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Madhubala D, Patra A, Khan MR, Mukherjee AK. Phytomedicine for neurodegenerative diseases: The road ahead. Phytother Res 2024; 38:2993-3019. [PMID: 38600725 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.8192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders (NDs) are among the most common causes of death across the globe. NDs are characterized by progressive damage to CNS neurons, leading to defects in specific brain functions such as memory, cognition, and movement. The most common NDs are Parkinson's, Alzheimer's, Huntington's, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Despite extensive research, no therapeutics or medications against NDs have been proven to be effective. The current treatment of NDs involving symptom-based targeting of the disease pathogenesis has certain limitations, such as drug resistance, adverse side effects, poor blood-brain barrier permeability, and poor bioavailability of drugs. Some studies have shown that plant-derived natural compounds hold tremendous promise for treating and preventing NDs. Therefore, the primary objective of this review article is to critically analyze the properties and potency of some of the most studied phytomedicines, such as quercetin, curcumin, epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), apigenin, and cannabinoids, and highlight their advantages and limitations for developing next-generation alternative treatments against NDs. Further extensive research on pre-clinical and clinical studies for developing plant-based drugs against NDs from bench to bedside is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dev Madhubala
- Microbial Biotechnology and Protein Research Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tezpur University, Tezpur, Assam, India
- Division of Life Sciences, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Aparup Patra
- Division of Life Sciences, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Mojibur R Khan
- Division of Life Sciences, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Ashis K Mukherjee
- Microbial Biotechnology and Protein Research Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tezpur University, Tezpur, Assam, India
- Division of Life Sciences, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology, Guwahati, Assam, India
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Fukuyama Y, Kubo M, Harada K. Neurotrophic Natural Products. PROGRESS IN THE CHEMISTRY OF ORGANIC NATURAL PRODUCTS 2024; 123:1-473. [PMID: 38340248 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-42422-9_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Neurotrophins (NGF, BDNF, NT3, NT4) can decrease cell death, induce differentiation, as well as sustain the structure and function of neurons, which make them promising therapeutic agents for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders. However, neurotrophins have not been very effective in clinical trials mostly because they cannot pass through the blood-brain barrier owing to being high-molecular-weight proteins. Thus, neurotrophin-mimic small molecules, which stimulate the synthesis of endogenous neurotrophins or enhance neurotrophic actions, may serve as promising alternatives to neurotrophins. Small-molecular-weight natural products, which have been used in dietary functional foods or in traditional medicines over the course of human history, have a great potential for the development of new therapeutic agents against neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease. In this contribution, a variety of natural products possessing neurotrophic properties such as neurogenesis, neurite outgrowth promotion (neuritogenesis), and neuroprotection are described, and a focus is made on the chemistry and biology of several neurotrophic natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiyasu Fukuyama
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Tokushima, 770-8514, Japan.
| | - Miwa Kubo
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Tokushima, 770-8514, Japan
| | - Kenichi Harada
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Tokushima, 770-8514, Japan
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Gaur K, Siddique YH. Effect of Apigenin on Neurodegenerative Diseases. CNS & NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS DRUG TARGETS 2024; 23:468-475. [PMID: 37038672 DOI: 10.2174/1871527322666230406082625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs), such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's, are the most frequent age-related illnesses affecting millions worldwide. No effective medication for NDDs is known to date and current disease management approaches include neuroprotection strategies with the hope of maintaining and improving the function of neurons. Such strategies will not provide a cure on their own but are likely to delay disease progression by reducing the production of neurotoxic chemicals such as reactive oxygen species (ROS) and related inflammatory chemicals. Natural compounds such as flavonoids that provide neuroprotection via numerous mechanisms have attracted much attention in recent years. This review discusses evidence from different research models and clinical trials on the therapeutic potential of one promising flavonoid, apigenin, and how it can be helpful for NDDs in the future prospects. We have also discussed its chemistry, mechanism of action, and possible benefits in various examples of NDDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kajal Gaur
- Drosophila Transgenic Laboratory, Section of Genetics, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Yasir Hasan Siddique
- Drosophila Transgenic Laboratory, Section of Genetics, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Choudhary N, Tewari D, Nabavi SF, Kashani HRK, Lorigooini Z, Filosa R, Khan FB, Masoudian N, Nabavi SM. Plant based food bioactives: A boon or bane for neurological disorders. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 64:3279-3325. [PMID: 36369694 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2131729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Neurological disorders are the foremost occurring diseases across the globe resulting in progressive dysfunction, loss of neuronal structure ultimately cell death. Therefore, attention has been drawn toward the natural resources for the search of neuroprotective agents. Plant-based food bioactives have emerged as potential neuroprotective agents for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders. This comprehensive review primarily focuses on various plant food bioactive, mechanisms, therapeutic targets, in vitro and in vivo studies in the treatment of neurological disorders to explore whether they are boon or bane for neurological disorders. In addition, the clinical perspective of plant food bioactives in neurological disorders are also highlighted. Scientific evidences point toward the enormous therapeutic efficacy of plant food bioactives in the prevention or treatment of neurological disorders. Nevertheless, identification of food bioactive components accountable for the neuroprotective effects, mechanism, clinical trials, and consolidation of information flow are warranted. Plant food bioactives primarily act by mediating through various pathways including oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, apoptosis, excitotoxicity, specific proteins, mitochondrial dysfunction, and reversing neurodegeneration and can be used for the prevention and therapy of neurodegenerative disorders. In conclusion, the plant based food bioactives are boon for neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neeraj Choudhary
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Adesh Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Adesh University, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Devesh Tewari
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, New Delhi, India
| | - Seyed Fazel Nabavi
- Advanced Medical Pharma (AMP-Biotec), Biopharmaceutical Innovation Centre Via Cortenocera, 82030, San Salvatore Telesino, (BN), Italy
- Nutringredientes Research Center, Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology (IFCE), Baturite, Ceara, Brazil
| | - Hamid Reza Khayat Kashani
- Department of Neurosurgery, Imam Hossein Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Lorigooini
- Medical Plants Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Rosanna Filosa
- Advanced Medical Pharma (AMP-Biotec), Biopharmaceutical Innovation Centre Via Cortenocera, 82030, San Salvatore Telesino, (BN), Italy
