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Palma FR, Coelho DR, Pulakanti K, Sakiyama MJ, Huang Y, Ogata FT, Danes JM, Meyer A, Furdui CM, Spitz DR, Gomes AP, Gantner BN, Rao S, Backman V, Bonini MG. Histone H3.1 is a chromatin-embedded redox sensor triggered by tumor cells developing adaptive phenotypic plasticity and multidrug resistance. Cell Rep 2024; 43:113897. [PMID: 38493478 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.113897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Chromatin structure is regulated through posttranslational modifications of histone variants that modulate transcription. Although highly homologous, histone variants display unique amino acid sequences associated with specific functions. Abnormal incorporation of histone variants contributes to cancer initiation, therapy resistance, and metastasis. This study reports that, among its biologic functions, histone H3.1 serves as a chromatin redox sensor that is engaged by mitochondrial H2O2. In breast cancer cells, the oxidation of H3.1Cys96 promotes its eviction and replacement by H3.3 in specific promoters. We also report that this process facilitates the opening of silenced chromatin domains and transcriptional activation of epithelial-to-mesenchymal genes associated with cell plasticity. Scavenging nuclear H2O2 or amino acid substitution of H3.1(C96S) suppresses plasticity, restores sensitivity to chemotherapy, and induces remission of metastatic lesions. Hence, it appears that increased levels of H2O2 produced by mitochondria of breast cancer cells directly promote redox-regulated H3.1-dependent chromatin remodeling involved in chemoresistance and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavio R Palma
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology Oncology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine and the Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Diego R Coelho
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology Oncology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine and the Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Kirthi Pulakanti
- Versiti Blood Research Institute of Wisconsin, and Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology, and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA; Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Marcelo J Sakiyama
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology Oncology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine and the Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Yunping Huang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology Oncology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine and the Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Fernando T Ogata
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology Oncology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine and the Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Jeanne M Danes
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology Oncology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine and the Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Alison Meyer
- Versiti Blood Research Institute of Wisconsin, and Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology, and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA; Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Cristina M Furdui
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Douglas R Spitz
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52245, USA
| | - Ana P Gomes
- Molecular Oncology Program, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Benjamin N Gantner
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Sridhar Rao
- Versiti Blood Research Institute of Wisconsin, and Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology, and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA; Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Vadim Backman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University McCormick School of Engineering, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Marcelo G Bonini
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology Oncology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine and the Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
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2
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Palma FR, Gantner BN, Sakiyama MJ, Kayzuka C, Shukla S, Lacchini R, Cunniff B, Bonini MG. ROS production by mitochondria: function or dysfunction? Oncogene 2024; 43:295-303. [PMID: 38081963 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-023-02907-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
In eukaryotic cells, ATP generation is generally viewed as the primary function of mitochondria under normoxic conditions. Reactive oxygen species (ROS), in contrast, are regarded as the by-products of respiration, and are widely associated with dysfunction and disease. Important signaling functions have been demonstrated for mitochondrial ROS in recent years. Still, their chemical reactivity and capacity to elicit oxidative damage have reinforced the idea that ROS are the products of dysfunctional mitochondria that accumulate during disease. Several studies support a different model, however, by showing that: (1) limited oxygen availability results in mitochondria prioritizing ROS production over ATP, (2) ROS is an essential adaptive mitochondrial signal triggered by various important stressors, and (3) while mitochondria-independent ATP production can be easily engaged by most cells, there is no known replacement for ROS-driven redox signaling. Based on these observations and other evidence reviewed here, we highlight the role of ROS production as a major mitochondrial function involved in cellular adaptation and stress resistance. As such, we propose a rekindled view of ROS production as a primary mitochondrial function as essential to life as ATP production itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavio R Palma
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology Oncology, Feinberg School of Medicine and the Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Chicago, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Benjamin N Gantner
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Marcelo J Sakiyama
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology Oncology, Feinberg School of Medicine and the Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Chicago, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Cezar Kayzuka
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto College of Nursing, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sanjeev Shukla
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal, India
| | - Riccardo Lacchini
- Department of Psychiatric Nursing and Human Sciences, Ribeirao Preto College of Nursing, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Brian Cunniff
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Larner School of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Marcelo G Bonini
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology Oncology, Feinberg School of Medicine and the Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Chicago, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.
