miR-486-5p regulates the migration and invasion of colorectal cancer cells through targeting PIK3R1

Non-coding RNA transcripts, incredible modulators of cisplatin chemo-resistance in bladder cancer through operating a broad spectrum of cellular processes and signaling mechanism

Bladder cancer (BC) is a highly frequent neoplasm in correlation with significant rate of morbidity, mortality, and cost. The onset of BC is predominantly triggered by environmental and/or occupational exposures to carcinogens, such as tobacco. There are two distinct pathways by which BC can be developed, including non-muscle-invasive papillary tumors (NMIBC) and non-papillary (or solid) muscle-invasive tumors (MIBC). The Cancer Genome Atlas project has further recognized key genetic drivers of MIBC along with its subtypes with particular properties and therapeutic responses; nonetheless, NMIBC is the predominant BC presentation among the suffering individuals. Radical cystoprostatectomy, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy have been verified to be the common therapeutic interventions in metastatic tumors, among which chemotherapeutics are more conventionally utilized. Although multiple chemo drugs have been broadly administered for BC treatment, cisplatin is reportedly the most effective chemo drug against the corresponding malignancy. Notwithstanding, tumor recurrence is usually occurred following the consumption of cisplatin regimens, particularly due to the progression of chemo-resistant trait. In this framework, non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), as abundant RNA transcripts arise from the human genome, are introduced to serve as crucial contributors to tumor expansion and cisplatin chemo-resistance in bladder neoplasm. In the current review, we first investigated the best-known ncRNAs, i.e. microRNAs (miRNAs), long ncRNAs (lncRNAs), and circular RNAs (circRNAs), correlated with cisplatin chemo-resistance in BC cells and tissues. We noticed that these ncRNAs could mediate the BC-related cisplatin-resistant phenotype through diverse cellular processes and signaling mechanisms, reviewed here. Eventually, diagnostic and prognostic potential of ncRNAs, as well as their therapeutic capabilities were highlighted in regard to BC management.

Abnormal methylation mediated upregulation of LINC00857 boosts malignant progression of lung adenocarcinoma by modulating the miR-486-5p/NEK2 axis

LINC00857 is frequently dysregulated in varying cancers, which in turn exerts carcinogenic effects; however, its DNA methylation status in promoter region and molecular mechanisms underlying the progression of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) remain rarely understood. Through bioinformatics analysis, we examined the expression state and methylation site of LINC00857 in LUAD and further investigated the properties of LINC00857 as a competitive endogenous RNA in the cancer progression. The current study revealed that the overexpression of LINC00857 in LUAD tissue and cells was mainly caused by the hypomethylation of the promoter region. LINC00857 knockdown prominently reduced cell proliferation, impeded cell migration and invasion, and restrained lymph node metastasis, with enhancing radiosensitivity. The effects of LINC00857 on tumor growth were also investigated in nude mice models. Subsequently, the downstream factors, miR-486-5p and NEK2, were screened, and the putative regulatory axis was examined. Overall, the regulatory effect of methylation-mediated LINC00857 overexpression on miR-486-5p/NEK2 axis may be a new mechanism for LUAD progression.

Apoptotic-Related MiRNAs Correlated with Functional and Flow Cytometric Parameters in Asthenozoospermic Holstein Bulls After Freeze-Thaw Process

Many cellular processes in spermatozoa, including apoptosis and motility, are regulated by miRNA. Different miRNAs and molecular pathways are involved in asthenozoospermia (AS) conditions, which are thought to be one of the causes of infertility with reduced sperm motility. Thirty-two semen samples from four Holstein bulls with normozoospermia (NS), total motility ≥ 70%, and progressive motility ≥ 60%, and 32 semen samples from four bulls with AS, total motility ≤ 40%, and progressive motility ≤ 32% were used to investigate the function of apoptosis-related miRNAs in the AS group. Samples were then aspirated into a 0.5 mL straw after dilution with a Tris-egg yolk extender and frozen at -196°C. After freezing, semen samples were thawed for 2 weeks at 37°C and sperm kinematic parameters, plasma membrane integrity, acrosome integrity, DNA fragmentation, apoptosis status, and expression of apoptosis-related miRNAs (miR-2114, miR-296-3p, miR-455-3p, and miR345-3p) were evaluated. Our results showed that the functional and flow cytometric parameters of the NS group were significantly better than those of the AS group. In the NS group, miR-455-3pp and miR-2412 were upregulated, while miR-345-3p was downregulated compared with the AS group. In the AS group, miR-296-39, miR-2412, and miR-345-3p levels were strongly correlated with membrane integrity, DNA fragmentation, and apoptosis status. The findings demonstrated that the selected miRNAs based on bioinformatic analysis in AS and NS samples had a substantial association with functional and flow cytometry indicators and may be involved in regulating apoptosis and motility in AS samples.