- Department of Science and Technology, University of Sannio, 82100, Benevento, Italy
| | - Farheen Badrealam Khan
- Department of Biology, College of Science, The United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, 15551 United Arab Emirates
| | - Nooshin Masoudian
- Advanced Medical Pharma (AMP-Biotec), Biopharmaceutical Innovation Centre Via Cortenocera, 82030, San Salvatore Telesino, (BN), Italy
| | - Seyed Mohammad Nabavi
- Advanced Medical Pharma (AMP-Biotec), Biopharmaceutical Innovation Centre Via Cortenocera, 82030, San Salvatore Telesino, (BN), Italy
- Nutringredientes Research Center, Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology (IFCE), Baturite, Ceara, Brazil
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Yan YC, Xu ZH, Wang J, Yu WB. Uncovering the pharmacology of Ginkgo biloba folium in the cell-type-specific targets of Parkinson's disease. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1007556. [PMID: 36249800 PMCID: PMC9556873 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1007556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease with a fast-growing prevalence. Developing disease-modifying therapies for PD remains an enormous challenge. Current drug treatment will lose efficacy and bring about severe side effects as the disease progresses. Extracts from Ginkgo biloba folium (GBE) have been shown neuroprotective in PD models. However, the complex GBE extracts intertwingled with complicated PD targets hinder further drug development. In this study, we have pioneered using single-nuclei RNA sequencing data in network pharmacology analysis. Furthermore, high-throughput screening for potent drug-target interaction (DTI) was conducted with a deep learning algorithm, DeepPurpose. The strongest DTIs between ginkgolides and MAPK14 were further validated by molecular docking. This work should help advance the network pharmacology analysis procedure to tackle the limitation of conventional research. Meanwhile, these results should contribute to a better understanding of the complicated mechanisms of GBE in treating PD and lay the theoretical ground for future drug development in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jian Wang
- *Correspondence: Jian Wang, ; Wen-Bo Yu,
| | - Wen-Bo Yu
- *Correspondence: Jian Wang, ; Wen-Bo Yu,
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Luo W, Wu B, Tang L, Li G, Chen H, Yin X. Recent research progress of Cirsium medicinal plants in China. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 280:114475. [PMID: 34363929 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The species of the genus Cirsium have been used as traditional Chinese medicine for hundreds of years. It is believed that Cirsium has the efficacies of cooling blood and stopping bleeding, dispelling blood stasis, detoxifying and eliminating carbuncle. At present, they are mainly used in treatment of the hemoptysis, hematemesis, hemoptysis, hematuria, traumatic bleeding and Henoch-Schonlein purpura. They are widely used in traditional Chinese medicine. AIM This paper systematically collated the classification, traditional use, pharmacological action, phytochemistry and clinical application of Cirsium plants in the past ten years, intending to provide a critical appraisal of current knowledge for future in-depth study and rational development and utilization of Cirsium plants. MATERIAL AND METHODS This paper searched various databases (SciFinder, Science Direct, CNKI, Wiley online library, Spring Link, Web of Science, PubMed, Wanfang Data, Weipu Data), Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2020 Edition, Chinese Flora, Chinese Materia Medica and some local books on ethnopharmacology. RESULTS More than ten species of Cirsium have been used as folk medicine, and modern pharmacological studies have shown that Cirsium has the effects of protecting liver, antioxidation, anti-tumor, anti-inflammation, antibacterial, etc. More than 200 chemical constituents such as flavonoids, triterpenes, sterols, phenylpropanoids have been isolated from Cirsium. Some ingredients show a wide variety of bioactivities including hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-tumor and other activities. At present, Cirsium medicinal plants, as traditional Chinese medicine, were mainly used to treat nephritis, Henoch-Schonlein purpura and hemorrhage, although some species used in folk lack of quality control systems. CONCLUSION Cirsium plants are a safe and effective medicine for cooling blood and hemostasis. Recent studies on pharmacology and phytochemistry also provide solid scientific evidences for the traditional application of this genus. It also shows significant hepatoprotective activity and may be a potential clinical candidate for the treatment of liver disease. However, the qualitative and quantitative analysis, pharmacokinetics-pharmacodynamics and mechanism of action also need in-depth study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Luo
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Bei Wu
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Liangjie Tang
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Guoyou Li
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Hulan Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Xuemei Yin
- College of Pharmacy, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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Wei SY, Hu DB, Xia MY, Luo JF, Yan H, Yang JH, Wang YS, Wang YH. Sesquiterpenoids and 2-(2-Phenylethyl)chromone Derivatives from the Resinous Heartwood of Aquilaria sinensis. NATURAL PRODUCTS AND BIOPROSPECTING 2021; 11:545-555. [PMID: 34061296 PMCID: PMC8390629 DOI: 10.1007/s13659-021-00313-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
One novel spirolactone, aquilarisinolide (1), three new sesquiterpenoids, (2R,4S,5R,7R)-2-hydroxyeremophila-9,11-dien-8-one (2), (1R,4S,5S,7R,11R)-13-hydroxyepidaphnauran-9-en-8-one (3), and (4R,5S,7R,8S,10S,13R)-8,13-dihydroxyrotunda-1,11-dien-3-one (4), together with 13 known compounds (5-17) were isolated from the resinous heartwood of Aquilaria sinensis (Thymelaeaceae). The structures of the new compounds were elucidated based on the analysis of NMR and MS data and theoretical calculations their ECD spectra. The isolated compounds were evaluated for their protective activities against PC12 cell injury induced by corticosterone (CORT) and 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridine ion (MPP+), as well as inhibitory activities against BACE1. Compound 4, 5,6-dihydroxy-2-(2-phenylethyl)chromone (5), daphnauranol B (7), 6-methoxy-2-[2-(3-methyoxyphenyl)ethyl]chromone (10), isoagarotetrol (14), and 1-hydroxy-1,5-diphenylpentan-3-one (16) showed significant protective effects on CORT-induced injury in PC12 cells at a concentration of 20 μM (P < 0.001). Isoagarotetrol (14) showed a significant protective effect on MPP+-induced injury in PC12 cells at a concentration of 20 μM (P < 0.001), while compound 4 showed a moderate activity (P < 0.01). The BACE1-inhibitory activities of all tested compounds were very weak with less than 30% inhibition at a concentration of 20 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Ya Wei
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Science and Technology, School of Pharmacy, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, and State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong-Bao Hu
- School of Chemical Biology and Environment, Yuxi Normal University, Yuxi, 653100, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng-Yuan Xia
- Key Laboratory of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, and State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, People's Republic of China
| | - Ji-Feng Luo
- Key Laboratory of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, and State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Yan
- Key Laboratory of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, and State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing-Hua Yang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Science and Technology, School of Pharmacy, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun-Song Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Science and Technology, School of Pharmacy, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yue-Hu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, and State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, People's Republic of China.