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Coelho DR, Palma FR, Paviani V, LaFond KM, Huang Y, Wang D, Wray B, Rao S, Yue F, Bonini MG, Gantner BN. SOCS1 regulates a subset of NFκB-target genes through direct chromatin binding and defines macrophage functional phenotypes. iScience 2023; 26:106442. [PMID: 37020964 PMCID: PMC10068561 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Suppressor of cytokine signaling-1 (SOCS1) exerts control over inflammation by targeting p65 nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) for degradation in addition to its canonical role regulating cytokine signaling. We report here that SOCS1 does not operate on all p65 targets equally, instead localizing to a select subset of pro-inflammatory genes. Promoter-specific interactions of SOCS1 and p65 determine the subset of genes activated by NF-κB during systemic inflammation, with profound consequences for cytokine responses, immune cell mobilization, and tissue injury. Nitric oxide synthase-1 (NOS1)-derived nitric oxide (NO) is required and sufficient for the displacement of SOCS1 from chromatin, permitting full inflammatory transcription. Single-cell transcriptomic analysis of NOS1-deficient animals led to detection of a regulatory macrophage subset that exerts potent suppression on inflammatory cytokine responses and tissue remodeling. These results provide the first example of a redox-sensitive, gene-specific mechanism for converting macrophages from regulating inflammation to cells licensed to promote aggressive and potentially injurious inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego R. Coelho
- Department of Medicine/Division of Endocrinology and Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
- Department of Medicine/Division of Hematology Oncology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine and the Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Flavio R. Palma
- Department of Medicine/Division of Hematology Oncology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine and the Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Veronica Paviani
- Department of Medicine/Division of Hematology Oncology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine and the Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Katy M. LaFond
- Department of Medicine/Division of Endocrinology and Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Yunping Huang
- Department of Medicine/Division of Hematology Oncology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine and the Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Dongmei Wang
- Center for Cancer Genomics, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Chicago and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Brian Wray
- Quantitative Data Science Core, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, and the Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Sridhar Rao
- Versiti Blood Research Institute and Department of Pediatrics/Division of Hematology, Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Feng Yue
- Center for Cancer Genomics, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Chicago and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Marcelo G. Bonini
- Department of Medicine/Division of Hematology Oncology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine and the Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Benjamin N. Gantner
- Department of Medicine/Division of Endocrinology and Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
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Puzyrenko A, Jacobs ER, Padilla N, Devine A, Aljadah M, Gantner BN, Pan AY, Lai S, Dai Q, Rubenstein JC, North PE, Simpson PM, Willoughby RE, O'Meara CC, Flinn MA, Lough JW, Ibrahim EH, Zheng Z, Sun Y, Felix J, Hunt BC, Ross G, Rui H, Benjamin IJ. Collagen-Specific HSP47 + Myofibroblasts and CD163 + Macrophages Identify Profibrotic Phenotypes in Deceased Hearts With SARS-CoV-2 Infections. J Am Heart Assoc 2023; 12:e027990. [PMID: 36789856 PMCID: PMC10111490 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.122.027990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Background Cardiac fibrosis complicates SARS-CoV-2 infections and has been linked to arrhythmic complications in survivors. Accordingly, we sought evidence of increased HSP47 (heat shock protein 47), a stress-inducible chaperone protein that regulates biosynthesis and secretion of procollagen in heart tissue, with the goal of elucidating molecular mechanisms underlying cardiac fibrosis in subjects with this viral infection. Methods and Results Using human autopsy tissue, immunofluorescence, and immunohistochemistry, we quantified Hsp47+ cells and collagen α 1(l) in hearts from people with SARS-CoV-2 infections. Because macrophages are also linked to inflammation, we measured CD163+ cells in the same tissues. We observed irregular groups of spindle-shaped HSP47+ and CD163+ cells as well as increased collagen α 1(I) deposition, each proximate to one another in "hot spots" of ≈40% of hearts after SARS-CoV-2 infection (HSP47+ P<0.05 versus nonfibrotics and P<0.001 versus controls). Because HSP47+ cells are consistent with myofibroblasts, subjects with hot spots are termed "profibrotic." The remaining 60% of subjects dying with COVID-19 without hot spots are referred to as "nonfibrotic." No control subject exhibited hot spots. Conclusions Colocalization of myofibroblasts, M2(CD163+) macrophages, and collagen α 1(l) may be the first evidence of a COVID-19-related "profibrotic phenotype" in human hearts in situ. The potential public health and diagnostic implications of these observations require follow-up to further define mechanisms of viral-mediated cardiac fibrosis.
