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Ali A M MT, Narayana S DS, Lulu S S, Nag S, Sundararajan V. Targeting NF-κB pathway for the anti-inflammatory potential of Bhadradarvadi kashayam on stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. Heliyon 2023; 9:e19270. [PMID: 37664699 PMCID: PMC10469766 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e19270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophage-arbitrated inflammation is associated with the regulation of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Low risk and better efficiency are steered herbal drugs more credible than conventional medicines in RA management. Bhadradarvadi (BDK) concoction has been traditionally used for rheumatism in Ayurveda. However, the mechanisms at the molecular level are still elusive. This study was designed to inspect the process of immunomodulation and anti-inflammatory properties of BDK in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages for the first time. BDK concoction was prepared and evaluated with the stimulated murine macrophage-like RAW 264.7 cell lines. TNF-α, IL6, and PGE2 were quantified by ELISA. The normalization of the fold change in the expression of the target gene mRNA was done by comparing the values of the β-actin housekeeping gene using the 2-ΔΔCt comparative cycle threshold. The expression of TNF-α, IL6, iNOS, and COX-2 in the RAW 264.7 macrophage cells was analyzed using flow cytometry. Our results showed that BDK (150-350 μl/ml) treatment significantly decreased the inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, and IL-6) and inflammatory mediators (PGE2) in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. The pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6) expression, inflammatory enzymes (iNOS and COX-2), and NF-κBp65 were significantly downregulated at transcriptome level in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. The flow cytometry analysis revealed that BDK treatment diminished the TNF-α, IL-6, iNOS, and COX-2 expression at the proteome level, as well as obstruction of NF-κB-p65 nuclear translocation was observed by immunofluorescence analysis in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. Collectively, BDK can intensely augment the anti-inflammatory activities via inhibiting the NF-κB signaling pathway trigger for treating autoimmune disorders including RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Thoufic Ali A M
- Integrative Multiomics Lab, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Devi Soorya Narayana S
- Integrative Multiomics Lab, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sajitha Lulu S
- Integrative Multiomics Lab, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sagnik Nag
- Integrative Multiomics Lab, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Vino Sundararajan
- Integrative Multiomics Lab, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
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Wang SY, Sun XC, Lv XY, Li JN, Han B, Liu KL, Wang S, Sheng HG, Zhang C, Guo F, Cui YD. Network pharmacology-based approach uncovers the pharmacodynamic components and mechanism of Fructus Tribuli for improving endothelial dysfunction in hypertension. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023:116749. [PMID: 37295575 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Fructus Tribuli (FT), a traditional Chinese medicinal herbal, has been used for the clinical treatment of cardiovascular diseases for many years and affects vascular endothelial dysfunction (ED) in patients with hypertension. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aimed to demonstrate the pharmacodynamic basis and mechanisms of FT for the treatment of ED. MATERIALS AND METHODS The present study used ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadruple-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q-TOF/MS) to analyze and identify the chemical components of FT. The active components in blood were determined after the oral administration of FT by comparative analysis to blank plasma. Then, based on the active components in vivo, network pharmacology was performed to predict the potential targets of FT in treating ED. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses were also performed, and component-target-pathway networks were constructed. Interactions between the major active components and main targets were verified by molecular docking. Moreover, spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) were divided into the normal, model, valsartan, low-dose FT, medium-dose FT, and high-dose FT experimental groups. In pharmacodynamic verification studies, treatment effects on blood pressure, serum markers (nitric oxide [NO], endothelin-1 [ET-1,], and angiotensin Ⅱ [Ang Ⅱ)]) of ED, and endothelial morphology of the thoracic aorta were evaluated and compared between groups. Finally, the PI3K/AKT/eNOS pathway was analyzed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and Western blot of the thoracic aorta of rats in each group to detect the mRNA expression of PI3K, AKT, and eNOS and the protein expression of PI3K, AKT, p-AKT, eNOS, and p-eNOS. RESULTS A total of 51 chemical components were identified in FT, and 49 active components were identified in rat plasma. Thirteen major active components, 22 main targets, and the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway were screened by network pharmacology. The animal experiment results showed that FT reduced systolic blood pressure and ET-1 and Ang Ⅱ levels and increased NO levels in SHRs to varying degrees. The therapeutic effects were positively correlated with the oral dose of FT. Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining confirmed that FT could alleviate the pathological damage of the vascular endothelium. qRT-PCR and Western blot analysis confirmed that up-regulated expression of the PI3K/AKT/eNOS signaling pathway could improve ED. CONCLUSIONS In this study, the material basis of FT was comprehensively identified, and the protective effect on ED was confirmed. FT had a treatment effect on ED through multi-component, multi-target, and multi-pathways. It also played a role by up-regulating the PI3K/AKT/eNOS signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Yue Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, China; Binzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Binzhou, 256600, China
| | - Xiao-Chen Sun
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, China; Zaozhuang Vocational College of Science & Technology, Zaozhuang, 277500, China
| | - Xi-Yu Lv
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, China
| | - Jing-Na Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, China
| | - Bing Han
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, China
| | - Kun-Lin Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, China
| | - Shuai Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, China
| | - Hua-Gang Sheng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, China.
| | - Fei Guo
- The Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250011, China.
| | - Yi-Dong Cui
- Department of Orthopedics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China.