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Impact of Silibinin A on Bioenergetics in PC12APP sw Cells and Mitochondrial Membrane Properties in Murine Brain Mitochondria. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10101520. [PMID: 34679655 PMCID: PMC8533090 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10101520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-related multifactorial diseases, such as the neurodegenerative Alzheimer’s disease (AD), still remain a challenge to today’s society. One mechanism associated with AD and aging in general is mitochondrial dysfunction (MD). Increasing MD is suggested to trigger other pathological processes commonly associated with neurodegenerative diseases. Silibinin A (SIL) is the main bioactive compound of the Silymarin extract from the Mediterranean plant Silybum marianum (L.) (GAERTN/Compositae). It is readily available as a herbal drug and well established in the treatment of liver diseases as a potent radical scavenger reducing lipid peroxidation and stabilize membrane properties. Recent data suggest that SIL might also act on neurological changes related to MD. PC12APPsw cells produce low levels of human Aβ and thus act as a cellular model of early AD showing changed mitochondrial function. We investigated whether SIL could affect mitochondrial function by measuring ATP, MMP, as well as respiration, mitochondrial mass, cellular ROS and lactate/pyruvate concentrations. Furthermore, we investigated its effects on the mitochondrial membrane parameters of swelling and fluidity in mitochondria isolated from the brains of mice. In PC12APPsw cells, SIL exhibits strong protective effects by rescuing MMP and ATP levels from SNP-induced mitochondrial damage and improving basal ATP levels. However, SIL did not affect mitochondrial respiration and mitochondrial content. SIL significantly reduced cellular ROS and pyruvate concentrations. Incubation of murine brain mitochondria with SIL significantly reduces Ca2+ induced swelling and improves membrane fluidity. Although OXPHOS activity was unaffected at this early stage of a developing mitochondrial dysfunction, SIL showed protective effects on MMP, ATP- after SNP-insult and ROS-levels in APPsw-transfected PC12 cells. Results from experiments with isolated mitochondria imply that positive effects possibly result from an interaction of SIL with mitochondrial membranes and/or its antioxidant activity. Thus, SIL might be a promising compound to improve cellular health when changes to mitochondrial function occur.
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Ling C, Lei C, Zou M, Cai X, Xiang Y, Xie Y, Li X, Huang D, Wang Y. Neuroprotective effect of apigenin against cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury. J Int Med Res 2021; 48:300060520945859. [PMID: 32993408 PMCID: PMC7536502 DOI: 10.1177/0300060520945859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The therapeutic efficacy of apigenin in PC12 cells and rats remains
uncertain. The aim of this study was to investigate the neuroprotective
effects of apigenin against cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury, both
in vitro and in vivo. Methods We first treated PC12 cells with cobalt chloride (CoCl2) to create
a model of oxidative stress injury. Cell viability was then determined using
a multifunctional microplate reader. In addition, reactive oxygen species
(ROS) levels, apoptosis, and mitochondrial membrane potentials (MMPs) were
examined using high-content cytometer analysis. The efficacy of apigenin
treatment was also analyzed in a rat middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO)
model using TTC staining and neurological deficit scores. Results The half-inhibitory concentration of CoCl2 was 1.2 mM.