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Puzyrenko A, Jacobs ER, Sun Y, Felix JC, Sheinin Y, Ge L, Lai S, Dai Q, Gantner BN, Nanchal R, North PE, Simpson PM, Rui H, Benjamin IJ. Pneumocytes are distinguished by highly elevated expression of the ER stress biomarker GRP78, a co-receptor for SARS-CoV-2, in COVID-19 autopsies. Cell Stress Chaperones 2021; 26:859-868. [PMID: 34382151 PMCID: PMC8357488 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-021-01230-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccinations are widely credited with reducing death rates from COVID-19, but the underlying host-viral mechanisms/interactions for morbidity and mortality of SARS-CoV-2 infection remain poorly understood. Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) describes the severe lung injury, which is pathologically associated with alveolar damage, inflammation, non-cardiogenic edema, and hyaline membrane formation. Because proteostatic pathways play central roles in cellular protection, immune modulation, protein degradation, and tissue repair, we examined the pathological features for the unfolded protein response (UPR) using the surrogate biomarker glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78) and co-receptor for SARS-CoV-2. At autopsy, immunostaining of COVID-19 lungs showed highly elevated expression of GRP78 in both pneumocytes and macrophages compared with that of non-COVID control lungs. GRP78 expression was detected in both SARS-CoV-2-infected and un-infected pneumocytes as determined by multiplexed immunostaining for nucleocapsid protein. In macrophages, immunohistochemical staining for GRP78 from deceased COVID-19 patients was increased but overlapped with GRP78 expression taken from surgical resections of non-COVID-19 controls. In contrast, the robust in situ GRP78 immunostaining of pneumocytes from COVID-19 autopsies exhibited no overlap and was independent of age, race/ethnicity, and gender compared with that from non-COVID-19 controls. Our findings bring new insights for stress-response pathways involving the proteostatic network implicated for host resilience and suggest that targeting of GRP78 expression with existing therapeutics might afford an alternative therapeutic strategy to modulate host-viral interactions during SARS-CoV-2 infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrii Puzyrenko
- MCW Cancer Center, Department of Pathology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Elizabeth R Jacobs
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
- Clement J. Zablocki VA Medical Center, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Yunguang Sun
- MCW Cancer Center, Department of Pathology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Juan C Felix
- MCW Cancer Center, Department of Pathology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Yuri Sheinin
- MCW Cancer Center, Department of Pathology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Linna Ge
- MCW Cancer Center, Department of Pathology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Shuping Lai
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Qiang Dai
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Benjamin N Gantner
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Rahul Nanchal
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Paula E North
- MCW Cancer Center, Department of Pathology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Pippa M Simpson
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
- Children's Research Institute, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Hallgeir Rui
- MCW Cancer Center, Department of Pathology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA.
| | - Ivor J Benjamin
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA.
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Danes JM, de Abreu ALP, Kerketta R, Huang Y, Palma FR, Gantner BN, Mathison AJ, Urrutia RA, Bonini MG. Inorganic arsenic promotes luminal to basal transition and metastasis of breast cancer. FASEB J 2020; 34:16034-16048. [PMID: 33047385 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202001192r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Inorganic arsenic (iAs/As2 O3 2- ) is an environmental toxicant found in watersheds around the world including in densely populated areas. iAs is a class I carcinogen known to target the skin, lungs, bladder, and digestive organs, but its role as a primary breast carcinogen remains controversial. Here, we examined a different possibility: that exposure to iAs promotes the transition of well-differentiated epithelial breast cancer cells characterized by estrogen and progesterone receptor expression (ER+/PR+), to more basal phenotypes characterized by active proliferation, and propensity to metastasis in vivo. Our results indicate two clear phenotypic responses to low-level iAs that depend on the duration of the exposure. Short-term pulses of iAs activate ER signaling, consistent with its reported pseudo-estrogen activity, but longer-term, chronic treatments for over 6 months suppresses both ER and PR expression and signaling. In fact, washout of these chronically exposed cells for up to 1 month failed to fully reverse the transcriptional and phenotypic effects of prolonged treatments, indicating durable changes in cellular physiologic identity. RNA-seq studies found that chronic iAs drives the transition toward more basal phenotypes characterized by impaired hormone receptor signaling despite the conservation of estrogen receptor expression. Because treatments for breast cancer patients are largely designed based on the detection of hormone receptor expression, our results suggest greater scrutiny of ER+ cancers in patients exposed to iAs, because these tumors may spawn more aggressive phenotypes than unexposed ER+ tumors, in particular, basal subtypes that tend to develop therapy resistance and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeanne M Danes
- Division of Hematology Oncology, Department of Medicine, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Andre L P de Abreu
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Romica Kerketta
- Genomic Sciences and Precision Medicine Center (GSPMC), Department of Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Yunping Huang
- Division of Hematology Oncology, Department of Medicine, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Flavio R Palma
- Division of Hematology Oncology, Department of Medicine, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Benjamin N Gantner
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Angela J Mathison
- Genomic Sciences and Precision Medicine Center (GSPMC), Department of Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Raul A Urrutia
- Genomic Sciences and Precision Medicine Center (GSPMC), Department of Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Marcelo G Bonini
- Division of Hematology Oncology, Department of Medicine, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
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Abstract
Nitric oxide synthases are the major sources of nitric oxide, a critical signaling molecule involved in a wide range of cellular and physiological processes. These enzymes comprise a family of genes that are highly conserved across all eukaryotes. The three family members found in mammals are important for inter- and intra-cellular signaling in tissues that include the nervous system, the vasculature, the gut, skeletal muscle, and the immune system, among others. We summarize major advances in the understanding of biochemical and tissue-specific roles of nitric oxide synthases, with a focus on how these mechanisms enable tissue adaptation and health or dysfunction and disease. We highlight the unique mechanisms and processes of neuronal nitric oxide synthase, or NOS1. This was the first of these enzymes discovered in mammals, and yet much remains to be understood about this highly conserved and complex gene. We provide examples of two areas that will likely be of increasing importance in nitric oxide biology. These include the mechanisms by which these critical enzymes promote adaptation or disease by 1) coordinating communication by diverse cell types within a tissue and 2) directing cellular differentiation/activation decisions processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin N Gantner
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Medical College of Wisconsin, USA.
