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Patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models of colorectal carcinoma (CRC) as a platform for chemosensitivity and biomarker analysis in personalized medicine. Neoplasia 2020; 23:21-35. [PMID: 33212364 PMCID: PMC7680704 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2020.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Patient-derived xenograft (PDX) tumor models represent a valuable platform for identifying new biomarkers and novel targets, to evaluate therapy response and resistance mechanisms. This study aimed at establishment, characterization and therapy testing of colorectal carcinoma-derived PDX. We generated 49 PDX and validated identity between patient tumor and corresponding PDX. Sensitivity of PDX toward conventional and targeted drugs revealed that 92% of PDX responded toward irinotecan, 45% toward 5-FU, 65% toward bevacizumab, and 61% toward cetuximab. Expression of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) ligands correlated to the sensitivity toward cetuximab. Proto-oncogene B-RAF, EGFR, Kirsten rat sarcoma virus oncogene homolog gene copy number correlated positively with cetuximab and erlotinib sensitivity. The mutational analyses revealed an individual mutational profile of PDX and mainly identical profiles of PDX from primary tumor vs corresponding metastasis. Mutation in PIK3CA was a determinant of accelerated tumor doubling time. PDX with wildtype Kirsten rat sarcoma virus oncogene homolog, proto-oncogene B-RAF, and phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinaseM catalytic subunit alfa showed higher sensitivity toward cetuximab and erlotinib. To study the molecular mechanism of cetuximab resistance, cetuximab resistant PDX models were generated, and changes in HER2, HER3, betacellulin, transforming growth factor alfa were observed. Global proteome and phosphoproteome profiling showed a reduction in canonical EGFR-mediated signaling via PTPN11 (SHP2) and AKT1S1 (PRAS40) and an increase in anti-apoptotic signaling as a consequence of acquired cetuximab resistance. This demonstrates that PDX models provide a multitude of possibilities to identify and validate biomarkers, signaling pathways and resistance mechanisms for clinically relevant improvement in cancer therapy.
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Induced cross-resistance of BRAF V600E melanoma cells to standard chemotherapeutic dacarbazine after chronic PLX4032 treatment. Sci Rep 2019; 9:30. [PMID: 30631106 PMCID: PMC6328535 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-37188-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The maximum response and 10-year survival rate for metastatic melanoma patients treated with standardised chemotherapy is still less than 15% and 10%, respectively. In contrast, oncogene targeting was found a promising tool for killing of BRAFV600 mutated melanoma cells. Nevertheless, despite improved response and survival rates, resistance acquisition remains an ongoing problem. In this context, the impact of chronic BRAF inhibition on the efficacy of commonly applied cytostatics is still unknown. In our study, human melanoma cells with BRAFV600E mutation were treated with chemotherapeutics and a BRAF inhibitor. Resistance patterns were analysed by microelectrode array-based impedance spectroscopy, XTT and flow cytometric apoptosis/proliferation assay. BRAFV600E melanoma cells acquired a time- and concentration-dependent desensitisation up to 100-fold towards oncogene-specific PLX4032 and chemotherapeutic dacarbazine after twelve months treatment. The impact of multiple drug insensitivity on molecular melanoma characteristics was elaborated via mRNA and protein quantification. Following BRAFV600E targeting, melanoma cells developed an increasingly aggressive, dacarbazine-insensitive phenotype. Thereby, hyperactivated canonical alternative MAPK and bypass PI3K/AKT signalling caused cross-resistance of differently acting drugs. With these results, we are the first to show that long-term melanoma therapy with BRAF inhibitors can prevent further therapeutic success with dacarbazine due to acquisition of cross-resistance.