Pretreatment with 10 µg ⋅ mL−1 apigenin significantly enhanced
cell viability, reduced ROS levels, alleviated apoptosis, and improved MMP
in PC12 cells with CoCl2-induced injury in
vitro. In addition, apigenin treatment in vivo
significantly improved neurological deficit scores and reduced infarct areas
in MCAO rats. These results suggest that the neuroprotective mechanisms of
apigenin may be related to mitochondrial activation. Conclusions Apigenin had excellent neuroprotective effects for the treatment of cerebral
ischemia/reperfusion injury in vitro and in
vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengli Ling
- Institute of Innovation and Applied Research in Chinese Medicine, Training Base of Province-Ministry Joint State Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Powder and Innovative Medicinals, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, PR China
| | - Chang Lei
- Institute of Innovation and Applied Research in Chinese Medicine, Training Base of Province-Ministry Joint State Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Powder and Innovative Medicinals, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, PR China
| | - Manshu Zou
- Institute of Innovation and Applied Research in Chinese Medicine, Training Base of Province-Ministry Joint State Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Powder and Innovative Medicinals, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, PR China
| | - Xiong Cai
- Institute of Innovation and Applied Research in Chinese Medicine, Training Base of Province-Ministry Joint State Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Powder and Innovative Medicinals, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, PR China
| | - Yun Xiang
- Institute of Innovation and Applied Research in Chinese Medicine, Training Base of Province-Ministry Joint State Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Powder and Innovative Medicinals, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, PR China
| | - Yu Xie
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, PR China
| | - Xuran Li
- School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, PR China
| | - Dan Huang
- Institute of Innovation and Applied Research in Chinese Medicine, Training Base of Province-Ministry Joint State Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Powder and Innovative Medicinals, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, PR China
| | - Yuhong Wang
- Institute of Innovation and Applied Research in Chinese Medicine, Training Base of Province-Ministry Joint State Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Powder and Innovative Medicinals, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, PR China
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He Q, Hu DB, Zhang L, Xia MY, Yan H, Li XN, Luo JF, Wang YS, Yang JH, Wang YH. Neuroprotective compounds from the resinous heartwood of Aquilaria sinensis. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2021; 181:112554. [PMID: 33152579 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2020.112554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Six undescribed compounds, including three sesquiterpenoids [(4S,5S,7S,8S,11R)-7-hydroxyguai-1(10)-en-8,12-olide, aquilarisinone, and 2Z,7(13),9E-humulatrien-12-ol-5-one], one diphenylpentanone [1-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-5-phenylpentan-3-one], and two 2-(2-phenylethyl)chromones (6-epiagarotetrol and triepoxyhexahydrochromone A), along with 15 known compounds, were isolated from the resinous heartwood of Aquilaria sinensis (Thymelaeaceae). Their structures were determined by mass (MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopic data. The absolute configuration of (4S,5S,7S,8S,11R)-7-hydroxyguai-1(10)-en-8,12-olide was confirmed by X-ray diffraction analysis, and the configurations of (4S,7S,8S,10R,11R)-7,10-epoxyguai-1(5)-en-8,12-olide, aquilarisinone, 6-epiagarotetrol, and triepoxyhexahydrochromone A were confirmed by electronic circular dichroism (ECD) calculations. The neuroprotective activities of the compounds were evaluated using models of BACE1 inhibition and PC12 cells with corticosterone- and 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridine ion (MPP+)-induced damage. At concentrations of 1, 2, and 5 μM, triepoxyhexahydrochromone A, (+)-(7R,10R)-selina-4,11(13)-diene-12,15-dial, (-)-(5R,7R,10R)-12,15-dioxo-α-selinene, and (+)-(1R,4S,5R)-1β-hydroxyeremophila-7(11),9-dien-8-one exerted significant protective effects (p < 0.01) on PC12 cell injury induced by corticosterone, while triepoxyhexahydrochromone A and (-)-(5R,7R,10R)-12,15-dioxo-α-selinene exerted significant protective effects (p < 0.01) on MPP+-induced PC12 cell injury at concentrations of 1, 2, and 5 μM. No compounds produced significant inhibitory effects on BACE1, with inhibition rates of less than 20% observed at a concentration of 20 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian He
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Science and Technology, School of Pharmacy, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, PR China; Key Laboratory of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, And State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, PR China
| | - Dong-Bao Hu
- School of Chemical Biology and Environment, Yuxi Normal University, Yuxi, 653100, PR China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, And State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, PR China
| | - Meng-Yuan Xia
- Key Laboratory of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, And State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, PR China
| | - Hui Yan
- Key Laboratory of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, And State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, PR China
| | - Xiao-Nian Li
- Key Laboratory of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, And State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, PR China
| | - Ji-Feng Luo
- Key Laboratory of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, And State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, PR China
| | - Yun-Song Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Science and Technology, School of Pharmacy, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, PR China
| | - Jing-Hua Yang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Science and Technology, School of Pharmacy, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, PR China.
| | - Yue-Hu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, And State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, PR China.
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Zhao J, Zhu M, Kumar M, Ngo FY, Li Y, Lao L, Rong J. A Pharmacological Appraisal of Neuroprotective and Neurorestorative Flavonoids Against Neurodegenerative Diseases. CNS & NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS-DRUG TARGETS 2020; 18:103-114. [PMID: 30394219 DOI: 10.2174/1871527317666181105093834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2018] [Revised: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD) affect an increasing number of the elderly population worldwide. The existing treatments mainly improve the core symptoms of AD and PD in a temporary manner and cause alarming side effects. Naturally occurring flavonoids are well-documented for neuroprotective and neurorestorative effects against various neurodegenerative diseases. Thus, we analyzed the pharmacokinetics of eight potent natural products flavonoids for the druggability and discussed the neuroprotective and neurorestorative effects and the underlying mechanisms. CONCLUSION This review provides valuable clues for the development of novel therapeutics against neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Zhao
- Department of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China.,School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 10 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Mengxia Zhu
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 10 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Mukesh Kumar
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 10 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Fung Yin Ngo
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 10 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yinghui Li
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 10 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Lixing Lao
