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Lu C, Zhao H, Luo C, Lei T, Zhang M. Knockdown of ferritin heavy chain (FTH) inhibits the migration of prostate cancer through reducing S100A4, S100A2, and S100P expression. Transl Cancer Res 2020; 9:5418-5429. [PMID: 35117907 PMCID: PMC8797967 DOI: 10.21037/tcr-19-2852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ferritin plays a key role in the development of prostate cancer (PCa). Our earlier studies showed that the knockdown of ferritin heavy chain (FTH) suppressed the migration and invasion of the prostate cancer cell line (PC3). However, the mechanisms behind FTH in the cell migration regulation of PCa have not been thoroughly investigated. METHODS Isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) proteomics was used to analyze the protein expression in PC3 cells with FTH knockdown by small interfering RNAs and negative control cells. We subsequently ranked the differentially expressed proteins according to the change in expression. We further performed Gene Ontology (GO) analysis for the changing-expression protein. Finally, Western blot analysis was performed to determine the expression of the target protein. RESULTS Compared with the negative group, 420 proteins were downregulated, including proteins S100A4, S100P, and S100A2, while the expression of 442 protein was elevated in FTH-silencing PC3 cells (P<0.05, fold change >1.2). The mass spectrometry results showing decreased expression of protein S100A4, S100P, and S100A2 in the cells were further validated by Western blot (P<0.05). Levels of protein S100A4, S100A2, and S100P were reduced in FTH-silencing PC3 cells (P<0.05, fold change >1.6). CONCLUSIONS The downregulation of FTH expression reduced the level of protein S100A4, S100A2, and S100P, which all play a key role in the migration and invasion of tumor cells. Therefore, it is reasonable to assume that there are correlations between the expression of the S100A4, S100A2, and S100P genes with FTH. Based on this research, FTH may be a new biomarker for the diagnosis of PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuixiu Lu
- Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Peking University Ninth School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Huijun Zhao
- Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Chenshuo Luo
- Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Peking University Ninth School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Ting Lei
- Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Man Zhang
- Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Peking University Ninth School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing, China.,Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Urinary Cellular Molecular Diagnostics, Beijing, China
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Effect of shRNA-mediated regulation of S100A4 gene expression on proliferation and apoptosis of KLE endometrial cancer cells. Clin Transl Oncol 2020; 23:148-154. [PMID: 32472453 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-020-02406-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/16/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the effect of shRNA-regulated S100A4 expression on the proliferation and apoptosis in KLE endometrial cancer cells. METHODS S100A4-OVER and S100A4-shRNA were transfected into KLE endometrial cancer cells using lentiviral sh-RNA technology. Passive OVER-NC cell line and shRNA-NC cell line were used as a negative control group and non-transfected Control cell line as a blank control group. After 48 h of transfection, the expressions of S100A4 and protein were detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR and Western blotting, respectively. CCK-8 detection and flow cytometer were used to detect cell proliferation and apoptosis, respectively. RESULTS Compared with the normal control group and the negative control group, the transfection efficiency and shRNA targeting of the shRNA-interfered S100A4 gene were verified at the levels of mRNA and protein expression. The expression of the disrupted S100A4 gene at S100A4 mRNA and protein levels in endometrial cancer cells was determined. The proliferation efficiency of KLE cells in S100A4-OVER group was significantly higher than that in other four groups; the proliferation rate of S100A4-shRNA cells decreased slightly;, the apoptotic rate of KLE cells in S100A4-shRNA group increased significantly, and the apoptotic rate of KLE cells in S100A4-OVER group decreased compared with NC group. CONCLUSION Specific regulation of S100A4 gene expression:, the enhanced expression of the S100A4 gene may promote the proliferation of KLE endometrial cancer cells; the inhibited expression of the S100A4 gene may promote the apoptosis of KLE endometrial cancer cells. S100A4 expression is closely related to the biological characteristics of endometrial cancer.
