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Bangsuwan P, Hirunwidchayarat W, Jirawechwongsakul P, Talungchit S, Taebunpakul P. Expression of Cathepsin B and Cystatin A in Oral Lichen Planus. J Int Soc Prev Community Dent 2021; 11:566-573. [PMID: 34760802 PMCID: PMC8533036 DOI: 10.4103/jispcd.jispcd_97_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Cathepsin B (Cat-B), a cysteine protease, and cystatin A (Cys-A), a protease inhibitor, are involved in the immune response. This study determined Cat-B and Cys-A expression in oral lichen planus (OLP) by immunohistochemistry. Materials and Methods: Thirty specimens each of OLP and healthy gingiva (HG) were included. The expression pattern, the number of positive cells, the staining intensity, and the immunoreactive score (IRS) of Cat-B and Cys-A were investigated. The data were analyzed by using unpaired t-test, Chi-square, and Spearman’s rank correlation. Results: The Cat-B expression in OLP was observed as cytoplasmic staining in the epithelial cells, whereas Cys-A expression was exhibited in the nucleus and cytoplasm of the epithelium. An increase in Cat-B staining intensity was also observed in the basal cells. Conversely, the high staining intensity of Cys-A was observed in the stratum spinosum, but not the stratum basale. In HG, Cat-B expression demonstrated a relatively consistent intensity in the epithelial layer. The Cys-A expression in HG was similar to OLP with a lower staining intensity. The mean percentage of positive cells and the IRS score of Cat-B and Cys-A in OLP were significantly higher than HG (P < 0.05). There was no correlation between Cat-B and Cys-A levels in OLP. Interestingly, Cat-B expression in erosive OLP was greater than in non-erosive OLP (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The Cat-B and Cys-A expression in OLP was more outstanding than in HG, suggesting possible roles for the process of OLP pathogenesis. In addition, Cat-B expression may be an indicator of the disease severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pear Bangsuwan
- Department of Oral Surgery and Oral Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Worawalun Hirunwidchayarat
- Department of Oral Surgery and Oral Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Pimporn Jirawechwongsakul
- Department of Oral Surgery and Oral Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sineepat Talungchit
- Department of Oral Surgery and Oral Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Patrayu Taebunpakul
- Department of Oral Surgery and Oral Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Zhang Z, Yue P, Lu T, Wang Y, Wei Y, Wei X. Role of lysosomes in physiological activities, diseases, and therapy. J Hematol Oncol 2021; 14:79. [PMID: 33990205 PMCID: PMC8120021 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-021-01087-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Long known as digestive organelles, lysosomes have now emerged as multifaceted centers responsible for degradation, nutrient sensing, and immunity. Growing evidence also implicates role of lysosome-related mechanisms in pathologic process. In this review, we discuss physiological function of lysosomes and, more importantly, how the homeostasis of lysosomes is disrupted in several diseases, including atherosclerosis, neurodegenerative diseases, autoimmune disorders, pancreatitis, lysosomal storage disorders, and malignant tumors. In atherosclerosis and Gaucher disease, dysfunction of lysosomes changes cytokine secretion from macrophages, partially through inflammasome activation. In neurodegenerative diseases, defect autophagy facilitates accumulation of toxic protein and dysfunctional organelles leading to neuron death. Lysosomal dysfunction has been demonstrated in pathology of pancreatitis. Abnormal autophagy activation or inhibition has been revealed in autoimmune disorders. In tumor microenvironment, malignant phenotypes, including tumorigenesis, growth regulation, invasion, drug resistance, and radiotherapy resistance, of tumor cells and behaviors of tumor-associated macrophages, fibroblasts, dendritic cells, and T cells are also mediated by lysosomes. Based on these findings, a series of therapeutic methods targeting lysosomal proteins and processes have been developed from bench to bedside. In a word, present researches corroborate lysosomes to be pivotal organelles for understanding pathology of atherosclerosis, neurodegenerative diseases, autoimmune disorders, pancreatitis, and lysosomal storage disorders, and malignant tumors and developing novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziqi Zhang
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan People’s Republic of China
| | - Pengfei Yue
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan People’s Republic of China
| | - Tianqi Lu
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan People’s Republic of China
| | - Yang Wang
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuquan Wei
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiawei Wei
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan People’s Republic of China
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Zhang G, Fan E, Zhong Q, Feng G, Shuai Y, Wu M, Chen Q, Gou X. Identification and potential mechanisms of a 4-lncRNA signature that predicts prognosis in patients with laryngeal cancer. Hum Genomics 2019; 13:36. [PMID: 31416476 PMCID: PMC6694645 DOI: 10.1186/s40246-019-0230-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study aimed to describe the use of a novel 4-lncRNA signature to predict prognosis in patients with laryngeal cancer and to explore its possible mechanisms. Methods We identified lncRNAs that were differentially expressed between 111 tumor tissue samples and 12 matched normal tissue samples from The Cancer Genome Atlas Database (TCGA). We used Cox regression analysis to identify lncRNAs that were correlated with prognosis. A 4-lncRNA signature was developed to predict the prognosis of patients with laryngeal cancer. