in the SG I tests in mouse cranial connective tissues, and largely as bone augmentation in rat cranial bones in the SG II experiments when x-tHyA contained both nHAp and BMP. The prepared x-tHyA + nHAp + BMP SG material can be used as an injection-type osteoinductive bone-forming material. Sub-periosteum injection was expected.
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Park EH, Rhee SH, Choi HW, Shon WJ. Biocompatibility and osteogenic potential of mineral trioxide aggregate mixed with hydrophilic synthetic polymer: An in vitro and in vivo study. Dent Mater J 2022; 41:780-786. [PMID: 35768223 DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2022-036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate in vitro biologic properties of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) mixed with 3% PVA (MTA-3% PVA) and in vivo dental pulp responses to direct capping in comparison with MTA mixed with distilled water (MTA-DW). Cell proliferation and osteogenic differentiation in culture of human dental pulp cells (hDPCs), and pH changes were evaluated. Pulps in 24 mandibular premolars of four 9-month-old beagle dogs were mechanically exposed and direct pulp capping was performed. Histological specimens were scored according to the degree of mineralization. MTA-3% PVA showed similar cell proliferation and similar or superior osteogenic differentiation of hDPCs compared with MTA-DW. All specimens were associated with calcified bridge formation and there were no significant differences in mineralization scores between the groups (p>0.05). The results suggested that MTA-3% PVA exhibited favorable biocompatibility and osteogenic differentiation in vitro compared with MTA-DW. Furthermore, both groups demonstrated similar results when used as pulp-capping agents in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Hyun Park
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University
| | - Sang-Hoon Rhee
- Department of Dental Biomaterials Science, Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University
| | - Hae Won Choi
- Department of Dental Biomaterials Science, Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University.,Department of Orthodontics, The Institute of Oral Health Science, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University, School of Medicine
| | - Won-Jun Shon
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University
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Karakeçili A, Topuz B, Ersoy FŞ, Şahin T, Günyakti A, Demirtaş TT. UiO-66 metal-organic framework as a double actor in chitosan scaffolds: Antibiotic carrier and osteogenesis promoter. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2022; 136:212757. [PMID: 35929303 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2022.212757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have recently emerged as a useful class of nanostructures with well-suited characteristics for drug delivery applications, due to the high surface area and pore size for efficient loading. Despite their use as a nano-carrier for controlled delivery of various types of drugs, the inherent osteo-conductive properties have stolen a great attention as a growing area of investigation. Here, we evaluated the double function of UiO-66 MOF structure as a carrier for fosfomycin antibiotic and also as an osteogenic differentiation promoter when introduced in 3D chitosan scaffolds, for the first time. Our results revealed that the wet-spun chitosan scaffolds containing fosfomycin loaded UiO-66 nanocrystals (CHI/UiO-66/FOS) possessed fiber mesh structure with integrated micro-scale fibers and increased mechanical strength. In vitro antibacterial studies indicated that CHI/UiO-66/FOS scaffolds showed bactericidal activity against Staphylococcus aureus. Moreover, the scaffolds were biocompatible to MC3T3-E1 pre-osteoblasts and significantly up-regulated the expression of osteogenesis-related genes and facilitated the extracellular matrix mineralization, in vitro. Taken together, our results demonstrate UiO-66 MOFs can present double functionality and CHI/UiO-66/FOS scaffolds hold a significant potential to be further explored as an alternative approach in treating infected bone defects like osteomyelitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayşe Karakeçili
- Ankara University, Faculty of Engineering, Chemical Engineering Department, 06100, Tandoğan Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Berna Topuz
- Ankara University, Faculty of Engineering, Chemical Engineering Department, 06100, Tandoğan Ankara, Turkey
| | - Feriha Şevval Ersoy
- Ankara University, Faculty of Engineering, Chemical Engineering Department, 06100, Tandoğan Ankara, Turkey
| | - Toygun Şahin
- Ankara University, Faculty of Engineering, Chemical Engineering Department, 06100, Tandoğan Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ayşe Günyakti
- Ankara University, Biotechnology Institute, Gümüşdere 60. Yıl Yerleşkesi, 06135 Keçiören Ankara, Turkey
| | - Tuğrul Tolga Demirtaş
- Erciyes University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, 38039 Kayseri, Turkey; Erciyes University Genome and Stem Cell Center, 38039 Kayseri, Turkey
