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Qiu X, Zhang S, Zhang Y, Cai L, Li D, Lu Y. Reduction of ETV1 is Identified as a Prominent Feature of Age-Related Cataract. Curr Eye Res 2024; 49:496-504. [PMID: 38200696 DOI: 10.1080/02713683.2024.2302545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To identify the inactive genes in cataract lenses and explore their function in lens epithelial cells (LECs). METHODS Lens epithelium samples obtained from both age-related cataract (ARC) patients and normal donors were subjected to two forms of histone H3 immunoprecipitation: H3K9ac and H3K27me3 chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP), followed by ChIP-seq. The intersection set of "active genes in normal controls" and "repressed genes in cataract lenses" was identified. To validate the role of a specific gene, ETV1, within this set, quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), western blot, and immunofluorescence were performed using clinical lens epithelium samples. Small interference RNA (siRNA) was utilized to reduce the mRNA level of ETV1 in cultured LECs. Following this, transwell assay and western blot was performed to examine the migration ability of the cells. Furthermore, RNA-seq analysis was conducted on both cell samples with ETV1 knockdown and control cells. Additionally, the expression level of ETV1 in LECs was examined using qPCR under H2O2 treatment. RESULTS Six genes were identified in the intersection set of "active genes in normal controls" and "repressed genes in ARC lenses". Among these genes, ETV1 showed the most significant fold-change decrease in the cataract samples compared to the control samples. After ETV1 knockdown by siRNA in cultured LECs, reduced cell migration was observed, along with a decrease in the expression of β-Catenin and Vimentin, two specific genes associated with cell migration. In addition, under the oxidative stress induced by H2O2 treatment, the expression level of ETV1 in LECs significantly decreased. CONCLUSIONS Based on the findings of this study, it can be concluded that ETV1 is significantly reduced in human ARC lenses. The repression of ETV1 in ARC lenses appears to contribute to the disrupted differentiation of lens epithelium, which is likely caused by the inhibition of both cell differentiation and migration processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodi Qiu
- Eye Institute, Eye & ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Shanghai, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Shaohua Zhang
- Eye Institute, Eye & ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Shanghai, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Youmeng Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, Eye & ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Cai
- Eye Institute, Eye & ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Shanghai, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Dan Li
- Eye Institute, Eye & ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Shanghai, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Lu
- Eye Institute, Eye & ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Shanghai, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
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Kim TD, Gu R, Janknecht R. Methylation of the JMJD2B epigenetic regulator differentially affects its ability to coactivate the ETV1 and JUN transcription factors. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 14:101-115. [PMID: 38213775 PMCID: PMC10776875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Jumonji C domain-containing (JMJD) 2B (JMJD2B) is a transcriptional cofactor and histone demethylase that is involved in prostate cancer formation. However, how its function is regulated by posttranslational modification has remained elusive. Hence, we examined if JMJD2B would be regulated by lysine methylation. METHODS Through in vitro methylation assays and Western blotting with methyl-lysine specific antibodies, we analyzed lysine methylation within JMJD2B. Identified methylated lysine residues were mutated to arginine residues and the respective impact on JMJD2B transcriptional activity measured with a reporter gene assay in human LNCaP prostate cancer cells. RESULTS We discovered that JMJD2B is methylated on up to six different lysine residues. Further, we identified the suppressor of variegation 3-9/enhancer of zeste/trithorax (SET) domain-containing protein 7/9 (SET7/9) as the methyltransferase being responsible for this posttranslational modification. Mutating the methylation sites in JMJD2B to arginine residues led to diminished coactivation of the Ju-nana (JUN) transcription factor, which is a known oncogenic protein in prostate tumors. In contrast, methylation of JMJD2B had no impact on its ability to coactivate another transcription factor associated with prostate cancer, the DNA-binding protein E26 transformation-specific (ETS) variant 1 (ETV1). Consistent with a potential joint action of JMJD2B, SET7/9 and JUN in prostate cancer, the expression of JMJD2B in human prostate tumors was positively correlated with both SET7/9 and JUN levels. CONCLUSIONS The identified SET7/9-mediated methylation of JMJD2B appears to impact its cooperation with selected interacting transcription factors in prostate cancer cells. Given the implicated roles of JMJD2B beyond prostate tumorigenesis, SET7/9-mediated methylation of JMJD2B possibly also influences the development of other cancers, while its impairment might have relevance for obesity or a global developmental delay that can be elicited by reduced JMJD2B activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae-Dong Kim