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and area under the curve (AUC) were used to verify the validity of this Cox regression model, and an independent prognosis analysis was used to confirm that the 4-lncRNA signature was an independent prognostic factor. Furthermore, the function of these lncRNAs was inferred using related gene prediction and Gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis in order to clarify the possible mechanisms underlying their predictive ability. Results In total, 214 differentially expressed lncRNAs were identified, and a 4-lncRNA signature was constructed using Cox survival analysis. The risk coefficients in the multivariate Cox analysis revealed that LINC02154 and MNX1-AS1 are risk factors for laryngeal cancer, whereas MYHAS and LINC01281 appear to be protective factors. The results of a functional annotation analysis suggested that the mechanisms by which these lncRNAs influence prognosis in laryngeal cancer may involve the extracellular exosome, the Notch signaling pathway, voltage-gated calcium channels, and the Wnt signaling pathway. Conclusion We identified a novel 4-lncRNA signature that can predict the prognosis of patients with laryngeal cancer and that may influence the prognosis of laryngeal cancer by regulating immunity, tumor apoptosis, metastasis, invasion, and other characteristics through the Notch signaling pathway, voltage-gated calcium channels, and the Wnt signaling pathway. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s40246-019-0230-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guihai Zhang
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, Guizhou Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Erxi Fan
- Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, Guizhou Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiuyue Zhong
- Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, Guizhou Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangyong Feng
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, Guizhou Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Shuai
- Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, Guizhou Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingna Wu
- Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, Guizhou Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiying Chen
- Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, Guizhou Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoxia Gou
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, Guizhou Province, People's Republic of China.
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Komura T, Takabatake H, Harada K, Yamato M, Miyazawa M, Yoshida K, Honda M, Wada T, Kitagawa H, Ohta T, Kaneko S, Sakai Y. Clinical features of cystatin A expression in patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Cancer Sci 2017; 108:2122-2129. [PMID: 28898495 PMCID: PMC5666027 DOI: 10.1111/cas.13396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2017] [Revised: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is the most lethal malignancy known, with an extremely poor prognosis due to the lack of an efficient diagnostic scheme and no radical treatment option, except surgery. Therefore, understanding the pathophysiology of, and finding a novel biomarker to detect, PDAC should be prioritized. We observed an increase in mRNA expression of the cysteine protease inhibitor cystatin A (CSTA) in CD4+ T cells in peripheral blood cells of nine patients with PDAC, compared with the expression in seven healthy volunteers. Moreover, we confirmed significantly higher CSTA mRNA expression in a larger cohort of 41 patients with PDAC compared with that in 20 healthy volunteers. Correspondingly, the serum CSTA concentrations in 36 patients with PDAC were higher than those in 37 healthy volunteers, and this increase was correlated with PDAC clinical stage. Furthermore, the expression of CSTA and cathepsin B, which is a lysosomal cysteine protease inhibited by CSTA, was observed in tumor tissues and tumor‐infiltrating immune cells in 20 surgically resected PDAC tissues by immunohistochemical staining. Expression of CSTA was detected in some tumor tissues and many tumor‐infiltrating immune cells. Cathepsin B expression was also observed in most tumor tissues and tumor‐infiltrating immune cells. In conclusion, CSTA and its substrate cathepsin B are involved in PDAC‐related inflammation. The increment of CSTA expression in peripheral blood of patients with PDAC may have a potential role as a PDAC immunopathologic biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Komura
- Department of System Biology, Graduate School of Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Hisashi Takabatake
- Department of System Biology, Graduate School of Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan.,Department of Gastroenterology, Kanazawa University Hospital, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Kenichi Harada
- Department of Human Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Yamato
- Department of System Biology, Graduate School of Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Masaki Miyazawa
- Department of System Biology, Graduate School of Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Keiko Yoshida
- Department of System Biology, Graduate School of Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Masao Honda
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kanazawa University Hospital, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Takashi Wada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Hirohisa Kitagawa
- Department of Gastroenterologic Surgery, Kanazawa University Hospital, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Ohta
- Department of Gastroenterologic Surgery, Kanazawa University Hospital, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Shuichi Kaneko
- Department of System Biology, Graduate School of Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan.,Department of Gastroenterology, Kanazawa University Hospital, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Yoshio Sakai