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Kim C, Lee JW, Heo JH, Park C, Kim DH, Yi GS, Kang HC, Jung HS, Shin H, Lee JH. Natural bone-mimicking nanopore-incorporated hydroxyapatite scaffolds for enhanced bone tissue regeneration. Biomater Res 2022; 26:7. [PMID: 35216625 PMCID: PMC8876184 DOI: 10.1186/s40824-022-00253-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A considerable number of studies has been carried out to develop alloplastic bone graft materials such as hydroxyapatite (HAP) that mimic the hierarchical structure of natural bones with multiple levels of pores: macro-, micro-, and nanopores. Although nanopores are known to play many essential roles in natural bones, only a few studies have focused on HAPs containing them; none of those studies investigated the functions of nanopores in biological systems. Method We developed a simple yet powerful method to introduce nanopores into alloplastic HAP bone graft materials in large quantities by simply pressing HAP nanoparticles and sintering them at a low temperature. Results The size of nanopores in HAP scaffolds can be controlled between 16.5 and 30.2 nm by changing the sintering temperature. When nanopores with a size of ~ 30.2 nm, similar to that of nanopores in natural bones, are introduced into HAP scaffolds, the mechanical strength and cell proliferation and differentiation rates are significantly increased. The developed HAP scaffolds containing nanopores (SNPs) are biocompatible, with negligible erythema and inflammatory reactions. In addition, they enhance the bone regeneration when are implanted into a rabbit model. Furthermore, the bone regeneration efficiency of the HAP-based SNP is better than that of a commercially available bone graft material. Conclusion Nanopores of HAP scaffolds are very important for improving the bone regeneration efficiency and may be one of the key factors to consider in designing highly efficient next-generation alloplastic bone graft materials. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40824-022-00253-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chansong Kim
- School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Woong Lee
- School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea.,Research Center for Advanced Materials Technology, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Hyuk Heo
- School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea. .,Research Center for Advanced Materials Technology, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea.
| | - Cheolhyun Park
- School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Dai-Hwan Kim
- School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyu Sung Yi
- School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Chang Kang
- Probiomimetic Research Institute, Bundang Technopark, Seongnam, 13219, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Suk Jung
- School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunjung Shin
- Department of Energy Science, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Heon Lee
- School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea. .,Research Center for Advanced Materials Technology, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea. .,Biomedical Institute for Convergence at Sungkyunkwan University, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea. .,Institute of Quantum Biophysics (IQB), Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea.
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Assessment of Collagen-Based Nanostructured Biomimetic Systems with a Co-Culture of Human Bone-Derived Cells. Cells 2021; 11:cells11010026. [PMID: 35011588 PMCID: PMC8744918 DOI: 10.3390/cells11010026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a worldwide disease resulting in the increase of bone fragility and enhanced fracture risk in adults. In the context of osteoporotic fractures, bone tissue engineering (BTE), i.e., the use of bone substitutes combining biomaterials, cells, and other factors, is considered a potential alternative to conventional treatments. Innovative scaffolds need to be tested in in vitro systems where the simultaneous presence of osteoblasts (OBs) and osteoclasts (OCs), the two main players of bone remodeling, is required to mimic their crosstalk and molecular cooperation. To this aim, two composite materials were developed, based on type I collagen, and containing either strontium-enriched mesoporous bioactive glasses or rod-like hydroxyapatite nanoparticles. The developed nanostructured systems underwent genipin chemical crosslinking and were then tested with an indirect co-culture of human trabecular bone-derived OBs and buffy coat-derived OC precursors, for 2–3 weeks. The favorable structural and biological properties of the materials proved to successfully support the viability, adhesion, and differentiation of cells, encouraging a further investigation of the developed bioactive systems as biomaterial inks for the 3D printing of more complex scaffolds for BTE.
