1
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Othman J, Meggendorfer M, Tiacci E, Thiede C, Schlenk R, Dillon R, Stasik S, Venanzi A, Bertoli S, Delabesse E, Dumas PY, Pigneux A, Bidet A, Gilkes AF, Thomas I, Voso MT, Rambaldi A, Brunetti L, Perriello VM, Andresen V, Gjertsen BT, Martelli MP, Récher C, Röllig C, Bornhäuser M, Serve H, Müller-Tidow C, Baldus CD, Haferlach T, Russell N, Falini B. Overlapping features of therapy-related and de novo NPM1-mutated AML. Blood 2023; 141:1846-1857. [PMID: 36508705 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2022018108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
NPM 1-mutated acute myeloid leukemia (AML) shows unique features. However, the characteristics of "therapy-related" NPM1-mutated AML (t-NPM1 AML) are poorly understood. We compared the genetics, transcriptional profile, and clinical outcomes of t-NPM1 AML, de novo NPM1-mutated AML (dn-NPM1 AML), and therapy-related AML (t-AML) with wild-type NPM1 (t-AML). Normal karyotype was more frequent in t-NPM1 AML (n = 78/96, 88%) and dn-NPM1 (n = 1986/2394, 88%) than in t-AML (n = 103/390, 28%; P < .001). DNMT3A and TET2 were mutated in 43% and 40% of t-NPM1 AML (n = 107), similar to dn-NPM1 (n = 88, 48% and 30%; P > 0.1), but more frequently than t-AML (n = 162; 14% and 10%; P < 0.001). Often mutated in t-AML, TP53 and PPM1D were wild-type in 97% and 96% of t-NPM1 AML, respectively. t-NPM1 and dn-NPM1 AML were transcriptionally similar, (including HOX genes upregulation). At 62 months of median follow-up, the 3-year overall survival (OS) for t-NPM1 AML (n = 96), dn-NPM1 AML (n = 2394), and t-AML (n = 390) were 54%, 60%, and 31%, respectively. In multivariable analysis, OS was similar for the NPM1-mutated groups (hazard ratio [HR] 0.9; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.65-1.25; P = .45), but better in t-NPM1 AML than in t-AML (HR, 1.86; 95% CI, 1.30-2.68; P < .001). Relapse-free survival was similar between t-NPM1 and dn-NPM1 AML (HR, 1.02; 95% CI, 0.72-1.467; P = .90), but significantly higher in t-NPM1 AML versus t-AML (HR, 1.77; 95% CI, 1.19-2.64; P = .0045). t-NPM1 and dn-NPM1 AML have overlapping features, suggesting that they should be classified as a single disease entity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jad Othman
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, King's College, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Haematology, Guy's and St Thomas Hospitals NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Enrico Tiacci
- Institute of Hematology and Center for Hemato-Oncology Research (CREO), Department of Medicine and Surgery, University and Hospital of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Christian Thiede
- University Hospital, Medical Clinic I, Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany
| | - Richard Schlenk
- Department of Hematology/Oncology and NCT Trial Center, Heidelberg University Hospital, and German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Richard Dillon
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, King's College, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Haematology, Guy's and St Thomas Hospitals NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sebastian Stasik
- University Hospital, Medical Clinic I, Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany
| | - Alessandra Venanzi
- Institute of Hematology and Center for Hemato-Oncology Research (CREO), Department of Medicine and Surgery, University and Hospital of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Sarah Bertoli
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse Oncopole, Toulouse, France
| | - Eric Delabesse
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse Oncopole, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Arnaud Pigneux
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Audrey Bidet
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Amanda F Gilkes
- Department of Hematology and Centre for Trials Research, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Ian Thomas
- Department of Hematology and Centre for Trials Research, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | | | - Alessandro Rambaldi
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, University of Milan and Azienda Socio-Sanitaria Territoriale Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy
| | | | - Vincenzo M Perriello
- Institute of Hematology and Center for Hemato-Oncology Research (CREO), Department of Medicine and Surgery, University and Hospital of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Vibeke Andresen
- Department of Clinical Science, Centre for Cancer Biomarkers, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Bjorn T Gjertsen
- Department of Clinical Science, Centre for Cancer Biomarkers, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Maria Paola Martelli
- Institute of Hematology and Center for Hemato-Oncology Research (CREO), Department of Medicine and Surgery, University and Hospital of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Christian Récher
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse Oncopole, Toulouse, France
| | - Christoph Röllig
- University Hospital, Medical Clinic I, Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany
| | - Martin Bornhäuser
- University Hospital, Medical Clinic I, Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany
