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Souchak J, Mohammed NBB, Lau LS, Dimitroff CJ. The role of galectins in mediating the adhesion of circulating cells to vascular endothelium. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1395714. [PMID: 38840921 PMCID: PMC11150550 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1395714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Vascular cell adhesion is a complex orchestration of events that commonly feature lectin-ligand interactions between circulating cells, such as immune, stem, and tumor cells, and endothelial cells (ECs) lining post-capillary venules. Characteristically, circulating cell adherence to the vasculature endothelium is initiated through interactions between surface sialo-fucosylated glycoprotein ligands and lectins, specifically platelet (P)- or endothelial (E)-selectin on ECs or between leukocyte (L)-selectin on circulating leukocytes and L-selectin ligands on ECs, culminating in circulating cell extravasation. This lectin-ligand interplay enables the migration of immune cells into specific tissue sites to help maintain effective immunosurveillance and inflammation control, the homing of stem cells to bone marrow or tissues in need of repair, and, unfortunately, in some cases, the dissemination of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) to distant metastatic sites. Interestingly, there is a growing body of evidence showing that the family of β-galactoside-binding lectins, known as galectins, can also play pivotal roles in the adhesion of circulating cells to the vascular endothelium. In this review, we present contemporary knowledge on the significant roles of host- and/or tumor-derived galectin (Gal)-3, -8, and -9 in facilitating the adhesion of circulating cells to the vascular endothelium either directly by acting as bridging molecules or indirectly by triggering signaling pathways to express adhesion molecules on ECs. We also explore strategies for interfering with galectin-mediated adhesion to attenuate inflammation or hinder the metastatic seeding of CTCs, which are often rich in galectins and/or their glycan ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Souchak
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Norhan B. B. Mohammed
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, United States
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt
| | - Lee Seng Lau
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Charles J. Dimitroff
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, United States
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2
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Yıldırım C. Galectin-9, a pro-survival factor inducing immunosuppression, leukemic cell transformation and expansion. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:571. [PMID: 38662155 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-024-09563-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Leukemia is a malignancy of the bone marrow and blood originating from self-renewing cancerous immature blast cells or transformed leukocytes. Despite improvements in treatments, leukemia remains still a serious disease with poor prognosis because of disease heterogeneity, drug resistance and relapse. There is emerging evidence that differentially expression of co-signaling molecules play a critical role in tumor immune evasion. Galectin-9 (Gal-9) is one of the key proteins that leukemic cells express, secrete, and use to proliferate, self-renew, and survive. It also suppresses host immune responses controlled by T and NK cells, enabling leukemic cells to evade immune surveillance. The present review provides the molecular mechanisms of Gal-9-induced immune evasion in leukemia. Understanding the complex immune evasion machinery driven by Gal-9 expressing leukemic cells will enable the identification of novel therapeutic strategies for efficient immunotherapy in leukemic patients. Combined treatment approaches targeting T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain-3 (Tim-3)/Gal-9 and other immune checkpoint pathways can be considered, which may enhance the efficacy of host effector cells to attack leukemic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cansu Yıldırım
- Atatürk Vocational School of Health Services, Afyonkarahisar Health Sciences University, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey.