MiR-486-5p specifically suppresses SAPCD2 expression, which attenuates the aggressive phenotypes of lung adenocarcinoma cells

BACKGROUND

MiR-486-5p expression is restrained in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). However, much less has been understood on its role in LUAD. We aimed to explore the biofunctions of miR-486-5p in LUAD.

METHODS

A differential expression analysis based on The Cancer Genome Atlas-LUAD dataset was done to screen the differently expressed miRNAs and mRNAs. MiR-486-5p and SAPCD2 mRNA expression was analyzed by qRT-PCR, and protein level of SAPCD2 was assayed by western blot. Upregulation and downregulation of miR-486-5p or SAPCD2 were achieved by cell transfection. For cell function assays, the proliferation of cancer cells was examined by MTT assay. Cell apoptosis was assessed by flow cytometry and microscopy. Transwell assay was applied to evaluate cell migration and invasion. A dual-luciferase detection was employed to determine the miRNA-mRNA targeting relationship.

RESULTS

MiR-486-5p expression was notably reduced in LUAD tissue and cell lines. Upregulating miR-486-5p restrained the anti-apoptotic and proliferative abilities, as well as cell migratory and invasive phenotypes in LUAD cells. SAPCD2 was determined as one target of miR-486-5p. Also, SAPCD2 forced expression was able to attenuate the inhibitory impacts of miR-486-5p on the malignant phenotypes of LUAD cells.

CONCLUSION

MiR-486-5p suppressed cell malignant progression in LUAD by targeting SAPCD2, suggesting that the two may be targets for LUAD treatment.

Anesthetic propofol enhances cisplatin-sensitivity of non-small cell lung cancer cells through N6-methyladenosine-dependently regulating the miR-486-5p/RAP1-NF-κB axis

BACKGROUND

Drug resistance is a considerable challenge for chemotherapy in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Propofol, a commonly used intravenous anesthetics, has been reported to suppress the malignancy of various cancers. However, the effects of propofol on cisplatin (DDP) sensitivity in NSCLC and its molecular mechanisms have not been clearly clarified yet, and the present study aimed to resolve this problem.

METHODS

NSCLC cells were co-treated with propofol and DDP, Cell Counting kit-8 assay, colony formation assay and flow cytometry were conducted to test the role of propofol in regulating DDP-resistance in NSCLC. Next, through conducting quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, dual-luciferase gene reporter system and western blot, the responsible molecular axis in propofol regulating the DDP sensitivity in NSCLC was uncovered, and the function verification experiments were performed by transfection with the inhibitors or small interfering RNAs of those molecules.

RESULTS

Propofol suppressed cell viability, colony formation ability, tumorigenesis, and promoted cell apoptosis to enhance DDP-sensitivity in NSCLC in vitro and in vivo. Propofol increased miR-486-5p level in NSCLC cells and xenograft tumors tissues in a N6-methyladenosine (m6A)-dependent manner, thus inactivating the Ras-associated protein1 (RAP1)-NF-kappaB (NF-κB) axis. Propofol regulated the miR-486-5p/RAP1-NF-κB axis to improve DDP-sensitivity in NSCLC.

CONCLUSIONS

Taken together, this study firstly investigates the detailed molecular mechanisms by which propofol enhanced DDP-sensitivity in NSCLC cells, and a novel m6A-dependent miR-486-5p/RAP1-NF-κB axis is identified to be closely associated with the process.