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Alanazi B, Munje CR, Rastogi N, Williamson AJK, Taylor S, Hole PS, Hodges M, Doyle M, Baker S, Gilkes AF, Knapper S, Pierce A, Whetton AD, Darley RL, Tonks A. Integrated nuclear proteomics and transcriptomics identifies S100A4 as a therapeutic target in acute myeloid leukemia. Leukemia 2020; 34:427-440. [PMID: 31611628 PMCID: PMC6995695 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-019-0596-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Revised: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Inappropriate localization of proteins can interfere with normal cellular function and drive tumor development. To understand how this contributes to the development of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), we compared the nuclear proteome and transcriptome of AML blasts with normal human CD34+ cells. Analysis of the proteome identified networks and processes that significantly affected transcription regulation including misexpression of 11 transcription factors with seven proteins not previously implicated in AML. Transcriptome analysis identified changes in 40 transcription factors but none of these were predictive of changes at the protein level. The highest differentially expressed protein in AML nuclei compared with normal CD34+ nuclei (not previously implicated in AML) was S100A4. In an extended cohort, we found that over-expression of nuclear S100A4 was highly prevalent in AML (83%; 20/24 AML patients). Knock down of S100A4 in AML cell lines strongly impacted their survival whilst normal hemopoietic stem progenitor cells were unaffected. These data are the first analysis of the nuclear proteome in AML and have identified changes in transcription factor expression or regulation of transcription that would not have been seen at the mRNA level. These data also suggest that S100A4 is essential for AML survival and could be a therapeutic target in AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bader Alanazi
- Department of Haematology, Division of Cancer & Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, Wales, UK
| | - Chinmay R Munje
- Department of Haematology, Division of Cancer & Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, Wales, UK
- Paul O'Gorman Leukaemia Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 0ZD, UK
| | - Namrata Rastogi
- Department of Haematology, Division of Cancer & Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, Wales, UK
| | - Andrew J K Williamson
- Stoller Biomarker Discovery Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M20 3LJ, UK
| | - Samuel Taylor
- Stoller Biomarker Discovery Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M20 3LJ, UK
| | - Paul S Hole
- Department of Haematology, Division of Cancer & Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, Wales, UK
| | - Marie Hodges
- Department of Haematology, Division of Cancer & Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, Wales, UK
- Cardiff Experimental and Cancer Medicine Centre (ECMC), School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, Wales, UK
| | - Michelle Doyle
- Department of Haematology, Division of Cancer & Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, Wales, UK
- Cardiff Experimental and Cancer Medicine Centre (ECMC), School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, Wales, UK
| | - Sarah Baker
- Department of Haematology, Division of Cancer & Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, Wales, UK
- Cardiff Experimental and Cancer Medicine Centre (ECMC), School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, Wales, UK
| | - Amanda F Gilkes
- Department of Haematology, Division of Cancer & Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, Wales, UK
- Cardiff Experimental and Cancer Medicine Centre (ECMC), School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, Wales, UK
| | - Steven Knapper
- Department of Haematology, Division of Cancer & Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, Wales, UK
| | - Andrew Pierce
- Stoller Biomarker Discovery Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M20 3LJ, UK
| | - Anthony D Whetton
- Stoller Biomarker Discovery Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M20 3LJ, UK
| | - Richard L Darley
- Department of Haematology, Division of Cancer & Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, Wales, UK
| | - Alex Tonks
- Department of Haematology, Division of Cancer & Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, Wales, UK.
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Tumor-Infiltrated Lymphocytes, Macrophages, and Dendritic Cells in Endometrioid Adenocarcinoma of Corpus Uteri as Potential Prognostic Factors: An Immunohistochemical Study. Int J Gynecol Cancer 2018; 26:1207-12. [PMID: 27465886 DOI: 10.1097/igc.0000000000000758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM In the present study, we aim to investigate the presence of inflammatory immune cells lymphocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells as prognostic factors in the clinical outcome of endometrioid adenocarcinoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study used data from the Belarus cancer registry and archival histological material of 82 patients with stage I to III (International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics, 2009) with retrospectively known good (survival) and poor (disease progression and death) outcomes. All cases were immunohistochemically stained for CD3, CD20, CD57, CD68, and S100. Two independent samples were compared for the characteristics of signs, and obtained results were analyzed by ROC analysis, Mantel-Cox tests. A P value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS Expressions of CD3, CD57, and CD68 were significantly higher in the good outcome group (P < 0.001) compared with the poor outcome group. There was no significant difference between CD20 and S100 in the 2 groups. All criteria showed significant difference (P < 0.001) in survival of patients. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, our study showed for the first time that the low level of expression of markers for tumor-associated T lymphocytes (CD3), NK cells (CD57), macrophages (CD68), and an increased expression of markers for tumor-associated B lymphocytes (CD20) and dendritic cells (S100) in endometrioid adenocarcinoma progression lead to poor survival outcome. The associated criteria of these immune cells may be used as predictive factors in the diagnosis of tumor progression. Our study indicates that local antitumor immune response may be applied to define risk groups to predict clinical outcomes.