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8
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Signaling Pathway and Transcriptional Regulation in Osteoblasts during Bone Healing: Direct Involvement of Hydroxyapatite as a Biomaterial. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14070615. [PMID: 34206843 PMCID: PMC8308723 DOI: 10.3390/ph14070615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone defects and periodontal disease are pathological conditions that may become neglected diseases if not treated properly. Hydroxyapatite (HA), along with tricalcium phosphate and bioglass ceramic, is a biomaterial widely applied to orthopedic and dental uses. The in vivo performance of HA is determined by the interaction between HA particles with bone cells, particularly the bone mineralizing cells osteoblasts. It has been reported that HA-induced osteoblastic differentiation by increasing the expression of osteogenic transcription factors. However, the pathway involved and the events that occur in the cell membrane have not been well understood and remain controversial. Advances in gene editing and the discovery of pharmacologic inhibitors assist researchers to better understand osteoblastic differentiation. This review summarizes the involvement of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), p38, Wnt, and bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) in osteoblastic cellular regulation induced by HA. These advances enhance the current understanding of the molecular mechanism of HA as a biomaterial. Moreover, they provide a better strategy for the design of HA to be utilized in bone engineering.
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Lorthongpanich C, Charoenwongpaiboon T, Supakun P, Klaewkla M, Kheolamai P, Issaragrisil S. Fisetin Inhibits Osteogenic Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells via the Inhibition of YAP. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10060879. [PMID: 34070903 PMCID: PMC8226865 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10060879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are self-renewal and capable of differentiating to various functional cell types, including osteocytes, adipocytes, myoblasts, and chondrocytes. They are, therefore, regarded as a potential source for stem cell therapy. Fisetin is a bioactive flavonoid known as an active antioxidant molecule that has been reported to inhibit cell growth in various cell types. Fisetin was shown to play a role in regulating osteogenic differentiation in animal-derived MSCs; however, its molecular mechanism is not well understood. We, therefore, studied the effect of fisetin on the biological properties of human MSCs derived from chorion tissue and its role in human osteogenesis using MSCs and osteoblast-like cells (SaOs-2) as a model. We found that fisetin inhibited proliferation, migration, and osteogenic differentiation of MSCs as well as human SaOs-2 cells. Fisetin could reduce Yes-associated protein (YAP) activity, which results in downregulation of osteogenic genes and upregulation of fibroblast genes. Further analysis using molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations suggests that fisetin occupied the hydrophobic TEAD pocket preventing YAP from associating with TEA domain (TEAD). This finding supports the potential application of flavonoids like fisetin as a protein–protein interaction disruptor and also suggesting an implication of fisetin in regulating human osteogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chanchao Lorthongpanich
- Siriraj Center of Excellence for Stem Cell Research, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand; (P.S.); (S.I.)
- Correspondence:
| | | | - Prapasri Supakun
- Siriraj Center of Excellence for Stem Cell Research, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand; (P.S.); (S.I.)
| | - Methus Klaewkla
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand;
| | - Pakpoom Kheolamai
- Division of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani 10120, Thailand;
| | - Surapol Issaragrisil
- Siriraj Center of Excellence for Stem Cell Research, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand; (P.S.); (S.I.)
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Mukhtar AH, Alqutub MN. Comparison between Allogenic and Xenogenic Bone Blocks on the Osteogenic Potential of Cultured Human Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells: Confocal Laser and Scanning Electron Microscopy Study. Int J Appl Basic Med Res 2021; 11:75-79. [PMID: 33912425 PMCID: PMC8061614 DOI: 10.4103/ijabmr.ijabmr_363_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: The aim of this study was to compare between equine and human bone blocks in the osteogenic differentiation of cultured human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs) at 14 and 21 days of culture, using confocal laser microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Materials and Methods: In vitro cultures of commercially obtained hPDLSCs were seeded onto equine and human bone blocks. At 14 days and 21 days of culture, confocal laser microscope images were obtained to assess cellular differentiation and adhesion, and scanning electron microscope images were obtained to validate the osteogenic differentiation by showing the morphological characteristics of the new bone cells. Results: Both equine and human bone blocks showed positive staining for newly formed bone cells through the confocal laser microscope analysis, however, a higher signal intensity was expressed at 21 days of culture. These findings indicate the biocompatibility of hPDLSC with both types of bone blocks, cellular differentiation, and adhesion. Scanning electron microscopy images validated the osteogenic differentiation by showing the common characteristics of bone cells as flattened, polygonal morphology with multiple extending cytoplasmic processes. Conclusion: Both equine and human bone blocks were able to confirm the osteogenic capability of seeded human PDLSC. There was no significant difference between equine and human bone blocks on the human PDLSC differentiation. Superior osteogenic differentiation of cultured hPDLSCs was evident at 21 days in comparison to 14 days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Areej Hussein Mukhtar