- Department of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China.,School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 10 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jianhui Rong
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 10 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China.,Institute of Research and Innovation (HKU-SIRI), The University of Hong Kong Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
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12
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Esselun C, Bruns B, Hagl S, Grewal R, Eckert GP. Differential Effects of Silibinin A on Mitochondrial Function in Neuronal PC12 and HepG2 Liver Cells. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:1652609. [PMID: 31871539 PMCID: PMC6906813 DOI: 10.1155/2019/1652609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The Mediterranean plant Silybum marianum L., commonly known as milk thistle, has been used for centuries to treat liver disorders. The flavonolignan silibinin represents a natural antioxidant and the main bioactive ingredient of silymarin (silybin), a standard extract of its seeds. Mitochondrial dysfunction and the associated generation of reactive oxygen/nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) are involved in the development of chronic liver and age-related neurodegenerative diseases. Silibinin A (SIL A) is one of two diastereomers found in silymarin and was used to evaluate the effects of silymarin on mitochondrial parameters including mitochondrial membrane potential and ATP production with and without sodium nitroprusside- (SNP-) induced nitrosative stress, oxidative phosphorylation, and citrate synthase activity in HepG2 and PC12 cells. Both cell lines were influenced by SIL A, but at different concentrations. SIL A significantly weakened nitrosative stress in both cell lines. Low concentrations not only maintained protective properties but also increased basal mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels. However, these effects could not be associated with oxidative phosphorylation. On the other side, high concentrations of SIL A significantly decreased MMP and ATP levels. Although SIL A did not provide a general improvement of the mitochondrial function, our findings show that SIL A protects against SNP-induced nitrosative stress at the level of mitochondria making it potentially beneficial against neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carsten Esselun
- Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Justus-Liebig-University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Bastian Bruns
- Institute of Pharmacology, Goethe-University of Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Stephanie Hagl
- Institute of Pharmacology, Goethe-University of Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Rekha Grewal
- Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Justus-Liebig-University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Gunter P. Eckert
- Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Justus-Liebig-University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany
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13
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Lin KH, Li CY, Hsu YM, Tsai CH, Tsai FJ, Tang CH, Yang JS, Wang ZH, Yin MC. Oridonin, A natural diterpenoid, protected NGF-differentiated PC12 cells against MPP +- and kainic acid-induced injury. Food Chem Toxicol 2019; 133:110765. [PMID: 31430510 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2019.110765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Oridonin (ORI) is a natural diterpenoid presented in some medicinal plants. The effects of pre-treatments from ORI against MPP+- or kainic acid (KA)-induced damage in nerve growth factor (NGF)-differentiated PC12 cells were investigated. Results showed that pre-treatments of ORI at 0.25-2 μM enhanced the viability and plasma membrane integrity of NGF-differentiated PC12 cells. MPP+ or KA exposure down-regulated Bcl-2 mRNA expression, up-regulated Bax mRNA expression, increased caspase-3 activity and decreased Na+-K+ ATPase activity. ORI pre-treatments at test concentrations reversed these changes. ORI pre-treatments decreased reactive oxygen species production, raised glutathione level, and increased glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase and catalase activities in MPP+ or KA treated cells. ORI pre-treatments lowered tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin (IL)-1beta, IL-6 and prostaglandin E2 levels in MPP+ or KA treated cells. ORI also diminished MPP+ or KA induced increase in nuclear factor-κB binding activity. MPP+ exposure suppressed tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) mRNA expression and decreased dopamine content. KA exposure reduced glutamine synthetase (GS) mRNA expression, raised glutamate level and lowered glutamine level. ORI pre-treatments at 0.5-2 μM up-regulated mRNA expression of TH and GS, restored DA and glutamine content. These findings suggested that oridonin was a potent neuro-protective agent against Parkinson's disease and seizure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuan-Ho Lin
- Emergency Department, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Yu Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Asia University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Man Hsu
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Hai Tsai
- China Medical University Children's Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Healthcare Administration, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Fuu-Jen Tsai
- China Medical University Children's Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hsin Tang
- Department of Pharmacology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jai-Sing Yang
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Zhi-Hong Wang
- Department of Food Nutrition and Health Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan.
| | - Mei-Chin Yin
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Food Nutrition and Health Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan.
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14
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Terron A, Bal-Price A, Paini A, Monnet-Tschudi F, Bennekou SH, Leist M, Schildknecht S. An adverse outcome pathway for parkinsonian motor deficits associated with mitochondrial complex I inhibition. Arch Toxicol 2018; 92:41-82. [PMID: 29209747 PMCID: PMC5773657 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-017-2133-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have observed an association between pesticide exposure and the development of Parkinson's disease, but have not established causality. The concept of an adverse outcome pathway (AOP) has been developed as a framework for the organization of available information linking the modulation of a molecular target [molecular initiating event (MIE)], via a sequence of essential biological key events (KEs), with an adverse outcome (AO). Here, we present an AOP covering the toxicological pathways that link the binding of an inhibitor to mitochondrial complex I (i.e., the MIE) with the onset of parkinsonian motor deficits (i.e., the AO). This AOP was developed according to the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development guidelines and uploaded to the AOP database. The KEs linking complex I inhibition to parkinsonian motor deficits are mitochondrial dysfunction, impaired proteostasis, neuroinflammation, and the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra. These KEs, by convention, were linearly organized. However, there was also evidence of additional feed-forward connections and shortcuts between the KEs, possibly depending on the intensity of the insult and the model system applied. The present AOP demonstrates mechanistic plausibility for epidemiological observations on a relationship between pesticide exposure and an elevated risk for Parkinson's disease development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Alicia Paini
- European Commission Joint Research Centre, Ispra, Italy
| | | | | | - Marcel Leist
- In Vitro Toxicology and Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstr. 10, PO Box M657, 78457, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Stefan Schildknecht
- In Vitro Toxicology and Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstr. 10, PO Box M657, 78457, Konstanz, Germany.