| | - Katy M LaFond
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Medical College of Wisconsin, USA
| | - Marcelo G Bonini
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Medical College of Wisconsin, USA; Feinberg School of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, USA
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Schlaak RA, Frei A, Fish BL, Harmann L, Gasperetti T, Pipke JL, Sun Y, Rui H, Flister MJ, Gantner BN, Bergom C. Acquired Immunity Is Not Essential for Radiation-Induced Heart Dysfunction but Exerts a Complex Impact on Injury. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E983. [PMID: 32316187 PMCID: PMC7226421 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12040983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
While radiation therapy (RT) can improve cancer outcomes, it can lead to radiation-induced heart dysfunction (RIHD) in patients with thoracic tumors. This study examines the role of adaptive immune cells in RIHD. In Salt-Sensitive (SS) rats, image-guided whole-heart RT increased cardiac T-cell infiltration. We analyzed the functional requirement for these cells in RIHD using a genetic model of T- and B-cell deficiency (interleukin-2 receptor gamma chain knockout (IL2RG-/-)) and observed a complex role for these cells. Surprisingly, while IL2RG deficiency conferred protection from cardiac hypertrophy, it worsened heart function via echocardiogram three months after a large single RT dose, including increased end-systolic volume (ESV) and reduced ejection fraction (EF) and fractional shortening (FS) (p < 0.05). Fractionated RT, however, did not yield similarly increased injury. Our results indicate that T cells are not uniformly required for RIHD in this model, nor do they account for our previously reported differences in cardiac RT sensitivity between SS and SS.BN3 rats. The increasing use of immunotherapies in conjunction with traditional cancer treatments demands better models to study the interactions between immunity and RT for effective therapy. We present a model that reveals complex roles for adaptive immune cells in cardiac injury that vary depending on clinically relevant factors, including RT dose/fractionation, sex, and genetic background.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel A. Schlaak
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA;
| | - Anne Frei
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA; (A.F.); (B.L.F.); (T.G.); (J.L.P.)
| | - Brian L. Fish
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA; (A.F.); (B.L.F.); (T.G.); (J.L.P.)
| | - Leanne Harmann
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee WI 53226, USA;
| | - Tracy Gasperetti
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA; (A.F.); (B.L.F.); (T.G.); (J.L.P.)
| | - Jamie L. Pipke
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA; (A.F.); (B.L.F.); (T.G.); (J.L.P.)
| | - Yunguang Sun
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA; (Y.S.); (H.R.)
- Cancer Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA; (M.J.F.); (B.N.G.)
| | - Hallgeir Rui
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA; (Y.S.); (H.R.)
- Cancer Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA; (M.J.F.); (B.N.G.)
| | - Michael J. Flister
- Cancer Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA; (M.J.F.); (B.N.G.)
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
- Genomic Sciences and Precision Medicine Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Benjamin N. Gantner
- Cancer Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA; (M.J.F.); (B.N.G.)
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Carmen Bergom
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA;
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA; (A.F.); (B.L.F.); (T.G.); (J.L.P.)
- Cancer Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA; (M.J.F.); (B.N.G.)
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
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9
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Palma FR, He C, Danes JM, Paviani V, Coelho DR, Gantner BN, Bonini MG. Mitochondrial Superoxide Dismutase: What the Established, the Intriguing, and the Novel Reveal About a Key Cellular Redox Switch. Antioxid Redox Signal 2020; 32:701-714. [PMID: 31968997 PMCID: PMC7047081 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2019.7962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Significance: Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are now widely recognized as central mediators of cell signaling. Mitochondria are major sources of ROS. Recent Advances: It is now clear that mitochondrial ROS are essential to activate responses to cellular microenvironmental stressors. Mediators of these responses reside in large part in the cytosol. Critical Issues: The primary form of ROS produced by mitochondria is the superoxide radical anion. As a charged radical anion, superoxide is restricted in its capacity to diffuse and convey redox messages outside of mitochondria. In addition, superoxide is a reductant and not particularly efficient at oxidizing targets. Because there are many opportunities for superoxide to be neutralized in mitochondria, it is not completely clear how redox cues generated in mitochondria are converted into diffusible signals that produce transient oxidative modifications in the cytosol or nucleus. Future Directions: To efficiently intervene at the level of cellular redox signaling, it seems that understanding how the generation of superoxide radicals in mitochondria is coupled with the propagation of redox messages is essential. We propose that mitochondrial superoxide dismutase (SOD2) is a major system converting diffusion-restricted superoxide radicals derived from the electron transport chain into highly diffusible hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). This enables the coupling of metabolic changes resulting in increased superoxide to the production of H2O2, a diffusible secondary messenger. As such, to determine whether there are other systems coupling metabolic changes to redox messaging in mitochondria as well as how these systems are regulated is essential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavio R Palma
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Chenxia He
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Jeanne M Danes
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Veronica Paviani
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Diego R Coelho
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Benjamin N Gantner
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Marcelo G Bonini
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin.,Department of Biophysics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
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10