Regulation of follistatin-like 3 expression by miR-486-5p modulates gastric cancer cell proliferation, migration and tumor progression

Cancer development and progression can be regulated by the levels of endogenous factors. Gastric cancer is an aggressive disease state with poor patient prognosis, needing the development of new diagnostics and therapeutic strategies. We investigated the close association between follistatin-like 3 (FSTL3) and different cancers, and focused on its role in gastric cancer cell function. Using cancer bioinformatics, we found that FSTL3 expression is elevated in a large majority of the 33 cancers we analyzed in publicly available cancer databases. Elevated levels of FSTL3 is associated with poor patient prognosis in gastric cancer. In a comparison of normal gastric epithelial cells and gastric cancer cell lines, FSTL3 expression was consistently elevated in gastric cancer cells. Overexpression of FSTL3 promoted gastric cancer cell viability, proliferation and migration. Conversely, FSTL3 knockdown inhibits these cellular processes. Using bioinformatics, we found that the FSTL3 mRNA has a potential binding site in the 3'-UTR for a small microRNA, miR-486-5p. Further bioinformatics revealed significant negative correlation between FSTL3 and miR-486-5p levels. Using luciferase reporter constructs, we provide evidence that the 3'UTR from the FSTL3 mRNA can confer downregulation in the presence of miR-486-5p. These studies lead us to conclude that FSTL3 has oncogenic properties and increased expression of this gene product promotes gastric cancer development and progression.

MicroRNA-486-5p Suppresses Lung Cancer via Downregulating mTOR Signaling In Vitro and In Vivo

Lung cancer is one of the central causes of tumor-related deaths globally, of which non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) takes up about 85%. As key regulators of various biological processes, microRNAs (miRNAs) have been verified as crucial factors in NSCLC. To elucidate the role of miR-486-5p in the mTOR pathway, we investigated its role in NSCLC and related signaling. Our results confirmed that miR-486-5p was downregulated in most of human NSCLC tissue samples and cell lines. Further study confirmed that it inhibited NSCLC through repression of the mTOR pathway via targeting both ribosomal proteins S6 kinase A1 (RPS6KA1, RSK) and ribosomal proteins S6 kinase B1 (RPS6KB1, p70S6K), which are critical components of the mTOR signaling. Additionally, miR-486-5p impeded tumor growth in vivo and inhibited tumor metastasis through repression of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Taken together, our study verified the role that miR-486-5p exerts in NSCLC, and its expression pattern in the different stages and morphologies of NSCLC makes it a promising biomarker in the early diagnosis of the disease.

The Emerging Role of Epigenetic Mechanisms in the Causation of Aberrant MMP Activity during Human Pathologies and the Use of Medicinal Drugs

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) cleave extracellular matrix proteins, growth factors, cytokines, and receptors to influence organ development, architecture, function, and the systemic and cell-specific responses to diseases and pharmacological drugs. Conversely, many diseases (such as atherosclerosis, arthritis, bacterial infections (tuberculosis), viral infections (COVID-19), and cancer), cholesterol-lowering drugs (such as statins), and tetracycline-class antibiotics (such as doxycycline) alter MMP activity through transcriptional, translational, and post-translational mechanisms. In this review, we summarize evidence that the aforementioned diseases and drugs exert significant epigenetic pressure on genes encoding MMPs, tissue inhibitors of MMPs, and factors that transcriptionally regulate the expression of MMPs. Our understanding of human pathologies associated with alterations in the proteolytic activity of MMPs must consider that these pathologies and their medicinal treatments may impose epigenetic pressure on the expression of MMP genes. Whether the epigenetic mechanisms affecting the activity of MMPs can be therapeutically targeted warrants further research.

Upregulation lnc-NEAT1 contributes to colorectal cancer progression through sponging miR-486-5p and activating NR4A1/Wnt/β-catenin pathway

Colorectal cancer is a major public health problem and fourth guiding cause of cancer-induced mortality worldwide. The five-year survival rate for patients with colorectal cancer remains poor, and almost half of colorectal cancer patients present recurrence and die within five years. The increasing studies showed that long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) was involved in colorectal cancer. Therefore, this study was used to explore molecular mechanisms of nuclear paraspeckle assembly transcript 1 (NEAT1) in colorectal cancer. The real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was employed to estimate the expression levels of NEAT1, Nuclear receptor 4 A1 (NR4A1), and miR-486-5p in colorectal cancer tissues and cells. Kaplan-Meier curve was conducted to analyze relationship between survival time of colorectal cancer patients and level of NEAT1. The protein levels of NR4A1, β-catenin, c-Myc, and cyclinD1 were assessed with western blot assay. 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazol-3-ium bromide (MTT) and flow cytometry assays were performed to evaluate proliferation and apoptosis of colorectal cancer cells, respectively. The migration and invasion abilities of cells were examined by transwell assay. The relationship between miR-486-5p and NEAT1 or NR4A1 was confirmed by dual-luciferase reporter assay. We found NEAT1 and NR4A1 were highly expressed in colorectal cancer tissues and cell lines compared with controls. Loss-functional experiments revealed that knockdown of NEAT1 or NR4A1 repressed proliferation and motility, while inducing apoptosis of colorectal cancer cells. The gain of NR4A1 could abolish NEAT1 silencing-induced effects in colorectal cancer cells. In addition, NEAT1 contributed to colorectal cancer progression through mediating NR4A1/Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. In conclusion, NEAT1 stimulated colorectal cancer progression via acting as competing endogenous RNA to sponge miR-486-5p and regulate NR4A1/Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.