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences CenterOklahoma, OK, USA
| | - Ruicai Gu
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences CenterOklahoma, OK, USA
| | - Ralf Janknecht
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences CenterOklahoma, OK, USA
- Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences CenterOklahoma, OK, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences CenterOklahoma, OK, USA
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3
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Gu R, Kim TD, Jiang H, Shin S, Oh S, Janknecht R. Methylation of the epigenetic JMJD2D protein by SET7/9 promotes prostate tumorigenesis. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1295613. [PMID: 38045004 PMCID: PMC10690936 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1295613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
How the function of the JMJD2D epigenetic regulator is regulated or whether it plays a role in prostate cancer has remained elusive. We found that JMJD2D was overexpressed in prostate tumors, stimulated prostate cancer cell growth and became methylated by SET7/9 on K427. Mutation of this lysine residue in JMJD2D reduced the ability of DU145 prostate cancer cells to grow, invade and form tumors and elicited extensive transcriptomic changes. This included downregulation of CBLC, a ubiquitin ligase gene with hitherto unknown functions in prostate cancer, and upregulation of PLAGL1, a transcription factor with reported tumor suppressive characteristics in the prostate. Bioinformatic analyses indicated that CBLC expression was elevated in prostate tumors. Further, downregulation of CBLC largely phenocopied the effects of the K427 mutation on DU145 cells. In sum, these data have unveiled a novel mode of regulation of JMJD2D through lysine methylation, illustrated how this can affect oncogenic properties by influencing expression of the CBLC gene, and established a pro-tumorigenic role for CBLC in the prostate. A corollary is that JMJD2D and CBLC inhibitors could have therapeutic benefits in the treatment of prostate and possibly other cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruicai Gu
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Tae-Dong Kim
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Hanlin Jiang
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Sook Shin
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
- Stephenson Cancer Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Sangphil Oh
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
- Stephenson Cancer Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Ralf Janknecht
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
- Stephenson Cancer Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
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4
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Gu R, Kim TD, Song H, Sui Y, Shin S, Oh S, Janknecht R. SET7/9-mediated methylation affects oncogenic functions of histone demethylase JMJD2A. JCI Insight 2023; 8:e164990. [PMID: 37870957 PMCID: PMC10619491 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.164990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The histone demethylase JMJD2A/KDM4A facilitates prostate cancer development, yet how JMJD2A function is regulated has remained elusive. Here, we demonstrate that SET7/9-mediated methylation on 6 lysine residues modulated JMJD2A. Joint mutation of these lysine residues suppressed JMJD2A's ability to stimulate the MMP1 matrix metallopeptidase promoter upon recruitment by the ETV1 transcription factor. Mutation of just 3 methylation sites (K505, K506, and K507) to arginine residues (3xR mutation) was sufficient to maximally reduce JMJD2A transcriptional activity and also decreased its binding to ETV1. Introduction of the 3xR mutation into DU145 prostate cancer cells reduced in vitro growth and invasion and also severely compromised tumorigenesis. Consistently, the 3xR genotype caused transcriptome changes related to cell proliferation and invasion pathways, including downregulation of MMP1 and the NPM3 nucleophosmin/nucleoplasmin gene. NPM3 downregulation phenocopied and its overexpression rescued, to a large degree, the 3xR mutation in DU145 cells, suggesting that NPM3 was a seminal downstream effector of methylated JMJD2A. Moreover, we found that NPM3 was overexpressed in prostate cancer and might be indicative of disease aggressiveness. SET7/9-mediated lysine methylation of JMJD2A may aggravate prostate tumorigenesis in a manner dependent on NPM3, implying that the SET7/9→JMJD2A→NPM3 axis could be targeted for therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Sook Shin
- Department of Cell Biology
- Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Sangphil Oh