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Liang YY, Chen MY, Hua YJ, Chen S, Zheng LS, Cao X, Peng LX, Xie P, Huang BJ, Sun R, Wang L, Xiang YQ, Guo X, Qian CN. Downregulation of Ras association domain family member 6 (RASSF6) underlies the treatment resistance of highly metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells. PLoS One 2014; 9:e100843. [PMID: 25028967 PMCID: PMC4100732 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0100843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2013] [Accepted: 05/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiation and cisplatin-based chemotherapy are major treatments for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). However, a major impediment for further improving the cure rate is the development of treatment resistance with an undetermined molecular mechanism in metastatic NPC cells. Our established, highly metastatic NPC cells have been reported to be more resistant to cisplatin chemotherapy. In the present study, we found that Ras association domain family member 6 (RASSF6) was downregulated in highly metastatic cells but upregulated in low metastatic cells in comparison to their parental cell line. Ectopic-expression of RASSF6 enhanced the sensitivity of highly metastatic NPC cells to cisplatin or radiation by enhancing apoptosis. RASSF6 depletion conversely reduced treatment sensitivity by decreasing the apoptosis rate. Over-expression of RASSF6 in highly metastatic NPC cells could enhance the phosphorylation of JNK when exposed to cisplatin or radiation treatment, while knocking down RASSF6 in low metastatic NPC cells could reduce the level of phospho-JNK when exposed to the same treatments. The activation of JNK signaling by RASSF6 and its subsequent sensitivity to apoptosis in NPC cells could be inhibited by applying the JNK inhibitor SP600125. In conclusion, the downregulation of RASSF6 in highly metastatic NPC cells contributed to their treatment resistance, and over-expression of RASSF6 conferred treatment sensitivity to highly metastatic NPC cells by activating JNK signaling. RASSF6 could be a valuable molecular marker for identifying sensitive metastatic NPC tumors during cisplatin treatment or radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Ying Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ming-Yuan Chen
- Department of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi-Jun Hua
- Department of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shi Chen
- Department of Gastroesophageal surgery, The Sixth Affliated Hospital (Gastrointestinal and Anal Hospital), Sun Yat-sen University, GuangZhou, China
| | - Li-Sheng Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xue Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li-Xia Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ping Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bi-Jun Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rui Sun
- Department of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan-Qun Xiang
- Department of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiang Guo
- Department of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chao-Nan Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
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Pham TT, Angus SP, Johnson GL. MAP3K1: Genomic Alterations in Cancer and Function in Promoting Cell Survival or Apoptosis. Genes Cancer 2014; 4:419-26. [PMID: 24386504 DOI: 10.1177/1947601913513950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2013] [Accepted: 11/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
MAP3K1 is a member of the mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase (MAP3K) family of serine/threonine kinases. MAP3K1 regulates JNK activation and is unique among human kinases in that it also encodes an E3 ligase domain that ubiquitylates c-Jun and ERK1/2. Full length MAP3K1 regulates cell migration and contributes to pro-survival signaling while its caspase 3-mediated cleavage generates a C-terminal kinase domain that promotes apoptosis. The critical function of MAP3K1 in cell fate decisions suggests that it may be a target for deregulation in cancer. Recent large-scale genomic studies have revealed that MAP3K1 copy number loss and somatic missense or nonsense mutations are observed in a significant number of different cancers, being most prominent in luminal breast cancer. The alteration of MAP3K1 in diverse cancer types demonstrates the importance of defining phenotypes for possible therapeutic targeting of tumor cell vulnerabilities created when MAP3K1 function is lost or gained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trang T Pham
- Department of Pharmacology, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Steven P Angus
- Department of Pharmacology, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Gary L Johnson