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He C, Danes JM, Hart PC, Zhu Y, Huang Y, de Abreu AL, O'Brien J, Mathison AJ, Tang B, Frasor JM, Wakefield LM, Ganini D, Stauder E, Zielonka J, Gantner BN, Urrutia RA, Gius D, Bonini MG. SOD2 acetylation on lysine 68 promotes stem cell reprogramming in breast cancer. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:23534-23541. [PMID: 31591207 PMCID: PMC6876149 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1902308116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial superoxide dismutase (SOD2) suppresses tumor initiation but promotes invasion and dissemination of tumor cells at later stages of the disease. The mechanism of this functional switch remains poorly defined. Our results indicate that as SOD2 expression increases acetylation of lysine 68 ensues. Acetylated SOD2 promotes hypoxic signaling via increased mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS). mtROS, in turn, stabilize hypoxia-induced factor 2α (HIF2α), a transcription factor upstream of "stemness" genes such as Oct4, Sox2, and Nanog. In this sense, our findings indicate that SOD2K68Ac and mtROS are linked to stemness reprogramming in breast cancer cells via HIF2α signaling. Based on these findings we propose that, as tumors evolve, the accumulation of SOD2K68Ac turns on a mitochondrial pathway to stemness that depends on HIF2α and may be relevant for the progression of breast cancer toward poor outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxia He
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226
| | - Jeanne M Danes
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226
| | - Peter C Hart
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612
| | - Yueming Zhu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60657
| | - Yunping Huang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226
| | | | - Joseph O'Brien
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60657
| | - Angela J Mathison
- Genomic Sciences and Precision Medicine Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226
| | - Binwu Tang
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Jonna M Frasor
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612
| | - Lalage M Wakefield
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Douglas Ganini
- Free Radical Metabolism Group, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709
| | - Erich Stauder
- Department of Biophysics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226
| | - Jacek Zielonka
- Department of Biophysics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226
| | - Benjamin N Gantner
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226
| | - Raul A Urrutia
- Genomic Sciences and Precision Medicine Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226
| | - David Gius
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60657
| | - Marcelo G Bonini
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226;
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11
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Baig MS, Zaichick SV, Mao M, de Abreu ALP, Bakhshi FR, Hart PC, Saqib U, Deng J, Chatterjee S, Block ML, Vogel SM, Malik AB, Consolaro ME, Christman JW, Minshall RD, Gantner BN, Bonini MG. NOS1-derived nitric oxide promotes NF-κB transcriptional activity through inhibition of suppressor of cytokine signaling-1. J Biophys Biochem Cytol 2015. [DOI: 10.1083/jcb.2106oia180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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12
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Baig MS, Zaichick SV, Mao M, de Abreu AL, Bakhshi FR, Hart PC, Saqib U, Deng J, Chatterjee S, Block ML, Vogel SM, Malik AB, Consolaro MEL, Christman JW, Minshall RD, Gantner BN, Bonini MG. NOS1-derived nitric oxide promotes NF-κB transcriptional activity through inhibition of suppressor of cytokine signaling-1. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 212:1725-38. [PMID: 26324446 PMCID: PMC4577833 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20140654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2014] [Accepted: 08/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
The NF-κB pathway is central to the regulation of inflammation. Here, we demonstrate that the low-output nitric oxide (NO) synthase 1 (NOS1 or nNOS) plays a critical role in the inflammatory response by promoting the activity of NF-κB. Specifically, NOS1-derived NO production in macrophages leads to proteolysis of suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 (SOCS1), alleviating its repression of NF-κB transcriptional activity. As a result, NOS1(-/-) mice demonstrate reduced cytokine production, lung injury, and mortality when subjected to two different models of sepsis. Isolated NOS1(-/-) macrophages demonstrate similar defects in proinflammatory transcription on challenge with Gram-negative bacterial LPS. Consistently, we found that activated NOS1(-/-) macrophages contain increased SOCS1 protein and decreased levels of p65 protein compared with wild-type cells. NOS1-dependent S-nitrosation of SOCS1 impairs its binding to p65 and targets SOCS1 for proteolysis. Treatment of NOS1(-/-) cells with exogenous NO rescues both SOCS1 degradation and stabilization of p65 protein. Point mutation analysis demonstrated that both Cys147 and Cys179 on SOCS1 are required for its NO-dependent degradation. These findings demonstrate a fundamental role for NOS1-derived NO in regulating TLR4-mediated inflammatory gene transcription, as well as the intensity and duration of the resulting host immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirza Saqib Baig
- Department of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Department of Anesthesiology, and Department of Pathology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60607 Department of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Department of Anesthesiology, and Department of Pathology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60607
| | - Sofia V Zaichick
- Department of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Department of Anesthesiology, and Department of Pathology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60607 Department of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Department of Anesthesiology, and Department of Pathology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60607
| | - Mao Mao
- Department of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Department of Anesthesiology, and Department of Pathology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60607 Department of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Department of Anesthesiology, and Department of Pathology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60607
| | - Andre L de Abreu
