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Shi S, Wang L, van der Laan LJW, Pan Q, Verstegen MMA. Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Oxidative Stress in Liver Transplantation and Underlying Diseases: New Insights and Therapeutics. Transplantation 2021; 105:2362-2373. [PMID: 33577251 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000003691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/06/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are essential organelles for cellular energy and metabolism. Like with any organ, the liver highly depends on the function of these cellular powerhouses. Hepatotoxic insults often lead to an impairment of mitochondrial activity and an increase in oxidative stress, thereby compromising the metabolic and synthetic functions. Mitochondria play a critical role in ATP synthesis and the production or scavenging of free radicals. Mitochondria orchestrate many cellular signaling pathways involved in the regulation of cell death, metabolism, cell division, and progenitor cell differentiation. Mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress are closely associated with ischemia-reperfusion injury during organ transplantation and with different liver diseases, including cholestasis, steatosis, viral hepatitis, and drug-induced liver injury. To develop novel mitochondria-targeting therapies or interventions, a better understanding of mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress in hepatic pathogenesis is very much needed. Therapies targeting mitochondria impairment and oxidative imbalance in liver diseases have been extensively studied in preclinical and clinical research. In this review, we provide an overview of how oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction affect liver diseases and liver transplantation. Furthermore, we summarize recent developments of antioxidant and mitochondria-targeted interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaojun Shi
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ling Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Luc J W van der Laan
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Qiuwei Pan
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Monique M A Verstegen
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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Rezq S, Hassan R, Mahmoud MF. Rimonabant ameliorates hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats: Involvement of autophagy via modulating ERK- and PI3K/AKT-mTOR pathways. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 100:108140. [PMID: 34536742 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.108140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Hepatic ischemia/reperfusion (HIR), which can result in severe liver injury and dysfunction, is usually associated with autophagy and endocannabinoid system derangements. Whether or not the modulation of the autophagic response following HIR injury is involved in the hepatoprotective effect of the cannabinoid receptor 1(CB1R) antagonist rimonabant remains elusive and is the aim of the current study. Rats pre-treated with rimonabant (3 mg/kg) or vehicle underwent 30 min hepatic ischemia followed by 6 hrs. reperfusion. Liver injury was evaluated by serum ALT, AST, bilirubin (total and direct levels) and histopathological examination. The inflammatory, profibrotic and oxidative responses were investigated by assessing hepatic tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), transforming growth factor (TGF-β), lipid peroxidation and reduced glutathione. The hepatic levels of CB1R and autophagic markers p62, Beclin-1, and LC3 as well as the autophagic signaling inhibitors ERK1/2, PI3K, Akt and mTOR were also determined. Rimonabant significantly attenuated HIR-induced increases in hepatic injury, inflammation, profibrotic responses and oxidative stress and improved the associated pathological features. Rimonabant modulated the expression of p62, Beclin-1, and LC3, down-regulated CB1R, and dcreased pERK1/2, PI3K, Akt, and mTOR activities. The current study suggests that rimonabant can protect the liver from IR injury at least in part by inducing autophagy, probably by modulating ERK- and/or PI3K/AKT-mTOR signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samar Rezq
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Egypt.