- Department of Periodontics and Community Dentistry, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Montaser N Alqutub
- Department of Periodontics and Community Dentistry, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Sartori M, Graziani G, Sassoni E, Pagani S, Boi M, Maltarello MC, Baldini N, Fini M. Nanostructure and biomimetics orchestrate mesenchymal stromal cell differentiation: An in vitro bioactivity study on new coatings for orthopedic applications. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2021; 123:112031. [PMID: 33812646 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2021.112031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
The choice of the appropriate material having suitable compositional and morphological surface characteristics, is a crucial step in the development of orthopedic implants. The purpose of this paper is to elucidate, on this regard, the influence of two important hits, i.e., biogenic apatite with bone-like composition and nanostructured morphology, providing the evidence of the efficacy of nanostructured biogenic apatite coatings in favoring adhesion, growth, proliferation, and in vitro osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSCs) isolated from the bone marrow. The specific features of this coating in terms of topographical and biochemical cues, obtained by Ionized Jet Deposition, are perceived by hMSCs, as suggested by changes in different morphologic parameters as Aspect Ratio or Elongation index, suggesting the impact exerted by the nanostructure on early adhesion events, cytoskeleton organization, and cells fate. In addition, the nanostructured CaP coating sustained the metabolic activity of the cells and facilitated the osteogenic differentiation of MSC by supporting the osteogenesis-related gene expression. These findings support the use of a combined approach between technological advancement and instructive surfaces, both from the topographical and the biochemical point of view, in order to manufacture smart biomaterials able to respond to different needs of the orthopedic practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Sartori
- IRCCS - Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Surgical Sciences and Technologies Complex Structure, via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Gabriela Graziani
- IRCCS - Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Laboratory of Nanobiotechnology, via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Enrico Sassoni
- University of Bologna, Department of Civil, Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering, via Terracini 28, 40131 Bologna, Italy
| | - Stefania Pagani
- IRCCS - Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Surgical Sciences and Technologies Complex Structure, via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Marco Boi
- IRCCS - Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Laboratory of Nanobiotechnology, via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Maltarello
- IRCCS - Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, BST Biomedical Science and Technologies Laboratory, via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Nicola Baldini
- IRCCS - Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Laboratory of Nanobiotechnology, via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy; IRCCS - Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, BST Biomedical Science and Technologies Laboratory, via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy; University of Bologna, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Via Massarenti 9, 40128 Bologna, Italy
| | - Milena Fini
- IRCCS - Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Surgical Sciences and Technologies Complex Structure, via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy
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12
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Cho HH, Been SY, Kim WY, Choi JM, Choi JH, Song CU, Song JE, Bucciarelli A, Khang G. Comparative Study on the Effect of the Different Harvesting Sources of Demineralized Bone Particles on the Bone Regeneration of a Composite Gellan Gum Scaffold for Bone Tissue Engineering Applications. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2021; 4:1900-1911. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c01549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hun Hwi Cho
- Department of Bionanotechnology and Bio-Convergence Engineering, Department of Polymer Nano Science & Technology and Polymer Materials Fusion Research Center, Jeonbuk National University, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju 561-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Young Been
- Department of Bionanotechnology and Bio-Convergence Engineering, Department of Polymer Nano Science & Technology and Polymer Materials Fusion Research Center, Jeonbuk National University, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju 561-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo Youp Kim