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Oh TJ, Oh HI, Seo YY, Jeong D, Kim C, Kang HW, Han YD, Chung HC, Kim NK, An S. Feasibility of quantifying SDC2 methylation in stool DNA for early detection of colorectal cancer. Clin Epigenetics 2017; 9:126. [PMID: 29225717 PMCID: PMC5715626 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-017-0426-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Colorectal cancer (CRC) screening is the most efficient strategy to reduce disease-related mortality. Frequent aberrant DNA methylation is known to occur in selected genes and early during CRC development, which has emerged as a new epigenetic biomarker for early detection of CRC. Previously, we reported that we identified that CpG sites of SDC2 were aberrantly methylated in tumor tissues of most CRC patients through comprehensive methylation analysis and demonstrated a high potential of quantification of SDC2 methylation in blood for early detection of colorectal cancer. In this study, we aim to investigate the feasibility of quantifying SDC2 methylation in stool DNA for the early detection of CRC. The objective of this study was to confirm a high frequency of SDC2 methylation in tumor tissues at various stages of CRC and investigate the feasibility of a quantitative test for SDC2 methylation in fecal DNA by highly sensitive and accurate real-time PCR for early detection of CRC. Methods Bisulfite-pyrosequencing assay was performed to measure the SDC2 methylation status in tissue samples. For methylation analysis in stool DNA, a highly sensitive and accurate method was applied which implements consecutive two rounds of PCR consisting of unidirectional linear target enrichment (LTE) of SDC2 and quantitative methylation-specific real time PCR (qMSP) for SDC2, named as meSDC2 LTE-qMSP assay. Its limit of detection was 0.1% methylation (corresponding to ~ 6 copies in total ~ 6200 genome copies). Results Positive SDC2 methylation was observed in 100% of primary tumors, 90.6% of adenomatous polyps, 94.1% of hyperplastic polyps, and 0% of normal tissues. SDC2 methylation level also significantly (P < 0.01) increased according to the severity of lesions. In stool DNA test for SDC2 methylation by LTE-qMSP comparing CRC patients with various stages (I to IV) (n = 50) and precancerous lesions (n = 21) with healthy subjects (n = 22), the overall sensitivity was 90.0% for detecting CRC and 33.3% for detecting small polyps, with a specificity of 90.9%. Conclusions Taken together, our result indicates that stool DNA-based SDC2 methylation test by LTE-qMSP is a potential noninvasive diagnostic tool for early detection of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae Jeong Oh
- Genomictree, Inc, 44-6 Techno 10-ro Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34027 South Korea
| | - Hyun Il Oh
- Genomictree, Inc, 44-6 Techno 10-ro Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34027 South Korea
| | - Yang Yei Seo
- Genomictree, Inc, 44-6 Techno 10-ro Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34027 South Korea
| | - Dongjun Jeong
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, 23-20 Byeongmyeong-dong Dongnam-gu, Cheonan, Chungcheongnam-do 31151 South Korea
| | - Changjin Kim
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, 23-20 Byeongmyeong-dong Dongnam-gu, Cheonan, Chungcheongnam-do 31151 South Korea
| | - Hyoun Woo Kang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, College of Medicine, Dongguk University, 27 Dongguk-ro Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do 10326 South Korea
| | - Yoon Dae Han
- Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722 South Korea
| | - Hyun Cheol Chung
- Yonsei Cancer Center Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722 South Korea
| | - Nam Kyu Kim
- Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722 South Korea
| | - Sungwhan An
- Genomictree, Inc, 44-6 Techno 10-ro Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34027 South Korea
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S100A4 promotes endometrial cancer progress through epithelial-mesenchymal transition regulation. Oncol Rep 2016; 35:3419-26. [PMID: 27109209 DOI: 10.3892/or.2016.4760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a major cause of endometrial cancer (EC) to initiate invasion and metastasis. S100A4, a calcium-binding protein, is implicated in multistage of tumorigenesis and tumor progression. The correlation between S100A4 and EMT in EC is still unclear. This study was aimed to clarify the role of S100A4 in EC and the relationship between S100A4 expression and EMT markers. S100A4, E-cadherin, and vimentin were detected in tissues of EC patients (n=50) by immunohistochemistry. The impact of S100A4 on EC cell proliferation, migration and invasion was investigated via RNA interference, and the correlation between S100A4 and EMT markers were also explored. The results showed that S100A4 was significantly increased in epithelial cells of EC compared with the normal endometrium (P<0.05), also S100A4 level was positively related to age (P=0.021), histological grade (P<0.001), and lymph node metastasis (P<0.001). Additionally, silencing of S100A4 remarkably attenuated EC cell migration and invasion. Significant morphological change accompanied with the downregulation of EMT markers, E-cadherin and vimentin were also observed. Aberrant S100A4 expression may predict EC progression and play an important role in regulating EC cell invasion through EMT regulation. Hence, S100A4 is a promising therapeutic target.