- Department of Pharmacology, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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Yu W, Jin C, Lou X, Han X, Li L, He Y, Zhang H, Ma K, Zhu J, Cheng L, Lin B. Global analysis of DNA methylation by Methyl-Capture sequencing reveals epigenetic control of cisplatin resistance in ovarian cancer cell. PLoS One 2011; 6:e29450. [PMID: 22216282 PMCID: PMC3245283 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0029450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2011] [Accepted: 11/29/2011] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Cisplatin resistance is one of the major reasons leading to the high death rate of ovarian cancer. Methyl-Capture sequencing (MethylCap-seq), which combines precipitation of methylated DNA by recombinant methyl-CpG binding domain of MBD2 protein with NGS, global and unbiased analysis of global DNA methylation patterns. We applied MethylCap-seq to analyze genome-wide DNA methylation profile of cisplatin sensitive ovarian cancer cell line A2780 and its isogenic derivative resistant line A2780CP. We obtained 21,763,035 raw reads for the drug resistant cell line A2780CP and 18,821,061reads for the sensitive cell line A2780. We identified 1224 hyper-methylated and 1216 hypomethylated DMRs (differentially methylated region) in A2780CP compared to A2780. Our MethylCap-seq data on this ovarian cancer cisplatin resistant model provided a good resource for the research community. We also found that A2780CP, compared to A2780, has lower observed to expected methylated CpG ratios, suggesting a lower global CpG methylation in A2780CP cells. Methylation specific PCR and bisulfite sequencing confirmed hypermethylation of PTK6, PRKCE and BCL2L1 in A2780 compared with A2780CP. Furthermore, treatment with the demethylation reagent 5-aza-dC in A2780 cells demethylated the promoters and restored the expression of PTK6, PRKCE and BCL2L1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Yu
- Systems Biology Division, Zhejiang–California International Nanosystems Institute (ZCNI), Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Providence, China
- Department of Biology, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt Germany
| | - Chengmeng Jin
- Systems Biology Division, Zhejiang–California International Nanosystems Institute (ZCNI), Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Providence, China
| | - Xiaoyan Lou
- Systems Biology Division, Zhejiang–California International Nanosystems Institute (ZCNI), Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Providence, China
| | - Xu Han
- Systems Biology Division, Zhejiang–California International Nanosystems Institute (ZCNI), Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Providence, China
| | - Lisha Li
- Systems Biology Division, Zhejiang–California International Nanosystems Institute (ZCNI), Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Providence, China
| | - Yinghua He
- Shanghai Cancer Institute/Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong Univisity, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongyu Zhang
- Shanghai Cancer Institute/Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong Univisity, Shanghai, China
| | - Kelong Ma
- Shanghai Cancer Institute/Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong Univisity, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingde Zhu
- Shanghai Cancer Institute/Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong Univisity, Shanghai, China
| | - Lihua Cheng
- Systems Biology Division, Zhejiang–California International Nanosystems Institute (ZCNI), Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Providence, China
- * E-mail: ; (BL); (LC)
| | - Biaoyang Lin
- Systems Biology Division, Zhejiang–California International Nanosystems Institute (ZCNI), Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Providence, China
- Swedish Neuroscience Institute, Swedish Medical Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- * E-mail: ; (BL); (LC)
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Rassnick KM, Muindi JR, Johnson CS, Balkman CE, Ramnath N, Yu WD, Engler KL, Page RL, Trump DL. In vitro and in vivo evaluation of combined calcitriol and cisplatin in dogs with spontaneously occurring tumors. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2008; 62:881-91. [PMID: 18246349 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-008-0678-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2007] [Accepted: 01/06/2008] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Calcitriol potentiates cisplatin-mediated activity in a variety of tumor models. We examine here, the effect of calcitriol and cisplatin pre-clinically and clinically in canine spontaneous tumors through in vitro studies on tumor cells and through a phase I study of calcitriol and cisplatin to identify the maximum-tolerated dosage (MTD) of this combination in dogs with cancer and to characterize the pharmacokinetic disposition of calcitriol in dogs. METHODS Canine tumor cells were investigated for calcitriol/cisplatin interactions on proliferation using an MTT assay in a median-dose effect analysis; data were used to derive a combination index (CI). Cisplatin was given at a fixed dosage of 60 mg/m2. Calcitriol was given i.v. and the dosage was escalated in cohorts of three dogs until the MTD was defined. Serum calcitriol concentrations were quantified by radioimmunoassay. RESULTS In vitro, CIs < 1.0 were obtained for all combinations of calcitriol/cisplatin examined. The MTD was 3.75 microg/kg calcitriol in combination with cisplatin, and hypercalcemia was the dose-limiting toxicosis. The relationship between calcitriol dosage and either Cmax or AUC was linear. Calcitriol dosages >1.5 microg/kg achieved Cmax > or = 9.8 ng/mL and dosages >1.0 microg/kg achieved AUC > or = 45 h ng/mL. CONCLUSIONS Calcitriol and cisplatin have synergistic antiproliferative effects on multiple canine tumor cells and high-dosages of i.v. calcitriol in combination with cisplatin can be safely administered to dogs. Cmax and AUC at the MTD 3.75 microg/kg calcitriol exceed concentrations associated with antitumor activity in a murine model, indicating this combination might have significant clinical utility in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth M Rassnick
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Box 31, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