| | - Hubert Serve
- Department of Medicine, Hematology/Oncology, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Carsten Müller-Tidow
- Department of Hematology/Oncology and NCT Trial Center, Heidelberg University Hospital, and German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | | | - Nigel Russell
- Department of Haematology, Guy's and St Thomas Hospitals NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
- Nottingham University, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Brunangelo Falini
- Institute of Hematology and Center for Hemato-Oncology Research (CREO), Department of Medicine and Surgery, University and Hospital of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
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2
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Rastogi N, Gonzalez JBM, Srivastava VK, Alanazi B, Alanazi RN, Hughes OM, O'Neill NS, Gilkes AF, Ashley N, Deshpande S, Andrews R, Mead A, Rodrigues NP, Knapper S, Darley RL, Tonks A. Nuclear factor I-C overexpression promotes monocytic development and cell survival in acute myeloid leukemia. Leukemia 2023; 37:276-287. [PMID: 36572750 PMCID: PMC9898032 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-022-01801-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Nuclear factor I-C (NFIC) belongs to a family of NFI transcription factors that binds to DNA through CAATT-boxes and are involved in cellular differentiation and stem cell maintenance. Here we show NFIC protein is significantly overexpressed in 69% of acute myeloid leukemia patients. Examination of the functional consequences of NFIC overexpression in HSPCs showed that this protein promoted monocytic differentiation. Single-cell RNA sequencing analysis further demonstrated that NFIC overexpressing monocytes had increased expression of growth and survival genes. In contrast, depletion of NFIC through shRNA decreased cell growth, increased cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in AML cell lines and AML patient blasts. Further, in AML cell lines (THP-1), bulk RNA sequencing of NFIC knockdown led to downregulation of genes involved in cell survival and oncogenic signaling pathways including mixed lineage leukemia-1 (MLL-1). Lastly, we show that NFIC knockdown in an ex vivo mouse MLL::AF9 pre-leukemic stem cell model, decreased their growth and colony formation and increased expression of myeloid differentiation markers Gr1 and Mac1. Collectively, our results suggest that NFIC is an important transcription factor in myeloid differentiation as well as AML cell survival and is a potential therapeutic target in AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Namrata Rastogi
- Department of Haematology, Division of Cancer & Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, Wales, UK.
- European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF24 4HQ, Wales, UK.
| | - Juan Bautista Menendez Gonzalez
- European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF24 4HQ, Wales, UK
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Vikas Kumar Srivastava
- Department of Haematology, Division of Cancer & Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, Wales, UK
- Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Bader Alanazi
- Department of Haematology, Division of Cancer & Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, Wales, UK
- Prince Mohammed Medical City, AlJouf, Saudi Arabia
- Research Center, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rehab N Alanazi
- Medical Laboratory Technology Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Northern Border University, Arar, 91431, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Haematology, Division of Cancer & Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, Wales, UK
| | - Owen M Hughes
- Department of Haematology, Division of Cancer & Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, Wales, UK
| | - Niamh S O'Neill
- Department of Haematology, Division of Cancer & Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, Wales, UK
| | - Amanda F Gilkes
- Department of Haematology, Division of Cancer & Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, Wales, UK
- Cardiff Experimental and Cancer Medicine Centre (ECMC), School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, Wales, UK
| | - Neil Ashley
- Haematopoietic Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, Medical Research Council Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Sumukh Deshpande
- Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Robert Andrews
- Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Adam Mead
- Haematopoietic Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, Medical Research Council Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Neil P Rodrigues
- European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF24 4HQ, Wales, UK
| | - Steve Knapper
- Department of Haematology, Division of Cancer & Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, Wales, UK
- Cardiff Experimental and Cancer Medicine Centre (ECMC), School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, Wales, UK
| | - Richard L Darley
- Department of Haematology, Division of Cancer & Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, Wales, UK
| | - Alex Tonks
- Department of Haematology, Division of Cancer & Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, Wales, UK.
