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Wysocki R, Rodrigues JI, Litwin I, Tamás MJ. Mechanisms of genotoxicity and proteotoxicity induced by the metalloids arsenic and antimony. Cell Mol Life Sci 2023; 80:342. [PMID: 37904059 PMCID: PMC10616229 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-04992-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic and antimony are metalloids with profound effects on biological systems and human health. Both elements are toxic to cells and organisms, and exposure is associated with several pathological conditions including cancer and neurodegenerative disorders. At the same time, arsenic- and antimony-containing compounds are used in the treatment of multiple diseases. Although these metalloids can both cause and cure disease, their modes of molecular action are incompletely understood. The past decades have seen major advances in our understanding of arsenic and antimony toxicity, emphasizing genotoxicity and proteotoxicity as key contributors to pathogenesis. In this review, we highlight mechanisms by which arsenic and antimony cause toxicity, focusing on their genotoxic and proteotoxic effects. The mechanisms used by cells to maintain proteostasis during metalloid exposure are also described. Furthermore, we address how metalloid-induced proteotoxicity may promote neurodegenerative disease and how genotoxicity and proteotoxicity may be interrelated and together contribute to proteinopathies. A deeper understanding of cellular toxicity and response mechanisms and their links to pathogenesis may promote the development of strategies for both disease prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Wysocki
- Department of Genetics and Cell Physiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Wroclaw, 50-328, Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Joana I Rodrigues
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Box 462, 405 30, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Ireneusz Litwin
- Academic Excellence Hub - Research Centre for DNA Repair and Replication, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Wroclaw, 50-328, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Markus J Tamás
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Box 462, 405 30, Göteborg, Sweden.
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Hong CT, Yan YH, Su LY, Chen DB. Effect, sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of ultrasonic assessment of axillary lymph node-negative breast cancer. Pak J Med Sci 2023; 39:1366-1371. [PMID: 37680794 PMCID: PMC10480736 DOI: 10.12669/pjms.39.5.7260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate the diagnostic value of ultrasound for patients with axillary lymph node-negative breast cancer (ALNNBC). Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on the clinical data of 204 breast cancer patients who were admitted by Quanzhou First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University between October 2020 and May 2022. According to the results of axillary lymph node (ALN) examination, the patients were assigned to a positive group(n=102) and a negative group(n=102). All patients underwent diagnosis with color Doppler ultrasound, with pathological diagnosis as the "gold standard" to determine the sensitivity and specificity of ultrasonic diagnosis. A receiver operating characteristic(ROC) curve was established to analyze the efficiency of ultrasonic diagnosis and compare the ultrasonographic features and flow grades between the two groups. Results Differences were statistically significant between the two groups in ultrasonographic features of lesions(negative vs positive, all p<0.05), including morphological irregularity(59.8% vs 85.3%), spiky margins(19.6% vs 63.7%), posterior echo attenuation(19.6% vs 44.1%) and microcalcification(40.2% vs 55.89%). The negative group had a lower proportion of patients with grade 2-3 ultrasound blood flow when compared with the positive group(32.4% vs 56.86%), and the difference was statistically significant(p<0.05). Ultrasonic diagnosis of ALNNBC had a sensitivity of 88.24%(90/102), a specificity of 92.16%(94/102), a coincidence rate of 90.20% (184/204), a 95% CI of 0.845-0.928, and an AUC of 0.879. Conclusions Ultrasonic diagnosis of ALNNBC is relatively efficient as ultrasonographic features and ultrasound blood flow signals can provide a scientific basis for the diagnosis of ALNNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Tian Hong
- Chun-Tian Hong Department of Ultrasound, Quanzhou First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Fujian 362000, Quanzhou, P.R. China
| | - Yong-Hao Yan
- Yong-Hao Yan Department of Ultrasound, Quanzhou First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Fujian 362000, Quanzhou, P.R. China
| | - Li-Yang Su
- Li-Yang Su Department of Ultrasound, Quanzhou First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Fujian 362000, Quanzhou, P.R. China
| | - De-Bo Chen
- De-Bo Chen Department of Breast Surgery, Quanzhou First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Fujian 362000, Quanzhou, P.R. China