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Khalid A, Nadeem T, Khan MA, Ali Q, Zubair M. In vitro evaluation of immunomodulatory, anti-diabetic, and anti-cancer molecular mechanisms of Tribulus terrestris extracts. Sci Rep 2022; 12:22478. [PMID: 36577761 PMCID: PMC9797551 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-26742-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Dampened immunity and impaired wound healing in diabetic patients may lead to diabetic foot ulcer disease, which is the leading cause of limb amputations and hospitalization. On the other hand, cancer is the most significant cause of mortality globally, accounting for over 10 million fatalities in 2020, or nearly one in every six deaths. Plants and herbs have been used to treat chronic diseases due to their essential pharmaceutical attributes, such as mitigating drug resistance, ameliorating systemic toxicities, reducing the need for synthetic chemotherapeutic agents,and strengthening the immune system. The present study has been designed to evaluate the effects of Tribulus terrestris on wound healing, cytotoxic and anti-inflammatory responses against HepG-2 liver cancer cell line. Two solvents (methanol and ethanol) were used for root extraction of T. terrestris. The wound healing potential of the extracts was studied on diabetic cell culture line by scratch assay. The anti-oxidant and cytotoxic potentials were evaluated by in vitro assays against HepG2 cell line. The methanolic root extract resulted in the coverage of robust radical scavenging or maximum inhibition of 66.72%,potent cytotoxic activity or reduced cell viability of 40.98%, and anti-diabetic activity having mighty α-glucosidase inhibition of 50.16% at a concentration of 80 μg/ml. Significant reduction in the levels of LDH leakage (56.38%), substantial ROS (48.45%) and SOD (72.13%) activities were recorededMoreover, gene expression analysis demonstrated the down-regulation of inflammatory markers (TNF-α, MMP-9, Bcl-2, and AFP) in HepG-2 cells when treated with T. terresteris methanolic extract as compared to stress. Furthermore, the down-regulation of inflammatory markers was validated through ELISA-mediated protein estimation of IL-1β and TNF-α. It is expected that this study will lay a foundation and lead to the development of efficient but low-cost, natural herbs extract-based dressing/ointment for diabetic patients and identify potential drug metabolites to treat out-of-whack inflammatory responses involved in cancer onset, progression, and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Khalid
- grid.411786.d0000 0004 0637 891XDepartment of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Tariq Nadeem
- grid.11173.350000 0001 0670 519XCentre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Asaf Khan
- grid.412298.40000 0000 8577 8102Institute of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, MNS-University of Agriculture, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Qurban Ali
- grid.11173.350000 0001 0670 519XDepartment of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of the Punjab Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Zubair
- grid.411786.d0000 0004 0637 891XDepartment of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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Fernández-Lázaro D, Seco-Calvo J, Pascual-Fernández J, Domínguez-Ortega C, Del Valle Soto M, Mielgo-Ayuso J. 6-Week Supplementation with Tribulus terrestris L. to Trained Male CrossFit ® Athletes on Muscle, Inflammation, and Antioxidant Biomarkers: A Randomized, Single-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:16158. [PMID: 36498228 PMCID: PMC9736311 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192316158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Tribulus terrestris L. (TT) ingredients have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities, but their effects on exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD) in trained athletes are uncertain. The purpose of this single-blind placebo-controlled trial, in accordance with CONSORT guidelines, was to examine the effect of 6 weeks of TT supplementation on muscle metabolism, inflammation biomarkers, and oxidant status. Thirty trained male CrossFit® athletes were randomly assigned to be supplemented with 770 mg/day of TT (intervention group (IG)) or receive a placebo daily (control group (CG)) for 6 weeks. Muscle damage enzymes, inflammation biomarkers, and Total Antioxidant Status (TAS) were assessed at baseline (T1), 21 days after baseline (T2), and after 42 days (T3). Grace, a Workout of the Day, was measured in T1 and T3. Statistical significance (p < 0.05) was found between IG and CG in Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH), C-reactive protein (CRP), and TAS levels at the end of the follow-up. Furthermore, TAS levels were significantly (p < 0.05) lower at T2 and T3 relative to baseline in the IG, also LDH and CRP increased significantly (p < 0.05) at T2 and T3 relative to baseline in the CG. No significant (p > 0.05) decreases in muscle damage or inflammation biomarkers were observed, although a slight downward trend was observed after 6 weeks for supplemented athletes. TT supplementation could attenuate the CrossFit® training program-induced oxidative stress, muscle damage, and inflammation which could be due to the natural antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of TT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Fernández-Lázaro
- Department of Cellular Biology, Genetics, Histology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Valladolid, Campus of Soria, 42003 Soria, Spain
- Neurobiology Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valladolid, 47005 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Jesús Seco-Calvo
- Physiotherapy Department, Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED), Campus of Vegazana, University of Leon, 24071 Leon, Spain
- Psychology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Basque Country University, 48900 Leioa, Spain
| | - Jorge Pascual-Fernández
- Medical Hospital Emergency Service of Hospital San Pedro, Rioja Health, 26006 Logroño, Spain
| | - Carlos Domínguez-Ortega
- Department of Cellular Biology, Genetics, Histology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Valladolid, Campus of Soria, 42003 Soria, Spain
- Hematology Service of Santa Bárbara Hospital, Castile and Leon Health (SACyL), 42003 Soria, Spain
| | - Miguel Del Valle Soto
- Department of Cellular Morphology and Biology, Universidad de Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Juan Mielgo-Ayuso
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Burgos, 09001 Burgos, Spain
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Structural Analysis and Anti-Inflammatory Effect of a Digalactosyldiacylglycerol-Monoestolide, a Characteristic Glycolipid in Oats. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14194153. [PMID: 36235807 PMCID: PMC9570764 DOI: 10.3390/nu14194153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Digalactosyldiacylglycerol- (DGDG-) monoestolide is a characteristic glycolipid in oats. DGDG-monoestolides possess a unique structure whereby a fatty acid of DGDG is replaced by a fatty acid ester of hydroxy fatty acid (FAHFA). While the physiological effects of DGDG and FAHFA have been reported previously, the effects of DGDG-monoestolides are unknown. Hence, we isolated a major DGDG-monoestolide molecular species from oats, analyzed its structure, and evaluated its anti-inflammatory effect. Based on GC-MS, MS/MS, and NMR analyses, the isolated compound was identified as a DGDG-monoestolide that contains the linoleic acid ester of 15-hydroxy linoleic acid (LAHLA) and linoleic acid (i.e., DGDG-LAHLA). The isolated DGDG-LAHLA was evaluated for its anti-inflammatory effect on LPS-stimulated RAW264 cells. The production of nitric oxide and cytokines (IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-10) were significantly decreased by DGDG-LAHLA, suggesting the anti-inflammatory effect of DGDG-LAHLA for the first time. In addition, our data showed a pronounced uptake of DGDG-LAHLA by cells. Some compounds corresponding to the predicted DGDG-LAHLA metabolites were also detected, suggesting that both intact DGDG-LAHLA and its metabolites may contribute to the above anti-inflammatory activities. These results are expected to expand the availability of oats as a functional food.