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3
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Menezes AC, Jones R, Shrestha A, Nicholson R, Leckenby A, Azevedo A, Davies S, Baker S, Gilkes AF, Darley RL, Tonks A. Increased expression of RUNX3 inhibits normal human myeloid development. Leukemia 2022; 36:1769-1780. [PMID: 35490198 PMCID: PMC9252899 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-022-01577-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
RUNX3 is a transcription factor dysregulated in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). However, its role in normal myeloid development and leukemia is poorly understood. Here we investigate RUNX3 expression in both settings and the impact of its dysregulation on myelopoiesis. We found that RUNX3 mRNA expression was stable during hematopoiesis but decreased with granulocytic differentiation. In AML, RUNX3 mRNA was overexpressed in many disease subtypes, but downregulated in AML with core binding factor abnormalities, such as RUNX1::ETO. Overexpression of RUNX3 in human hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPC) inhibited myeloid differentiation, particularly of the granulocytic lineage. Proliferation and myeloid colony formation were also inhibited. Conversely, RUNX3 knockdown did not impact the myeloid growth and development of human HSPC. Overexpression of RUNX3 in the context of RUNX1::ETO did not rescue the RUNX1::ETO-mediated block in differentiation. RNA-sequencing showed that RUNX3 overexpression downregulates key developmental genes, such as KIT and RUNX1, while upregulating lymphoid genes, such as KLRB1 and TBX21. Overall, these data show that increased RUNX3 expression observed in AML could contribute to the developmental arrest characteristic of this disease, possibly by driving a competing transcriptional program favoring a lymphoid fate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Catarina Menezes
- Department of Haematology, Division of Cancer & Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Rachel Jones
- Department of Haematology, Division of Cancer & Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Alina Shrestha
- Department of Haematology, Division of Cancer & Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Rachael Nicholson
- Department of Haematology, Division of Cancer & Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Adam Leckenby
- Department of Haematology, Division of Cancer & Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Aleksandra Azevedo
- Department of Haematology, Division of Cancer & Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Sara Davies
- Department of Haematology, Division of Cancer & Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Sarah Baker
- Department of Haematology, Division of Cancer & Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK
- Cardiff Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre (ECMC), School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Amanda F Gilkes
- Department of Haematology, Division of Cancer & Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK
- Cardiff Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre (ECMC), School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Richard L Darley
- Department of Haematology, Division of Cancer & Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Alex Tonks
- Department of Haematology, Division of Cancer & Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK.