EHHADH contributes to cisplatin resistance through regulation by tumor-suppressive microRNAs in bladder cancer

Background

Cisplatin-based chemotherapy is recommended as the primary treatment for advanced bladder cancer (BC) with unresectable or metastatic disease. However, the benefits are limited due to the acquisition of drug resistance. The mechanisms of resistance remain unclear. Although there are some reports that some molecules are associated with cisplatin resistance in advanced BC, those reports have not been fully investigated. Therefore, we undertook a new search for cisplatin resistance-related genes targeted by tumor suppressive microRNAs as well as genes that were downregulated in cisplatin-resistant BC cells and clinical BC tissues.

Methods

First, we established cisplatin-resistant BOY and T24 BC cell lines (CDDP-R-BOY, CDDP-R-T24). Then, Next Generation Sequence analysis was performed with parental and cisplatin-resistant cell lines to search for the microRNAs responsible for cisplatin resistance. We conducted gain-of-function analysis of microRNAs and their effects on cisplatin resistance, and we searched target genes comprehensively using Next Generation mRNA sequences.

Results

A total of 28 microRNAs were significantly downregulated in both CDDP-R-BOY and CDDP-R-T24. Among them, miR-486-5p, a tumor suppressor miRNA, was negatively correlated with the TNM classification of clinical BC samples in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Transfection of miRNA-486-5p significantly inhibited cancer cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, and also improved the cells’ resistance to cisplatin. Among the genes targeted by miRNA-486-5p, we focused on enoyl-CoA, hydratase/3-hydroxyacyl CoA dehydrogenase (EHHADH), which is involved in the degradation of fatty acids. EHHADH was directly regulated by miRNA-486-5p as determined by a dual-luciferase reporter assay. Loss-of-function study using EHHADH si-RNA showed significant inhibitions of cell proliferation, migration, invasion and the recovery of cisplatin sensitivity.

Conclusion

Identification of EHHADH as a target of miRNA-486-5p provides novel insights into the potential mechanisms of cisplatin resistance in BC.

Fusion-Independent Satellite Cell Communication to Muscle Fibers During Load-Induced Hypertrophy

The "canonical" function of Pax7+ muscle stem cells (satellite cells) during hypertrophic growth of adult muscle fibers is myonuclear donation via fusion to support increased transcriptional output. In recent years, however, emerging evidence suggests that satellite cells play an important secretory role in promoting load-mediated growth. Utilizing genetically modified mouse models of delayed satellite cell fusion and in vivo extracellular vesicle (EV) tracking, we provide evidence for satellite cell communication to muscle fibers during hypertrophy. Myogenic progenitor cell-EV-mediated communication to myotubes in vitro influences extracellular matrix (ECM)-related gene expression, which is congruent with in vivo overload experiments involving satellite cell depletion, as well as in silico analyses. Satellite cell-derived EVs can transfer a Cre-induced, cytoplasmic-localized fluorescent reporter to muscle cells as well as microRNAs that regulate ECM genes such as matrix metalloproteinase 9 (Mmp9), which may facilitate growth. Delayed satellite cell fusion did not limit long-term load-induced muscle hypertrophy indicating that early fusion-independent communication from satellite cells to muscle fibers is an underappreciated aspect of satellite cell biology. We cannot exclude the possibility that satellite cell-mediated myonuclear accretion is necessary to maintain prolonged growth, specifically in the later phases of adaptation, but these data collectively highlight how EV delivery from satellite cells can directly contribute to mechanical load-induced muscle fiber hypertrophy, independent of cell fusion to the fiber.

