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Li X, Pang W, Fan H, Wang H, Zhang L. FRZB affects Staphylococcus aureus‑induced osteomyelitis in human bone marrow derived stem cells by regulating the Wnt/β‑catenin signaling pathway. Exp Ther Med 2023; 26:531. [PMID: 37869648 PMCID: PMC10587868 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2023.12230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteomyelitis is an infectious disease of bone tissue caused by bacterial infection, which can infect through hematogenous, traumatic or secondary ways and then lead to acute or chronic bone injury and relative clinical symptoms, bringing physical injury and economic burden to patients. Frizzled related protein (FRZB) participates in the regulation of various diseases (osteoarthritis, cardiovascular diseases and types of cancer) by regulating cell proliferation, motility, differentiation and inflammation, while its function in osteomyelitis remains to be elucidated. The present study aimed to uncover the role and underlying mechanism of FRZB mediation in Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus)-induced osteomyelitis. Human bone marrow derived stem cells (hBMSCs) were treated with S. aureus to imitate an inflammatory osteomyelitis micro-environment in vitro, then mRNA and protein expression were severally assessed by RT-PCR and western blotting. The activity, apoptosis and differentiation of the cells were characterized via CCK-8, caspase-3 activity and Alizarin red sulfate/alkaline phosphatase staining, respectively. Expression levels of FRZB were upregulated in S. aureus-infected hBMSCs. Over-expression of FRZB significantly reduced hBMSC cell viability and differentiation while promoting cell apoptosis with or without S. aureus infection. However, FRZB knockdown reversed these effects. Once Wnt was impeded, the effect of FRZB downregulation was impeded to a great extent. Taken together, FRZB participated to regulate the osteomyelitis by activating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Li
- Department of Emergency Surgery, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou 550023, P.R. China
| | - Wenyong Pang
- Department of Emergency Surgery, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou 550023, P.R. China
| | - Hongsong Fan
- Department of Emergency Surgery, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou 550023, P.R. China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Emergency Surgery, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou 550023, P.R. China
| | - Leibing Zhang
- Department of Emergency Surgery, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou 550023, P.R. China
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Shi X, Ni H, Tang L, Li M, Wu Y, Xu Y. Identification of molecular subgroups in osteomyelitis induced by staphylococcus aureus infection through gene expression profiles. BMC Med Genomics 2023; 16:149. [PMID: 37370094 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-023-01568-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) infection-induced osteomyelitis (OM) is an inflammatory bone disease accompanied by persistent bone destruction, and the treatment is challenging because of its tendency to recur. Present study was aimed to explore the molecular subgroups of S. aureus infection-induced OM and to deepen the mechanistic understanding for molecularly targeted treatment of OM. METHODS Integration of 164 OM samples and 60 healthy samples from three datasets of the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. OM patients were classified into different molecular subgroups based on unsupervised algorithms and correlations of clinical characteristics between subgroups were analyzed. Next, The CIBERSORT algorithm was used to evaluate the proportion of immune cell infiltration in different OM subgroups. Weighted gene co-expression analysis (WGCNA) was used to identify different gene modules and explore the relationship with clinical characteristics, and further annotated OM subgroups and gene modules by the Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis. RESULTS Two subgroups with excellent consistency were identified in this study, subgroup and hospital length of stay were independent predictors of OM. Compared with subgroup I, OM patients in subgroup II had longer hospital length of stay and more severe disease. Meanwhile, the infiltration proportions of monocytes and macrophages M0 were higher in patients of OM subgroup II. Finally, combined with the characteristics of the KEGG enrichment modules, the expression of osteoclast differentiation-related genes such as CTSK was upregulated in OM subgroup II, which may be closely associated with more severe OM patients. CONCLUSION The current study showed that OM subgroup II had longer hospital length of stay and more severe disease, the osteoclast differentiation pathway and the main target CTSK contribute to our deeper understanding for the molecular mechanisms associated with S. aureus infection-induced OM, and the construction of molecular subgroups suggested the necessity for different subgroups of patients to receive individualized treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangwen Shi
- Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China, 650500
- Laboratory of Yunnan Traumatology and Orthopedics Clinical Medical Center, Yunnan Orthopedics and Sports Rehabilitation Clinical Medical Research Center, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, 920th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force of PLA, Kunming, Yunnan, P.R. China, 650100
| | - Haonan Ni
- Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China, 650500
| | - Linmeng Tang
- Bone and Joint Imaging Center, Department of Medical imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, China, 075000
| | - Mingjun Li
- Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China, 650500
| | - Yipeng Wu
- Laboratory of Yunnan Traumatology and Orthopedics Clinical Medical Center, Yunnan Orthopedics and Sports Rehabilitation Clinical Medical Research Center, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, 920th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force of PLA, Kunming, Yunnan, P.R. China, 650100.