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3
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Ahmed HA, Nafady A, Ahmed EH, Hassan EEN, Soliman WGM, Elbadry MI, Allam AA. CXC chemokine ligand 13 and galectin-9 plasma levels collaboratively provide prediction of disease activity and progression-free survival in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Ann Hematol 2024; 103:781-792. [PMID: 37946029 PMCID: PMC10867040 DOI: 10.1007/s00277-023-05540-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
The clinical outcome of lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is quite heterogeneous. The purpose of this observational study was to investigate the clinical merit of measuring plasma galectin-9 and CXCL-13 concentrations as predictors of CLL activity, prognosis, and early indicators of therapeutic response. These biomarkers were compared with other prognostic indicators, progression-free survival (PFS), time to first treatment (TTT), and overall survival (OS) over a follow-up period (4 years). First, plasma galectin-9 and CXCL-13 concentrations were analyzed in CLL patients at the time of diagnosis as well as healthy controls. Compared to controls, CLL patients had significantly higher serum levels of CXCL-13 and galectin-9. Second, we observed that CLL patients with high soluble CXCL-13 and galectin-9 levels had advanced clinical stages, poor prognosis, 17p del, short PFS, short TTT, and therapy resistance. The levels of CXCL-13, β2-microglobulin, LDH, CD38%, and high grade of Rai-stage were all strongly correlated with the galectin-9 levels. Soluble CXCL-13 and galectin-9 had very good specificity and sensitivity in detecting CLL disease progression and high-risk patients with the superiority of galectin-9 over CXCL-13. Although the two biomarkers were equal in prediction of TTT and treatment response, the soluble CXCL13 was superior in prediction of OS. High CXCL-13 and galectin-9 plasma levels upon CLL diagnosis are associated with disease activity, progression, advanced clinical stages, short periods of PFS, short TTT, and unfavorable treatment response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heba A Ahmed
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Sohag University, Sohag, 82524, Egypt
| | - Asmaa Nafady
- Department of Clinical and Chemical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt
| | - Eman H Ahmed
- Department of Clinical Pathology, South Egypt Cancer Institute, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Emad Eldin Nabil Hassan
- Department of Clinical Oncology and Nuclear Medicine, Sohag University Hospital, Sohag, Egypt
| | | | - Mahmoud I Elbadry
- Division of Haematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Sohag University, Sohag, 82524, Egypt.
| | - Ahmed Ahmed Allam
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Sohag University, Sohag, 82524, Egypt
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Yano M, Byrd JC, Muthusamy N. Natural Killer Cells in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia: Functional Impairment and Therapeutic Potential. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14235787. [PMID: 36497266 PMCID: PMC9739887 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14235787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy approaches have advanced rapidly in recent years. While the greatest therapeutic advances so far have been achieved with T cell therapies such as immune checkpoint blockade and CAR-T, recent advances in NK cell therapy have highlighted the therapeutic potential of these cells. Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), the most prevalent form of leukemia in Western countries, is a very immunosuppressive disease but still shows significant potential as a target of immunotherapy, including NK-based therapies. In addition to their antileukemia potential, NK cells are important immune effectors in the response to infections, which represent a major clinical concern for CLL patients. Here, we review the interactions between NK cells and CLL, describing functional changes and mechanisms of CLL-induced NK suppression, interactions with current therapeutic options, and the potential for therapeutic benefit using NK cell therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max Yano
- Medical Science Training Program, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - John C. Byrd
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
- Correspondence: (J.C.B.); (N.M.)
| | - Natarajan Muthusamy
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Correspondence: (J.C.B.); (N.M.)
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Reyes-Vallejo T, Conde-Rodríguez I, Serna-Villalobos J, Ramírez-Díaz I, Pérez-Villalobos G, Delgado-López G, Vazquez-Zamora VJ, Gutiérrez-Quiroz CT, Ávila-Jiménez L, García-Carrancá A, Martínez-Acosta L, Santos-López G, Reyes-Leyva J, Vallejo-Ruiz V. Serum Levels of Galectin-9 are Increased in Cervical Cancer Patients and are Higher in Advanced Clinical Stages. Onco Targets Ther 2022; 15:1211-1220. [PMID: 36246733 PMCID: PMC9556277 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s378933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Cervical cancer (CC) is the second most frequent cancer in undeveloped countries. Serum biomarkers could be useful for evaluation of the treatment response and as a complementary means to improve diagnosis. The expression of galectin-9 is altered in cancer tissue, and higher concentrations are found in the serum of cancer patients. The objectives of this study were (a) to determine the serum galectin-9 concentration in patients with intraepithelial lesions and CC, (b) to determine if the concentration was related to the clinicopathological characteristics and (c) to determine if the galectin-9 concentration was related to its expression level in tumour tissue. Patients and Methods In all, 222 serum samples from women with different diagnoses, including premalignant lesions and CC, as well as samples from women with normal cytology were included