- Department of Bionanotechnology and Bio-Convergence Engineering, Department of Polymer Nano Science & Technology and Polymer Materials Fusion Research Center, Jeonbuk National University, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju 561-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Min Choi
- Department of Bionanotechnology and Bio-Convergence Engineering, Department of Polymer Nano Science & Technology and Polymer Materials Fusion Research Center, Jeonbuk National University, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju 561-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo Hee Choi
- Department of Bionanotechnology and Bio-Convergence Engineering, Department of Polymer Nano Science & Technology and Polymer Materials Fusion Research Center, Jeonbuk National University, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju 561-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol Ui Song
- Department of Bionanotechnology and Bio-Convergence Engineering, Department of Polymer Nano Science & Technology and Polymer Materials Fusion Research Center, Jeonbuk National University, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju 561-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Eun Song
- Department of Bionanotechnology and Bio-Convergence Engineering, Department of Polymer Nano Science & Technology and Polymer Materials Fusion Research Center, Jeonbuk National University, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju 561-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Alessio Bucciarelli
- Microsystem Technology Group, Center for Materials and Microsystems, Fondazione Bruno Kessler, via Sommarive 18, Trento 38123, Trentino, Italy
| | - Gilson Khang
- Department of Bionanotechnology and Bio-Convergence Engineering, Department of Polymer Nano Science & Technology and Polymer Materials Fusion Research Center, Jeonbuk National University, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju 561-756, Republic of Korea
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13
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Ghalayani Esfahani A, Soleimanzade M, Campiglio CE, Federici A, Altomare L, Draghi L, Boccaccini AR, De Nardo L. Hierarchical microchannel architecture in chitosan/bioactive glass scaffolds via electrophoretic deposition positive-replica. J Biomed Mater Res A 2019; 107:1455-1465. [PMID: 30786159 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.36660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Revised: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
One of the main challenges in the design of scaffolds for cortical bone regeneration is mimicking the highly oriented, hierarchical structure of the native tissue in an efficient, simple, and consistent way. As a possible solution to this challenge, positive replica based on electrophoretic deposition (EPD) was here evaluated as a technique to produce organic/inorganic scaffolds with oriented micro-porosities mimicking Haversian canals diameter and spacing. Two different sizes of 45S5 bioactive glass (BG) powders were chosen as inclusions and loaded in a chitosan matrix via EPD on micro-patterned cathodes. Self-standing chitosan scaffolds, with a homogeneous dispersion of BG particles and regularly-oriented micro-channels (ϕ = 380 ± 50 μm, inter-channel spacing = 600 ± 40 μm), were obtained. In vitro analysis in simulated body fluid (SBF) revealed the ability to induce a deposition of a homogenous layer of hydroxyapatite (HA), with Ca/P nucleation reactions appearing kinetically favored by smaller BG particles. Cell interaction with hybrid scaffolds was evaluated in vitro with bone osteosarcoma cells (SAOS-2). The osteoconductive potential of EPD structures was assessed by evaluating cells proliferation, viability and scaffold colonization. Results indicate that EPD is a simple yet extremely effective technique to prepare composite micro-patterned structures and can represent a platform for the development of a new generation of bone scaffolds. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arash Ghalayani Esfahani
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "G. Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Mehdi Soleimanzade
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "G. Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Emma Campiglio
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "G. Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy.,Local Unit Politecnico di Milano, INSTM National Interuniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology, Florence, Italy
| | - Angelica Federici
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "G. Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy.,Local Unit Politecnico di Milano, INSTM National Interuniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology, Florence, Italy
| | - Lina Altomare
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "G. Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Lorenza Draghi
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "G. Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy.,Local Unit Politecnico di Milano, INSTM National Interuniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology, Florence, Italy
| | - Aldo R Boccaccini
- Institute of Biomaterials, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Luigi De Nardo
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "G. Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy.,Local Unit Politecnico di Milano, INSTM National Interuniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology, Florence, Italy
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14