Right and left-sided colon cancers - specificity of molecular mechanisms in tumorigenesis and progression

Background

Given the differences in embryonic origin, vascular and nervous supplies, microbiotic burden, and main physiological functions of left and right colons, tumor location is increasingly suggested to dictate tumor behavior affecting pathology, progression and prognosis. Right-sided colon cancers arise in the cecum, ascending colon, hepatic flexure and/or transverse colon, while left-sided colon cancers arise in the splenic flexure, descending, and/or sigmoid colon. In contrast to prior reports, we attempt to delineate programs of tumorigenesis independently for each side.

Methods

Four hundred and eleven samples were extracted from The Cancer Genome Atlas-COAD cohort, based on a conservative sample inclusion criterion. Each side was independently analyzed with respect to their respective normal tissue, at the level of transcription, post-transcription, miRNA control and methylation in both a stage specific and stage-agnostic manner.

Results

Our results indicate a suppression of enzymes involved in various stages of carcinogen breakdown including CYP2C8, CYP4F12, GSTA1, and UGT1A within right colon tumors. This implies its reduced capacity to detoxify carcinogens, contributing to a genotoxic tumor environment, and subsequently a more aggressive phenotype. Additionally, we highlight a crucial nexus between calcium homeostasis (sensing, mobilization and absorption) and immune/GPCR signaling within left-sided tumors, possibly contributing to its reduced proliferative and metastatic potential. Interestingly, two genes SLC6A4 and HOXB13 show opposing regulatory trends within right and left tumors. Post-transcriptional regulation mediated by both RNA-binding proteins (e.g. NKRF (in left) and MSI2 (in right)) and miRNAs (e.g. miR-29a (in left); miR-155, miR181-d, miR-576 and miR23a (in right)) appear to exhibit side-specificity in control of their target transcripts and is pronounced in right colon tumors. Additionally, methylation results depict location-specific differences, with increased hypomethylation in open seas within left tumors, and increased hypermethylation of CpG islands within right tumors.

Conclusions

Differences in molecular mechanisms captured here highlight distinctions in tumorigenesis and progression between left and right colon tumors, which will serve as the basis for future studies, influencing the efficacies of existing and future diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic interventions.

Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell-Derived Exosomal MicroRNAs Regulate Endothelial Cell Migration Under PDGF Stimulation

Intercellular communication between vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and endothelial cells (ECs) is essential for the maintenance of vascular homeostasis. The presence of exosomes, a recently discovered player in vascular cell communication, has been associated with vascular disease progression. However, the detailed mechanism of how the signal mediated by exosomes affects the function of vascular cells during vascular pathogenesis is yet to be further understood. In this study, we investigated the expression of exosomal microRNAs (miRNAs) secreted by VSMCs and their functional relevance to ECs in pathogenesis, including their role in processes such as platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) stimulation. We observed that PDGF stimulation contributes to a change in exosomal miRNA release from VSMCs; specifically, miR-1246, miR-182, and miR-486 were deficient in exosomes derived from PDGF-stimulated VSMCs. The reduced miRNA expression in these exosomes is associated with an increase in EC migration. These findings increase our understanding of exosome-mediated crosstalk between vascular cells under a pathological condition.

MiR-486-5p Suppresses Proliferation and Migration of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells through Downregulation of the E3 Ubiquitin Ligase CBL

MicroRNAs have been broadly implicated in cancer, but precise functions and mechanisms in carcinogenesis vary among cancer types and in many cases remain poorly understood. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is among the most frequent and lethal cancers. The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of miR-486-5p in HCC and identify its specific target. MiR-486-5p was significantly downregulated in HCC tissues and cell lines compared with noncancerous tissues and, respectively, although expression level was not correlated with the degree of infiltration or tumor stage. However, miR-486-5p overexpression in HCC cells inhibited proliferation and migration as evidenced by CCK-8 cell counting, wound healing, and transwell assays, indicating that miR-486-5p is an HCC suppressor. We employed four miRNA databases to predict the target genes of miR-486-5p and verified retrieved genes using qPCR and western blotting. The E3 ubiquitin ligase CBL was significantly downregulated by miR-486-5p overexpression in HCC cell lines at both mRNA and protein level, and overexpression of CBL counteracted the inhibitory effects of miR-486-5p on HCC cell proliferation and migration. Moreover, CBL expression was negatively correlated with miR-486-5p expression in HCC tissues. Collectively, our results suggest that miR-486-5p may act as a tumor suppressor gene in HCC by downregulating CBL expression.