in the study. The serum galectin-9 concentration was determined by ELISA. To evaluate the expression level of galectin-9 in CC tissue, immunohistochemistry was performed in 34 CC biopsy specimens. Results The galectin-9 concentration in the serum of CC patients (8.171 ng/mL) was increased compared with serum from women with normal epithelia (4.654 ng/mL) and those with low-grade (4.806 ng/mL) and high-grade (5.354 ng/mL) intraepithelial lesions (p value < 0.0001). The area under the ROC curve considering the CC group and the control group was 0.882. The optimal cut-off value was ≥6.88 ng/mL, the specificity obtained was 100%, and the sensitivity was 68.2%. In the CC group, the analysis of the clinical stage showed an increase of galectin-9 in the advanced stage IV group. Serum galectin-9 was not related to the level of galectin-9 expression in tissue, which suggests that galectin-9 is not secreted by tumour cells. Conclusion The serum galectin-9 concentration is related to cancer progression, as the level of this protein is higher in patients with advanced-stage disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tania Reyes-Vallejo
- Departamento de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas, Universidad de las Américas Puebla, Puebla, México
| | - Ileana Conde-Rodríguez
- Posgrado en Ciencias Químicas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, México
| | | | - Ivonne Ramírez-Díaz
- Posgrado en Ciencias Químicas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, México
| | | | - Guadalupe Delgado-López
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Oriente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Atlixco, Puebla, México
| | | | | | - Laura Ávila-Jiménez
- Organo de Operación Administrativa Desconcentrada Estatal Morelos, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Alejandro García-Carrancá
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Ciudad de México, México
| | | | - Gerardo Santos-López
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Oriente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Atlixco, Puebla, México
| | - Julio Reyes-Leyva
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, México
| | - Verónica Vallejo-Ruiz
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Oriente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Atlixco, Puebla, México,Correspondence: Verónica Vallejo-Ruiz, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Oriente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Km 4.5 Carretera Federal Atlixco-Metepec, s/n, Z.C, Atlixco, Puebla, 74360, México, Tel +52 24 44 440 122, Email ;
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Design, Synthesis, and Anticancer Activity of a Selenium-Containing Galectin-3 and Galectin-9N Inhibitor. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23052581. [PMID: 35269724 PMCID: PMC8910629 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Galectins are soluble β-D-galactoside-binding proteins whose implication in cancer progression and disease outcome makes them prominent targets for therapeutic intervention. In this frame, the development of small inhibitors that block selectively the activity of galectins represents an important strategy for cancer therapy which is, however, still relatively underdeveloped. To this end, we designed here a rationally and efficiently novel diglycosylated compound, characterized by a selenoglycoside bond and the presence of a lipophilic benzyl group at both saccharide residues. The relatively high binding affinity of the new compound to the carbohydrate recognition domain of two galectins, galectin 3 and galectin 9, its good antiproliferative and anti-migration activity towards melanoma cells, as well as its anti-angiogenesis properties, pave the way for its further development as an anticancer agent.
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Unraveling How Tumor-Derived Galectins Contribute to Anti-Cancer Immunity Failure. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13184529. [PMID: 34572756 PMCID: PMC8469970 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13184529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary This review compiles our current knowledge of one of the main pathways activated by tumors to escape immune attack. Indeed, it integrates the current understanding of how tumor-derived circulating galectins affect the elicitation of effective anti-tumor immunity. It focuses on several relevant topics: which are the main galectins produced by tumors, how soluble galectins circulate throughout biological liquids (taking a body-settled gradient concentration into account), the conditions required for the galectins’ functions to be accomplished at the tumor and tumor-distant sites, and how the physicochemical properties of the microenvironment in each tissue determine their functions. These are no mere semantic definitions as they define which functions can be performed in said tissues instead. Finally, we discuss the promising future of galectins as targets in cancer immunotherapy and some outstanding questions in the field. Abstract Current data indicates that anti-tumor T cell-mediated immunity correlates with a better prognosis in cancer patients. However, it has widely been demonstrated that tumor cells negatively manage immune attack by activating several immune-suppressive mechanisms. It is, therefore, essential to fully understand how lymphocytes are activated in a tumor microenvironment and, above all, how to prevent these cells from becoming dysfunctional. Tumors produce galectins-1, -3, -7, -8, and -9 as one of the major molecular mechanisms to evade immune control of tumor development. These galectins impact different steps in the establishment of the anti-tumor immune responses. Here, we carry out a critical dissection on the mechanisms through which tumor-derived galectins can influence the production and the functionality of anti-tumor T lymphocytes. This knowledge may help us design more effective immunotherapies to treat human cancers.