| | - Yongqing Xu
- Laboratory of Yunnan Traumatology and Orthopedics Clinical Medical Center, Yunnan Orthopedics and Sports Rehabilitation Clinical Medical Research Center, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, 920th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force of PLA, Kunming, Yunnan, P.R. China, 650100.
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Shi X, Wu Y, Ni H, Li M, Qi B, Xu Y. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) inhibitor iSO-1 promotes staphylococcal protein A-induced osteogenic differentiation by inhibiting NF-κB signaling pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 115:109600. [PMID: 36577150 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.109600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteomyelitis is among the most difficult to treat diseases in the field of orthopedics, and there is a lack of effective treatment modalities. Exploring the mechanisms of its development is beneficial for finding molecular targets for treatment. Increasing evidence suggests that macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), as a proinflammatory mediator, is not only involved in various pathophysiological processes of inflammation but also plays an important role in osteogenic differentiation, while its specific regulatory mechanism in osteomyelitis remains unclear. METHODS In the present study, staphylococcal protein A (SPA)-treated rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (rBMSCs) were used to construct cell models of osteomyelitis. Rat and cell models of osteomyelitis were used to validate the expression levels of MIF, and to further explore the regulatory mechanisms of the MIF inhibitor methyl ester of (S, R)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4,5-dihydro-5-isoxazole acetic acid (iSO-1) and MIF knockdown on cell model of osteomyelitis toward osteogenic differentiation. RESULTS We found that the expression level of MIF was upregulated in rat and cell models of osteomyelitis and subsequently demonstrated by the GSE30119 dataset that the expression level of MIF was also significantly upregulated in patients with osteomyelitis. Furthermore, SPA promotes MIF expression in rBMSCs while inhibiting the expression of osteogenic-related genes such as Runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2), osteocalcin (OCN), osteopontin (OPN) and collagen type-1 (COL-1) through activation of the nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) pathway. In vivo, we further demonstrated that local injection of iSO-1 significantly increased the osteogenic activity in rat model of osteomyelitis. Importantly, we also demonstrated that MIF knockdown and the MIF inhibitor iSO-1 reversed the SPA-mediated inhibition of osteogenic differentiation of rBMSCs by inhibiting the activation of the NF-κB pathway, as evidenced by the upregulation of osteogenic-related gene expression and enhanced bone mineralization. CONCLUSION ISO-1 and MIF knockdown can reverse the SPA-mediated inhibition of osteogenic differentiation in the rBMSCs model of osteomyelitis by inhibiting the NF-κB signaling pathway, providing a potential target for the treatment of osteomyelitis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yipeng Wu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, 920th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force, Kunming, China
| | - Haonan Ni
- Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Mingjun Li
- Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | | | - Yongqing Xu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, 920th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force, Kunming, China.