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4
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Menezes AC, Dixon C, Scholz A, Nicholson R, Leckenby A, Azevedo A, Baker S, Gilkes AF, Davies S, Darley RL, Tonks A. RUNX3 overexpression inhibits normal human erythroid development. Sci Rep 2022; 12:1243. [PMID: 35075235 PMCID: PMC8786893 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-05371-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
RUNX proteins belong to a family of transcription factors essential for cellular proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis with emerging data implicating RUNX3 in haematopoiesis and haematological malignancies. Here we show that RUNX3 plays an important regulatory role in normal human erythropoiesis. The impact of altering RUNX3 expression on erythropoiesis was determined by transducing human CD34+ cells with RUNX3 overexpression or shRNA knockdown vectors. Analysis of RUNX3 mRNA expression showed that RUNX3 levels decreased during erythropoiesis. Functionally, RUNX3 overexpression had a modest impact on early erythroid growth and development. However, in late-stage erythroid development, RUNX3 promoted growth and inhibited terminal differentiation with RUNX3 overexpressing cells exhibiting lower expression of glycophorin A, greater cell size and less differentiated morphology. These results suggest that suppression of RUNX3 is required for normal erythropoiesis. Overexpression of RUNX3 increased colony formation in liquid culture whilst, corresponding RUNX3 knockdown suppressed colony formation but otherwise had little impact. This study demonstrates that the downregulation of RUNX3 observed in normal human erythropoiesis is important in promoting the terminal stages of erythroid development and may further our understanding of the role of this transcription factor in haematological malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Catarina Menezes
- Division of Cancer & Genetics, Department of Haematology, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Christabel Dixon
- Division of Cancer & Genetics, Department of Haematology, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Anna Scholz
- Division of Cancer & Genetics, Department of Haematology, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Rachael Nicholson
- Division of Cancer & Genetics, Department of Haematology, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Adam Leckenby
- Division of Cancer & Genetics, Department of Haematology, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Aleksandra Azevedo
- Division of Cancer & Genetics, Department of Haematology, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Sarah Baker
- Division of Cancer & Genetics, Department of Haematology, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, CF14 4XN, UK.,Cardiff Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre (ECMC), School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Amanda F Gilkes
- Division of Cancer & Genetics, Department of Haematology, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, CF14 4XN, UK.,Cardiff Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre (ECMC), School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Sara Davies
- Division of Cancer & Genetics, Department of Haematology, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Richard L Darley
- Division of Cancer & Genetics, Department of Haematology, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Alex Tonks
- Division of Cancer & Genetics, Department of Haematology, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, CF14 4XN, UK.
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5
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Tiong IS, Dillon R, Ivey A, Kuzich JA, Thiagarajah N, Sharplin KM, Kok CH, Tedjaseputra A, Rowland JP, Grove CS, Abro E, Shortt J, Hiwase DK, Bajel A, Potter NE, Smith ML, Hemmaway CJ, Thomas A, Gilkes AF, Russell NH, Wei AH. Clinical impact of NPM1-mutant molecular persistence after chemotherapy for acute myeloid leukemia. Blood Adv 2021; 5:5107-5111. [PMID: 34555849 PMCID: PMC9153038 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2021005455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Monitoring of NPM1 mutant (NPM1mut) measurable residual disease (MRD) in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) has an established role in patients who are treated with intensive chemotherapy. The European LeukemiaNet has defined molecular persistence at low copy number (MP-LCN) as an MRD transcript level <1% to 2% with a <1-log change between any 2 positive samples collected after the end of treatment (EOT). Because the clinical impact of MP-LCN is unknown, we sought to characterize outcomes in patients with persistent NPM1mut MRD after EOT and identify factors associated with disease progression. Consecutive patients with newly diagnosed NPM1mut AML who received ≥2 cycles of intensive chemotherapy were included if bone marrow was NPM1mut MRD positive at the EOT, and they were not transplanted in first complete remission. One hundred patients were followed for a median of 23.5 months; 42% remained free of progression at 1 year, either spontaneously achieving complete molecular remission (CRMRD-; 30%) or retaining a low-level NPM1mut transcript (12% for ≥12 months and 9% at last follow-up). Forty percent met the criteria for MP-LCN. Preemptive salvage therapy significantly prolonged relapse-free survival. Risk factors associated with disease progression were concurrent FLT3-internal tandem duplication at diagnosis and suboptimal MRD response (NPM1mut reduction <4.4-log) at EOT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ing S. Tiong