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15
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Siddique YH, Jyoti S. Alteration in biochemical parameters in the brain of transgenic Drosophila melanogaster model of Parkinson's disease exposed to apigenin. Integr Med Res 2017; 6:245-253. [PMID: 28951838 PMCID: PMC5605376 DOI: 10.1016/j.imr.2017.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oxidative stress is one of the key components of the pathology of various neurodegenerative disorders. Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by the progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons owing to the aggregation of alpha-synuclein (αS) in the brain. A number of polyphenols have been reported to inhibit the αS aggregation resulting in the possible prevention of PD. The involvement of free radicals in mediating the neuronal death in PD has also been implicated. METHODS In the present study, the transgenic flies expressing human αS in the brain were exposed to 10 μM, 20 μM, 40 μM, and 80 μM of apigenin established in diet for 24 days. RESULTS The flies showed an increase in life span, glutathione, and dopamine content. The exposure of PD flies to various doses of apigenin also results in the reduction of glutathione-S-transferase activity, lipid peroxidation, monoamine oxidase, caspase-3, and caspase-9 activity in a dose-dependent manner. CONCLUSION The results of the present study reveal that apigenin is potent in increasing the life span, dopamine content, reduced the oxidative stress as well as apoptosis in transgenic Drosophila model of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasir Hasan Siddique
- Drosophila Transgenic Laboratory, Section of Genetics, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
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16
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Zhou X, Wang F, Zhou R, Song X, Xie M. Apigenin: A current review on its beneficial biological activities. J Food Biochem 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.12376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases; College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University; Suzhou Jiangsu Province 215123 China
| | - Feng Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases; College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University; Suzhou Jiangsu Province 215123 China
| | - Ruijun Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases; College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University; Suzhou Jiangsu Province 215123 China
| | - Xiuming Song
- Lianyungang Runzhong Pharmaceutical Co, Ltd.; Lianyungang Jiangsu Province 222069 China
| | - Meilin Xie
- Department of Pharmacology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases; College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University; Suzhou Jiangsu Province 215123 China
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17
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Abushouk AI, Negida A, Ahmed H, Abdel-Daim MM. Neuroprotective mechanisms of plant extracts against MPTP induced neurotoxicity: Future applications in Parkinson's disease. Biomed Pharmacother 2016; 85:635-645. [PMID: 27890431 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.11.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Revised: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease after Alzheimer's disease, affecting about seven to 10 million patients worldwide. The major pathological features of PD are loss of dopaminergic neurons in the nigrostriatal pathway and accumulation of alpha-synuclein molecules, forming Lewy bodies. Until now, there is no effective cure for PD, and investigators are searching for neuroprotective strategies to stop or slow the disease progression. The MPTP (1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine) induced neurotoxicity of the nigrostriatal pathway has been used to initiate PD in animal models. Multiple experimental studies showed the ability of several plant extracts to protect against MPTP induced neurotoxicity through activation of catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione reductase enzymes, which reduce the cellular concentration of free radicals, preventing intracellular Ca++ release and subsequent apoptosis signaling. Other neuroprotective mechanisms of plant extracts include promoting autophagy of alpha-synuclein molecules and exerting an antiapoptotic activity via inhibition of proteolytic poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase and preventing caspase cleavage. The variety of neuroprotective mechanisms of natural plant extracts may allow researchers to target PD progression in different pathological stages and may be through multiple pathways. Further investigations are required to translate these neuroprotective mechanisms into safe and effective treatments for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelrahman Ibrahim Abushouk
- Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt; NovaMed Medical research Association, Cairo, Egypt; Medical Research Group of Egypt, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Negida
- Medical Research Group of Egypt, Cairo, Egypt; Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, El-Sharkia, Egypt; Student Research Unit, Zagazig University, Zagazig, El-Sharkia, Egypt
| | - Hussien Ahmed
- Medical Research Group of Egypt, Cairo, Egypt; Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, El-Sharkia, Egypt; Student Research Unit, Zagazig University, Zagazig, El-Sharkia, Egypt
| | - Mohamed M Abdel-Daim
- Pharmacology department, Faculty of veterinary medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt.
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18
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Chen CM, Chen IC, Chen YL, Lin TH, Chen WL, Chao CY, Wu YR, Lu YT, Lee CY, Chien HC, Chen TS, Lee-Chen GJ, Lee CM. Medicinal herbs Oenanthe javanica (Blume) DC., Casuarina equisetifolia L. and Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench protect human cells from MPP + damage via inducing FBXO7 expression. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 23:1422-1433. [PMID: 27765362 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2016.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2015] [Revised: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The F-box protein 7 (FBXO7) mutations have been identified in families with early-onset parkinsonism and pyramidal tract signs, and designated as PARK15. In addition, FBXO7 mutations were found in typical and young onset Parkinson's disease (PD). Evidence has also shown that FBXO7 plays an important role in the development of dopaminergic neurons and increased stability and overexpression of FBXO7 may be beneficial to PD. PURPOSE We screened extracts of medicinal herbs to enhance FBXO7 expression for neuroprotection in MPP+-treated cells. METHODS Promoter reporter assay in HEK-293 cells was used to examine the cis/trans elements controlling FBXO7 expression and to screen extracts of medicinal herbs enhancing FBXO7 expression. MTT assay was performed to assess cell viability of MPP+-treated HEK-293/SH-SY5Y cells. In addition, proteasome activity, mitochondrial membrane potential and FBXO7/TRAF2/GATA2 protein expression were evaluated. RESULTS We demonstrated that -202--57 region of the FBXO7 promoter is likely to contain sequences that are bound by positive trans protein factors to activate FBXO7 expression and GATA2 is the main trans protein factor enhancing FBXO7 expression. Extracts of medicinal herbs Oenanthe javanica (Blume) DC. (Umbelliferae), Casuarina equisetifolia L. (Casuarinaceae), and Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench (Gramineae) improved cell viability of both MPP+-treated HEK-293 and SH-SY5Y cells, rescued proteasome activity in MPP+-treated HEK-293 cells, and restored mitochondrial membrane potential in MPP+-treated SH-SY5Y cells. These protection effects of herbal extracts are acting through enhancing FBXO7 and decreasing TRAF2 expression, which is probably mediated by GATA2 induction. CONCLUSION Collectively, our study provides new targets, FBXO7 and its regulator GATA2, for the development of potential treatments of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiung-Mei Chen
- Department of Neurology, Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang-Gung University College of Medicine, Taipei 10507, Taiwan
| | - I-Cheng Chen
- Department of Neurology, Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang-Gung University College of Medicine, Taipei 10507, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Lin Chen
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, 88 Ting-Chou Road, Section 4, Taipei 11677, Taiwan
| | - Te-Hsien Lin
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, 88 Ting-Chou Road, Section 4, Taipei 11677, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Ling Chen
- Department of Neurology, Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang-Gung University College of Medicine, Taipei 10507, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Ying Chao
- Department of Neurology, Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang-Gung University College of Medicine, Taipei 10507, Taiwan
| | - Yih-Ru Wu
- Department of Neurology, Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang-Gung University College of Medicine, Taipei 10507, Taiwan
| | - Yeah-Ting Lu
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, 88 Ting-Chou Road, Section 4, Taipei 11677, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Yu Lee
- Center of Excellence for Drug Development, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu 31040, Taiwan
| | - Hong-Chi Chien
- Center of Excellence for Drug Development, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu 31040, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Shou Chen
- Center of Excellence for Diagnostic Products, Biomedical Technology and Device Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu 31040, Taiwan
| | - Guey-Jen Lee-Chen
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, 88 Ting-Chou Road, Section 4, Taipei 11677, Taiwan.