| | - Reham Hassan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Egypt
| | - Mona F Mahmoud
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Egypt
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Cong R, Yang J, Zhou J, Shi J, Zhu Y, Zhu J, Xiao J, Wang P, He Y, He B. The Potential Role of Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Receptor Type C (CD45) in the Intestinal Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. J Comput Biol 2019; 27:1303-1312. [PMID: 31855448 DOI: 10.1089/cmb.2019.0244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was designed to identify several key genes and their functions in preventing or ameliorating intestinal ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury, which could provide rationale for further exploring the regulatory mechanisms or clinical treatment for intestinal IR injury. The microarray GSE37013 of human intestinal IR injury was downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus database. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) with changes of reperfusion time were screened using Short Time-series Expression Miner, followed by function enrichment analysis, protein-protein interaction (PPI) network, and module construction. Subsequently, the key DEGs were identified with VEEN analysis based on the significant results of function enrichment analysis and PPI module. Finally, the gene-drug interactions were predicted using DGIdb 2.0. The DEGs of intestinal IR injury were significantly divided into three clusters with changes of reperfusion time. The genes in the three clusters were mainly enriched in transmembrane transport, defense responses, and cellular component assembly related pathways, respectively. There were 121 nodes and 281 interactions in PPI network, including one significant submodule. Protein tyrosine phosphatase, receptor type C (PTPRC) was a hub code both in PPI network and in submodule. A total of eight key DEGs were identified but only PTPRC was predicted to be interacted with eight drugs, such as infliximab. Totally, eight key genes associated with intestinal IR were identified; PTPRC especially was the most prominent potential drug target. These findings provided several potential therapeutic targets or potential breakthrough area in the study of intestinal IR injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruochen Cong
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jushun Yang
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jianhua Shi
- Department of Biochemistry, Nantong University Medical School, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yihua Zhu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jianfeng Zhu
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jing Xiao
- Department of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ying He
- Department of Ultrasound, Tumor Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bosheng He
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China.,Clinical Medicine Research Center, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
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Czigany Z, Hata K, Lai W, Schwandt T, Yamamoto Y, Uemoto S, Tolba RH. A Dual Protective Effect of Intestinal Remote Ischemic Conditioning in a Rat Model of Total Hepatic Ischemia. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8101546. [PMID: 31561505 PMCID: PMC6832347 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8101546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2019] [Revised: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the effects of intestinal remote ischemic preconditioning (iRIC) on ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) and gut barrier integrity in a rat model of total hepatic ischemia (THI). Male Wistar rats (n = 50; 250–300 g) were randomly allocated into two experimental groups: RIC/Control. Thirty minutes of THI was induced by clamping the hepatoduodenal ligament. iRIC was applied as 4-min of ischemia followed by 11-min of reperfusion by clamping the superior mesenteric artery. Animals were sacrificed at 1, 2, 6, 24 h post-reperfusion (n = 5/group/timepoint). RIC of the gut significantly improved microcirculation of the ileum and the liver. Tissue ATP-levels were higher following iRIC (Liver: 1.34 ± 0.12 vs. 0.97 ± 0.20 μmol/g, p = 0.04) and hepatocellular injury was reduced significantly (ALT: 2409 ± 447 vs. 6613 ± 1117 IU/L, p = 0.003). Systemic- and portal venous IL-6 and TNF-alpha levels were markedly lower following iRIC, demonstrating a reduced inflammatory response. iRIC led to a structural and functional preservation of the intestinal barrier. These results suggest that iRIC might confer a potent protection against the detrimental effects of THI in rats via reducing IRI and systemic inflammatory responses and at the same time by mitigating the dramatic consequences of severe intestinal congestion and bacterial translocation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoltan Czigany
- Department of Surgery and Transplantation, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Koichiro Hata
- Department of Surgery, Division of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery and Transplantation, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan.
| | - Wei Lai
- Organ Transplantation Department, Tongji Hospital, Wuhan 430030, China.
| | - Timo Schwandt
- Institutes of Molecular Medicine and Experimental Immunology (IMMEI), University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany.
| | - Yuzo Yamamoto
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita 010-8543, Japan.
| | - Shinji Uemoto
- Department of Surgery, Division of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery and Transplantation, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan.