- Department of Cell Biology
- Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Ralf Janknecht
- Department of Cell Biology
- Department of Pathology, and
- Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
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5
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Guo X, Li Y, Wan B, Lv Y, Wang X, Liu G, Wang P. ETV1 inhibition depressed M2 polarization of tumor-associated macrophage and cell process in gastrointestinal stromal tumor via down-regulating PDE3A. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2023; 72:139-146. [PMID: 36936869 PMCID: PMC10017324 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.22-47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
M2-type polarization of tumor associated-macrophage (TAM) is involved in the malignancy of gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) progression. ETS variant 1 (ETV1) has been previously validated to regulate GIST pathogenesis. Our study intended to explore the role and mechanism of ETV1 in mediating the M2-polarization of TAM in GIST progression. First, we analyzed the correlation between ETV1 expression and M2-polarization in GIST tissues. IL-4 was used to treat THP-1-derived TAM cells and IL-4-stimulated TAM were co-cultured with GIST-T1 cells to mimic the GIST microenvironment. A loss-of-function assay was performed to explore the role of ETV1. Results showed that ETV1 elevation was positively correlated with M2-polarization. IL-4-induced TAM promoted ETV1 expression, silencing ETV1 inhibited proliferation, invasion and KIT activation in IL-4-treated GIST cells, while cell apoptosis was enhanced. Besides, co-culture of ETV1-silenced GIST cells significantly depressed M2-polarization in TAM, presented as decreased levels of CD206, Agr-1 and cytokines, as well as the proportion of CD206-positive TAM. PDE3A was positively correlated with ETV1 and M2-polarization. Overexpressing PDE3A reversed the inhibitory effects of ETV1 silencing. Generally, ETV1 inhibition depressed M2-polarization of TAM in GIST and its promotion on pathological aggravation via down-regulating PDE3A. This evidence may provide a new target for GIST regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyan Guo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shaanxi Provincial People’s Hospital, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710068, China
| | - Yulong Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shaanxi Provincial People’s Hospital, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710068, China
| | - Bingbing Wan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shaanxi Provincial People’s Hospital, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710068, China
| | - Yifei Lv
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shaanxi Provincial People’s Hospital, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710068, China
| | - Xue Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shaanxi Provincial People’s Hospital, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710068, China
| | - Guisheng Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shaanxi Provincial People’s Hospital, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710068, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shaanxi Provincial People’s Hospital, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710068, China
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
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Sui Y, Jiang H, Kellogg CM, Oh S, Janknecht R. Promotion of colorectal cancer by transcription factor BHLHE40 involves upregulation of ADAM19 and KLF7. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1122238. [PMID: 36890812 PMCID: PMC9986587 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1122238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BHLHE40 is a transcription factor, whose role in colorectal cancer has remained elusive. We demonstrate that the BHLHE40 gene is upregulated in colorectal tumors. Transcription of BHLHE40 was jointly stimulated by the DNA-binding ETV1 protein and two associated histone demethylases, JMJD1A/KDM3A and JMJD2A/KDM4A, which were shown to also form complexes on their own and whose enzymatic activity was required for BHLHE40 upregulation. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays revealed that ETV1, JMJD1A and JMJD2A interacted with several regions within the BHLHE40 gene promoter, suggesting that these three factors directly control BHLHE40 transcription. BHLHE40 downregulation suppressed both growth and clonogenic activity of human HCT116 colorectal cancer cells, strongly hinting at a pro-tumorigenic role of BHLHE40. Through RNA sequencing, the transcription factor KLF7 and the metalloproteinase ADAM19 were identified as putative BHLHE40 downstream effectors. Bioinformatic analyses showed that both KLF7 and ADAM19 are upregulated in colorectal tumors as well as associated with worse survival and their downregulation impaired HCT116 clonogenic activity. In addition, ADAM19, but not KLF7, downregulation reduced HCT116 cell growth. Overall, these data have revealed a ETV1/JMJD1A/JMJD2A→BHLHE40 axis that may stimulate colorectal tumorigenesis through upregulation of genes such as KLF7 and ADAM19, suggesting that targeting this axis represents a potential novel therapeutic avenue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Sui