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Determination of Therapeutic and Safety Effects of Zygophyllum coccineum Extract in Induced Inflammation in Rats. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:7513155. [PMID: 35898689 PMCID: PMC9314163 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7513155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Background Z. coccineum is a facultative plant with many medicinal applications. This study examined the anti-inflammatory activity of Zygophyllum coccineum (Z. coccineum) in an arthritis animal model. Materials and Methods Seventy-Six Wistar Albino rats of either sex randomly divided into six groups (12/each). The inflammation model was done using Complete Freund's Adjuvant in albino rats. The anti-inflammatory activities of the extract were estimated at different dose levels (15.6, 31, and 60 mg/kg) as well as upon using methotrexate (MTX) as a standard drug (0.3 mg/kg). Paw volume and arthritis index scores have been tested in all examined animals' treatments. Histological examination of joints was also performed. Flow cytometric studies were done to isolated osteoclasts. Cytokines assay as well as biochemical testing was done in the examined samples. Results. In vitro studies reported an IC50 of 15.6 μg/ml for Z. coccineum extract in lipoxygenase inhibition assay (L.O.X.). Moreover, it could be noticed that isorhamnetin-3-O-glucoside, tribuloside, and 7-acetoxy-4-methyl coumarin were the most common compounds in Z. coccineum extract separated using L.C.–ESI-TOF–M.S. (liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization ion-trap time-of-flight mass spectrometry). Microscopic examinations of synovial tissue and hind limb muscles revealed the effect of different doses of Z. coccineum extract on restoring chondrocytes and muscles structures. Osteoclast size and apoptotic rate examinations revealed the protective effect of Z. coccineum extract on osteoclast. The results upon induction of animals and upon treatment using of MTX significantly increased apoptotic rate of osteoclast compared to control, while using of 15.6 μg/ml. for Z. coccineum extract lead to recover regular apoptotic rate demonstrating the protective effect of the extract. Z. coccineum extract regulated the secretion of proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines. Biochemical tests indicated the safety of Z. coccineum extract on kidney and liver functions. Conclusion. Z. coccineum extract has efficient and safe anti-inflammatory potential in an induced rat model.
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Gunarathne R, Nadeeshani H, Lu A, Li J, Zhang B, Ying T, Lu J. Potential Nutraceutical Use of Tribulus terrestris L. in Human Health. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2022.2067172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rasika Gunarathne
- Division of Food Chemistry, National Institute of Fundamental Studies, Kandy, Sri Lanka
| | - Harshani Nadeeshani
- Division of Nutritional Biochemistry, National Institute of Fundamental Studies, Kandy, Sri Lanka
| | - Anni Lu
- Pinehurst School, Albany, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Jinyao Li
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Baohong Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tianlei Ying
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of MOE/MOH, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Lu
- School of Science, Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
- School of Public Health and Interdisciplinary Studies, Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Discovery, Auckland, New Zealand
- College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
- College of Food Engineering and Nutrition Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, China
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Mukherjee PK, Efferth T, Das B, Kar A, Ghosh S, Singha S, Debnath P, Sharma N, Bhardwaj PK, Haldar PK. Role of medicinal plants in inhibiting SARS-CoV-2 and in the management of post-COVID-19 complications. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 98:153930. [PMID: 35114450 PMCID: PMC8730822 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.153930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The worldwide corona virus disease outbreak, generally known as COVID-19 pandemic outbreak resulted in a major health crisis globally. The morbidity and transmission modality of COVID-19 appear more severe and uncontrollable. The respiratory failure and following cardiovascular complications are the main pathophysiology of this deadly disease. Several therapeutic strategies are put forward for the development of safe and effective treatment against SARS-CoV-2 virus from the pharmacological view point but till date there are no specific treatment regimen developed for this viral infection. PURPOSE The present review emphasizes the role of herbs and herbs-derived secondary metabolites in inhibiting SARS-CoV-2 virus and also for the management of post-COVID-19 related complications. This approach will foster and ensure the safeguards of using medicinal plant resources to support the healthcare system. Plant-derived phytochemicals have already been reported to prevent the viral infection and to overcome the post-COVID complications like parkinsonism, kidney and heart failure, liver and lungs injury and mental problems. In this review, we explored mechanistic approaches of herbal medicines and their phytocomponenets as antiviral and post-COVID complications by modulating the immunological and inflammatory states. STUDY DESIGN Studies related to diagnosis and treatment guidelines issued for COVID-19 by different traditional system of medicine were included. The information was gathered from pharmacological or non-pharmacological interventions approaches. The gathered information sorted based on therapeutic application of herbs and their components against SARSCoV-2 and COVID-19 related complications. METHODS A systemic search of published literature was conducted from 2003 to 2021 using different literature database like Google Scholar, PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus and Web of Science to emphasize relevant articles on medicinal plants against SARS-CoV-2 viral infection and Post-COVID related complications. RESULTS Collected published literature from 2003 onwards yielded with total 625 articles, from more than 18 countries. Among these 625 articles, more than 95 medicinal plants and 25 active phytomolecules belong to 48 plant families. Reports on the therapeutic activity of the medicinal plants belong to the Lamiaceae family (11 reports), which was found to be maximum reported from 4 different countries including India, China, Australia, and Morocco. Other reports on the medicinal plant of Asteraceae (7 reports), Fabaceae (8 reports), Piperaceae (3 reports), Zingiberaceae (3 reports), Ranunculaceae (3 reports), Meliaceae (4 reports) were found, which can be explored for the development of safe and efficacious products targeting COVID-19. CONCLUSION Keeping in mind that the natural alternatives are in the priority for the management and prevention of the COVID-19, the present review may help to develop an alternative approach for the management of COVID-19 viral infection and post-COVID complications from a mechanistic point of view.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pulok K Mukherjee
- Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development, Imphal-795001, India; School of Natural Product Studies, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata -700 032, India.