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Cui Y, Liu H, Tian Y, Fan Y, Li S, Wang G, Wang Y, Peng C, Wu D. Dual-functional composite scaffolds for inhibiting infection and promoting bone regeneration. Mater Today Bio 2022; 16:100409. [PMID: 36090611 PMCID: PMC9449864 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2022.100409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The treatment of infected bone defects is an intractable problem in orthopedics. It comprises two critical parts, namely that of infection control and bone defect repair. According to these two core tasks during treatment, the ideal approach of simultaneously controlling infection and repairing bone defects is promising treatment strategy. Several engineered biomaterials and drug delivery systems with dual functions of anti-bacterial action and ostogenesis-promotion have been developed and demonstrated excellent therapeutic effects. Compared with the conventional treatment method, the dual-functional composite scaffold can provide one-stage treatment avoiding multiple surgeries, thereby remarkably simplifying the treatment process and reducing the treatment time, overcoming the disadvantages of conventional bone transplantation. In this review, the impaired bone repair ability and its specific mechanisms in the microenvironment of pathogen infection and excessive inflammation were analyzed, providing a theoretical basis for the treatment of infectious bone defects. Furthermore, we discussed the composite dual-functional scaffold composed of a combination of antibacterial and osteogenic material. Finally, a series of advanced drug delivery systems with antibacterial and bone-promoting capabilities were summarized and discussed. This review provides a comprehensive understanding for the microenvironment of infectious bone defects and leading-edge design strategies for the antibacterial and bone-promoting dual-function scaffold, thus providing clinically significant treatment methods for infectious bone defects. Antibacterial and bone-promoting dual-function scaffolds are ideal strategies for treatment of infectious bone defects. The effect of infection on bone repair was summarized in detail from four important aspects. A variety of dual-function scaffolds based on antibacterial and osteogenic materials were discussed. Dual-function drug delivery systems promoting repair of infectious bone defects by locally releasing functional agents. Leading-edge design strategies, challenges and prospects for dual-functional biomaterials were provided.
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Tong Z, Chen Z, Li Z, Xie Z, Zhang H. Mechanisms of promoting the differentiation and bone resorption function of osteoclasts by Staphylococcus aureus infection. Int J Med Microbiol 2022; 312:151568. [PMID: 36240531 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmm.2022.151568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone infection is a common and serious complication in the field of orthopedics, which frequently leads to excessive bone destruction and fracture nonunion. Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) infection affects bone cell function which, in turn, causes bone destruction. Bone is mainly regulated by osteoblasts and osteoclasts. Osteoclasts are the only cell type with bone resorptive function. Their over-activation is closely associated with excessive bone loss. Understanding how S. aureus changes the functional state of osteoclasts is the key to effective treatment. By reviewing the literature, this paper summarizes several mechanisms of bone destruction caused by S. aureus influencing osteoclasts, thereby stimulating new ideas for the treatment of bone infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zelei Tong
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Zhihao Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Ziyuan Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Zonggang Xie
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
| | - Haifang Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
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Li Y, Wuermanbieke S, Zhang X, Mu W, Ma H, Qi F, Sun X, Amat A, Cao L. Effects of intra-articular D-amino acids combined with systemic vancomycin on an experimental Staphylococcus aureus-induced periprosthetic joint infection. JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY, IMMUNOLOGY, AND INFECTION = WEI MIAN YU GAN RAN ZA ZHI 2022; 55:716-727. [PMID: 35346597 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmii.2022.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 12/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The D-isoforms of amino acids (D-AAs) exhibit anti-biofilm potential against a diverse range of bacterial species in vitro, while its role in vivo remains unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of a combination of D-AAs and vancomycin on a PJI rat model. METHODS Eight-week-old male SD rats were randomized to the control group, sham group, vancomycin group, D-AAs-vancomycin group. After treatment for 6 weeks, we analysed the levels of inflammatory factors in serum, behavioural change, imaging manifestations. The anti-biofilm ability of D-AAs was detected by crystal violet staining and scanning electron microscope observation, and its ability to assist antibiotics in killing bacteria was assessed by culture of bacteria. Additionally, micro-CT and histological analysis were used to evaluate the impact of D-AAs combined with vancomycin on the bone remodelling around the prosthesis. RESULTS The group treated with a D-AAs-vancomycin combination sustained normal weight gain and exhibited reduced the serum levels of α2M, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α and PGE2. Moreover, treated with D-AAs in combination with vancomycin improved the weight-bearing activity performance, increased the sizes and widths of distal femurs, and improved Rissing scale scoring. In particular, treatment using D-AAs enhanced the ability of vancomycin to eradicate Staphylococcus aureus, as demonstrated by the dispersion of existing biofilms and the inhibition of biofilm formation that occurred in a concentration-dependent manner. This treatment combination also resulted in a reduction in bacterial burden with in the soft tissues, bones, and implants. Furthermore, D-AAs-vancomycin combination treatment attenuated abnormal bone remodelling around the implant, as evidenced by an observed increase in BMD, BV/TV, and Tb.Th and the presence of reduced Trap+ osteoclasts and elevated osterix+ osteo-progenitors. CONCLUSIONS Combining D-AAs with vancomycin provides an effective therapeutic strategy for the treatment of PJI by promoting biofilm dispersion to enhance antimicrobial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yicheng Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | | | - Xiaogang Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Wenbo Mu
- Department of Orthopaedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Hairong Ma
- Department of Orthopaedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China; Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Clinical Research Center for Orthopedic Diseases, Urumqi, China
| | - Fei Qi
- Department of Orthopaedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Xiaoyue Sun
- Department of Orthopaedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Abdusami Amat
- Department of Orthopaedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Li Cao
- Department of Orthopaedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China.