| | - Rene H Tolba
- Institute for Laboratory Animal Science and Experimental Surgery, RWTH-Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
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Oliveira TRRD, Oliveira GFD, Simões RS, Feitosa SM, Tikazawa EH, Monteiro HP, Fagundes DJ, Taha MO. The expression of endothelial and inducible nitric oxide synthase and apoptosis in intestinal ischemia and reperfusion injury under the action of ischemic preconditioning and pentoxifylline. Acta Cir Bras 2017; 32:935-948. [PMID: 29236798 DOI: 10.1590/s0102-865020170110000005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2017] [Accepted: 10/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the expression of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and apoptosis associated with ischemic preconditioning (IPC) and pentoxifylline (PTX) in intestinal ischemia (I) and reperfusion (R) injury. METHODS Thirty male rats were assigned to 5 groups: (CG), no clamping of the superior mesenteric artery (90 minutes); (IR-SS) saline + ischemia (30 minutes) + reperfusion (60 minutes); (IR-PTX) PTX + ischemia (30 minutes) + reperfusion (60 minutes); (IPC-IR-SS) 5 minutes of ischemia + 5 minutes of reperfusion (IPC) + saline + I(30 minutes)+R(60 minutes); and (IPC-IR-PTX) IPC + PTX + I(30 minutes)+ R(60 minutes). RESULTS The application of IPC and PTX showed a significantly lower immunohistochemistry reaction for active caspase-3 (P<0.05) compared to IR+SS. The number of cells immunoreactive to BCL-2 was higher in the IR-PTX group (P>0.05). The NOS-2 expression (qRTPCR) in the IR-PTX group (P<0.05) was higher than the values for the IPC+IR-SS and IPC-IR-PTX groups. The NOS-3 expression was significantly upper in the IPC-IR-PTX group than in the CG (P<0.05), the IR-SS (P<0.05) and the IR-PTX (P<0.05) groups. CONCLUSIONS The BCL-2 and active caspase-3 showed beneficial effects on PTX and IPC. The expression of NOS-2 and NOS-3 in the IPC and IPC-PTX groups showed no synergistic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresinha Regina Ribeiro de Oliveira
- PhD, Associate Professor, School of Health Sciences, Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados (UFGD), Brazil. Acquisition, analysis and interpretation of data; technical procedures; statistical analysis; manuscript preparation and writing
| | - Geraldo Ferreira de Oliveira
- PhD, Associate Professor, School of Health Sciences, UFGD, Dourados-MS, Brazil. Acquisition of data, technical procedures, manuscript writing
| | - Ricardo Santos Simões
- PhD, Department of Morfology and Genetic, Universidade de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Brazil. Immunohistochemical examinations, analysis of data
| | - Suellen Maurim Feitosa
- PhD, Department Gynecology, UNIFESP, Sao Paulo-SP, Brazil. Acquisition, analysis and interpretation of data; technical procedures
| | - Eduardo Hiroshi Tikazawa
- MD, Department Public Health, School of Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Brazil. Acquisition of data, technical procedures, manuscript preparation
| | - Hugo Pequeno Monteiro
- PhD, Full Professor, Department of Biochemistry, UNIFESP, Sao Paulo-SP, Brazil. Analysis and interpretation of data, manuscript preparation, critical revision
| | - Djalma José Fagundes
- PhD, Full Professor, Division of Surgical Techniques and Experimental Surgery, Department of Surgery, UNIFESP, Sao Paulo-SP, Brazil. Analysis and interpretation of data, manuscript preparation, critical revision
| | - Murched Omar Taha
- PhD, Associate Professor, Division of Surgical Techniques and Experimental Surgery, Department of Surgery, UNIFESP, Sao Paulo-SP, Brazil. Conception and design of the study, critical revision, final approval
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Xue Y, Xu Z, Chen H, Gan W, Chong T. Low-energy shock wave preconditioning reduces renal ischemic reperfusion injury caused by renal artery occlusion. Acta Cir Bras 2017; 32:550-558. [PMID: 28793039 DOI: 10.1590/s0102-865020170070000006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: To evaluate whether low energy shock wave preconditioning could reduce renal ischemic reperfusion injury caused by renal artery occlusion. Methods: The right kidneys of 64 male Sprague Dawley rats were removed to establish an isolated kidney model. The rats were then divided into four treatment groups: Group 1 was the sham treatment group; Group 2, received only low-energy (12 kv, 1 Hz, 200 times) shock wave preconditioning; Group 3 received the same low-energy shock wave preconditioning as Group 2, and then the left renal artery was occluded for 45 minutes; and Group 4 had the left renal artery occluded for 45 minutes. At 24 hours and one-week time points after reperfusion, serum inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1), creatinine (Cr), and cystatin C (Cys C) levels were measured, malondialdehyde (MDA) in kidney tissue was detected, and changes in nephric morphology were evaluated by light and electron microscopy. Results: Twenty-four hours after reperfusion, serum iNOS, NGAL, Cr, Cys C, and MDA levels in Group 3 were significantly lower than those in Group 4; light and electron microscopy showed that the renal tissue injury in Group 3 was significantly lighter than that in Group 4. One week after reperfusion, serum NGAL, KIM-1, and Cys C levels in Group 3 were significantly lower than those in Group 4. Conclusion: Low-energy shock wave preconditioning can reduce renal ischemic reperfusion injury caused by renal artery occlusion in an isolated kidney rat model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuquan Xue