- Department of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Department of Anesthesiology, and Department of Pathology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60607 Department of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Department of Anesthesiology, and Department of Pathology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60607 Programa de Biociencias Aplicadas a Farmacia (PBF), Universidade Estadual de Maringa, Maringa 87020-900, Brazil
| | - Farnaz R Bakhshi
- Department of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Department of Anesthesiology, and Department of Pathology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60607
| | - Peter C Hart
- Department of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Department of Anesthesiology, and Department of Pathology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60607 Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN 46202
| | - Uzma Saqib
- Department of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Department of Anesthesiology, and Department of Pathology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60607
| | - Jing Deng
- Department of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Department of Anesthesiology, and Department of Pathology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60607
| | - Saurabh Chatterjee
- Department of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Department of Anesthesiology, and Department of Pathology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60607
| | - Michelle L Block
- Department of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Department of Anesthesiology, and Department of Pathology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60607
| | - Stephen M Vogel
- Department of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Department of Anesthesiology, and Department of Pathology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60607
| | - Asrar B Malik
- Department of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Department of Anesthesiology, and Department of Pathology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60607
| | - Marcia E L Consolaro
- Programa de Biociencias Aplicadas a Farmacia (PBF), Universidade Estadual de Maringa, Maringa 87020-900, Brazil
| | - John W Christman
- Department of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Department of Anesthesiology, and Department of Pathology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60607
| | - Richard D Minshall
- Department of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Department of Anesthesiology, and Department of Pathology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60607 Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208
| | - Benjamin N Gantner
- Department of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Department of Anesthesiology, and Department of Pathology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60607
| | - Marcelo G Bonini
- Department of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Department of Anesthesiology, and Department of Pathology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60607 Department of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Department of Anesthesiology, and Department of Pathology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60607 Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN 46202
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13
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Bonini MG, Gantner BN. The multifaceted activities of AMPK in tumor progression--why the "one size fits all" definition does not fit at all? IUBMB Life 2014; 65:889-96. [PMID: 24265196 DOI: 10.1002/iub.1213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2013] [Accepted: 08/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
AMP-activated kinase (AMPK) is a central cellular energetic biosensor and regulator of a broad array of cellular metabolic routes activated by nutrient deprivation, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and cytokines. The activation of AMPK maintains ATP levels in response to hypoxia, mitochondrial dysfunction, and shortage of essential metabolic fuels. Activated AMPK turns on energy sparing pathways and promotes antiapoptotic functions thereby permitting cells to survive extremely hostile conditions for prolonged periods of time. Cancer cells in solid tumors are generally subjected to such harsh conditions; however, they manage to efficiently survive and proliferate. This is likely due, in great part, to a peculiar form of metabolism that is heavily reliant on glycolysis and which promotes cancer cell adaptation and tumor progression. AMPK controls the influx and utilization of glucose by cancer cells and therefore has emerged as an attractive target to treat cancer. Investigations exploring this possibility demonstrated that activators or inhibitors of AMPK impact cancer cell viability and possibly cancer progression. For example, the AMPK activator metformin induces apoptosis in a variety of cancer cell lines and models. A major problem with many of the studies on metformin is that little effort has been invested in unraveling how metformin activates AMPK in the many contexts it has been tested. This is significant because many AMPK-independent effects of metformin have been documented. The notion that AMPK acts solely as a tumor suppressor also conflicts with findings that it confers resistance to nutrient deprivation, sustains NADPH levels in cancer cells, facilitates stress-induced gene transcription, promotes cell survival via antiapoptotic function upregulation, intermediates epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, and increases malignant transformation. These are all recognized steps necessary for the successful evolution of tumors. This review highlights some of these findings and proposes that the role of AMPK in cancer should be reconsidered in light of the complex roles of AMPK under different metabolic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo G Bonini
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, IL, USA; Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois at Chicago, IL, USA; Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, IL, USA
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14