MiR-486-5p Serves as a Good Biomarker in Nonsmall Cell Lung Cancer and Suppresses Cell Growth With the Involvement of a Target PIK3R1

MicroRNAs are a class of noncoding RNAs that can be involved in the regulation of gene expression in cancers, including lung cancer. Our previous research has shown that miR-486-5p is one of the most downregulated microRNAs in tissue and serum samples of lung cancer as a good diagnostic biomarker. The objective of this study is to investigate the roles of miR-486-5p in the progression of lung cancer. In this study, miR-486-5p was further validated to be significantly downregulated in additional nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) tissue, serum, and cell samples by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and the expression level of miR-486-5p was significantly associated with clinical phenotype of NSCLC. The PIK3R1 gene was confirmed to be a direct target of miR-486-5p by dual-luciferase reporter assay, and the expression level of miR-486-5p was inversely correlated with that of PIK3R1 in tumor tissues (r = −0.774, p < 0.01). Overexpressed miR-486-5p effectively inhibited cell proliferation and invasion and successfully induced apoptosis in vitro. PIK3R1 was involved in the suppression of miR-486-5p on cell growth. It can be concluded that miR-486-5p may act as a tumor suppressor contributing to the progression of NSCLC, and miR-486-5p would be a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker and a potential therapeutic target for lung cancer.

MicroRNA-486-5p down-regulation protects cardiomyocytes against hypoxia-induced cell injury by targeting IGF-1

BACKGROUND

MicroRNA has been reported to play an important role in congenital heart disease (CHD) in children. Recently, microRNA-486-5p (miR-486-5p) has been found increased in patients with cyanotic heart disease compared with those without heart disease. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of miR-486-5p on hypoxia-induced cardiomyocyte injury to reveal the role of miR-486-5p in cyanotic congenital heart disease (CCHD).

METHODS

Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was used to determine the expression of miR-486-5p in hypoxia-induced H9C2 cells. Dual luciferase reporter gene assay was used to confirm IGF-1 was a direct target of miR-486-5p. miR-486-5p inhibitor and IGF-1-siRNA were transfected into H9C2 cells. The cell viability was detected by MTT. Cell apoptosis was detected using flow cytometry. The expression of IGF-1, Bcl-2, caspase-3, caspase-9, and Bax mRNA and protein were detected by RT-qPCR and western blotting, respectively.

RESULTS

miR-486-5p expression gradually increased with prolonged hypoxia time in H9C2 cells. Dual luciferase reporter gene results confirmed IGF-1 was a direct target of miR-486-5p. In addition, inhibition of miR-486-5p significantly increased the hypoxia-induced decrease in cell survival and attenuated hypoxia-induced apoptosis. Furthermore, inhibition of miR-486-5p significantly attenuated the hypoxia-induced decrease in the level of IGF-1 and Bcl-2 and the increase in pro-apoptotic proteins such as caspase-3, caspase-9 and Bax. These effects could be reversed by IGF-1-siRNA.

CONCLUSION

The data demonstrated that inhibition of miR-486-5p increased cardiomyocyte growth and reduced cell apoptosis under hypoxic conditions by targeting IGF-1, indicating that miR-486-5p may be an effective target for the treatment of CCHD.

Knockdown of MON1B Exerts Anti-Tumor Effects in Colon Cancer In Vitro

Background

Colon cancer is one of the most common cancers in the world. We performed the present study to determine the molecular mechanism of MON1B in colon cancer cells.

Material/Methods

Colon cancer tissues and adjacent normal tissues were collected from 34 colon cancer patients. MON1B-silenced LoVo colon cancer cells were constructed. RT-qPCR and Western blot analysis were used to detect mRNA and protein levels, respectively, of colon cancer tissues and cells. Cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8), wound healing, and Transwell assays were used to detect viability, migration, and invasion, respectively, of colon cancer cells.

Results

The mRNA and protein levels of MON1B were higher in colon cancer tissues and human colon cancer cell lines (HT-29, SW480, COLO205, LoVo). Cell proliferation, migration, and invasion abilities were all inhibited when MON1B was silenced in LoVo colon cancer cells. Both the mRNA and protein levels of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP)-2 and iκB were increased, while that of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP)-2, MMP-9, metastasis-associated genes (MTA)-1, nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), and chemokine receptor type (CXCR)-4 was decreased when MON1B was silenced.

Conclusions

MON1B interference exerted anti-tumor effect in colon cancer in vitro.