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Chen J, Adikari M, Pallai R, Parekh HK, Simpkins H. Dihydrodiol dehydrogenases regulate the generation of reactive oxygen species and the development of cisplatin resistance in human ovarian carcinoma cells. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2007; 61:979-87. [PMID: 17661040 PMCID: PMC2846169 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-007-0554-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2007] [Accepted: 06/26/2007] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We have previously demonstrated that overexpression of dihydrodiol dehydrogenase isoform 1 (DDH1) or DDH2 leads to the induction of drug resistance to platinum based drugs in human ovarian, lung, cervical and germ cell tumor cell lines. DDH belongs to a family of aldoketo reductases that are involved in the detoxification of several endogenous and exogenous substrates. DDH1 and DDH2 in particular have been shown to be involved in the detoxification (activation?) of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH). Based on the involvement of DDH in the detoxification of electrophilic PAH intermediates, the effect of DDH on the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in a cisplatin-sensitive and -resistant human ovarian carcinoma cell line was investigated in the current study. In addition to the overexpression of DDH1 and DDH2, increased expression of DDH3 was demonstrated in the cisplatin-resistant 2008/C13* cells, compared to the parental 2008 cells. However, as assessed by RT-PCR, neither cell line expressed DDH4. The 2008/C13* cells were eightfold resistant to cisplatin, and transfection experiments utilizing cisplatin-sensitive 2008 cells suggest that this could be mediated by overexpression of either DDH1, DDH2, or DDH3. The 2008/C13* cells had lower basal intracellular ROS level as compared to the 2008 cells and ROS production was decreased in the recombinant 2008 cells with forced, constitutive overexpression of either, DDH1, DDH2, or DDH3. Transfection of siRNA against DDH1 or DDH2 in the cisplatin-resistant 2008/C13* cells not only significantly decreased their cisplatin-resistance index (as assayed by MTT and colony formation assay) but also led to an increase in the basal levels of ROS production (although transfection of siRNA against DDH3 resulted in cell death). The 2008/C13* cells were found to be cross-resistant to the cytotoxic effects of hydrogen peroxide and tert-butyl hydroperoxide and knockdown of either DDH1 or DDH2 expression (using siRNA) resulted in sensitization of the resistant cells to these agents. These results support the conclusion that the increased levels of DDH in the 2008/C13* cells are directly responsible for the reduced production of ROS and that this may play a role in the development of cisplatin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianli Chen
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Temple University School of Medicine, Room 206, OMS, 3400 N. Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Mahesha Adikari
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Temple University School of Medicine, Room 206, OMS, 3400 N. Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Rajash Pallai
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Temple University School of Medicine, Room 206, OMS, 3400 N. Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Hemant K. Parekh
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Temple University School of Medicine, Room 206, OMS, 3400 N. Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA, Fels Institute of Cancer Research and Molecular Biology, Temple University School of Medicine, 3400 N. Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Henry Simpkins
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Temple University School of Medicine, Room 206, OMS, 3400 N. Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA, Fels Institute of Cancer Research and Molecular Biology, Temple University School of Medicine, 3400 N. Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
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8
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Heinzelmann-Schwarz VA, Gardiner-Garden M, Henshall SM, Scurry JP, Scolyer RA, Smith AN, Bali A, Bergh PV, Baron-Hay S, Scott C, Fink D, Hacker NF, Sutherland RL, O'Brien PM. A distinct molecular profile associated with mucinous epithelial ovarian cancer. Br J Cancer 2006; 94:904-13. [PMID: 16508639 PMCID: PMC2361366 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6603003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucinous epithelial ovarian cancers (MOC) are clinically and morphologically distinct from the other histological subtypes of ovarian cancer. To determine the genetic basis of MOC and to identify potential tumour markers, gene expression profiling of 49 primary ovarian cancers of different histological subtypes was performed using a customised oligonucleotide microarray containing >59 000 probesets. The results show that MOC express a genetic profile that both differs and overlaps with other subtypes of epithelial ovarian cancer. Concordant with its histological phenotype, MOC express genes characteristic of mucinous carcinomas of varying epithelial origin, including intestinal carcinomas. Differences in gene expression between MOC and other histological subtypes of ovarian cancer were confirmed by RT–PCR and/or immunohistochemistry. In particular, galectin 4 (LGALS4) was highly and specifically expressed in MOC, but expressed at lower levels in benign mucinous cysts and borderline (atypical proliferative) tumours, supporting a malignant progression model of MOC. Hence LGALS4 may have application as an early and differential diagnostic marker of MOC.