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Sieracki NA, Gantner BN, Mao M, Horner JH, Ye RD, Malik AB, Newcomb ME, Bonini MG. Bioluminescent detection of peroxynitrite with a boronic acid-caged luciferin. Free Radic Biol Med 2013; 61:40-50. [PMID: 23474271 PMCID: PMC3795912 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2013.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2012] [Revised: 02/13/2013] [Accepted: 02/20/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Peroxynitrite, a highly reactive biological oxidant, is formed under pathophysiologic conditions from the diffusion-limited reaction of nitric oxide and superoxide radical anion. Peroxynitrite has been implicated as the mediator of nitric oxide toxicity in many diseases and as an important signaling disrupting molecule (L. Liaudet et al., Front. Biosci.14, 4809-4814, 2009) [1]. Biosensors effective at capturing peroxynitrite in a specific and fast enough manner for detection, along with readouts compatible with in vivo studies, are lacking. Here we report that the boronic acid-based bioluminescent system PCL-1 (peroxy-caged luciferin-1), previously reported as a chemoselective sensor for hydrogen peroxide (G.C. Van de Bittner et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA107, 21316-21321, 2010) [2], reacts with peroxynitrite stoichiometrically with a rate constant of 9.8±0.3×10(5)M(-1)s(-1) and a bioluminescence detection limit of 16nM, compared to values of 1.2±0.3M(-1)s(-1) and 231nM for hydrogen peroxide. Further, we demonstrate bioluminescent detection of peroxynitrite in the presence of physiological competitors: carbon dioxide, glutathione, albumin, and catalase. We also demonstrate the utility of this method to assess peroxynitrite formation in mammalian cells by measuring peroxynitrite generated under normal culture conditions after stimulation of macrophages with bacterial endotoxin lipopolysaccharide. Thus, the PCL-1 method for measuring peroxynitrite generation shows superior selectivity over other oxidants under in vivo conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan A Sieracki
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Benjamin N Gantner
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Mao Mao
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; Section of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - John H Horner
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Richard D Ye
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Asrar B Malik
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Martin E Newcomb
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Marcelo G Bonini
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; Section of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
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15
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Gantner BN, Jin H, Qian F, Hay N, He B, Ye RD. The Akt1 isoform is required for optimal IFN-β transcription through direct phosphorylation of β-catenin. J Immunol 2012; 189:3104-11. [PMID: 22904301 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1201669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
IFN-β is a critical antiviral cytokine that is capable of modulating the systemic immune response. The transcriptional induction of IFN-β is a highly regulated process, involving the activation of pattern recognition receptors and their downstream signaling pathways. The Akt family of serine/threonine kinases includes three isoforms. The specific role for the individual Akt isoforms in pattern recognition and signaling remains unclear. In this article, we report that the TLR3-mediated expression of IFN-β is blunted in cells that lack Akt1. The expression of IFN-β-inducible genes such as CCL5 and CXCL10 was also reduced in Akt1-deficient cells; the induction of TNF-α and CXCL2, whose expression does not rely on IFN-β, was not reduced in the absence of Akt1. Macrophages from Akt1(-/-) mice displayed deficient clearance of HSV-1 along with reduced IFN-β expression. Our results demonstrate that Akt1 signals through β-catenin by phosphorylation on Ser(552), a site that differs from the glycogen synthase kinase 3 β phosphorylation site. Stimulation of a chemically activated version of Akt1, in the absence of other TLR3-dependent signaling, was sufficient for accumulation and phosphorylation of β-catenin at Ser(552). Taken together, these results demonstrate that the Akt1 isoform is required for β-catenin-mediated promotion of IFN-β transcription downstream of TLR3 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin N Gantner
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
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16
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Qian F, Deng J, Gantner BN, Flavell RA, Dong C, Christman JW, Ye RD. Map kinase phosphatase 5 protects against sepsis-induced acute lung injury. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2012; 302:L866-74. [PMID: 22307906 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00277.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) play a critical role in inflammation. Although activation of MAPK in inflammatory cells has been studied extensively, much less is known about the inactivation of these kinases. MAPK phosphatase 5 (MKP5) is a member of the dual-specificity phosphatase family that dephosphorylates activated MAPKs. Here we report that MKP5 protects sepsis-induced acute lung injury. Mice lacking MKP5 displayed severe lung tissue damage following LPS challenge, characterized with increased neutrophil infiltration and edema compared with wild-type (WT) controls. In response to LPS, MKP5-deficient macrophages produced significantly more inflammatory factors including inflammatory cytokines, nitric oxide, and superoxide. Phosphorylation of p38 MAPK, JNK, and ERK were enhanced in MKP5-deficient macrophages upon LPS stimulation. Adoptive transfer of MKP5-deficient macrophages led to more severe lung inflammation than transfer of WT macrophages, suggesting that MKP5-deficient macrophages directly contribute to acute lung injury. Taken together, these results suggest that MKP5 is crucial to homeostatic regulation of MAPK activation in inflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Qian
- Dept. of Pharmacology, Univ. of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
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17
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18
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Laslo P, Spooner CJ, Warmflash A, Lancki DW, Lee HJ, Sciammas R, Gantner BN, Dinner AR, Singh H. Multilineage transcriptional priming and determination of alternate hematopoietic cell fates. Cell 2006; 126:755-66. [PMID: 16923394 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2006.06.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 474] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2006] [Revised: 05/10/2006] [Accepted: 06/06/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells and their progenitors exhibit multilineage patterns of gene expression. Molecular mechanisms underlying the generation and refinement of these patterns during cell fate determination remain unexplored because of the absence of suitable experimental systems. Using PU.1(-/-) progenitors, we demonstrate that at subthreshold levels, this Ets transcription factor regulates a mixed pattern (macrophage/neutrophil) of gene expression within individual myeloid progenitors. Increased PU.1 levels refine the pattern and promote macrophage differentiation by modulating a novel regulatory circuit comprised of counter antagonistic repressors, Egr-1,2/Nab-2 and Gfi-1. Egr-1 and Egr-2 function redundantly to activate macrophage genes and to repress the neutrophil program. These results are used to assemble and mathematically model a gene regulatory network that exhibits both graded and bistable behaviors and accounts for the onset and resolution of mixed lineage patterns during cell fate determination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Laslo