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7
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Multitasking by the OC Lineage during Bone Infection: Bone Resorption, Immune Modulation, and Microbial Niche. Cells 2020; 9:cells9102157. [PMID: 32987689 PMCID: PMC7598711 DOI: 10.3390/cells9102157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone infections, also known as infectious osteomyelitis, are accompanied by significant inflammation, osteolysis, and necrosis. Osteoclasts (OCs) are the bone-resorbing cells that work in concert with osteoblasts and osteocytes to properly maintain skeletal health and are well known to respond to inflammation by increasing their resorptive activity. OCs have typically been viewed merely as effectors of pathologic bone resorption, but recent evidence suggests they may play an active role in the progression of infections through direct effects on pathogens and via the immune system. This review discusses the host- and pathogen-derived factors involved in the in generation of OCs during infection, the crosstalk between OCs and immune cells, and the role of OC lineage cells in the growth and survival of pathogens, and highlights unanswered questions in the field.
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Ramirez AM, Byrum SD, Beenken KE, Washam C, Edmondson RD, Mackintosh SG, Spencer HJ, Tackett AJ, Smeltzer MS. Exploiting Correlations between Protein Abundance and the Functional Status of saeRS and sarA To Identify Virulence Factors of Potential Importance in the Pathogenesis of Staphylococcus aureus Osteomyelitis. ACS Infect Dis 2020; 6:237-249. [PMID: 31722523 PMCID: PMC7294808 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.9b00291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
We used a murine model of postsurgical osteomyelitis (OM) to evaluate the relative virulence of the Staphylococcus aureus strain LAC and five isogenic variants that differ in the functional status of saeRS and sarA relative to each other. LAC and a variant in which saeRS activity is increased (saeC) were comparably virulent to each other, while ΔsaeRS, ΔsarA, ΔsaeRS/ΔsarA, and saeC/ΔsarA mutants were all attenuated to a comparable degree. Phenotypic comparisons including a mass-based proteomics approach that allowed us to assess the number and abundance of full-length proteins suggested that mutation of saeRS attenuates virulence in our OM model owing primarily to the decreased production of S. aureus virulence factors, while mutation of sarA does so owing to protease-mediated degradation of these same virulence factors. This was confirmed by demonstrating that eliminating protease production restored virulence to a greater extent in a LAC sarA mutant than in the isogenic saeRS mutant. Irrespective of the mechanism involved, mutation of saeRS or sarA was shown to result in reduced accumulation of virulence factors of potential importance. Thus, using our proteomics approach we correlated the abundance of specific proteins with virulence in these six strains and identified 14 proteins that were present in a significantly increased amount (log2 ≥ 5.0) in both virulent strains by comparison to all four attenuated strains. We examined biofilm formation and virulence in our OM model using a LAC mutant unable to produce one of these 14 proteins, specifically staphylocoagulase. The results confirmed that mutation of coa limits biofilm formation and, to a lesser extent, virulence in our OM model, although in both cases the limitation was reduced by comparison to the isogenic sarA mutant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aura M. Ramirez
- Department of Microbiology
and Immunology, College of Medicine, University
of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 W. Markham Street, Slot 511, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205, United States
| | - Stephanie D. Byrum
- Department
of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University
of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 W. Markham Street, Slot 516, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205, United States,Arkansas
Children’s Research Institute, 1 Children’s Way, Little Rock, Arkansas 72202, United States
| | - Karen E. Beenken
- Department of Microbiology
and Immunology, College of Medicine, University
of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 W. Markham Street, Slot 511, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205, United States
| | - Charity Washam
- Department
of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University
of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 W. Markham Street, Slot 516, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205, United States,Arkansas
Children’s Research Institute, 1 Children’s Way, Little Rock, Arkansas 72202, United States
| | - Rick D. Edmondson
- Department
of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University
of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 W. Markham Street, Slot 516, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205, United States
| | - Samuel G. Mackintosh
- Department
of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University
of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 W. Markham Street, Slot 516, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205, United States
| | - Horace J. Spencer
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 W. Markham Street, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205, United States
| | - Alan J. Tackett
- Department
of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University
of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 W. Markham Street, Slot 516, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205, United States,Arkansas