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Hanlin Jiang
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Collyn M Kellogg
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Sangphil Oh
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States.,Stephenson Cancer Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Ralf Janknecht
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States.,Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States.,Stephenson Cancer Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
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7
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Shen X, Zhou C, Feng H, Li J, Xia T, Cheng X, Zhao R, Zou D. ETV1 Positively Correlated With Immune Infiltration and Poor Clinical Prognosis in Colorectal Cancer. Front Immunol 2022; 13:939806. [PMID: 35860243 PMCID: PMC9291282 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.939806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
ObjectiveNumerous studies recently suggested that the immune microenvironment could influence the development of colorectal cancer (CRC). These findings implied that the infiltration of immune cells could be a promising prognostic biomarker for CRC.MethodsFurthermore, the Oncomine database and R2 platform analysis were applied in our research to validate CRC clinical prognosis via expression levels of polyoma enhancer activator 3 (PEA3) members. We explored the correlation of ETV1, ETV4, and ETV5 with tumor-infiltrating immune cells (TIICs) in CRC tumor microenvironments via the Tumor Immune Estimation Resource (TIMER) and Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA). Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was used to validate our CRC clinical data.ResultsOur findings indicated that the upregulation of PEA3 members including ETV1 and ETV5 was positively associated with poor prognosis in CRC patients. Meanwhile, ETV1 and ETV5 may play significant roles in the development progress of CRC. Furthermore, ETV1 tends to be associated with immune infiltration of CRC, especially with cancer-associated fibroblasts and M2 macrophages.ConclusionThese findings revealed that ETV1 and ETV5 played significant roles in the development of CRC. Moreover, ETV1 was significantly associated with the infiltration of cancer-associated fibroblasts and M2 macrophages in CRC. Targeting ETV1 can be a potential auspicious approach for CRC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaonan Shen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunhua Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Haoran Feng
- Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jialu Li
- State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tianxue Xia
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xi Cheng
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Xi Cheng, ; Ren Zhao, ; Duowu Zou,
| | - Ren Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Xi Cheng, ; Ren Zhao, ; Duowu Zou,
| | - Duowu Zou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Xi Cheng, ; Ren Zhao, ; Duowu Zou,
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8
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Jeon HY, Ryu H, Pornour M, Qi J. Histone demethylase JMJD1A in cancer progression and therapeutic resistance. Mol Carcinog 2022; 61:392-396. [PMID: 35020958 PMCID: PMC8930527 DOI: 10.1002/mc.23390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
JMJD1A (also called lysine demethylase 3A [KDM3A]) belongs to the Jumonji C family of histone demethylases. It specifically removes the repressive mono- or di-methyl marks from histone H3 at lysine 9 and thus contributes to the activation of gene transcription. JMJD1A plays a key role in a variety of biological processes such as spermatogenesis, metabolism, sex determination, and stem cell activity. JMJD1A is upregulated in various types of cancers and can promote cancer development, progression, and therapeutic resistance. JMJD1A can epigenetically regulate the expression or activity of transcription factors such as c-Myc, androgen receptor (AR), estrogen receptor (ER), β-catenin, and so on. Expression and activity of JMJD1A in cancer cells can be regulated at transcriptional, post-transcriptional, and post-translational levels. Targeting JMJD1A may repress the oncogenic transcription factors as a potential anticancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee-Young Jeon
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Hyunju Ryu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Majid Pornour