| | - Thomas Efferth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Bhaskar Das
- School of Natural Product Studies, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata -700 032, India
| | - Amit Kar
- Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development, Imphal-795001, India
| | - Suparna Ghosh
- School of Natural Product Studies, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata -700 032, India
| | - Seha Singha
- School of Natural Product Studies, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata -700 032, India
| | - Pradip Debnath
- School of Natural Product Studies, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata -700 032, India
| | - Nanaocha Sharma
- Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development, Imphal-795001, India
| | | | - Pallab Kanti Haldar
- School of Natural Product Studies, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata -700 032, India
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Zhang Q, Yang J, Yang C, Yang X, Chen Y. Eucommia ulmoides Oliver- Tribulus terrestris L. Drug Pair Regulates Ferroptosis by Mediating the Neurovascular-Related Ligand-Receptor Interaction Pathway- A Potential Drug Pair for Treatment Hypertension and Prevention Ischemic Stroke. Front Neurol 2022; 13:833922. [PMID: 35345408 PMCID: PMC8957098 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.833922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In this study, we used the network pharmacology approach to explore the potential disease targets of the Eucommia ulmoides Oliver (EUO)-Tribulus terrestris L. (TT) drug pair in the treatment of hypertension-associated neurovascular lesions and IS via the ferroptosis pathway. Methods We used the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform to search for the key active compounds and targets of the drug pair. Based on the GeneCards database, the relevant targets for the drug pair were obtained. Then, we performed the molecular docking of the screened core active ingredients and proteins using the DAVID database and the R AutoDock Vina software. Based on the GSE22255 dataset, these screened target proteins were used to build random forest (RF) and support vector machine (SVM) models. Finally, a new IS nomogram prediction model was constructed and evaluated. Results There were 36 active compounds in the EUO-TT drug pair. CHRM1, NR3C1, ADRB2, and OPRD1 proteins of the neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction pathway interacted with the proteins related to the ferroptosis pathway. Molecular docking experiments identified 12 active ingredients of the drug pair that may tightly bind to those target proteins. We constructed a visual IS nomogram prediction model using four genes (CHRM1, NR3C1, ADRB2, and OPRD1). The calibration curve, DCA, and clinical impact curves all indicated that the nomogram model is clinically applicable and diagnostically capable. CHRM1, NR3C1, ADRB2, and OPRD1, the target genes of the four effective components of the EUO-TT drug pair, were considered as risk markers for IS. Conclusions The active ingredients of EUO-TT drug pair may act on proteins associated with the neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction pathway to regulate ferroptosis in vascular neurons cells, ultimately affecting the onset and progression of hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhang
- Department of Science and Technology Office, The Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Jie Yang
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Chuanhua Yang
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Xuesong Yang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Yongzhi Chen
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
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Refaey MS, Abouelela ME, El-Shoura EAM, Alkhalidi HM, Fadil SA, Elhady SS, Abdelhameed RFA. In Vitro Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Cotula anthemoides Essential Oil and In Silico Molecular Docking of Its Bioactives. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27061994. [PMID: 35335356 PMCID: PMC8953163 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27061994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The genus Cotula (Asteraceae) comprises about 80 species, amongst them Cotula anthemoides L. It is a wild plant growing in Egypt that possesses many traditional uses as a headache, colic, and chest cold remedy. In our study, the chemical composition of C. anthemoides essential oils was analyzed using GC-MS spectroscopy. Sixteen components of leave and stem oils and thirteen components of flower oils were characterized. The main components in both essential oil parts were camphor (88.79% and 86.45%) and trans-thujone (5.14% and 10.40%) in the leaves and stems and the flowers, respectively. The anti-inflammatory activity of the oils in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophage cells was evaluated. The flower oil showed its predominant effect in the amelioration of proinflammatory cytokines and tumor necrosis factor-α, as well as cyclooxygenase-2. The bornyl acetate showed the highest affinity for the cyclooxygenase-2 receptor, while compound cis-p-menth-2-ene-1-ol had the best affinity for the tumor necrosis factor receptor, according to the results of molecular docking. In addition, the molecule cis-β-farnesene showed promising dual affinity for both studied receptors. Our findings show that essential oils from C. anthemoides have anti-inflammatory properties through their control over the generation of inflammatory mediators. These findings suggest that C. anthemoides essential oils could lead to the discovery of novel sources of anti-inflammatory treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed S. Refaey
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sadat City, Sadat City 32897, Egypt
- Correspondence: (M.S.R.); (S.S.E.); Tel.: +20-1013304202 (M.S.R.); Tel.: +966-544512552 (S.S.E.)
| | - Mohamed E. Abouelela
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch, Assiut 71524, Egypt;
| | - Ehab A. M. El-Shoura
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch, Assiut 71524, Egypt;
| | - Hala M. Alkhalidi
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Sana A. Fadil
- Department of Natural Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Sameh S. Elhady
- Department of Natural Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
- Correspondence: (M.S.R.); (S.S.E.); Tel.: +20-1013304202 (M.S.R.); Tel.: +966-544512552 (S.S.E.)