Children’s Research Institute, 1 Children’s Way, Little Rock, Arkansas 72202, United States
| | - Mark S. Smeltzer
- Department of Microbiology
and Immunology, College of Medicine, University
of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 W. Markham Street, Slot 511, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205, United States,Department
of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Arkansas
for Medical Sciences, 4301 W. Markham Street, Slot 531, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205, United States,Phone: 501-686-7958. E-mail:
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Raynaud-Messina B, Verollet C, Maridonneau-Parini I. The osteoclast, a target cell for microorganisms. Bone 2019; 127:315-323. [PMID: 31233933 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2019.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Bone is a highly adaptive tissue with regenerative properties that is subject to numerous diseases. Infection is one of the causes of altered bone homeostasis. Bone infection happens subsequently to bone surgery or to systemic spreading of microorganisms. In addition to osteoblasts, osteoclasts (OCs) also constitute cell targets for pathogens. OCs are multinucleated cells that have the exclusive ability to resorb bone mineral tissue. However, the OC is much more than a bone eater. Beyond its role in the control of bone turnover, the OC is an immune cell that produces and senses inflammatory cytokines, ingests microorganisms and presents antigens. Today, increasing evidence shows that several pathogens use OC as a host cell to grow, generating debilitating bone defects. In this review, we exhaustively inventory the bacteria and viruses that infect OC and report the present knowledge in this topic. We point out that most of the microorganisms enhance the bone resorption activity of OC. We notice that pathogen interactions with the OC require further investigation, in particular to validate the OC as a host cell in vivo and to identify the cellular mechanisms involved in altered bone resorption. Thus, we conclude that the OC is a new cell target for pathogens; this new research area paves the way for new therapeutic strategies in the infections causing bone defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brigitte Raynaud-Messina
- Institut de Pharmacologie et Biologie Structurale, IPBS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France; International Associated Laboratory (LIA) CNRS "IM-TB/HIV" (1167), Toulouse, France; International Associated Laboratory (LIA) CNRS "IM-TB/HIV" (1167), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Christel Verollet
- Institut de Pharmacologie et Biologie Structurale, IPBS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France; International Associated Laboratory (LIA) CNRS "IM-TB/HIV" (1167), Toulouse, France; International Associated Laboratory (LIA) CNRS "IM-TB/HIV" (1167), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Isabelle Maridonneau-Parini
- Institut de Pharmacologie et Biologie Structurale, IPBS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France; International Associated Laboratory (LIA) CNRS "IM-TB/HIV" (1167), Toulouse, France; International Associated Laboratory (LIA) CNRS "IM-TB/HIV" (1167), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Josse J, Valour F, Maali Y, Diot A, Batailler C, Ferry T, Laurent F. Interaction Between Staphylococcal Biofilm and Bone: How Does the Presence of Biofilm Promote Prosthesis Loosening? Front Microbiol 2019; 10:1602. [PMID: 31379772 PMCID: PMC6653651 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
With the aging of population, the number of indications for total joint replacement is continuously increasing. However, prosthesis loosening can happen and is related to two major mechanisms: (1) aseptic loosening due to prosthesis micromotion and/or corrosion and release of wear particles from the different components of the implanted material and (2) septic loosening due to chronic prosthetic joint infection (PJI). The “aseptic” character of prosthesis loosening has been challenged over the years, especially considering that bacteria can persist in biofilms and be overlooked during diagnosis. Histological studies on periprosthetic tissue samples reported that macrophages are the principle cells associated with aseptic loosening due to wear debris. They produce cytokines and favor an inflammatory environment that induces formation and activation of osteoclasts, leading to bone resorption and periprosthetic osteolysis. In PJIs, the presence of infiltrates of polymorphonuclear neutrophils is a major criterion for histological diagnosis. Neutrophils are colocalized with osteoclasts and zones of osteolysis. A similar inflammatory environment also develops, leading to bone resorption through osteoclasts. Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Staphylococcus lugdunensis are the main staphylococci observed in PJIs. They share the common feature to form biofilm. For S. aureus and S. epidermidis, the interaction between biofilm and immunes cells (macrophages and polymorphonuclear neutrophils) differs regarding the species. Indeed, the composition of extracellular matrix of biofilm seems to impact the interaction with immune cells. Recent papers also reported the major role of myeloid-derived suppressor cells in biofilm-associated PJIs with S. aureus. These cells prevent lymphocyte infiltration and facilitate biofilm persistence. Moreover, the role of T lymphocytes is still unclear and potentially underestimates. In this review, after introducing the cellular mechanism of aseptic and septic loosening, we will focus on the interrelationships between staphylococcal biofilm, immune cells, and bone cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérôme Josse