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Sportoletti P, De Falco F, Del Papa B, Baldoni S, Guarente V, Marra A, Dorillo E, Rompietti C, Adamo FM, Ruggeri L, Di Ianni M, Rosati E. NK Cells in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia and Their Therapeutic Implications. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22136665. [PMID: 34206399 PMCID: PMC8268440 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22136665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Key features of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) are defects in the immune system and the ability of leukemic cells to evade immune defenses and induce immunosuppression, resulting in increased susceptibility to infections and disease progression. Several immune effectors are impaired in CLL, including T and natural killer (NK) cells. The role of T cells in defense against CLL and in CLL progression and immunotherapy has been extensively studied. Less is known about the role of NK cells in this leukemia, and data on NK cell alterations in CLL are contrasting. Besides studies showing that NK cells have intrinsic defects in CLL, there is a large body of evidence indicating that NK cell dysfunctions in CLL mainly depend on the escape mechanisms employed by leukemic cells. In keeping, it has been shown that NK cell functions, including antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC), can be retained and/or restored after adequate stimulation. Therefore, due to their preserved ADCC function and the reversibility of CLL-related dysfunctions, NK cells are an attractive source for novel immunotherapeutic strategies in this disease, including chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) therapy. Recently, satisfying clinical responses have been obtained in CLL patients using cord blood-derived CAR-NK cells, opening new possibilities for further exploring NK cells in the immunotherapy of CLL. However, notwithstanding the promising results of this clinical trial, more evidence is needed to fully understand whether and in which CLL cases NK cell-based immunotherapy may represent a valid, alternative/additional therapeutic option for this leukemia. In this review, we provide an overview of the current knowledge about phenotypic and functional alterations of NK cells in CLL and the mechanisms by which CLL cells circumvent NK cell-mediated immunosurveillance. Additionally, we discuss the potential relevance of using NK cells in CLL immunotherapy.
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MESH Headings
- Biomarkers
- Cell Communication
- Disease Management
- Disease Susceptibility
- Humans
- Immune System/immunology
- Immune System/metabolism
- Immunotherapy/adverse effects
- Immunotherapy/methods
- Killer Cells, Natural/immunology
- Killer Cells, Natural/metabolism
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/diagnosis
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/etiology
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/metabolism
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/therapy
- Ligands
- Protein Binding
- Receptors, Natural Killer Cell/genetics
- Receptors, Natural Killer Cell/metabolism
- Treatment Outcome
- Tumor Escape/genetics
- Tumor Escape/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Sportoletti
- Centro di Ricerca Emato-Oncologica (CREO), Department of Medicine and Surgery, Institute of Hematology, University of Perugia, 06129 Perugia, Italy; (P.S.); (F.D.F.); (B.D.P.); (S.B.); (V.G.); (A.M.); (E.D.); (C.R.); (F.M.A.); (L.R.)
| | - Filomena De Falco
- Centro di Ricerca Emato-Oncologica (CREO), Department of Medicine and Surgery, Institute of Hematology, University of Perugia, 06129 Perugia, Italy; (P.S.); (F.D.F.); (B.D.P.); (S.B.); (V.G.); (A.M.); (E.D.); (C.R.); (F.M.A.); (L.R.)
| | - Beatrice Del Papa
- Centro di Ricerca Emato-Oncologica (CREO), Department of Medicine and Surgery, Institute of Hematology, University of Perugia, 06129 Perugia, Italy; (P.S.); (F.D.F.); (B.D.P.); (S.B.); (V.G.); (A.M.); (E.D.); (C.R.); (F.M.A.); (L.R.)
| | - Stefano Baldoni
- Centro di Ricerca Emato-Oncologica (CREO), Department of Medicine and Surgery, Institute of Hematology, University of Perugia, 06129 Perugia, Italy; (P.S.); (F.D.F.); (B.D.P.); (S.B.); (V.G.); (A.M.); (E.D.); (C.R.); (F.M.A.); (L.R.)