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, The University of Chicago, 929 East 57th Street, GCIS W522, IL 60637, USA
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19
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Gantner BN, Simmons RM, Underhill DM. Dectin-1 mediates macrophage recognition of Candida albicans yeast but not filaments. EMBO J 2005; 24:1277-86. [PMID: 15729357 PMCID: PMC556398 DOI: 10.1038/sj.emboj.7600594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 458] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2004] [Accepted: 02/02/2005] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability of Candida albicans to rapidly and reversibly switch between yeast and filamentous morphologies is crucial to pathogenicity, and it is thought that the filamentous morphology provides some advantage during interaction with the mammalian immune system. Dectin-1 is a receptor that binds beta-glucans and is important for macrophage phagocytosis of fungi. The receptor also collaborates with Toll-like receptors for inflammatory activation of phagocytes by fungi. We show that yeast cell wall beta-glucan is largely shielded from Dectin-1 by outer wall components. However, the normal mechanisms of yeast budding and cell separation create permanent scars which expose sufficient beta-glucan to trigger antimicrobial responses through Dectin-1, including phagocytosis and activation of reactive oxygen production. During filamentous growth, no cell separation or subsequent beta-glucan exposure occurs, and the pathogen fails to activate Dectin-1. The data demonstrate a mechanism by which C. albicans shape alone directly contributes to the method by which phagocytes recognize the fungus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin N Gantner
- The Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - David M Underhill
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA, USA
- Institute for Systems Biology, 1441 N. 34th St., Seattle, WA 98103, USA. Tel.: +1 206 732 1374; Fax: +1 206 732 1299; E-mail:
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20
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Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) mediate recognition of a wide range of microbial products including lipopolysaccharides, lipoproteins, flagellin, and bacterial DNA, and signaling through TLRs leads to the production of inflammatory mediators. In addition to TLRs, many other surface receptors have been proposed to participate in innate immunity and microbial recognition, and signaling through some of these receptors is likely to cooperate with TLR signaling in defining inflammatory responses. In this report we have examined how dectin-1, a lectin family receptor for beta-glucans, collaborates with TLRs in recognizing microbes. Dectin-1, which is expressed at low levels on macrophages and high levels on dendritic cells, contains an immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif-like signaling motif that is tyrosine phosphorylated upon activation. The receptor is recruited to phagosomes containing zymosan particles but not to phagosomes containing immunoglobulin G-opsonized particles. Dectin-1 expression enhances TLR-mediated activation of nuclear factor kappa B by beta-glucan-containing particles, and in macrophages and dendritic cells dectin-1 and TLRs are synergistic in mediating production of cytokines such as interleukin 12 and tumor necrosis factor alpha. Additionally, dectin-1 triggers production of reactive oxygen species, an inflammatory response that is primed by TLR activation. The data demonstrate that collaborative recognition of distinct microbial components by different classes of innate immune receptors is crucial in orchestrating inflammatory responses.
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21
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Norment AM, Bogatzki LY, Gantner BN, Bevan MJ. Murine CCR9, a chemokine receptor for thymus-expressed chemokine that is up-regulated following pre-TCR signaling. J Immunol 2000; 164:639-48. [PMID: 10623805 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.164.2.639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Chemokines are likely to play an important role in regulating the trafficking of developing T cells within the thymus. By using anti-CD3varepsilon treatment of recombinase-activating gene 2 (Rag2-/-) mice to mimic pre-TCR signaling and drive thymocyte development to the double positive stage, we have identified murine GPR-9-6 as a chemokine receptor whose expression is strongly induced following pre-TCR signaling. GPR-9-6 mRNA is present at high levels in the thymus, and by RT-PCR analysis its expression is induced as normal thymocytes undergo the double negative to double positive transition. Furthermore we show that TECK (thymus-expressed chemokine), a chemokine produced by thymic medullary dendritic cells, is a functional ligand for GPR-9-6. TECK specifically induces a calcium flux and chemotaxis of GPR-9-6-transfected cells. In addition, TECK stimulates the migration of normal double positive thymocytes, as well as Rag2-/- thymocytes following anti-CD3varepsilon treatment. Hence, GPR-9-6 has been designated as CC chemokine receptor 9 (CCR9). Our results suggest that TECK delivers signals through CCR9 important for the navigation of developing thymocytes.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/pharmacology
- Calcium/metabolism
- Cell Differentiation/genetics
- Cell Differentiation/immunology
- Cell Line
- Cell Movement/immunology
- Chemokines, CC/metabolism
- Chemokines, CC/physiology
- Chemotaxis, Leukocyte/immunology
- DNA-Binding Proteins/deficiency
- DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Transgenic
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/immunology
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/physiology
- Receptors, CCR
- Receptors, Chemokine/biosynthesis
- Receptors, Chemokine/genetics
- Signal Transduction/immunology
- Stem Cells/metabolism
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/immunology
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/metabolism
- Thymus Gland/cytology
- Thymus Gland/metabolism
- Transfection
- Up-Regulation/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Norment
- Department of Immunology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Washington, Seattle WA 98195, USA.
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