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Martinez VD, Lam WL. Health Effects Associated With Pre- and Perinatal Exposure to Arsenic. Front Genet 2021; 12:664717. [PMID: 34659330 PMCID: PMC8511415 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.664717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Inorganic arsenic is a well-established human carcinogen, able to induce genetic and epigenetic alterations. More than 200 million people worldwide are exposed to arsenic concentrations in drinking water exceeding the recommended WHO threshold (10μg/l). Additionally, chronic exposure to levels below this threshold is known to result in long-term health effects in humans. The arsenic-related health effects in humans are associated with its biotransformation process, whereby the resulting metabolites can induce molecular damage that accumulates over time. The effects derived from these alterations include genomic instability associated with oxidative damage, alteration of gene expression (including coding and non-coding RNAs), global and localized epigenetic reprogramming, and histone posttranslational modifications. These alterations directly affect molecular pathways involved in the onset and progression of many conditions that can arise even decades after the exposure occurs. Importantly, arsenic metabolites generated during its biotransformation can also pass through the placental barrier, resulting in fetal exposure to this carcinogen at similar levels to those of the mother. As such, more immediate effects of the arsenic-induced molecular damage can be observed as detrimental effects on fetal development, pregnancy, and birth outcomes. In this review, we focus on the genetic and epigenetic damage associated with exposure to low levels of arsenic, particularly those affecting early developmental stages. We also present how these alterations occurring during early life can impact the development of certain diseases in adult life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor D. Martinez
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, IWK Health Centre, Halifax, NS, Canada
- Beatrice Hunter Cancer Research Institute, Halifax, NS, Canada
- The Canadian Environmental Exposures in Cancer (CE2C) Network, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Wan L. Lam
- The Canadian Environmental Exposures in Cancer (CE2C) Network, Halifax, NS, Canada
- Department of Integrative Oncology, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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Jeong D, Ham J, Kim HW, Kim H, Ji HW, Yun SH, Park JE, Lee KS, Jo H, Han JH, Jung SY, Lee S, Lee ES, Kang HS, Kim SJ. ELOVL2: a novel tumor suppressor attenuating tamoxifen resistance in breast cancer. Am J Cancer Res 2021; 11:2568-2589. [PMID: 34249416 PMCID: PMC8263635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic events have successfully explained the cause of various cancer types, but little is known about tamoxifen resistance (TamR) that induces cancer recurrence. In this study, via genome-wide methylation analysis in MCF-7/TamR cells we show that elongation of very-long chain fatty acid protein 2 (ELOVL2) was hypermethylated and downregulated in the samples from TamR breast cancer patients (n = 28) compared with those from Tam-sensitive (TamS) patients (n = 33) (P < 0.001). Strikingly, in addition to having tumor suppressor activity, ELOVL2 was shown to recover Tam sensitivity up to 70% in the MCF-7/TamR cells and in a xenograft mouse model. A group of genes in the AKT and ERa signaling pathways, e.g., THEM4, which play crucial roles in drug resistance, were found to be regulated by ELOVL2. This study implies that the deregulation of a gene in fatty acid metabolism can lead to drug resistance, giving insight into the development of a new therapeutic strategy for drug-resistant breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawoon Jeong
- Department of Life Science, Dongguk University-SeoulGoyang, Republic of Korea
- Current address: AprogenSungnam 13215, Republic of Korea
| | - Juyeon Ham
- Department of Life Science, Dongguk University-SeoulGoyang, Republic of Korea
- Current address: Kogene BiotechSeoul 08507, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon Woo Kim
- Department of Life Science, Dongguk University-SeoulGoyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Heejoo Kim
- Department of Life Science, Dongguk University-SeoulGoyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwee Won Ji
- Department of Life Science, Dongguk University-SeoulGoyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Hwan Yun
- Department of Life Science, Dongguk University-SeoulGoyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Eun Park
- Department of Life Science, Dongguk University-SeoulGoyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Keun Seok Lee
- Research Institute and Hospital, National Cancer CenterGoyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Heein Jo
- Research Institute and Hospital, National Cancer CenterGoyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Jai Hong Han
- Research Institute and Hospital, National Cancer CenterGoyang, Republic of Korea
| | - So-Youn Jung
- Research Institute and Hospital, National Cancer CenterGoyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Seeyoun Lee
- Research Institute and Hospital, National Cancer CenterGoyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Sook Lee
- Research Institute and Hospital, National Cancer CenterGoyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Han-Sung Kang
- Research Institute and Hospital, National Cancer CenterGoyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Jung Kim
- Department of Life Science, Dongguk University-SeoulGoyang, Republic of Korea
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Fatema K, Shoily SS, Ahsan T, Haidar Z, Sumit AF, Sajib AA. Effects of arsenic and heavy metals on metabolic pathways in cells of human origin: Similarities and differences. Toxicol Rep 2021; 8:1109-1120. [PMID: 34141598 PMCID: PMC8188178 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2021.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
There are distinctive overlaps in different heavy metal affected metabolic pathways. Affected pathways vary according to the tissue origin and maturity of the cell. Arsenic appears to have relatively more pleiotropic effects on metabolic pathways. Some of the arsenic affected pathways are associated with diabetes.