| | - Chi-Mei Lee
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, 88 Ting-Chou Road, Section 4, Taipei 11677, Taiwan.
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Tsaroucha AK, Tsiaousidou A, Ouzounidis N, Tsalkidou E, Lambropoulou M, Giakoustidis D, Chatzaki E, Simopoulos C. Intraperitoneal administration of apigenin in liver ischemia/reperfusion injury protective effects. Saudi J Gastroenterol 2016; 22:415-422. [PMID: 27976636 PMCID: PMC5184741 DOI: 10.4103/1319-3767.195556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Hepatic injury caused by ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) is a clinical problem associated with major liver surgery. Among other flavonoids, apigenin has shown a promising effect on I/R cases. In this study, we have investigated the effects of apigenin after liver I/R injury in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty eight rats were randomized into the following eight groups: (1) Control-sham group: rats subjected to the surgical procedure, except for liver I/R; (2) DMSO group: rats subjected to surgery, except for liver I/R given the apigenin solvent dimethyl-sulfoxide intraperitoneally; (3) C60 group; (4) C120 group; (5) C240 group: rats underwent liver ischemia for 45 min followed by reperfusion for 60 min, 120 min, and 240 min; (6) AP60 group; (7) AP120 group; (8) AP240 group: rats underwent liver ischemia for 45 min, and then given apigenin (5 mg) intraperitoneally followed by reperfusion for 60 min, 120 min, and 240 min. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction was performed on liver tissues to measure BCL-2/BAX expression, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to measure M30/M65 and ICAM-1. Immunohistochemistry was used to identify M30 biomarker in liver tissues. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS Quantitative variables were tested by Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, repeated measures analysis of variance/Friedman test. Gene levels were assessed by Student's t-test/Mann-Whitney U-test. RESULTS BCL-2 levels were significantly higher in I/R apigenin groups than in I/R control groups. BAX levels were lower in the AP240 group than in C240 group. Prolongation of reperfusion resulted in increased activation of M30. ICAM-1 levels were lower in the AP240 group than in C240 group. CONCLUSIONS Apigenin seems to inhibit the process of apoptosis and ameliorate the hepatic I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra K. Tsaroucha
- Department of Surgery and Laboratory of Experimental Surgery, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Konstantinoupoleos, Thessaloniki, Greece,Postgraduate Program in Hepatobiliary/Pancreatic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Konstantinoupoleos, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Anastasia Tsiaousidou
- Postgraduate Program in Hepatobiliary/Pancreatic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Konstantinoupoleos, Thessaloniki, Greece,Address for correspondence: Dr. Anastasia Tsiaousidou, 60 Lister Court, DD2 1UY, Dundee, UK. E-mail:
| | - Nikolaos Ouzounidis
- Postgraduate Program in Hepatobiliary/Pancreatic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Konstantinoupoleos, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Evanthia Tsalkidou
- Postgraduate Program in Hepatobiliary/Pancreatic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Konstantinoupoleos, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Maria Lambropoulou
- Laboratory of Histology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Konstantinoupoleos, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Giakoustidis
- Department of Transplant Surgery, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Konstantinoupoleos, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Ekaterini Chatzaki
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Democritus University of Thrace, Dragana Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Constantinos Simopoulos
- Department of Surgery and Laboratory of Experimental Surgery, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Konstantinoupoleos, Thessaloniki, Greece,Postgraduate Program in Hepatobiliary/Pancreatic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Konstantinoupoleos, Thessaloniki, Greece
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20
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Yarla NS, Bishayee A, Sethi G, Reddanna P, Kalle AM, Dhananjaya BL, Dowluru KSVGK, Chintala R, Duddukuri GR. Targeting arachidonic acid pathway by natural products for cancer prevention and therapy. Semin Cancer Biol 2016; 40-41:48-81. [PMID: 26853158 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2016.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 221] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Revised: 01/23/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Arachidonic acid (AA) pathway, a metabolic process, plays a key role in carcinogenesis. Hence, AA pathway metabolic enzymes phospholipase A2s (PLA2s), cyclooxygenases (COXs) and lipoxygenases (LOXs) and their metabolic products, such as prostaglandins and leukotrienes, have been considered novel preventive and therapeutic targets in cancer. Bioactive natural products are a good source for development of novel cancer preventive and therapeutic drugs, which have been widely used in clinical practice due to their safety profiles. AA pathway inhibitory natural products have been developed as chemopreventive and therapeutic agents against several cancers. Curcumin, resveratrol, apigenin, anthocyans, berberine, ellagic acid, eugenol, fisetin, ursolic acid, [6]-gingerol, guggulsteone, lycopene and genistein are well known cancer chemopreventive agents which act by targeting multiple pathways, including COX-2. Nordihydroguaiaretic acid and baicalein can be chemopreventive molecules against various cancers by inhibiting LOXs. Several PLA2s inhibitory natural products have been identified with chemopreventive and therapeutic potentials against various cancers. In this review, we critically discuss the possible utility of natural products as preventive and therapeutic agents against various oncologic diseases, including prostate, pancreatic, lung, skin, gastric, oral, blood, head and neck, colorectal, liver, cervical and breast cancers, by targeting AA pathway. Further, the current status of clinical studies evaluating AA pathway inhibitory natural products in cancer is reviewed. In addition, various emerging issues, including bioavailability, toxicity and explorability of combination therapy, for the development of AA pathway inhibitory natural products as chemopreventive and therapeutic agents against human malignancy are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagendra Sastry Yarla
- Department of Biochemisty/Bionformatics, Institute of Science, GITAM University, Rushikonda, Visakhapatnam 530 045, Adhra Pradesh, India
| | - Anupam Bishayee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Larkin Health Sciences Institute, 18301 N. Miami Avenue, Miami, FL 33169, USA.