- Department of Haematology, The Alfred Hospital and Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Richard Dillon
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, King’s College, London, United Kingdom
- Guy’s Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Adam Ivey
- Department of Haematology, The Alfred Hospital and Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - James A. Kuzich
- Austin Health and Olivia Newton John Cancer Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Nisha Thiagarajah
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Chung Hoow Kok
- Precision Medicine Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | | | | | - Carolyn S. Grove
- Department of Haematology, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital and PathWest, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Emad Abro
- Princess Alexandra Hospital, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
| | - Jake Shortt
- Monash Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Ashish Bajel
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Nicola E. Potter
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, King’s College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew L. Smith
- Department of Haematology, St. Bartholomew’s Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Claire J. Hemmaway
- Department of Haematology, Auckland City Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand; and
| | | | - Amanda F. Gilkes
- Department of Haematology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | | | - Andrew H. Wei
- Department of Haematology, The Alfred Hospital and Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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6
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Rastogi N, Baker S, Man S, Uger RA, Wong M, Coles SJ, Hodges M, Gilkes AF, Knapper S, Darley RL, Tonks A. Use of an anti-CD200-blocking antibody improves immune responses to AML in vitro and in vivo. Br J Haematol 2021; 193:155-159. [PMID: 32996123 PMCID: PMC9851282 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.17125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Treatment of relapsed/resistant acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) remains a significant area of unmet patient need, the outlook for most patients remaining extremely poor. A promising approach is to augment the anti-tumour immune response in these patients; most cancers do not activate immune effector cells because they express immunosuppressive ligands. We have previously shown that CD200 (an immunosuppressive ligand) is overexpressed in AML and confers an inferior overall survival compared to CD200low/neg patients. Here we show that a fully human anti-CD200 antibody (TTI-CD200) can block the interaction of CD200 with its receptor and restore AML immune responses in vitro and in vivo.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Blocking/immunology
- Antibodies, Blocking/pharmacology
- Antigens, CD/drug effects
- Antigens, CD/immunology
- Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological/therapeutic use
- Case-Control Studies
- Cytokine-Induced Killer Cells/immunology
- Humans
- Immunity/drug effects
- Immunity/immunology
- Immunosuppression Therapy/methods
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/immunology
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/mortality
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/therapy
- Ligands
- Mice
- Models, Animal
- Secondary Prevention/methods
- Transplantation, Heterologous/methods
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Affiliation(s)
- Namrata Rastogi
- Department of HaematologyDivision of Cancer & GeneticsSchool of MedicineCardiff UniversityCardiffCF14 4XNUK
- School of BiosciencesEuropean Cancer Stem Cell Research InstituteCardiff UniversityCardiffCF24 4HQUK
| | - Sarah Baker
- Department of HaematologyDivision of Cancer & GeneticsSchool of MedicineCardiff UniversityCardiffCF14 4XNUK
| | - Stephen Man
- Department of HaematologyDivision of Cancer & GeneticsSchool of MedicineCardiff UniversityCardiffCF14 4XNUK
| | | | - Mark Wong
- Trillium Therapeutics IncMississaugaONCanada
| | - Steven J. Coles
- School of Science and the EnvironmentUniversity of WorcesterWorcestershireWR2 6AJUK
| | - Marie Hodges
- Department of HaematologyDivision of Cancer & GeneticsSchool of MedicineCardiff UniversityCardiffCF14 4XNUK
- Cardiff Experimental and Cancer Medicine Centre (ECMC)School of MedicineCardiff UniversityCardiffCF14 4XNUK
| | - Amanda F. Gilkes