| | - Reda F. A. Abdelhameed
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Galala University, New Galala 43713, Egypt;
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
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11
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Pei HJ, Yang J, Hu FX, Chen YZ, Yang CH. Tribulus terrestris L. protects glomerular endothelial cells via the miR155-H2AC6 interaction network in hypertensive renal injury. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2021; 9:1626. [PMID: 34926670 PMCID: PMC8640897 DOI: 10.21037/atm-21-5641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Background Hypertensive renal injury is one of the most lethal complications of hypertension. At present, renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) blockers are considered the best drugs for the treatment of renal injury in hypertension because of their nephroprotective effect of reducing proteinuria, but there are no specific drugs for this purpose, however, clinical trials proved that Chinese medicine has a protective effect on target organs in the treatment of hypertension. Tribulus terrestris L. (TrT), a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), has potential applications due to its reno-protective and immunomodulatory effects. Methods We investigated the underlying reno-protective mechanism of TrT on Angiotensin II (AngII)-induced hypertensive renal injury in glomerular endothelial cells by integrating the differential expression profiles of micro RNA (miRNA) and messenger RNA (mRNA) to construct a miRNA-mRNA interaction network associated with hypertensive kidney injury, followed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) for validation. Results Seventy-six differentially expressed mRNAs (DEmRNAs) and 1 differentially expressed miRNAs (DEmiRNAs) were identified in the control group and the AngII-induced hypertensive renal injury group, respectively. 110 DEmRNAs and 27 DEmiRNAs were identified in the TrT treatment group and the AngII-induced group, respectively. The core component of the miRNA-mRNA network was miR-155-5p. Our study showed that miR-155-5p expression levels were more decreased in the AngII-induced hypertensive renal injury group than the control group. TrT treatment also significantly upregulated miR-155-5p. Additionally, we found that miR-155-5p expression levels were negatively correlated with H2A clustered histone 6 (H2AC6). Conclusions The results of this study indicate that TrT has a reno-protective effect on AngII-induced hypertensive renal injury by miR-155-5p, which negatively regulates the expression of H2AC6. Our findings offer a new therapeutic strategy and have identified an effective candidate target for the treatment of hypertensive renal injury in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Juan Pei
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Jie Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Fang-Xiao Hu
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Yong-Zhi Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Chuan-Hua Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
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12
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Tribulus terrestris L. Extract Protects against Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Inflammation in RAW 264.7 Macrophage and Zebrafish via Inhibition of Akt/MAPKs and NF- κB/iNOS-NO Signaling Pathways. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:6628561. [PMID: 33628304 PMCID: PMC7895590 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6628561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation response is a regulated cellular process and excessive inflammation has been recognized in numerous diseases, such as cardiovascular disease, neurodegenerative disease, inflammatory bowel disease, and cancer. Tribulus terrestris L. (TT), also known as Bai Jili in Chinese, has been applied in traditional Chinese medicine for thousands of years while its anti-inflammatory activity and underlying mechanism are not fully elucidated. Here, we hypothesize Tribulus terrestris L. extract (BJL) which presents anti-inflammatory effect, and the action mechanism was also investigated. We employed the transgenic zebrafish line Tg(MPO:GFP), which expresses green fluorescence protein (GFP) in neutrophils, and mice macrophage RAW 264.7 cells as the in vivo and in vitro model to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effect of BJL, respectively. The production of nitric oxide (NO) was measured by Griess reagent. The mRNA expression levels of inflammatory cytokines and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) were measured by real-time PCR, and the intracellular total or phosphorylated protein levels of NF-κB, Akt, and MAPKs including MEK, ERK, p38, and JNK were detected by western blot. We found that BJL significantly inhibited fin transection or lipopolysaccharide- (LPS-) induced neutrophil migration and aggregation in zebrafish in vivo. In mice macrophage RAW 264.7 cells, BJL ameliorated LPS-triggered excessive release of NO and transcription of inflammatory cytokine genes including tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β). BJL also reduced the LPS-induced elevations of intracellular iNOS and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) which mediate the cellular NO and inflammatory cytokine productions, respectively. Moreover, LPS dramatically increased the phosphorylation of Akt and MAPKs including MEK, ERK, p38, and JNK in RAW 264.7 cells, while cotreatment BJL with LPS suppressed their phosphorylation. Taken together, our data suggested that BJL presented potent anti-inflammatory effect and the underlying mechanism was closely related to the inhibition of Akt/MAPKs and NF-κB/iNOS-NO signaling pathways.
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Guo W, Wang Y, Fan M, Xie S, Zhao H, Wang J, Liu Y, Xu D, Xu Y. Integrating metabolomics and network pharmacology to explore the protective effect of gross saponins of Tribulus terrestris L. fruit against ischemic stroke in rat. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 263:113202. [PMID: 32768639 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Tribulus terrestris L. belongs to the family Zygophyllaceae and has been widely used as a folk medicine for a long history in Asian countries. Gross saponins of Tribulus terrestris L. fruit (GSTTF) has an obvious neuroprotective effect on the treatment of ischemic stroke, but its potential therapeutic mechanisms have not been thoroughly studied. AIM OF THE STUDY To investigate the protective effect of GSTTF against ischemic stroke in rat. MATERIALS AND METHODS The combination of metabolomics and network pharmacology analysis was applied to investigate the protective effects of GSTTF on ischemic stroke and its putative mechanism. The related pathway of the biomarkers highlighted from metabolomics analysis was explored, then the possible targets of GSTTF were further revealed by network pharmacology analysis. Molecular docking was conducted to investigate the interaction between the active compound and target protein. RESULTS Metabolomics analysis showed that metabolic disturbances were observed in serum for the rats in middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). These MCAO-induced deviations in serum metabolism can be reversely changed by GSTTF via metabolic pathways regulation. Twenty-four proteins with the connectivity degree larger than 15 were selected by the network pharmacology analysis, which are considered as the possible therapeutic targets of the GSTTF against ischemic stroke. The results of molecular docking showed that the active compounds were capable of binding to the representative potential targets HSD11B1 and AR, respectively. And the docking mode of two compounds with the lowest binding energy to their target protein was illustrated by the ribbon binding map. CONCLUSION The present study combines metabolomics and network pharmacology analysis to investigate the mechanism of MCAO-induced ischemic stroke and reveal the efficiency and possible mechanisms of GSTTF for ischemic stroke. Further studies on the bioactive saponin as well as their synergistic action on ischemic stroke will be conducted to better reveal the underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Guo
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, 130117, China; Key Laboratory of Medicinal Materials, Jilin Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, 130117, China; State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao, 999078, China.
| | - Meiling Fan
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Materials, Jilin Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, China
| | - Shengxu Xie
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Materials, Jilin Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, China
| | - Hongyu Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Materials, Jilin Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, China
| | - Jifeng Wang
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, 130117, China
| | - Yue Liu
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Materials, Jilin Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, China
| | - Dongming Xu
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Materials, Jilin Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, China
| | - Yajuan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Materials, Jilin Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, China.