Various anthropogenic and natural events over the years have gradually increased human exposure to various heavy metals. Several of these heavy metals including cadmium, mercury, nickel, chromium, and the metalloid arsenic among others, have created major public health concerns for their high level of toxicities. Identification of the general as well as the differentially affected cellular metabolic pathways will help understanding the molecular mechanism of different heavy metal-induced toxicities. In this study, we analyzed 25 paired (control vs. treated) transcriptomic datasets derived following treatment of various human cells with different heavy metals and metalloid (arsenic, cadmium, chromium, iron, mercury, nickel and vanadium) to identify the affected metabolic pathways. The effects of these metals on metabolic pathways depend not only on the metals per se, but also on the nature of the treated cells. Tissue of origin, therefore, must be considered while assessing the effects of any particular heavy metal or metalloid. Among the metals and metalloid, arsenic appears to have relatively more pleiotropic influences on cellular metabolic pathways including those known to have association with diabetes. Although only two stem cell derived datasets are included in the current study, effects of heavy metals on these cells appear to be different from other mature cells of similar tissue origin. This study provides useful information about different heavy metal affected pathways, which may be useful in further exploration using wet-lab based techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaniz Fatema
- Department of Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Sabrina Samad Shoily
- Department of Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Tamim Ahsan
- Department of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Brac University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Zinia Haidar
- Department of Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Ahmed Faisal Sumit
- Department of Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Abu Ashfaqur Sajib
- Department of Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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Khaledi F, Ghasemi S. A review on epigenetic effects of environmental factors causing and inhibiting cancer. Curr Mol Med 2021; 22:8-24. [PMID: 33573554 DOI: 10.2174/1566524021666210211112800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Epigenetic modifications refer to reversible changes in gene expression. Epigenetic changes include DNA methylation, histone modification, and non-coding RNAs that are collectively called epigenome. Various epigenetic effects account for the main impacts of environment and lifestyle on multifactorial diseases such as cancers. The environment's impacts on cancers act as double-edged swords. While some of them are involved in cancer development, some others contribute to preventing it. In this review article, the keywords 'cancer', 'epigenetic', 'lifestyle', 'carcinogen', ' cancer inhibitors" and related words were searched to finding a link between environmental factors and epigenetic mechanisms influencing cancer in ISI, PUBMED, SCOPUS, and Google Scholar databases. Based on the literature environmental factors that are effective in cancer development or cancer prevention in this review will be divided into physical, chemical, biological, and lifestyle types. Different types of epigenetic mechanisms known for each of these agents will be addressed in this review. Unregulated changes in epigenome play roles in tumorigenicity and cancer development. The action mechanism and genes targeted which are related to the signaling pathway for epigenetic alterations determine whether environmental agents are carcinogenic or prevent cancer. Having knowledge about the effective factors and related mechanisms such as epigenetic on cancer can help to prevent and better cancers treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Khaledi
- Student Research Committee, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord. Iran
| | - Sorayya Ghasemi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord. Iran
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Danes JM, de Abreu ALP, Kerketta R, Huang Y, Palma FR, Gantner BN, Mathison AJ, Urrutia RA, Bonini MG. Inorganic arsenic promotes luminal to basal transition and metastasis of breast cancer. FASEB J 2020; 34:16034-16048. [PMID: 33047385 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202001192r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Inorganic arsenic (iAs/As2 O3 2- ) is an environmental toxicant found in watersheds around the world including in densely populated areas. iAs is a class I carcinogen known to target the skin, lungs, bladder, and digestive organs, but its role as a primary breast carcinogen remains controversial. Here, we examined a different possibility: that exposure to iAs promotes the transition of well-differentiated epithelial breast cancer cells characterized by estrogen and progesterone receptor expression (ER+/PR+), to more basal phenotypes characterized by active proliferation, and propensity to metastasis in vivo. Our results indicate two clear phenotypic responses to low-level iAs that depend on the duration of the exposure. Short-term pulses of iAs activate ER signaling, consistent with its reported pseudo-estrogen activity, but longer-term, chronic treatments for over 6 months suppresses both ER and PR expression and signaling. In fact, washout of these chronically exposed cells for up to 1 month failed to fully reverse the transcriptional and phenotypic effects of prolonged treatments, indicating durable changes in cellular physiologic identity. RNA-seq studies found that chronic iAs drives the transition toward more basal phenotypes characterized by impaired hormone receptor signaling despite the conservation of estrogen receptor expression. Because treatments for breast cancer patients are largely designed based on the detection of hormone receptor expression, our results suggest greater scrutiny of ER+ cancers in patients exposed to iAs, because these tumors may spawn more aggressive phenotypes than unexposed ER+ tumors, in particular, basal subtypes that tend to develop therapy resistance and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeanne M Danes