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jianfei Qi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Fang T, Liang T, Wang Y, Wu H, Liu S, Xie L, Zhang Z, Liang J, Yao C, Tan Y, Wang C. An Early-Onset Advanced Rectal Cancer Patient With Increased KRAS Gene Copy Number Showed A Primary Resistance to Cetuximab in Combination With Chemotherapy: A Case Report. Front Oncol 2021; 11:755578. [PMID: 34888240 PMCID: PMC8649836 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.755578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in KRAS (codon 12/13), NRAS, BRAFV600E, and amplification of ERBB2 and MET account for 70–80% of anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) monoclonal antibody primary resistance. However, the list of anti-EGFR monoclonal antibody primary resistance biomarkers is still incomplete. Herein, we report a case of wild-type RAS/BRAF metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC) with resistance to anti-EGFR monoclonal antibody and chemotherapy. Initially, mutation detection in postoperative tumor tissue by using amplification-refractory mutation system polymerase chain reaction indicated wild-type RAS/BRAF without point mutations, insertion deletions, or fusion mutations. Therefore, we recommended combined therapy of cetuximab and FOLFIRI after failure of platinum-based adjuvant chemotherapy, but the disease continued to progress. Next generation sequencing analysis of the postoperative tumor tissue revealed that KRAS copy number was increased and detected SMAD4, RNF43, and PREX2 mutations. This is the first case of advanced CRC with increased copy numbers of KRAS resistant to cetuximab and chemotherapy, which results in poor patient survival, and other mutated genes may be associated with the outcomes. Our findings indicate KRAS copy number alterations should also be examined, especially with anti-EGFR monoclonal antibody therapy in CRC, since it may be related with the primary resistance to these drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Fang
- Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Tingting Liang
- Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yizhuo Wang
- Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Haitao Wu
- Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Shuhan Liu
- Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Linying Xie
- Bethune Institute of Epigenetic Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhihao Zhang
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jiaying Liang
- Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Cheng Yao
- Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yehui Tan
- Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Chang Wang
- Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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10
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Oh S, Shin S, Janknecht R. Sumoylation of transcription factor ETV1 modulates its oncogenic potential in prostate cancer. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2021; 14:795-810. [PMID: 34367411 PMCID: PMC8339722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The transcription factor ETS variant 1 (ETV1) is capable of promoting prostate tumorigenesis. We demonstrate that ETV1 can be posttranslationally modified by covalent attachment of small ubiquitin-like modifier 1 (SUMO1) onto four different lysine residues. In human embryonic kidney 293T cells, mutation of these sumoylation sites stimulated the transactivation potential of ETV1 at the matrix metalloproteinase 1 (MMP1), but not Yes-associated protein 1 gene promoter, while ETV1 protein stability and intracellular localization remained unchanged. In stark contrast, sumoylation-deficient ETV1 was repressed in its ability to stimulate the MMP1 promoter and to cooperate with a histone demethylase, JmjC domain-containing 2A (JMJD2A), in LNCaP prostate cancer cells. Mutation of sumoylation sites enhanced the ability of ETV1 to interact with the histone deacetylase (HDAC) 1, but had basically no impact on complex formation with HDAC3 or JMJD2A. Further, compared to non-sumoylated ETV1, its sumoylated forms were less able to bind to the transcription factor, SMAD family member 4. Lastly, in contrast to wild-type ETV1, sumoylation-deficient ETV1 repressed LNCaP cell growth. Altogether, these data suggest that sumoylation modulates ETV1 function in a cell type-specific manner, possibly by altering the spectrum of transcriptional cofactors being recruited. Notably, SUMO pathway components SUMO1, ubiquitin-like modifier activating enzyme 2 and ubiquitin conjugating enzyme 9 were upregulated in prostate tumors, implying that enhanced sumoylation indeed promotes ETV1's oncogenic activity during prostate cancer formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangphil Oh
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences CenterOklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
- Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences CenterOklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Sook Shin
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences CenterOklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
- Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences CenterOklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Ralf Janknecht
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences CenterOklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
- Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences CenterOklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences CenterOklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
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