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Feng X, Ma BF, Liu B, Ding P, Wei JH, Cheng P, Li SY, Chen DX, Sun ZJ, Li Z. The Involvement of the Chemokine RANTES in Regulating Luminal Acidification in Rat Epididymis. Front Immunol 2020; 11:583274. [PMID: 33072131 PMCID: PMC7544837 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.583274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A complex interplay between different cell types in the epithelium leads to activation of the luminal acidifying capacity of the epididymis, a process that is crucial for sperm maturation and storage. Basal cells sense the luminal angiotensin II (ANG II) and stimulate proton secretion in clear cells through nitric oxide (NO). Our previous study has shown the chemokine regulated upon activation normal T-cell expressed and secreted (RANTES) was expressed in the F4/80 positive macrophages of human epididymis. The objective of this study was to explore the involvement of RANTES in regulating the luminal acidification in the rat epididymis. Methods The role of RANTES was investigated by in vivo perfusion with recombinant RANTES, Met-RANTES, and PBS of different pH values. Furthermore, rats vasectomy was performed to alter the epididymal luminal pH. RIA was used to measure the tissue homogenate ANG II concentration. Real time-PCR and western blot were employed to examine the expression levels of AGTR2, RANTES, CCR1, CCR5, and iNOS in epididymis. Results RANTES was restricted to the basal macrophages of epididymal ducts and co-localized with its receptors CCR1 and CCR5. Both V-ATPase and iNOS were up-regulated in the cauda epididymis after perfused with recombinant RANTES, while the antagonist Met-RANTES perfusion led to a complete abrogation of the increased expression of V-ATPase in the apical membrane of clear cells and iNOS in macrophages. Upon alkaline perfusion, RANTES expression was significantly increased and the apical accumulation of V-ATPase in the clear cells was induced in the cauda epididymis. The luminal pH in the cauda epididymis increased after vasectomy. The concentration of the ANG II and the expression levels of AGTR2, RANTES, CCR1, CCR5, and iNOS dropped in the cauda epididymis following vasectomy. Conclusion Upon the activation of basal cells, RANTES might induce the NO release from macrophages by interacting with its receptors, which increases proton secretion by adjacent clear cells. Thus, RANTES is possible to participate in the crosstalk among basal cells, macrophages and clear cells for the fine control of an optimum acidic luminal environment that is critical for male fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Feng
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Bin-Fang Ma
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Bo Liu
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Peng Ding
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jin-Hua Wei
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Pang Cheng
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Sheng-Yu Li
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Dong-Xu Chen
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhi-Jian Sun
- The General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhen Li
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
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Ebrahimabadi MH, Lamardi SNS, Shirbeigi L. Immunomodulatory Effects of Medicinal Plants used for Vitiligo in Traditional Persian Medicine. Curr Drug Discov Technol 2020; 18:160-178. [PMID: 32416680 DOI: 10.2174/1570163817666200517115438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitiligo is a hypopigmentation disorder that affects 1% of the world's population. Vitiligo causes white spots on the skin, mucous membranes, or white hair by destroying skin melanocytes. The pathogenesis of vitiligo is unknown but autoimmune, autocytotoxic, and neural mechanisms are suggested. According to the autoimmune theory, in people with vitiligo, immune cells invade and damage melanocytes. T cells are more commonly present in vitiligo patients' skin and remain in the lesion site, which is composed of CD8 and CD4 T cells. Many studies have been conducted on the presence and role of cytokines such as interleukins and interferongamma (IFN-γ) in the vitiligo process. AIM This study aimed to introduce herbs effective against vitiligo from the perspective of Persian medicine and to investigate their possible therapeutic mechanisms with the possible effects of herbs on autoimmune mechanisms. METHODS For this purpose, keywords were used to extract data from Persian medicine textbooks, and then relevant scientific databases, including Google Scholar, PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus were examined. RESULTS It was found that Persian medicine scholars used 50 different medicinal plants to treat and reduce the complications of vitiligo, and recent scientific studies have proven immune-regulating properties and reducing the effect of many of them on cytokines. CONCLUSION According to scientific evidence on immunomodulatory effects, new research into the effects of these plants on vitiligo can lead to the discovery of new drugs and approaches for treating this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Haghir Ebrahimabadi
- Department of Traditional Pharmacy, School of Persian Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Laila Shirbeigi
- Department of Traditional Medicine, School of Persian Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Ștefănescu R, Tero-Vescan A, Negroiu A, Aurică E, Vari CE. A Comprehensive Review of the Phytochemical, Pharmacological, and Toxicological Properties of Tribulus terrestris L. Biomolecules 2020; 10:E752. [PMID: 32408715 PMCID: PMC7277861 DOI: 10.3390/biom10050752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The general spread of Tribulus terrestris L. (South Africa, Australia, Europe, and India), the high content of active ingredients (in particular sterol saponins, as well as flavonoids, tannins, terpenoids, phenol carboxylic acids, and alkaloids), and its frequent uses in folk medicine, and as food supplements highlight the importance of evaluating its phytopharmacological properties. There are miscellaneous hypotheses that the species could have a high potential for the prevention and improvement of various human conditions such as infertility, low sexual desire, diabetes, and inflammatory diseases. Worldwide, numerous herbal supplements are commercialized with indications mostly to improve libido, sexual performance in both sexes, and athletic performance. Phytochemical studies have shown great disparities in the content of active substances (in particular the concentration of furostanol and spirostanol saponoside, considered to be the predominant active ingredients related to the therapeutic action). Thus, studies of experimental pharmacology (in vitro studies and animal models in vivo) and clinical pharmacology (efficacy and safety clinical trials) have sometimes led to divergent results; moreover, the presumed pharmacodynamic mechanisms have yet to be confirmed by molecular biology studies. Given the differences observed in the composition, the plant organ used to obtain the extract, the need for selective extraction methods which are targeted at the class of phytocompounds, and the standardization of T. terrestris extracts is an absolute necessity. This review aims to highlight the phytochemical, pharmacological, and toxicological properties of T. terrestris, with a focus on the contradictory results obtained by the studies conducted worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruxandra Ștefănescu
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Targu Mures, 540139 Targu Mures, Romania; (A.N.); (E.A.)