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kanazawa University Hospital, Kanazawa, Japan.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
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Kudo I, Esumi M, Kusumi Y, Furusaka T, Oshima T. Particular gene upregulation and p53 heterogeneous expression in TP53-mutated maxillary carcinoma. Oncol Lett 2017; 14:4633-4640. [PMID: 29085461 PMCID: PMC5649615 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.6751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been demonstrated that tumor protein p53 (TP53) mutation in maxillary squamous cell carcinoma, is more treatment-resistant compared with the carcinoma without TP53 mutation. However, the association between TP53 mutation and treatment resistance remains unclear. As a first step in understanding the biological differences between tumors with and without TP53 mutation, a comprehensive gene expression analysis of maxillary squamous cell carcinoma with or without TP53 mutation was performed. A total of 42 genes were identified to be differentially expressed by >4-fold. Quantification of their mRNA using quantitative polymerase chain reaction indicated 18 genes with high expression and three genes with low expression in TP53 mutated tumors vs. TP53 wild-type tumors. The 18 genes included eight cell adhesion (DSC3, GRHL1, EPPK1, PROM2, ANXA8, DSP, JUP, and KRT6B) and four cell growth inhibition (SFN, CLCA2, SAMD9 and TP63) genes. Among these genes, DSC3, SFN, and CSTA, whose expression was markedly increased, also demonstrated high protein expression in immunohistochemical staining of TP53 mutated tumors. The TP53 mutated tumors demonstrated high nuclear staining of the TP53 protein only in tumor cells at the tumor margins adjacent to the stroma, whereas the tumor interior was negative for TP53. However, all tumor cells of TP53 wild-type tumors exhibited positive nuclear staining for the TP53 protein. The combined findings suggest that TP53 mutated tumors possess a phenotype opposite to that associated with cancer progression and malignant transformation, and exhibit tumor cell heterogeneity between the tumor interior and margins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Itsuhiro Kudo
- Department of Pathology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan
| | - Mariko Esumi
- Department of Pathology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Kusumi
- Department of Pathology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan
| | - Tohru Furusaka
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan
| | - Takeshi Oshima
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan
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Ruan J, Zheng H, Rong X, Rong X, Zhang J, Fang W, Zhao P, Luo R. Over-expression of cathepsin B in hepatocellular carcinomas predicts poor prognosis of HCC patients. Mol Cancer 2016; 15:17. [PMID: 26896959 PMCID: PMC4761221 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-016-0503-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Several studies have found that Cathepsin B (CTSB) is up-regulated in many tumor types and facilitates tumor progression. However, the role of CTSB in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) progression remains unclear. This study was aimed at investigating the expression and role of CTSB in HCC in a large set of samples and cell lines (MHCC-97H and MHCC-97 L), and evaluating the clinical and prognostic significance of CTSB protein in patients with HCC. Methods The expression of CTSB was examined in HCC tissue and cell lines by Western-blotting, Real-time PCR, and immunohistochemical staining. Wound healing assay and invasion assay were used to verify the effect of CTSB on the migration and invasion ability of HCC cell lines. Tumor formation assay in nude mice was used to analyze the effect of CTSB on the tumorigenicity of HCC cell lines. Results The status of CTSB protein in carcinoma tissues is much higher than that in paracarcinoma tissues. The overall survival of the patients with high CTSB expression was significantly shorter than the low CTSB expression group. High CTSB expression was significantly correlated with advanced clinical staging, histological grade, and tumor recurrence. In vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrated that over-expression of CTSB in MHCC-97 L cells promoted cell invasion and tumor progression ability. Down-regulation of CTSB in MHCC-97H showed the opposite effects. These phenotypic changes caused by CTSB knockdown or over-expression correlated with expression of the matrix metallopeptidase MMP-9. Moreover, multivariate analysis suggested that CTSB expression might be an independent prognostic indicator for the survival of HCC patients after curative surgery. Conclusions CTSB might be involved in the development and progression of HCC as an oncogene, and thereby may be a valuable prognostic marker for HCC patients. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12943-016-0503-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Ruan
- Cancer Center, Traditional Chinese Medicine-Integrated Hospital, Southern medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Haiyan Zheng
- The Institute of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510315, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiaodong Rong
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510000, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiaomin Rong
- Department of pharmacy, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510000, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Junyi Zhang
- Cancer Center, Traditional Chinese Medicine-Integrated Hospital, Southern medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Weijia Fang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Peng Zhao
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Rongcheng Luo
- Cancer Center, Traditional Chinese Medicine-Integrated Hospital, Southern medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China.
