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Li G, Hu F, Yuan F, Fan J, Yu Z, Wu Z, Zhao X, Li Y, Li S, Rong J, Cui B, Dong X, Yuan H, Zhao Y. Intronic and promoter polymorphisms of hMLH1/hMSH2 and colorectal cancer risk in Heilongjiang Province of China. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2015; 141:1393-404. [PMID: 25560462 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-014-1898-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2014] [Accepted: 12/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Given that mismatch repair (MMR) system plays an important role in recognizing and removing insertion/deletion mutations which occur during DNA replication, common variants associated with impaired MMR system may thus increase risk of colorectal cancer (CRC). Therefore, we aimed to demonstrate the associations between common variants in two MMR genes (hMLH1 and hMSH2) and CRC risk. METHODS We genotyped 10 intronic/promoter single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of hMLH1 and hMSH2 in 451 CRC patients and 630 controls. Associations between genotypes and CRC risk were estimated using odds ratios and 95 % confidence intervals. Gene-gene interactions, as well as gene-environment interactions on CRC risk were also investigated. RESULTS We found that IVS15-214T>C and IVS11 + 107A>G of hMSH2 were significantly associated with CRC risk. In dominant model, variant carriers of the two SNPs could decrease risk of CRC by 31 % (ORadj = 0.69, 95 % CI 0.53-0.91, p < 0.01) and 33 % (ORadj = 0.67, 95 % CI 0.47-0.95, p = 0.02), respectively. In addition, IVS7-212T>A, IVS11+183A>G and IVS8+719T>C of hMSH2 were associated with the susceptibility to colon cancer rather than rectal cancer. ATTTGGGT and TCTTAGAC haplotypes were associated with 44 and 45 % decreased risk of CRC, respectively, while ATTTGAGT and TTTCAGAC haplotypes were associated with 1.37-fold and 2.49-fold increased risk of CRC, respectively. There was a significant three-way gene-gene interaction among hMSH2 IVS11+107A>G, IVS11+183A>G and IVS8+719T>C (p < 0.01). Significant gene-environment interactions were observed between hMSH2 IVS15-214T>C and IVS11+107A>G and cereals consumption (both with p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggested that intronic SNPs, gene-gene and gene-environment interactions in hMSH2 might be associated with susceptibility to CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangxiao Li
- Department of Epidemiology, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Street, Nangang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China
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Abstract
PURPOSE Lifestyle factors and environmental exposures might help explain the risk of colorectal carcinoma in countries where the incidence is low, but unique patterns of young onset and a high proportion of rectal cancer exist. METHODS We obtained detailed lifestyle information from 421 patients with colorectal cancer and 439 hospital-controls in Egypt. Logistic regression models were computed to evaluate the risk factors of colorectal carcinoma. RESULTS A history of pesticide exposure and more frequently eating food directly from farms were significantly associated with a higher risk of colorectal carcinoma (odds ratio = 2.6; 95% CI = 1.1-5.9, and odds ratio = 4.6; 95% CI = 1.5-14.6, respectively). Parous women who reported 7 or more live births or breastfed for 19 months or longer per live birth had a significantly lower risk for colorectal carcinoma (odds ratio = 0.3; 95% CI = 0.2-0.7, and odds ratio = 0.2; 95% CI = 0.1-0.4, respectively). Compared with patients aged 40 years or older, industrial exposures were more common in younger patients (P = .05). CONCLUSIONS Agricultural and industrial exposures were associated with increased risk of colorectal carcinoma, whereas prolonged lactation and increased parity were inversely associated with colorectal carcinoma in women. Further research to elucidate the biological role of intense environmental and industrial exposures and reproductive factors including lactation may further clarify the etiology of colorectal cancer.