- PhD, Department of Urology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Shaanxi Province, China. Conception and design of the study, intellectual content of the study, analysis and interpretation of data, drafting of the manuscript, critical revision, supervised all phases of the study
| | - Zhibin Xu
- MD, Department of Urology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Shaanxi Province, China. Acquisition, analysis and interpretation of data; statistical analysis
| | - Haiwen Chen
- PhD, Department of Urology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Shaanxi Province, China. Conception and design of the study, intellectual content of the study, analysis and interpretation of data, drafting of the manuscript, critical revision, supervised all phases of the study
| | - Weimin Gan
- MD, Department of Urology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Shaanxi Province, China. Acquisition, analysis and interpretation of data; statistical analysis
| | - Tie Chong
- PhD, Department of Urology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Shaanxi Province, China. Conception and design of the study, intellectual content of the study, analysis and interpretation of data, drafting of the manuscript, critical revision, supervised all phases of the study
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Hu C, Li L. Pre-conditions for eliminating mitochondrial dysfunction and maintaining liver function after hepatic ischaemia reperfusion. J Cell Mol Med 2017; 21:1719-1731. [PMID: 28301072 PMCID: PMC5571537 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The liver, the largest organ with multiple synthesis and secretion functions in mammals, consists of hepatocytes and Kupffer, stem, endothelial, stellate and other parenchymal cells. Because of early and extensive contact with the external environment, hepatic ischaemia reperfusion (IR) may result in mitochondrial dysfunction, autophagy and apoptosis of cells and tissues under various pathological conditions. Because the liver requires a high oxygen supply to maintain normal detoxification and synthesis functions, it is extremely susceptible to ischaemia and subsequent reperfusion with blood. Consequently, hepatic IR leads to acute or chronic liver failure and significantly increases the total rate of morbidity and mortality through multiple regulatory mechanisms. An increasing number of studies indicate that mitochondrial structure and function are impaired after hepatic IR, but that the health of liver tissues or liver grafts can be effectively rescued by attenuation of mitochondrial dysfunction. In this review, we mainly focus on the subsequent therapeutic interventions related to the conservation of mitochondrial function involved in mitigating hepatic IR injury and the potential mechanisms of protection. Because mitochondria are abundant in liver tissue, clarification of the regulatory mechanisms between mitochondrial dysfunction and hepatic IR should shed light on clinical therapies for alleviating hepatic IR‐induced injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxia Hu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lanjuan Li
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Current Antioxidant Treatments in Organ Transplantation. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2016; 2016:8678510. [PMID: 27403232 PMCID: PMC4926011 DOI: 10.1155/2016/8678510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2016] [Revised: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is one of the key mechanisms affecting the outcome throughout the course of organ transplantation. It is widely believed that the redox balance is dysregulated during ischemia and reperfusion (I/R) and causes subsequent oxidative injury, resulting from the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Moreover, in order to alleviate organ shortage, increasing number of grafts is retrieved from fatty, older, and even non-heart-beating donors that are particularly vulnerable to the accumulation of ROS. To improve the viability of grafts and reduce the risk of posttransplant dysfunction, a large number of studies have been done focusing on the antioxidant treatments for the purpose of maintaining the redox balance and thereby protecting the grafts. This review provides an overview of these emerging antioxidant treatments, targeting donor, graft preservation, and recipient as well.
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