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Kumai T, Yui N, Yatabe K, Sasaki C, Fujii R, Takenaga M, Fujiya H, Niki H, Yudoh K. A novel, self-assembled artificial cartilage-hydroxyapatite conjugate for combined articular cartilage and subchondral bone repair: histopathological analysis of cartilage tissue engineering in rat knee joints. Int J Nanomedicine 2019; 14:1283-1298. [PMID: 30863061 PMCID: PMC6391143 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s193963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose We previously created a self-assembled cartilage-like complex in vitro from only three cartilage components, hyaluronic acid (HA), aggrecan (AG) and type II collagen, without other materials such as cross-linking agents. Based on this self-organized AG/HA/collagen complex, we have created three novel types of biphasic cartilage and bone-like scaffolds combined with hydroxyapatite (HAP) for osteochondral tissue engineering. These scaffolds have been developed from self-assembled cartilage component molecules and HAP at the nanometer scale by manipulating the intermolecular relations. Patients and methods The surface structure of each self-organized biphasic cartilage and bone-like scaffold was evaluated by scanning electron microscopy, whereas the viscoelasticity was also analyzed in vitro. Three types of artificial cartilage–HAP conjugates were implanted into an osteochondral defect in rat knee joints, and bone and cartilage tissues of the implanted site were examined 4 and 8 weeks after implantation. The tissues were examined histopathologically to evaluate the effects of the implantation on the articular cartilage and subchondral bone tissues. Results Our in vitro and in vivo data reveal that the self-organized biphasic cartilage and bone-like scaffold conjugated with HAP are superior to the scaffold with no HAP in both cartilage regeneration and subchondral bone regeneration. Conclusion Our present study indicates that the self-organized biphasic cartilage and bone-like scaffold, which is conjugated with an HAP layer, may have potential not only to repair articular cartilage defects but also to ameliorate the degeneration of subchondral bone in the diseases with osteochondral defect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takanori Kumai
- Department of Sports Medicine, St Marianna University School of Medicine, Miyamae-ku, Kawasaki 216-8511, Japan
| | - Naoko Yui
- Department of Sports Medicine, St Marianna University School of Medicine, Miyamae-ku, Kawasaki 216-8511, Japan
| | - Kanaka Yatabe
- Department of Sports Medicine, St Marianna University School of Medicine, Miyamae-ku, Kawasaki 216-8511, Japan
| | - Chizuko Sasaki
- Institute for Ultrastructural Morphology, St Marianna University Graduate School of Medicine, Miyamae-ku, Kawasaki 216-8512, Japan
| | - Ryoji Fujii
- Department of Frontier Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, St Marianna University School of Medicine, Miyamae-ku, Kawasaki 216-8512, Japan,
| | - Mitsuko Takenaga
- Department of Frontier Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, St Marianna University School of Medicine, Miyamae-ku, Kawasaki 216-8512, Japan,
| | - Hiroto Fujiya
- Department of Sports Medicine, St Marianna University School of Medicine, Miyamae-ku, Kawasaki 216-8511, Japan
| | - Hisateru Niki
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, St Marianna University School of Medicine, Miyamae-ku, Kawasaki 216-8512, Japan
| | - Kazuo Yudoh
- Department of Frontier Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, St Marianna University School of Medicine, Miyamae-ku, Kawasaki 216-8512, Japan,
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15
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Ma J, Lin L, Zuo Y, Zou Q, Ren X, Li J, Li Y. Modification of 3D printed PCL scaffolds by PVAc and HA to enhance cytocompatibility and osteogenesis. RSC Adv 2019; 9:5338-5346. [PMID: 35515952 PMCID: PMC9060692 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra06652c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Effects of PVAc and HA on the surface structure of PCL and the in vivo bone repair activity of scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingqi Ma
- Research Center for Nano-Biomaterials
- Analytical & Testing Center
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610064
- P. R. China
| | - Lili Lin
- Research Center for Nano-Biomaterials
- Analytical & Testing Center
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610064
- P. R. China
| | - Yi Zuo
- Research Center for Nano-Biomaterials
- Analytical & Testing Center
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610064
- P. R. China
| | - Qin Zou
- Research Center for Nano-Biomaterials
- Analytical & Testing Center
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610064
- P. R. China
| | - Xin Ren
- Research Center for Nano-Biomaterials
- Analytical & Testing Center
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610064
- P. R. China
| | - Jidong Li
- Research Center for Nano-Biomaterials
- Analytical & Testing Center
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610064
- P. R. China
| | - Yubao Li
- Research Center for Nano-Biomaterials
- Analytical & Testing Center
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610064
- P. R. China
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16