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Fan YH, Hu Z, Li C, Wang LE, Guo Z, Qiao Y, Zhang L, Zhang W, Mao L, Wei Q. In vitro expression levels of cell-cycle checkpoint proteins are associated with cellular DNA repair capacity in peripheral blood lymphocytes: a multivariate analysis. J Proteome Res 2007; 6:1560-7. [PMID: 17362036 PMCID: PMC2579792 DOI: 10.1021/pr060655k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
DNA repair should occur after cells sense DNA damage signals and undergo cell-cycle arrest to provide sufficient time for DNA repair, and suboptimal DNA repair capacity (DRC) in peripheral lymphocytes has been suggested as a cancer susceptibility marker. Numerous studies showed a functional link between DNA damage sensing, cell-cycle checkpoint, and DNA repair. We hypothesized that in vitro cell-cycle checkpoint-related protein expression levels in stimulated lymphocytes predict DRC levels. To test this hypothesis, we performed the host-cell reactivation assay for DRC by transfecting stimulated peripheral blood lymphocytes from 120 normal donors with transient expression plasmids damaged by benzo[a]pyrene diol epoxide (BPDE). The same cells were assessed for protein expression induction of eight cell-cycle checkpoint-related genes using the reverse-phase protein lysate microarray assay. In multivariate linear regression analysis adjusting for age, sex, blastogenic rate, and sample storage duration, the association between DRC and expression levels of cell-cycle checkpoint-related proteins induced by BPDE-adducts was statistically significant for p27, CCND1, ATM, and MDM2 (P = 0.00, 0.03, 0.03, and 0.03, respectively), borderline for p73 and p21 (P = 0.07 and 0.09, respectively), but not for p53 and p16 (P = 0.13 and 0.18, respectively). Because the relative expression levels of all these eight proteins were highly correlated, we further performed the principal component analysis and identified ATM as the most important predictor of DRC, followed by MDM2 and p27. Our results provide population-based in vitro evidence demonstrating that cell-cycle checkpoint-related proteins play essential roles in regulating DNA repair, at least in unaffected human peripheral blood lymphocytes. Further studies are warranted to investigate the role of interindividual variation in the expression levels of these proteins in cancer susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- You-Hong Fan
- Department of Thoracic and Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Zhibin Hu
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Chunying Li
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Li-E Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Zhaozheng Guo
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Yawei Qiao
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Li Mao
- Department of Thoracic and Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030
- The University of Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Qingyi Wei
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030
- The University of Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, Texas 77030
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Zekri ARN, Sabry GM, Bahnassy AA, Shalaby KA, Abdel-Wahabh SA, Zakaria S. Mismatch repair genes ( hMLH1, hPMS1, hPMS2, GTBP/hMSH6, hMSH2) in the pathogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma. World J Gastroenterol 2005; 11:3020-6. [PMID: 15918183 PMCID: PMC4305833 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v11.i20.3020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: DNA mismatch repair (MMR) is an important mechanism for maintaining fidelity of genomic DNA. Abnormalities in one or more MMR genes are implicated in the development of many cancers. We investigated the role of expression of MMR genes (hMLH1, hPMS1, hPMS2, GTBP/hMSH6, hMSH2) in hepatocellular carcinogenesis.
METHODS: We evaluated the expression level of MMR genes in 33 hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cases using the multiplex reverse transcription (RT) PCR assays, as well as in 16 cases of normal adjacent hepatic tissues. β-actin gene was used as an internal control and calibrator for quantification of gene expression.
RESULTS: Out of the 33 studied cases, 25 were HCV positive and 30 (90.9%) showed reduced expression in one or more of the studied MMR genes. Reduced expression was found in hMSH2 (71.9%), hMLH1 (53.3%), GTBP (51.1%), hPMS2 (33.3%) and hPMS1 (6%). A significant correlation was found between reduced expression of hPMS2 (P = 0.0069) and GTBP (P = 0.0034), hPMS2 and non-cirrhosis (P = 0.0197), hMLH1 and high grade. On the other hand, 57.1%, 50%, 20%, 18.8%, and 6% of the normal tissues distant to tumors showed reduced expression of hMSH2, hMLH1, GTBP, hPMS2, and hPMS1 respectively. Multivariate analysis revealed a significant correlation between the expression level of hMSH2 (P = 0.008), hMLH1 (P = 0.001) and GTBP (P = 0.032) and HCC, between hPMS2, GTBP and HCV-associated HCC (P<0.001, 0.002).
CONCLUSION: Reduced expression of MMR genes seems to play an important role in HCV-associated HCC. hPMS2 is likely involved at an early stage of hepatocarcinogenesis since it was detected in normal adjacent tissues. Reduced expression of hPMS2 provides a growth advantage and stimulates proliferation which encourages malignant transformation in non-cirrhotic HCV-infected patients via acquisition of more genetic damages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdel-Rahman N Zekri
- Virology and Immunology Unit, Cancer Biology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini St., Fom El-Khaig, Cairo 11796, Egypt.
