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Ghezzi D, Boi M, Sassoni E, Valle F, Giusto E, Boanini E, Baldini N, Cappelletti M, Graziani G. Customized biofilm device for antibiofilm and antibacterial screening of newly developed nanostructured silver and zinc coatings. J Biol Eng 2023; 17:18. [PMID: 36879323 PMCID: PMC9987098 DOI: 10.1186/s13036-023-00326-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bacterial colonisation on implantable device surfaces is estimated to cause more than half of healthcare-associated infections. The application of inorganic coatings onto implantable devices limits/prevents microbial contaminations. However, reliable and high-throughput deposition technologies and experimental trials of metal coatings for biomedical applications are missing. Here, we propose the combination of the Ionized Jet Deposition (IJD) technology for metal-coating application, with the Calgary Biofilm Device (CBD) for high-throughput antibacterial and antibiofilm screening, to develop and screen novel metal-based coatings. RESULTS The films are composed of nanosized spherical aggregates of metallic silver or zinc oxide with a homogeneous and highly rough surface topography. The antibacterial and antibiofilm activity of the coatings is related with the Gram staining, being Ag and Zn coatings more effective against gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria, respectively. The antibacterial/antibiofilm effect is proportional to the amount of metal deposited that influences the amount of metal ions released. The roughness also impacts the activity, mostly for Zn coatings. Antibiofilm properties are stronger on biofilms developing on the coating than on biofilms formed on uncoated substrates. This suggests a higher antibiofilm effect arising from the direct contact bacteria-coating than that associated with the metal ions release. Proof-of-concept of application to titanium alloys, representative of orthopaedic prostheses, confirmed the antibiofilm results, validating the approach. In addition, MTT tests show that the coatings are non-cytotoxic and ICP demonstrates that they have suitable release duration (> 7 days), suggesting the applicability of these new generation metal-based coatings for the functionalization of biomedical devices. CONCLUSIONS The combination of the Calgary Biofilm Device with the Ionized Jet Deposition technology proved to be an innovative and powerful tool that allows to monitor both the metal ions release and the surface topography of the films, which makes it suitable for the study of the antibacterial and antibiofilm activity of nanostructured materials. The results obtained with the CBD were validated with coatings on titanium alloys and extended by also considering the anti-adhesion properties and biocompatibility. In view of upcoming application in orthopaedics, these evaluations would be useful for the development of materials with pleiotropic antimicrobial mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Ghezzi
- Biomedical Science and Technologies and Nanobiotechnology Lab, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via Di Barbiano 1/10, 40136, Bologna, Italy
| | - Marco Boi
- Biomedical Science and Technologies and Nanobiotechnology Lab, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via Di Barbiano 1/10, 40136, Bologna, Italy
| | - Enrico Sassoni
- Department of Civil, University of Bologna, Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering, Via Terracini 28, 40131, Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesco Valle
- Institute of Nanostructured Materials, National Research Council (ISMN-CNR), Via Piero Gobetti, 101, 40129, Bologna, Italy
| | - Elena Giusto
- Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, 4 Newark St, London, E1 2AT, UK
| | - Elisa Boanini
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bologna, Giacomo Ciamician", Via Selmi 2, Bologna, Italy
| | - Nicola Baldini
- Biomedical Science and Technologies and Nanobiotechnology Lab, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via Di Barbiano 1/10, 40136, Bologna, Italy.,Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Massarenti 9, 40128, Bologna, Italy
| | - Martina Cappelletti
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 42, 40126, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Gabriela Graziani
- Biomedical Science and Technologies and Nanobiotechnology Lab, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via Di Barbiano 1/10, 40136, Bologna, Italy.
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Ghezzi D, Sassoni E, Boi M, Montesissa M, Baldini N, Graziani G, Cappelletti M. Antibacterial and Antibiofilm Activity of Nanostructured Copper Films Prepared by Ionized Jet Deposition. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 12. [PMID: 36671256 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12010055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Metal coatings represent good strategies to functionalize surfaces/devices and limit bacterial contamination/colonization thanks to their pleiotropic activity and their ability to prevent the biofilm formation. Here, we investigated the antibacterial and antibiofilm capacity of copper coatings deposited through the Ionized Jet Deposition (IJD) on the Calgary Biofilm Device (CBD) against the growth of two gram-negative and two gram-positive pathogenic strains. Three areas (i.e., (+)Cu, (++)Cu, and (+++)Cu based on the metal amount) on the CBD were obtained, presenting nanostructured coatings with high surface homogeneity and increasing dimensions of aggregates from the CBD periphery to the centre. The coatings in (++)Cu and (+++)Cu were efficient against the planktonic growth of the four pathogens. This antibacterial effect decreased in (+)Cu but was still significant for most of the pathogens. The antibiofilm efficacy was significant for all the strains and on both coated and uncoated surfaces in (+++)Cu, whereas in (++)Cu the only biofilms forming on the coated surfaces were inhibited, suggesting that the decrease of the metal on the coatings was associated to a reduced metal ion release. In conclusion, this work demonstrates that Cu coatings deposited by IJD have antibacterial and antibiofilm activity against a broad range of pathogens indicating their possible application to functionalize biomedical devices.
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Sartori M, Graziani G, Sassoni E, Pagani S, Boi M, Maltarello MC, Baldini N, Fini M. Nanostructure and biomimetics orchestrate mesenchymal stromal cell differentiation: An in vitro bioactivity study on new coatings for orthopedic applications. Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl 2021; 123:112031. [PMID: 33812646 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2021.112031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
The choice of the appropriate material having suitable compositional and morphological surface characteristics, is a crucial step in the development of orthopedic implants. The purpose of this paper is to elucidate, on this regard, the influence of two important hits, i.e., biogenic apatite with bone-like composition and nanostructured morphology, providing the evidence of the efficacy of nanostructured biogenic apatite coatings in favoring adhesion, growth, proliferation, and in vitro osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSCs) isolated from the bone marrow. The specific features of this coating in terms of topographical and biochemical cues, obtained by Ionized Jet Deposition, are perceived by hMSCs, as suggested by changes in different morphologic parameters as Aspect Ratio or Elongation index, suggesting the impact exerted by the nanostructure on early adhesion events, cytoskeleton organization, and cells fate. In addition, the nanostructured CaP coating sustained the metabolic activity of the cells and facilitated the osteogenic differentiation of MSC by supporting the osteogenesis-related gene expression. These findings support the use of a combined approach between technological advancement and instructive surfaces, both from the topographical and the biochemical point of view, in order to manufacture smart biomaterials able to respond to different needs of the orthopedic practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Sartori
- IRCCS - Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Surgical Sciences and Technologies Complex Structure, via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Gabriela Graziani
- IRCCS - Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Laboratory of Nanobiotechnology, via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Enrico Sassoni
- University of Bologna, Department of Civil, Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering, via Terracini 28, 40131 Bologna, Italy
| | - Stefania Pagani
- IRCCS - Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Surgical Sciences and Technologies Complex Structure, via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Marco Boi
- IRCCS - Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Laboratory of Nanobiotechnology, via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Maltarello
- IRCCS - Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, BST Biomedical Science and Technologies Laboratory, via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Nicola Baldini
- IRCCS - Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Laboratory of Nanobiotechnology, via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy; IRCCS - Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, BST Biomedical Science and Technologies Laboratory, via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy; University of Bologna, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Via Massarenti 9, 40128 Bologna, Italy
| | - Milena Fini
- IRCCS - Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Surgical Sciences and Technologies Complex Structure, via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy
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