| | - Amelia Tero-Vescan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Targu Mures, 540139 Targu Mures, Romania;
| | - Ancuța Negroiu
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Targu Mures, 540139 Targu Mures, Romania; (A.N.); (E.A.)
| | - Elena Aurică
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Targu Mures, 540139 Targu Mures, Romania; (A.N.); (E.A.)
| | - Camil-Eugen Vari
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Targu Mures, 540139 Targu Mures, Romania;
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17
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Karami S, Shamshiri S, Abdollahi M, Rahimi R. An Evidence-based Review of Medicinal Plants used in Traditional Persian Medicine for Treatment of Osteoarthritis. Curr Drug Discov Technol 2020; 18:244-271. [PMID: 32178613 DOI: 10.2174/1570163817666200316105658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is known to be the leading cause of pain and disability in the elderly. The prevalence of this disease in adults over 60 years was 9.6% in men and 18% in women. The therapeutic goals of this disease generally include pain relief with the least side effects, improvement of articular function and improvement of life, in which pharmacological and nonpharmacological treatments are performed in different protocols. Due to the common side effects of pain relievers and complaints after invasive joint surgeries, there is a growing interest in the use of Traditional and Complementary protocols in OA treatment. In this paper, different sources of Traditional Persian Medicine (TPM) were searched to obtain any evidence evaluating any medicinal plants in the management of OA. Over 250 effective medicinal plants for the treatment of OA have been introduced in these sources, and by searching electronic databases including PubMed and Scopus, we have found that of these plants, 39 have direct or indirect evidence in the treatment of this complication by different mechanism of actions such as effect on Body mass index (BMI), obesity and dyslipidemia, anti-inflammatory, anti-nociceptive and antioxidant activity. The most important medicinal plants with direct evidence in the management of OA are Allium sativum, Commiphora mukul, Linum usitatissimum, Matricaria chamomilla, Nigella sativa, Zingiber officinale, and Piper nigrum. Medicinal plants seem to be a valuable source for discovering and identifying new drugs for treatment of OA; however, since most of the studies are preclinical, further clinical trials are required to achieve more conclusive results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soodeh Karami
- Department of Traditional Pharmacy, School of Persian Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shiva Shamshiri
- Department of Traditional Pharmacy, School of Persian Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Abdollahi
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Roja Rahimi
- Department of Traditional Pharmacy, School of Persian Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Olalere OA, Gan CY. Multi-step reflux extraction of bio-pharmaceutical phenolic bioactives from balsam apple (Momordica balsamina L.). JOURNAL OF TAIBAH UNIVERSITY FOR SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/16583655.2020.1721722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Olusegun Abayomi Olalere
- Analytical Biochemistry Research Center (ABrC), Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), Gelugor, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Chee Yuen Gan
- Analytical Biochemistry Research Center (ABrC), Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), Gelugor, Penang, Malaysia
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Yang JH, Hwang EJ, Moon J, Yoon JY, Kim JW, Choi S, Cho SI, Suh DH. Clinical efficacy of herbal extracts in treatment of mild to moderate acne vulgaris: an 8-week, double-blinded, randomized, controlled trial. J DERMATOL TREAT 2019; 32:297-301. [PMID: 31424962 DOI: 10.1080/09546634.2019.1657792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Herbal extracts with fewer adverse effects can be an alternative to these drugs because they can target various molecular pathways of acne pathogenesis. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the clinical efficacy of herbal extracts (mangosteen, Lithospermum officinale, Tribulus terrestris L., Houttuynia cordata Thunb) for the treatment of mild to moderate acne vulgaris. METHODS Sixty patients were randomized in a 1:1 ratio to receive blinded treatment with herbal extracts or vehicle for 8 weeks. Inflammatory and non-inflammatory acne lesion counts, Investigator's Global Assessment, patient's satisfaction and safety profiles were assessed. We also performed skin biopsy at baseline and week 8 to confirm immunological changes with immunohistochemistry staining. RESULTS By the end of the study period, both inflammatory and non-inflammatory acne lesion counts were significantly decreased in herbal extracts group (p< .05). In immunohistochemistry staining, expressions of IL-1α, IL-8, and keratin 16 were significantly decreased in herbal extracts group compared to vehicle group from baseline to week 8. There was no serious adverse events in both groups. CONCLUSIONS This herbal extracts can be a new therapeutic option for patients with mild to moderate acne vulgaris who are reluctant to use drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Hoon Yang
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Acne, Rosacea, Seborrheic Dermatitis and Hidradenitis Suppurativa Research Laboratory, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | | | | | - Ji Young Yoon
- Acne, Rosacea, Seborrheic Dermatitis and Hidradenitis Suppurativa Research Laboratory, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ji Won Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sungjun Choi
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Soo Ick Cho
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Dae Hun Suh
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Acne, Rosacea, Seborrheic Dermatitis and Hidradenitis Suppurativa Research Laboratory, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