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Bahnassy AA, Zekri ARN, El-Houssini S, El-Shehaby AMR, Mahmoud MR, Abdallah S, El-Serafi M. Cyclin A and cyclin D1 as significant prognostic markers in colorectal cancer patients. BMC Gastroenterol 2004; 4:22. [PMID: 15385053 PMCID: PMC524166 DOI: 10.1186/1471-230x-4-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2004] [Accepted: 09/23/2004] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Colorectal cancer is a common cancer all over the world. Aberrations in the cell cycle checkpoints have been shown to be of prognostic significance in colorectal cancer. Methods The expression of cyclin D1, cyclin A, histone H3 and Ki-67 was examined in 60 colorectal cancer cases for co-regulation and impact on overall survival using immunohistochemistry, southern blot and in situ hybridization techniques. Immunoreactivity was evaluated semi quantitatively by determining the staining index of the studied proteins. Results There was a significant correlation between cyclin D1 gene amplification and protein overexpression (concordance = 63.6%) and between Ki-67 and the other studied proteins. The staining index for Ki-67, cyclin A and D1 was higher in large, poorly differentiated tumors. The staining index of cyclin D1 was significantly higher in cases with deeply invasive tumors and nodal metastasis. Overexpression of cyclin A and D1 and amplification of cyclin D1 were associated with reduced overall survival. Multivariate analysis shows that cyclin D1 and A are two independent prognostic factors in colorectal cancer patients. Conclusions Loss of cell cycle checkpoints control is common in colorectal cancer. Cyclin A and D1 are superior independent indicators of poor prognosis in colorectal cancer patients. Therefore, they may help in predicting the clinical outcome of those patients on an individual basis and could be considered important therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abeer A Bahnassy
- Pathology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
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Soliman AS, Bondy ML, El-Badawy SA, Mokhtar N, Eissa S, Bayoumy S, Seifeldin IA, Houlihan PS, Lukish JR, Watanabe T, Chan AO, Zhu D, Amos CI, Levin B, Hamilton SR. Contrasting molecular pathology of colorectal carcinoma in Egyptian and Western patients. Br J Cancer 2001. [PMID: 11592777 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6691838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal carcinoma is uncommon in Egypt, but a high proportion of cases occurs before age 40 years and in the rectum. We compared the molecular pathology of 59 representative Egyptian patients aged 10-72 to Western patients with sporadic, young-onset, or hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer syndrome (HNPCC)-associated carcinoma and found significant differences. Most Egyptian cancers were rectal (51%) and poorly differentiated (58%). High levels of microsatellite instability (MSI-H) were frequent (37%) and attributable in some cases (36%) to methylation of the promoter of the hMLH1 mismatch repair gene, but no MSI-H cancer had loss of hMSH2 mismatch repair gene product of the type seen with germline hMSH2 mutation in HNPCC. K-ras mutation was uncommon (11%). In subset analyses, high frequencies of MSI-H in rectal carcinomas (36%) and p53 gene product overexpression in MSI-H cancers (50%) were found. MSI-H and K-ras mutation in Egyptians under age 40 were unusual (17% and 0%, respectively), and schistosomiasis was associated with MSI and K-ras mutation. Cluster analysis identified 2 groups: predominantly young men with poorly differentiated mucinous and signet-ring cell colorectal carcinoma lacking K-ras mutation; older patients who had well- or moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma often with MSI-H, K-ras mutation and schistosomiasis. Our findings show that the molecular pathology of colorectal cancer in older as well as younger Egyptians has unique differences from Western patients, and schistosomiasis influences the molecular pathogenesis of some tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Soliman
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Soliman AS, Bondy ML, El-Badawy SA, Mokhtar N, Eissa S, Bayoumy S, Seifeldin IA, Houlihan PS, Lukish JR, Watanabe T, Chan AO, Zhu D, Amos CI, Levin B, Hamilton SR. Contrasting molecular pathology of colorectal carcinoma in Egyptian and Western patients. Br J Cancer 2001; 85:1037-46. [PMID: 11592777 PMCID: PMC2375101 DOI: 10.1054/bjoc.2001.1838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2000] [Revised: 02/22/2001] [Accepted: 02/28/2001] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal carcinoma is uncommon in Egypt, but a high proportion of cases occurs before age 40 years and in the rectum. We compared the molecular pathology of 59 representative Egyptian patients aged 10-72 to Western patients with sporadic, young-onset, or hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer syndrome (HNPCC)-associated carcinoma and found significant differences. Most Egyptian cancers were rectal (51%) and poorly differentiated (58%). High levels of microsatellite instability (MSI-H) were frequent (37%) and attributable in some cases (36%) to methylation of the promoter of the hMLH1 mismatch repair gene, but no MSI-H cancer had loss of hMSH2 mismatch repair gene product of the type seen with germline hMSH2 mutation in HNPCC. K-ras mutation was uncommon (11%). In subset analyses, high frequencies of MSI-H in rectal carcinomas (36%) and p53 gene product overexpression in MSI-H cancers (50%) were found. MSI-H and K-ras mutation in Egyptians under age 40 were unusual (17% and 0%, respectively), and schistosomiasis was associated with MSI and K-ras mutation. Cluster analysis identified 2 groups: predominantly young men with poorly differentiated mucinous and signet-ring cell colorectal carcinoma lacking K-ras mutation; older patients who had well- or moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma often with MSI-H, K-ras mutation and schistosomiasis. Our findings show that the molecular pathology of colorectal cancer in older as well as younger Egyptians has unique differences from Western patients, and schistosomiasis influences the molecular pathogenesis of some tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Soliman
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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