- Department of Medicine and Sciences of Aging, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy;
| | - Valerio Guarente
- Centro di Ricerca Emato-Oncologica (CREO), Department of Medicine and Surgery, Institute of Hematology, University of Perugia, 06129 Perugia, Italy; (P.S.); (F.D.F.); (B.D.P.); (S.B.); (V.G.); (A.M.); (E.D.); (C.R.); (F.M.A.); (L.R.)
| | - Andrea Marra
- Centro di Ricerca Emato-Oncologica (CREO), Department of Medicine and Surgery, Institute of Hematology, University of Perugia, 06129 Perugia, Italy; (P.S.); (F.D.F.); (B.D.P.); (S.B.); (V.G.); (A.M.); (E.D.); (C.R.); (F.M.A.); (L.R.)
| | - Erica Dorillo
- Centro di Ricerca Emato-Oncologica (CREO), Department of Medicine and Surgery, Institute of Hematology, University of Perugia, 06129 Perugia, Italy; (P.S.); (F.D.F.); (B.D.P.); (S.B.); (V.G.); (A.M.); (E.D.); (C.R.); (F.M.A.); (L.R.)
| | - Chiara Rompietti
- Centro di Ricerca Emato-Oncologica (CREO), Department of Medicine and Surgery, Institute of Hematology, University of Perugia, 06129 Perugia, Italy; (P.S.); (F.D.F.); (B.D.P.); (S.B.); (V.G.); (A.M.); (E.D.); (C.R.); (F.M.A.); (L.R.)
| | - Francesco Maria Adamo
- Centro di Ricerca Emato-Oncologica (CREO), Department of Medicine and Surgery, Institute of Hematology, University of Perugia, 06129 Perugia, Italy; (P.S.); (F.D.F.); (B.D.P.); (S.B.); (V.G.); (A.M.); (E.D.); (C.R.); (F.M.A.); (L.R.)
| | - Loredana Ruggeri
- Centro di Ricerca Emato-Oncologica (CREO), Department of Medicine and Surgery, Institute of Hematology, University of Perugia, 06129 Perugia, Italy; (P.S.); (F.D.F.); (B.D.P.); (S.B.); (V.G.); (A.M.); (E.D.); (C.R.); (F.M.A.); (L.R.)
| | - Mauro Di Ianni
- Department of Medicine and Sciences of Aging, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy;
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, Ospedale Civile “Santo Spirito”, ASL Pescara, 65124 Pescara, Italy
| | - Emanuela Rosati
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, 06129 Perugia, Italy
- Correspondence:
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De Bousser E, Meuris L, Callewaert N, Festjens N. Human T cell glycosylation and implications on immune therapy for cancer. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2020; 16:2374-2388. [PMID: 32186959 PMCID: PMC7644206 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2020.1730658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycosylation is an important post-translational modification, giving rise to a diverse and abundant repertoire of glycans on the cell surface, collectively known as the glycome. When focusing on immunity, glycans are indispensable in virtually all signaling and cell-cell interactions. More specifically, glycans have been shown to regulate key pathophysiological steps within T cell biology such as T cell development, thymocyte selection, T cell activity and signaling as well as T cell differentiation and proliferation. They are of major importance in determining the interaction of human T cells with tumor cells. In this review, we will describe the role of glycosylation of human T cells in more depth, elaborate on the importance of glycosylation in the interaction of human T cells with tumor cells and discuss the potential of cancer immunotherapies that are based on manipulating the glycome functions at the tumor immune interface.1,2
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Affiliation(s)
- Elien De Bousser
- VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology , Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Ghent University , Ghent, Belgium
| | - Leander Meuris
- VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology , Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Ghent University , Ghent, Belgium
| | - Nico Callewaert
- VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology , Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Ghent University , Ghent, Belgium
| | - Nele Festjens
- VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology , Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Ghent University , Ghent, Belgium
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