- Division of Hematology Oncology, Department of Medicine, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Andre L P de Abreu
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Romica Kerketta
- Genomic Sciences and Precision Medicine Center (GSPMC), Department of Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Yunping Huang
- Division of Hematology Oncology, Department of Medicine, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Flavio R Palma
- Division of Hematology Oncology, Department of Medicine, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Benjamin N Gantner
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Angela J Mathison
- Genomic Sciences and Precision Medicine Center (GSPMC), Department of Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Raul A Urrutia
- Genomic Sciences and Precision Medicine Center (GSPMC), Department of Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Marcelo G Bonini
- Division of Hematology Oncology, Department of Medicine, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
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Liu Y, Ma H, Yao J. ERα, A Key Target for Cancer Therapy: A Review. Onco Targets Ther 2020; 13:2183-2191. [PMID: 32210584 PMCID: PMC7073439 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s236532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Estrogen receptor α (ERα) is closely associated with both hormone-dependent and hormone-independent tumors, and it is also essential for the development of these cancers. The functions of ERα are bi-faceted; it can contribute to cancer progression as well as cancer inhibition. Therefore, understanding ERα is vital for the treatment of those cancers that are closely associated with its expression. Here, we will elaborate on ERα based on its structure, localization, activation, modification, and mutation. Also, we will look at co-activators of ERα, elucidate the signaling pathway activated by ERα, and identify cancers related to its activation. A comprehensive understanding of ERα could help us to find new ways to treat cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfang Liu
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Ma
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Yao
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, People's Republic of China
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Li S, He Y, Li C, Liu X, Shen Y, Wu Y, Bai N, Li Q. The association between the methylation frequency of BRCA1/2 gene promoter and occurrence and prognosis of breast carcinoma: A meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2020; 99:e19345. [PMID: 32150073 PMCID: PMC7478499 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000019345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Breast cancer susceptibility gene 1/2 (BRCA1/2) is a promising tumor marker in many types of cancer. However, the methylation frequency of BRCA1/2 gene with occurrence risk and survival benefit of patients with breast carcinoma remains controversy. The aim of the present study was to assess the relationship between BRCA1/2 gene promoter methylation and the occurrence and prognosis in breast carcinoma based on a meta-analysis, meanwhile, this article explored the differential expression levels of BRCA1/2 gene promoter methylation in peripheral blood and tumor tissues of breast cancer patients. METHODS Electronic databases (PubMed, Medline, Cochrane Library, and CNKI) were searched up to June 2019. The number of BRCA1/2 promoter methylation-positive and -negative patients in breast carcinoma patients were measured, and hazard ratio (HR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) for the association between BRCA1/2 gene promoter methylation and the prognosis of breast carcinoma patients. Primary end points were presence of breast cancer, overall survival (OS), disease-free survival (DFS). Statistical analysis was performed with STATA 12.0. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Fifty-eight articles including 19,084 individuals met full eligibility criteria. We observed that the frequency of BRCA1 gene promoter methylation was higher in breast cancer tissues compared with normal tissues, and the prognostic analysis suggested that BRCA1 gene promoter methylation was significantly associated with poor overall survival and poor disease-free survival. This study also verified that there was no statistically significant difference in the methylation frequency of BRCA1 gene promoter between peripheral blood and tumor tissues in breast cancer patients, which suggests that the detection of BRCA1 promoter methylation in peripheral blood may be a non-invasive and rapid way to monitor the occurrence breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Li
- Clinical Laboratory, Chongqing Health Center for Women and Children
| | - Yong He
- Clinical Laboratory, Yongchuan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing
| | - Chunli Li
- Clinical Laboratory, Chongqing Health Center for Women and Children
| | - Xing Liu
- Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Yan Shen
- Clinical Laboratory, Chongqing Health Center for Women and Children
| | - Yang Wu
- Clinical Laboratory, Yongchuan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing
| | - Ningjing Bai
- Clinical Laboratory, Yongchuan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing
| | - Qiuhong Li
- Clinical Laboratory, Chongqing Health Center for Women and Children
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