- Department of HaematologyDivision of Cancer & GeneticsSchool of MedicineCardiff UniversityCardiffCF14 4XNUK
- Cardiff Experimental and Cancer Medicine Centre (ECMC)School of MedicineCardiff UniversityCardiffCF14 4XNUK
| | - Steven Knapper
- Department of HaematologyDivision of Cancer & GeneticsSchool of MedicineCardiff UniversityCardiffCF14 4XNUK
| | - Richard L. Darley
- Department of HaematologyDivision of Cancer & GeneticsSchool of MedicineCardiff UniversityCardiffCF14 4XNUK
| | - Alex Tonks
- Department of HaematologyDivision of Cancer & GeneticsSchool of MedicineCardiff UniversityCardiffCF14 4XNUK
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7
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Alanazi B, Munje CR, Rastogi N, Williamson AJK, Taylor S, Hole PS, Hodges M, Doyle M, Baker S, Gilkes AF, Knapper S, Pierce A, Whetton AD, Darley RL, Tonks A. Integrated nuclear proteomics and transcriptomics identifies S100A4 as a therapeutic target in acute myeloid leukemia. Leukemia 2020; 34:427-440. [PMID: 31611628 PMCID: PMC6995695 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-019-0596-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Revised: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Inappropriate localization of proteins can interfere with normal cellular function and drive tumor development. To understand how this contributes to the development of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), we compared the nuclear proteome and transcriptome of AML blasts with normal human CD34+ cells. Analysis of the proteome identified networks and processes that significantly affected transcription regulation including misexpression of 11 transcription factors with seven proteins not previously implicated in AML. Transcriptome analysis identified changes in 40 transcription factors but none of these were predictive of changes at the protein level. The highest differentially expressed protein in AML nuclei compared with normal CD34+ nuclei (not previously implicated in AML) was S100A4. In an extended cohort, we found that over-expression of nuclear S100A4 was highly prevalent in AML (83%; 20/24 AML patients). Knock down of S100A4 in AML cell lines strongly impacted their survival whilst normal hemopoietic stem progenitor cells were unaffected. These data are the first analysis of the nuclear proteome in AML and have identified changes in transcription factor expression or regulation of transcription that would not have been seen at the mRNA level. These data also suggest that S100A4 is essential for AML survival and could be a therapeutic target in AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bader Alanazi
- Department of Haematology, Division of Cancer & Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, Wales, UK
| | - Chinmay R Munje
- Department of Haematology, Division of Cancer & Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, Wales, UK
- Paul O'Gorman Leukaemia Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 0ZD, UK
| | - Namrata Rastogi
- Department of Haematology, Division of Cancer & Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, Wales, UK
| | - Andrew J K Williamson
- Stoller Biomarker Discovery Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M20 3LJ, UK
| | - Samuel Taylor
- Stoller Biomarker Discovery Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M20 3LJ, UK
| | - Paul S Hole
- Department of Haematology, Division of Cancer & Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, Wales, UK
| | - Marie Hodges
- Department of Haematology, Division of Cancer & Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, Wales, UK
- Cardiff Experimental and Cancer Medicine Centre (ECMC), School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, Wales, UK
| | - Michelle Doyle
- Department of Haematology, Division of Cancer & Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, Wales, UK
- Cardiff Experimental and Cancer Medicine Centre (ECMC), School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, Wales, UK
| | - Sarah Baker
- Department of Haematology, Division of Cancer & Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, Wales, UK
- Cardiff Experimental and Cancer Medicine Centre (ECMC), School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, Wales, UK
| | - Amanda F Gilkes
- Department of Haematology, Division of Cancer & Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, Wales, UK
- Cardiff Experimental and Cancer Medicine Centre (ECMC), School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, Wales, UK
| | - Steven Knapper
- Department of Haematology, Division of Cancer & Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, Wales, UK
| | - Andrew Pierce
- Stoller Biomarker Discovery Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M20 3LJ, UK
| | - Anthony D Whetton
- Stoller Biomarker Discovery Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M20 3LJ, UK
| | - Richard L Darley
- Department of Haematology, Division of Cancer & Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, Wales, UK
| | - Alex Tonks
- Department of Haematology, Division of Cancer & Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, Wales, UK.