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Knockdown of S100A4 impairs arecoline-induced invasiveness of oral squamous cell carcinomas. Oral Oncol 2015; 51:690-7. [PMID: 25912158 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2015.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2014] [Revised: 02/02/2015] [Accepted: 04/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Metastasis is the most common cause of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC)-related death. The physiological function of S100A4 in the pathogenesis of areca quid chewing-associated OSCC has not been uncovered. METHOD OSCC tissues from areca quid chewers were analyzed by immunohistochemistry for S100A4 expression. The functions of S100A4 in invasiveness of arecoline-treated oral epithelial (OE) cells were determined by loss function approaches. RESULTS Expression of S100A4 was positively correlated with clinical grading and lymph node metastasis of OSCC. Upregulated S100A4 is correlated with poor survival outcome of OSCC patients. Arecoline led to dose-dependent elevation of S100A4 expression in oral epithelial (OE) cells. Down-regulation of S100A4 significantly reversed arecoline-induced oncogenecity in OE cells. The additions of pharmacological agents LY294002, SP600125, and CAY10585 were found to inhibit arecoline-induced S100A4 expression in OE cells. CONCLUSION Arecoline-induced S100A4 expression was down-regulated by LY294002, SP600125, or CAY10585 treatment. Targeting S100A4 might offer a new strategy for the treatment of OSCC patients with metastasis.
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Park SY, Kim HM, Koo JS. Differential expression of cancer-associated fibroblast-related proteins according to molecular subtype and stromal histology in breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2015; 149:727-41. [PMID: 25667103 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-015-3291-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2014] [Accepted: 01/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study aimed to investigate the clinicopathologic characteristics of breast cancer according to its cancer-associated fibroblast (CAF) phenotype. Immunohistochemistry staining of estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER-2), Ki-67, podoplanin, prolyl 4-hydroxylase, fibroblast activation protein alpha (FAPα), S100A4, platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha (PDGFRα), PDGFRβ, and chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan (NG2) was performed on tissue microarray consisting of 642 breast cancer cases. Samples were categorized into luminal A, luminal B, HER-2, or triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) according to immunohistochemical results, whereas tumor stroma was classified into desmoplastic, sclerotic, normal-like, or inflammatory type based on histological findings. Expression of CAF-related proteins in the stroma differed depending on breast cancer molecular subtypes. All CAF-related protein expression was high (p < 0.05) in HER-2 type, whereas in luminal A, the expression of FAPα, PDGFα, PDGFβ, and NG2 was low, and in TNBC, the expression of podoplanin, prolyl 4-hydroxylase, and S100A4 was low. In the stromal component, CAF-related protein expression differed according to stromal phenotype (p < 0.001). The desmoplastic type showed high expression of podoplanin, prolyl 4-hydroxylase, S100A4, PDGFRα, and PDGFRβ, whereas the sclerotic type exhibited low expression of FAPα, PDGFα, PDGFβ, and NG2. The inflammatory type had high expression of FAPα and NG2 with low podoplanin, while normal-like type showed low expression of prolyl 4-hydroxylase and S100A4. Our results suggested that differential CAF-related protein expression depended on the molecular subtypes and stromal histologic features of breast cancer, indicating that in the future, this system could potentially use these markers for prognosis prediction and targeted therapy of breast cancer.
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