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Cai Y, Li J, Lu A, Zhong W, Gao J, Zheng Y, Zeng H, Wang W, Tang M. Increased serum levels of macrophage inflammatory protein-3α and cystatin a predict a poor prognosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Medicine (Baltimore) 2014; 93:e123. [PMID: 25396333 PMCID: PMC4616319 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000000123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was aimed to investigate the roles of serum macrophage inflammatory protein-3α (MIP-3α) and cystatin A in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) prognosis.The serum levels of MIP-3α and cystatin A in 140 primary NPC patients without distant metastasis were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay before and after treatment. The results were compared with those in 100 healthy controls. The log-rank test was used to compare survival curves of the 2 groups. Multivariate analysis of prognostic factors used Cox proportional hazards regression model.Serum levels of MIP-3α and cystatin A in pretreatment patients with NPC were higher than those in healthy controls. Concentrations of these 2 factors in the majority of patients after the therapy decreased to control level. Patients with high serum level of MIP-3α and cystatin A before treatment had poorer overall survival (OS), local recurrence-free survival, and distant metastasis-free survival than the ones with low level. In addition, serum pretreatment MIP-3α and cystatin A levels were independent prognostic factors for OS and distant metastasis-free survival of NPC patients; serum posttreatment MIP-3α and cystatin A levels were independent prognostic factors of local recurrence-free survival.Our results revealed that serum MIP-3α and cystatin A may be promising candidate prognostic factors for NPC, and higher serum levels of MIP-3α and cystatin A correlate with shorter probability of OS, local recurrence, and distant metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonglin Cai
- Wuzhou Health System Key Laboratory for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Etiology and Molecular Mechanism (YC, JL, AL, YZ, HZ, MT); Clinical Laboratory (YC, JL, AL); Department of Radiation Oncology (WZ, JG), Wuzhou Red Cross Hospital, Wuzhou, Guangxi; Second People's Hospital of Zhuhai (WW), Zhuhai, Guangdong; and College of Life Science and Bioengineering (MT), Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China
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Discovery in genetic skin disease: the impact of high throughput genetic technologies. Genes (Basel) 2014; 5:615-34. [PMID: 25093584 PMCID: PMC4198921 DOI: 10.3390/genes5030615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2014] [Revised: 07/07/2014] [Accepted: 07/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The last decade has seen considerable advances in our understanding of the genetic basis of skin disease, as a consequence of high throughput sequencing technologies including next generation sequencing and whole exome sequencing. We have now determined the genes underlying several monogenic diseases, such as harlequin ichthyosis, Olmsted syndrome, and exfoliative ichthyosis, which have provided unique insights into the structure and function of the skin. In addition, through genome wide association studies we now have an understanding of how low penetrance variants contribute to inflammatory skin diseases such as psoriasis vulgaris and atopic dermatitis, and how they contribute to underlying pathophysiological disease processes. In this review we discuss strategies used to unravel the genes underlying both monogenic and complex trait skin diseases in the last 10 years and the implications on mechanistic studies, diagnostics, and therapeutics.