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8
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Kohlmann A, Kipps TJ, Rassenti LZ, Downing JR, Shurtleff SA, Mills KI, Gilkes AF, Hofmann WK, Basso G, Dell'orto MC, Foà R, Chiaretti S, De Vos J, Rauhut S, Papenhausen PR, Hernández JM, Lumbreras E, Yeoh AE, Koay ES, Li R, Liu WM, Williams PM, Wieczorek L, Haferlach T. An international standardization programme towards the application of gene expression profiling in routine leukaemia diagnostics: the Microarray Innovations in LEukemia study prephase. Br J Haematol 2008; 142:802-7. [PMID: 18573112 PMCID: PMC2654477 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2141.2008.07261.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Gene expression profiling has the potential to enhance current methods for the diagnosis of haematological malignancies. Here, we present data on 204 analyses from an international standardization programme that was conducted in 11 laboratories as a prephase to the Microarray Innovations in LEukemia (MILE) study. Each laboratory prepared two cell line samples, together with three replicate leukaemia patient lysates in two distinct stages: (i) a 5-d course of protocol training, and (ii) independent proficiency testing. Unsupervised, supervised, and r2 correlation analyses demonstrated that microarray analysis can be performed with remarkably high intra-laboratory reproducibility and with comparable quality and reliability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Kohlmann
- Roche Molecular Systems, Inc., Department of Genomics and Oncology, Pleasanton, CA, USA.
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9
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Abstract
The FUS gene is overexpressed in acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) patients and has roles in transcription and mRNA processing. We used ectopic expression of FUS and FUS antisense sequences to assess the effect of modulation of FUS expression in all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA)-sensitive (NB4) and insensitive (NB4R2) human acute promyelocytic (APL) cell lines which express the t(15:17) translocation. Growth, viability and differentiation patterns were maintained, but the expression of the FUS antisense construct in both the cell lines altered the response to ATRA: the previously ATRA-sensitive NB4 cells exhibited resistance; whilst the previously resistant NB4R2 cells showed a differentiation response to treatment.
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MESH Headings
- Cell Differentiation/drug effects
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 15
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 17
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm
- Gene Expression
- Humans
- Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute/metabolism
- Oligonucleotides, Antisense/pharmacology
- RNA-Binding Protein FUS/genetics
- RNA-Binding Protein FUS/metabolism
- Transduction, Genetic/methods
- Translocation, Genetic
- Tretinoin/therapeutic use
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth J Walsby
- Department of Haematology, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
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10
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Knapper S, Mills KI, Gilkes AF, Austin SJ, Walsh V, Burnett AK. The effects of lestaurtinib (CEP701) and PKC412 on primary AML blasts: the induction of cytotoxicity varies with dependence on FLT3 signaling in both FLT3-mutated and wild-type cases. Blood 2006; 108:3494-503. [PMID: 16868253 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2006-04-015487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractThe receptor tyrosine kinase FLT3 is a promising molecular therapeutic target in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Activating mutations of FLT3 are present in approximately one-third of patients, while many nonmutants show evidence of FLT3 activation, which appears to play a significant role in leukemogenesis. We studied the effects of lestaurtinib (CEP701) and PKC412, 2 small molecule inhibitors of FLT3, on 65 diagnostic AML blast samples. Both agents induced concentration-dependent cytotoxicity in most cases, although responses to PKC412 required higher drug concentrations. Cytotoxic responses were highly heterogeneous and were only weakly associated with FLT3 mutation status and FLT3 expression. Importantly, lestaurtinib induced cytotoxicity in a synergistic fashion with cytarabine, particularly in FLT3 mutant samples. Both lestaurtinib and PKC412 caused inhibition of FLT3 phosphorylation in all samples. Translation of FLT3 inhibition into cytotoxicity was influenced by the degree of residual FLT3 phosphorylation remaining and correlated with deactivation of STAT5 and MAP kinase. FLT3 mutant and wild-type cases both varied considerably in their dependence on FLT3 signaling for survival. These findings support the continued clinical assessment of FLT3 inhibitors in combination with cytotoxic chemotherapy: Entry to future clinical trials should include FLT3 wild-type patients and should remain unrestricted by FLT3 expression level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Knapper
- Department of Haematology, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff, CF14 4XW, United Kingdom.