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Deng B, Bruzzaniti A, Cheng GJ. Enhancement of osteoblast activity on nanostructured NiTi/hydroxyapatite coatings on additive manufactured NiTi metal implants by nanosecond pulsed laser sintering. Int J Nanomedicine 2018; 13:8217-8230. [PMID: 30555235 PMCID: PMC6280903 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s162842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The osteoinductive behaviors of nitinol (NiTi)-based metal implants for bone regeneration are largely dependent on their surface composition and topology. Continuous-mode laser sintering often results in complete melting of the materials and aggregation of particles, which lack control of heat transfer, as well as microstructural changes during sintering of the nanocomposite materials. Methods In the current study, in situ direct laser deposition was used to additively manufacture three-dimensional NiTi structures from Ni and Ti powders. The mechanical property of NiTi has been shown to be similar to bone. Nanosecond pulsed laser sintering process was then utilized to generate a nanoporous composite surface with NiTi alloy and hydroxyapatite (HA) by ultrafast laser heating and cooling of Ni, Ti, and HA nanoparticles mixtures precoated on the 3D NiTi substrates; HA was added in order to improve the biocompatibility of the alloy. We then studied the underlying mechanism in the formation of NiTi/HA nanocomposite, and the synergistic effect of the sintered HA component and the nanoporous topology of the composite coating. In addition, we examined the activity of bone-forming osteoblasts on the NiTi/HA surfaces. For this, osteoblast cell morphology and various biomarkers were examined to evaluate cellular activity and function. Results We found that the nanoscale porosity delivered by nanosecond pulsed laser sintering and the HA component positively contributed to osteoblast differentiation, as indicated by an increase in the expression of collagen and alkaline phosphatase, both of which are necessary for osteoblast mineralization. In addition, we observed topological complexities which appeared to boost the activity of osteoblasts, including an increase in actin cytoskeletal structures and adhesion structures. Conclusion These findings demonstrate that the pulsed laser sintering method is an effective tool to generate biocompatible coatings in complex alloy-composite material systems with desired composition and topology. Our findings also provide a better understanding of the osteoinductive behavior of the sintered nanocomposite coatings for use in orthopedic and bone regeneration applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biwei Deng
- School of Industrial Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA, .,Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA,
| | - Angela Bruzzaniti
- Department of Biomedical and Applied Sciences, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA,
| | - Gary J Cheng
- School of Industrial Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA, .,Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA,
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17
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Cai Y, Tong S, Zhang R, Zhu T, Wang X. In vitro evaluation of a bone morphogenetic protein‑2 nanometer hydroxyapatite collagen scaffold for bone regeneration. Mol Med Rep 2018; 17:5830-5836. [PMID: 29436646 PMCID: PMC5866027 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.8579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Scaffold fabrication and biocompatibility are crucial for successful bone tissue engineering. Nanometer hydroxyapatite (nHAP) combined with collagen (COL) is frequently utilized as a suitable osseous scaffold material. Furthermore, growth factors, including bone morphogenetic protein‑2 (BMP‑2), are used to enhance the scaffold properties. The present study used blending and freeze‑drying methods to develop a BMP‑2‑nHAP‑COL scaffold. An ELISA was performed to determine the BMP‑2 release rate from the scaffold. Flow cytometry was used to identify rat bone marrow‑derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) prior to their combination with the scaffold. Scanning electron microscopy was used to observe the scaffold structure and BMSC morphology following seeding onto the scaffold. BMSCs were also used to assess the biological compatibility of the scaffold in vitro. BMP‑2‑nHAP‑COL and nHAP‑COL scaffolds were assessed alongside the appropriate control groups. Cells were counted to determine early cell adhesion. Cell Counting kit‑8 and alkaline phosphatase assays were used to detect cell proliferation and differentiation, respectively. Gross morphology confirmed that the BMP‑2‑nHAP‑COL scaffold microstructure conformed to the optimal characteristics of a bone tissue engineering scaffold. Furthermore, the BMP‑2‑nHAP‑COL scaffold exhibited no biological toxicity and was demonstrated to promote BMSC adhesion, proliferation and differentiation. The BMP‑2‑nHAP‑COL scaffold had good biocompatibility in vitro, and may therefore be modified further to construct an optimized scaffold for future bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Cai
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Institute of Dental Research, Shenyang, Liaoning 110002, P.R. China
| | - Shuang Tong
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110002, P.R. China
| | - Ran Zhang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Institute of Dental Research, Shenyang, Liaoning 110002, P.R. China
| | - Tong Zhu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Institute of Dental Research, Shenyang, Liaoning 110002, P.R. China
| | - Xukai Wang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Institute of Dental Research, Shenyang, Liaoning 110002, P.R. China
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18