- CIRI - Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Inserm U1111, CNRS UMR5308, ENS Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France.,Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France.,Centre Interrégional de Référence des Infections Ostéo-articulaires Complexes (CRIOAc Lyon), Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Florent Valour
- CIRI - Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Inserm U1111, CNRS UMR5308, ENS Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France.,Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France.,Centre Interrégional de Référence des Infections Ostéo-articulaires Complexes (CRIOAc Lyon), Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France.,Service de Chirurgie Orthopédique, Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Yousef Maali
- CIRI - Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Inserm U1111, CNRS UMR5308, ENS Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France.,Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Alan Diot
- CIRI - Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Inserm U1111, CNRS UMR5308, ENS Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France.,Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Cécile Batailler
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France.,Centre Interrégional de Référence des Infections Ostéo-articulaires Complexes (CRIOAc Lyon), Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France.,Service de Maladies Infectieuses, Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Tristan Ferry
- CIRI - Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Inserm U1111, CNRS UMR5308, ENS Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France.,Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France.,Centre Interrégional de Référence des Infections Ostéo-articulaires Complexes (CRIOAc Lyon), Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France.,Service de Chirurgie Orthopédique, Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Frédéric Laurent
- CIRI - Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Inserm U1111, CNRS UMR5308, ENS Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France.,Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France.,Centre Interrégional de Référence des Infections Ostéo-articulaires Complexes (CRIOAc Lyon), Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France.,Laboratoire de Bactériologie, Institut des Agents Infectieux, Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
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Raic A, Riedel S, Kemmling E, Bieback K, Overhage J, Lee-Thedieck C. Biomimetic 3D in vitro model of biofilm triggered osteomyelitis for investigating hematopoiesis during bone marrow infections. Acta Biomater 2018; 73:250-262. [PMID: 29679779 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2018.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Revised: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
In this work, we define the requirements for a human cell-based osteomyelitis model which overcomes the limitations of state of the art animal models. Osteomyelitis is a severe and difficult to treat infection of the bone that develops rapidly, making it difficult to study in humans. We have developed a 3D in vitro model of the bone marrow, comprising a macroporous material, human hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) and mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs). Inclusion of biofilms grown on an implant into the model system allowed us to study the effects of postoperative osteomyelitis-inducing bacteria on the bone marrow. The bacteria influenced the myeloid differentiation of HSPCs as well as MSC cytokine expression and the MSC ability to support HSPC maintenance. In conclusion, we provide a new 3D in vitro model which meets all the requirements for investigating the impact of osteomyelitis. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Implant-associated osteomyelitis is a persistent bacterial infection of the bone which occurs in many implant patients and can result in functional impairments or even entire loss of the extremity. Nevertheless, surprisingly little is known on the triangle interaction between implant material, bacterial biofilm and affected bone tissue. Closing this gap of knowledge would be crucial for the fundamental understanding of the disease and the development of novel treatment strategies. For this purpose, we developed the first biomaterial-based system that is able to mimic implant-associated osteomyelitis outside of the body, thus, opening the avenue to study this fatal disease in the laboratory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annamarija Raic
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Functional Interfaces, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Sophie Riedel
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Functional Interfaces, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Elena Kemmling
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Functional Interfaces, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Karen Bieback
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, German Red Cross Blood Service Baden-Württemberg - Hessen, Friedrich-Ebert Str. 107, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Joerg Overhage
- Department of Health Sciences, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel by Drive, Ottawa ON, K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Cornelia Lee-Thedieck
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Functional Interfaces, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany.
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