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Wang LY, Tao Z, Zhao HP, Wang RL, Li LZ, Luo YM, Chen ZG. Huoluo Yinao decoction mitigates cognitive impairments after chronic cerebral hypoperfusion in rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 238:111846. [PMID: 30954615 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.111846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Huoluo Yinao decoction (HLYND) has been used to ameliorate cognitive impairment induced by chronic cerebral hypoperfusion in clinical for years. However, the exact mechanisms remain unknown. AIM OF THE STUDY To investigate the effects and mechanisms underlying HLYND-mediated improvement in cognitive deficits associated with chronic cerebral hypoperfusion. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty-six Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly allocated to three groups: sham, model, and HLYND. Daily administration of HLYND or volume-matched vehicle by gavage was initiated 1 day after bilateral carotid artery stenosis (BCAS) and continued for 42 days. The Morris water maze (MWM) test was used to assess cognitive functions from days 36-42. Via western blot and immunofluorescent staining, restoration of neuronal plasticity and remyelination of white matter were evaluated by analyzing the expression profiles of MAP-2, synaptophysin and MBP. In addition, macrophage/microglial activation was assessed by quantifying changes in Iba1, and macrophage/microglial polarization was assessed by changes in iNOS and CD16 (M1 markers), as well as Arg1 and CD206 (M2 markers). RESULTS In the MWM test, BCAS rats showed significantly extended escape latency and reduced platform crossing times, while those in the HLYND group had shortened escape latency and increased frequency of platform crossing. In addition, rats in the model group showed decreased levels and abnormal morphological changes of MAP-2, synaptophysin and MBP, whereas HLYND administration reversed these effects. As expected, Iba1 levels were elevated in both the model and HLYND groups but rats in the model group showed increased levels of the M1 markers, iNOS and CD16, and a correspondent decrease in the M2 marker, Arg1. In contrast, in the HLYND group, iNOS and CD16 levels were suppressed, while Arg1 levels were elevated. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrate that HLYND mitigates cognitive impairment after chronic cerebral hypoperfusion in rats through mechanisms involving increased neuronal plasticity and white matter remyelination, with a subtile modulation of macrophage/microglial polarization toward the M2 phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Ye Wang
- Institute of Cerebrovascular Diseases Research and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Zhen Tao
- Institute of Cerebrovascular Diseases Research and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hai-Ping Zhao
- Institute of Cerebrovascular Diseases Research and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Rong-Liang Wang
- Institute of Cerebrovascular Diseases Research and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Ling-Zhi Li
- Institute of Cerebrovascular Diseases Research and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yu-Min Luo
- Institute of Cerebrovascular Diseases Research and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Diseases, Beijing, China.
| | - Zhi-Gang Chen
- Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.
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Tribulusterine Containing Tribulus terrestris Extract Exhibited Neuroprotection Through Attenuating Stress Kinases Mediated Inflammatory Mechanism: In Vitro and In Vivo Studies. Neurochem Res 2019; 44:1228-1242. [DOI: 10.1007/s11064-019-02768-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Revised: 03/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Yadav HN, Sharma US, Singh S, Gupta YK. Effect of Tribulus terrestris in mercuric chloride-induced renal accumulation of mercury and nephrotoxicity in rat. J Adv Pharm Technol Res 2019; 10:132-137. [PMID: 31334096 PMCID: PMC6621347 DOI: 10.4103/japtr.japtr_386_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mercury generates free radicals and subsequently increases oxidative stress, which leads to renal injury. Tribulus terrestris (TT) has good anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Hydroalcoholic extract of different dose of TT was evaluated against mercuric chloride-induced nephrotoxicity. Rats (n = 6) were treated with TT at doses of 100, 200, and 300 mg/kg. Drugs were administered orally for 7 days. Single dose of mercuric chloride (5 mg/kg, intraperitoneal) on the 5th day caused significant elevation of blood urea nitrogen, serum creatinine, malondialdehyde, liver fatty acid binding protein, kidney injury molecule-1, and kidney mercury level and fall in glutathione, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and histopathological changes in disease control as compared to normal control group (P < 0.001). Dose of TT 200 and 300 mg/kg significantly (P < 0.001) prevented the renal injury, and mercury accumulation in kidney tissues significantly decreases in higher dose, i.e., 300 mg/kg as compared to control group. Our result indicates that the treatment of TT exerted significant protection against renal damage induced by mercuric chloride possibly due to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties and by decreasing the renal accumulation of mercury.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Uma Shankar Sharma
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Surender Singh
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Yogendra Kumar Gupta
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Gautam M, Ramanathan M. Saponins of Tribulus terrestris attenuated neuropathic pain induced with vincristine through central and peripheral mechanism. Inflammopharmacology 2018; 27:761-772. [PMID: 29938333 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-018-0502-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The study comprises exploring the effects of saponins from Tribulus terrestris (TT) in attenuating the neuropathic pain caused by vincristine (100 μg/ml i.p.) for 10 days (in two 5 day cycles with 2 days pause). Mechanical hyperalgesia and allodynia were assessed by Randall-Sellitto and electronic von Frey tests, respectively. Chemical- induced nociception was assessed by formalin test. Neurophysiological effect of the extract was evaluated by recording sciatic functional index (SFI) on the test days (7, 10, 14, and 21) and sciatic nerve conduction velocity test (SNCV) on the last day. Inflammatory mediators (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6) in both sciatic nerve and brain and brain neurotransmitters, glutamate and aspartate, were measured to support the behavioral response. The saponins of TT-treated group were found to be effective in the behavioral experiments, implying its activity both centrally and peripherally in attenuating pain. The inflammatory mediators in both sciatic nerve and brain (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6) were found to be attenuated with TT saponin treatment in comparison to vincristine-treated group, indicating its anti-inflammatory property. The excitatory neurotransmitters, L-glutamic acid and L-aspartic acid, were also found to be attenuated with TT saponins, implying restoration of neuronal damage and synaptic activity caused by high amount of glutamate due to excess TNF-α in brain and reversing the nociceptive threshold lowered due to aspartate. Thus, TT(S) is peripherally and centrally active in lowering the inflammatory mediators, reversing the neuronal damage and increasing the nociceptive threshold caused due to peripheral neuropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mrinmoy Gautam
- Department of Pharmacology, PSG College of Pharmacy, Coimbatore, 641004, India
| | - Muthiah Ramanathan
- Department of Pharmacology, PSG College of Pharmacy, Coimbatore, 641004, India.
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