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Affiliation(s)
- V A Heinzelmann-Schwarz
- Cancer Research Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia
- Division of Gynecology, University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland
| | - M Gardiner-Garden
- Cancer Research Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - S M Henshall
- Cancer Research Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - J P Scurry
- South Eastern Area Laboratory Service, Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, NSW 2031, Australia
| | - R A Scolyer
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - A N Smith
- Cancer Research Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - A Bali
- Cancer Research Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - P Vanden Bergh
- Cancer Research Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - S Baron-Hay
- Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia
| | - C Scott
- Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia
| | - D Fink
- Division of Gynecology, University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland
| | - N F Hacker
- Gynaecological Cancer Centre, Royal Hospital for Women, Randwick, NSW 2031, Australia
| | - R L Sutherland
- Cancer Research Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - P M O'Brien
- Cancer Research Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia
- Cancer Research Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia.
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Clarke PA, Pestell KE, Di Stefano F, Workman P, Walton MI. Characterisation of molecular events following cisplatin treatment of two curable ovarian cancer models: contrasting role for p53 induction and apoptosis in vivo. Br J Cancer 2004; 91:1614-23. [PMID: 15452549 PMCID: PMC2409921 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6602167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The detailed molecular basis and determinants of in vivo tumour sensitivity to conventional anticancer agents remain unclear. We examined the cellular and molecular consequences of cisplatin treatment using two ovarian tumour xenograft models that had not been previously adapted to culture in vitro. Both xenografts were curable with clinically relevant multiple doses of cisplatin. Following a single dose of cisplatin (6 mg kg−1 i.p.) growth delays of 25 and 75 days were obtained for pxn100 and pxn65, respectively. This difference in response was not due to differences in DNA damage. Pxn100 tumours had a functional p53 response and a wild-type p53 sequence, whereas pxn65 harboured a mutant p53 and lacked a functional p53 response. Microarray analysis revealed the induction of p53-regulated genes and regulators of checkpoint control and apoptosis in pxn100 tumours following cisplatin-treatment. By contrast, there was no p53-dependent response and only limited changes in gene expression were detected in the pxn65 tumours. TUNEL analysis demonstrated high levels of apoptosis in the pxn100 tumours following cisplatin treatment, but there was no detectable apoptosis in the pxn65 tumours. Our observations show that a marked in vivo response to cisplatin can occur via p53-dependent apoptosis or independently of p53 status in human ovarian xenografts.
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Affiliation(s)
- P A Clarke
- Cancer Research UK Centre for Cancer Therapeutics, Institute of Cancer Research, Haddow Laboratories, Sutton, Surrey SM2 5NG, UK
| | - K E Pestell
- Cancer Research UK Centre for Cancer Therapeutics, Institute of Cancer Research, Haddow Laboratories, Sutton, Surrey SM2 5NG, UK
| | - F Di Stefano
- Cancer Research UK Centre for Cancer Therapeutics, Institute of Cancer Research, Haddow Laboratories, Sutton, Surrey SM2 5NG, UK
| | - P Workman
- Cancer Research UK Centre for Cancer Therapeutics, Institute of Cancer Research, Haddow Laboratories, Sutton, Surrey SM2 5NG, UK
| | - M I Walton
- Cancer Research UK Centre for Cancer Therapeutics, Institute of Cancer Research, Haddow Laboratories, Sutton, Surrey SM2 5NG, UK
- Cancer Research UK Centre for Cancer Therapeutics, Institute of Cancer Research, Haddow Laboratories, Sutton, Surrey SM2 5NG, UK. E-mail:
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10
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Choi KC, Auersperg N, Leung PCK. Mitogen-activated protein kinases in normal and (pre)neoplastic ovarian surface epithelium. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2003; 1:71. [PMID: 14577832 PMCID: PMC239898 DOI: 10.1186/1477-7827-1-71] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2003] [Accepted: 10/07/2003] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) are a group of serine/threonine kinases which are activated in response to a diverse array of extracellular stimuli and mediate signal transduction from the cell surface to the nucleus. It has been demonstrated that MAPKs are activated by external stimuli including chemotherapeutic agents, growth factors and reproductive hormones in ovarian surface epithelial cells. Thus, the MAPK signaling pathway may play an important role in the regulation of proliferation, survival and apoptosis in response to these external stimuli in ovarian cancer. In this article, an activation of the MAPK signaling cascade by several key reproductive hormones and growth factors in epithelial ovarian cancer is reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-Chul Choi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, BC Children's and Women's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6H 3V5
| | - Nelly Auersperg
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, BC Children's and Women's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6H 3V5
| | - Peter CK Leung
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, BC Children's and Women's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6H 3V5
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