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Li Y, Lu J, Peng Z, Tan G, Liu N, Huang D, Zhang Z, Duan C, Tang X, Tang F. N,N'-dinitrosopiperazine-mediated AGR2 is involved in metastasis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. PLoS One 2014; 9:e92081. [PMID: 24717913 PMCID: PMC3981702 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0092081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2013] [Accepted: 02/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) has a high metastatic character in the clinic, but its mechanism is not clear. As a carcinogen with organ specificity for the nasopharyngeal epithelium, N,N'-Dinitrosopiperazine (DNP) is involved in NPC metastasis. Herein, our data revealed that anterior gradient 2 (AGR2) was overexpressed in human NPC tissues, particularly in cervical lymph node metastatic NPC (LMNPC). High AGR2 expression was associated with NPC metastasis. Importantly, DNP induced AGR2 expression, and increased cell motility and invasion in the NPC cell line 6-10B. However, DNP-mediated cell motility and invasion was dramatically decreased when transfected with siRNA-AGR2. Further, AGR2 directly regulated cathepsin (CTS) B and D by binding them in vitro. These results indicate that DNP induces AGR2 expression, regulates CTSB and CTSD, increases cell motility and invasion, and promotes NPC tumor metastasis. Therefore, DNP-mediated AGR2 expression may be an important factor in prolific NPC metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuejin Li
- Clinical Laboratory and Medical Research Center, Zhuhai Hospital, Jinan University, Zhuhai People’s Hospital, Zhuhai, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jinping Lu
- Clinical Laboratory and Medical Research Center, Zhuhai Hospital, Jinan University, Zhuhai People’s Hospital, Zhuhai, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhengke Peng
- Clinical Laboratory and Medical Research Center, Zhuhai Hospital, Jinan University, Zhuhai People’s Hospital, Zhuhai, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Gongjun Tan
- Clinical Laboratory and Medical Research Center, Zhuhai Hospital, Jinan University, Zhuhai People’s Hospital, Zhuhai, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Na Liu
- Medical Research Center and Clinical Laboratory, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Damao Huang
- Medical Research Center and Clinical Laboratory, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhenlin Zhang
- Clinical Laboratory and Medical Research Center, Zhuhai Hospital, Jinan University, Zhuhai People’s Hospital, Zhuhai, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chaojun Duan
- Medical Research Center and Clinical Laboratory, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaowei Tang
- Metallurgical Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
| | - Faqing Tang
- Clinical Laboratory and Medical Research Center, Zhuhai Hospital, Jinan University, Zhuhai People’s Hospital, Zhuhai, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
- * E-mail:
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Li Y, Liu N, Huang D, Zhang Z, Peng Z, Duan C, Tang X, Tan G, Yan G, Mei W, Tang F. Proteomic analysis on N, N'-dinitrosopiperazine-mediated metastasis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma 6-10B cells. BMC BIOCHEMISTRY 2012; 13:25. [PMID: 23157228 PMCID: PMC3570300 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2091-13-25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2012] [Accepted: 11/16/2012] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) has a high metastatic feature. N,N'-Dinitrosopiperazine (DNP) is involved in NPC metastasis, but its mechanism is not clear. The aim of this study is to reveal the pathogenesis of DNP-involved metastasis. 6-10B cells with low metastasis are from NPC cell line SUNE-1, were used to investigate the mechanism of DNP-mediated NPC metastasis. RESULTS 6-10B cells were grown in DMEM containing 2H4-L-lysine and 13C 6 15 N4-L-arginine or conventional L-lysine and L-arginine, and identified the incorporation of amino acid by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Labeled 6-10B cells were treated with DNP at 0 -18 μM to establish the non-cytotoxic concentration (NCC) range. NCC was 0 -10 μM. Following treatment with DNP at this range, the motility and invasion of cells were detected in vitro, and DNP-mediated metastasis was confirmed in the nude mice. DNP increased 6-10B cell metastasis in vitro and vivo. DNP-induced protein expression was investigated using a quantitative proteomic. The SILAC-based approach quantified 2698 proteins, 371 of which showed significant change after DNP treatment (172 up-regulated and 199 down-regulated proteins). DNP induced the change in abundance of mitochondrial proteins, mediated the status of oxidative stress and the imbalance of redox state, increased cytoskeletal protein, cathepsin, anterior gradient-2, and clusterin expression. DNP also increased the expression of secretory AKR1B10, cathepsin B and clusterin 6-10B cells. Gene Ontology and Ingenuity Pathway analysis showed that DNP may regulate protein synthesis, cellular movement, lipid metabolism, molecular transport, cellular growth and proliferation signaling pathways. CONCLUSION DNP may regulate cytoskeletal protein, cathepsin, anterior gradient-2, and clusterin expression, increase NPC cells motility and invasion, is involved NPC metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuejin Li
- Zhuhai Hospital, Jinan University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
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