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Biological and Mechanical Effects of Micro-Nanostructured Titanium Surface on an Osteoblastic Cell Line In vitro and Osteointegration In vivo. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2017; 183:280-292. [PMID: 28321783 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-017-2444-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2016] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Hybrid micro-nanostructure implant surface was produced on titanium (Ti) surface by acid etching and anodic oxidation to improve the biological and mechanical properties. The biological properties of the micro-nanostructure were investigated by simulated body fluid (SBF) soaking test and MC3T3-E1 cell co-culture experiment. The cell proliferation, spreading, and bone sialoprotein (BSP) gene expression were examined by MTT, SEM, and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), respectively. In addition, the mechanical properties were evaluated by instrumented nanoindentation test and friction-wear test. Furthermore, the effect of the micro-nanostructure surface on implant osteointegration was examined by in vivo experiment. The results showed that the formation of bone-like apatite was accelerated on the micro-nanostructured Ti surface after immersion in simulated body fluid, and the proliferation, spreading, and BSP gene expression of the MC3T3-E1 cells were also upregulated on the modified surface. The micro-nanostructured Ti surface displayed decreased friction coefficient, stiffness value, and Young's modulus which were much closer to those of the cortical bone, compared to the polished Ti surface. This suggested much better mechanical match to the surrounding bone tissue of the micro-nanostructured Ti surface. Furthermore, the in vivo animal experiment showed that after implantation in the rat femora, the micro-nanostructure surface displayed higher bonding strength between bone tissues and implant; hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining suggested that much compact osteoid tissue was observed at the interface of Micro-nano-Ti-bone than polished Ti-bone interface after implantation. Based on these results mentioned above, it was concluded that the improved biological and mechanical properties of the micro-nanostructure endowed Ti surface with good biocompatibility and better osteointegration, implying the enlarged application of the micro-nanostructure surface Ti implants in future.
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19
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Osteogenic signaling on silk-based matrices. Biomaterials 2016; 97:133-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2016.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Revised: 03/25/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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20
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Uskoković V, Wu VM. Calcium Phosphate as a Key Material for Socially Responsible Tissue Engineering. MATERIALS 2016; 9. [PMID: 27347359 PMCID: PMC4917371 DOI: 10.3390/ma9060434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Socially responsible technologies are designed while taking into consideration the socioeconomic, geopolitical and environmental limitations of regions in which they will be implemented. In the medical context, this involves making therapeutic platforms more accessible and affordable to patients in poor regions of the world wherein a given disease is endemic. This often necessitates going against the reigning trend of making therapeutic nanoparticles ever more structurally complex and expensive. However, studies aimed at simplifying materials and formulations while maintaining the functionality and therapeutic response of their more complex counterparts seldom provoke a significant interest in the scientific community. In this review we demonstrate that such compositional simplifications are meaningful when it comes to the design of a solution for osteomyelitis, a disease that is in its natural, non-postoperative form particularly prevalent in the underdeveloped parts of the world wherein poverty, poor sanitary conditions, and chronically compromised defense lines of the immune system are the norm. We show that calcium phosphate nanoparticles, which are inexpensive to make, could be chemically designed to possess the same functionality as a hypothetic mixture additionally composed of: (a) a bone growth factor; (b) an antibiotic for prophylactic or anti-infective purposes; (c) a bisphosphonate as an antiresorptive compound; (d) a viral vector to enable the intracellular delivery of therapeutics; (e) a luminescent dye; (f) a radiographic component; (g) an imaging contrast agent; (h) a magnetic domain; and (i) polymers as viscous components enabling the injectability of the material and acting as carriers for the sustained release of a drug. In particular, calcium phosphates could: (a) produce tunable drug release profiles; (b) take the form of viscous and injectable, self-setting pastes; (c) be naturally osteo-inductive and inhibitory for osteoclastogenesis; (d) intracellularly deliver bioactive compounds; (e) accommodate an array of functional ions; (f) be processed into macroporous constructs for tissue engineering; and (g) be naturally antimicrobial. All in all, we see in calcium phosphates the presence of a protean nature whose therapeutic potentials have been barely tapped into.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vuk Uskoković
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL 60607-7052, USA;
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chapman University, Irvine, CA 92618-1908, USA
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +1-415-412-0233
| | - Victoria M. Wu
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL 60607-7052, USA;
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