| | - Gautam Sethi
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117600, Singapore; School of Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Biosciences Research Precinct, Curtin University, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Pallu Reddanna
- Department of Animal Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Gachibowli, Hyderabad 500 046, Telagana, India
| | - Arunasree M Kalle
- Department of Animal Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Gachibowli, Hyderabad 500 046, Telagana, India; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Laboratory of Human Environmental Epigenomes, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Bhadrapura Lakkappa Dhananjaya
- Toxinology/Toxicology and Drug Discovery Unit, Center for Emerging Technologies, Jain Global Campus, Jain University, Kanakapura Taluk, Ramanagara 562 112, Karnataka, India
| | - Kaladhar S V G K Dowluru
- Department of Biochemisty/Bionformatics, Institute of Science, GITAM University, Rushikonda, Visakhapatnam 530 045, Adhra Pradesh, India; Department of Microbiology and Bioinformatics, Bilaspur University, Bilaspur 495 001, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Ramakrishna Chintala
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Institute of Science, GITAM University, Rushikonda, Visakhapatnam 530 045, Adhra Pradesh, India
| | - Govinda Rao Duddukuri
- Department of Biochemisty/Bionformatics, Institute of Science, GITAM University, Rushikonda, Visakhapatnam 530 045, Adhra Pradesh, India.
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Neurodegenerative Diseases: Might Citrus Flavonoids Play a Protective Role? Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21101312. [PMID: 27706034 PMCID: PMC6274333 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21101312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Revised: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases (ND) result from the gradual and progressive degeneration of the structure and function of the central nervous system or the peripheral nervous system or both. They are characterized by deterioration of neurons and/or myelin sheath, disruption of sensory information transmission and loss of movement control. There is no effective treatment for ND, and the drugs currently marketed are symptom-oriented, albeit with several side effects. Within the past decades, several natural remedies have gained attention as potential neuroprotective drugs. Moreover, an increasing number of studies have suggested that dietary intake of vegetables and fruits can prevent or delay the onset of ND. These properties are mainly due to the presence of polyphenols, an important group of phytochemicals that are abundantly present in fruits, vegetables, cereals and beverages. The main class of polyphenols is flavonoids, abundant in Citrus fruits. Our review is an overview on the scientific literature concerning the neuroprotective effects of the Citrus flavonoids in the prevention or treatment of ND. This review may be used as scientific basis for the development of nutraceuticals, food supplements or complementary and alternative drugs to maintain and improve the neurophysiological status.
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Gao S, Li W, Zou W, Zhang P, Tian Y, Xiao F, Gu H, Tang X. H2S protects PC12 cells against toxicity of corticosterone by modulation of BDNF-TrkB pathway. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2015; 47:915-24. [PMID: 26423115 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmv098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Accepted: 07/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Corticosterone, one of the glucocorticoids, is toxic to neurons and plays an important role in depressive-like behavior and depression. We previously showed that hydrogen sulfide (H2S), a novel physiological mediator, plays an inhibitory role in depression. However, the mechanism underlying H2S-triggered antidepressant-like role is not clearly known. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), a neurotrophic factor, plays a neuroprotective role that is mediated by its high-affinity tropomysin-related kinase B (TrkB) receptor. In this study, to investigate the underlying mechanism of H2S-induced antidepressant-like role, we explored whether H2S could protect neurons against corticosterone-mediated cyctotoxicity and whether this protective role of H2S was involved in the regulation of BDNF-TrkB pathway. Our data demonstrated that sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS), the donor of H2S, could prevent corticosterone-induced cytotoxicity, apoptosis, accumulation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) in PC12 cells. NaHS not only induced the up-regulation of BDNF but also prevented the down-regulation of BDNF by corticosterone. It was also found that blocking BDNF-TrkB pathway by K252a, an inhibitor of TrkB, abolished the protection of H2S against corticosterone-induced cytotoxicity, apoptosis, accumulation of ROS, and loss of MMP. These results suggest that H2S protects against the neurotoxicity of corticosterone by modulation of the BDNF-TrkB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenglan Gao
- Institute of Neuroscience, Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang 42100, China Key Laboratory for Cognitive Disorders and Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Wenting Li
- Department of Neurology, Nanhua Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Wei Zou
- Department of Neurology, Nanhua Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Ping Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Nanhua Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Ying Tian
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Fan Xiao
- Institute of Neuroscience, Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang 42100, China Key Laboratory for Cognitive Disorders and Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Hongfeng Gu
- Institute of Neuroscience, Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang 42100, China Key Laboratory for Cognitive Disorders and Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Xiaoqing Tang
- Institute of Neuroscience, Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang 42100, China Key Laboratory for Cognitive Disorders and Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China Department of Neurology, Nanhua Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
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