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11
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Guinn BA, Gilkes AF, Mufti GJ, Burnett AK, Mills KI. The tumour antigens RAGE-1 and MGEA6 are expressed more frequently in the less lineage restricted subgroups of presentation acute myeloid leukaemia. Br J Haematol 2006; 134:238-9. [PMID: 16846483 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2141.2006.06135.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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12
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Mills KI, Walsh V, Gilkes AF, Agrawal SG, Knapper S. Novel observation of three FLT3 codons mutated in tandem in an elderly acute myeloid leukaemia patient. Br J Haematol 2006; 132:116-7. [PMID: 16371029 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2141.2005.05836.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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13
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Guinn BA, Gilkes AF, Woodward E, Westwood NB, Mufti GJ, Linch D, Burnett AK, Mills KI. Microarray analysis of tumour antigen expression in presentation acute myeloid leukaemia. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2005; 333:703-13. [PMID: 15963951 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2005.05.161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2005] [Accepted: 05/25/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) is a difficult to treat disease, especially for those patients who have no eligible haematopoietic stem cell (HSC) donor. One of the most promising treatment options for these patients is immunotherapy. To investigate the expression of known tumour antigens in AML, we analysed microarray data from 124 presentation AML patient samples and investigated the present/absent calls of 82 tumour-specific or -associated antigens. We found 11 antigens which were expressed in AML patient samples but not normal donors. Nine of these were cancer-testis (CT) antigens, previously shown to be expressed in tumour cells and immunologically protected sites and at very low levels, if at all, in normal tissues. Expression was confirmed using real-time PCR. We have identified a number of CT antigens with expression in presentation AML samples but not normal donor samples, which may provide effective targets for future immunotherapy treatments early in disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara-Ann Guinn
- Department of Haematological Medicine, Guy's, King's and St. Thomas' School of Medicine, King's College London, London SE5 9NU, UK.
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14
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Gale RE, Hills R, Pizzey AR, Kottaridis PD, Swirsky D, Gilkes AF, Nugent E, Mills KI, Wheatley K, Solomon E, Burnett AK, Linch DC, Grimwade D. Relationship between FLT3 mutation status, biologic characteristics, and response to targeted therapy in acute promyelocytic leukemia. Blood 2005; 106:3768-76. [PMID: 16105978 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2005-04-1746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The prognostic significance of FLT3 mutations in acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) is not firmly established and is of particular interest given the opportunities for targeted therapies using FLT3 inhibitors. We studied 203 patients with PML-RARA-positive APL; 43% of the patients had an FLT3 mutation (65 internal tandem duplications [ITDs], 19 D835/I836, 4 ITD+D835/I836). Both mutations were associated with higher white blood cell (WBC) count at presentation; 75% of the patients with WBC counts of 10 x 10(9)/L or greater had mutant FLT3. FLT3/ITDs were correlated with M3v subtype (P < .001), bcr3 PML breakpoint (P < .001), and expression of reciprocal RARA-PML transcripts (P = .01). Microarray analysis revealed differences in expression profiles among patients with FLT3/ITD, D835/I836, and wild-type FLT3. Patients with mutant FLT3 had a higher rate of induction death (19% vs 9%; P = .04, but no significant difference in relapse risk (28% vs 23%; P = .5) or overall survival (59% vs 67%; P = .2) at 5 years. In in vitro differentiation assays using primary APL blasts (n = 6), the FLT3 inhibitor CEP-701 had a greater effect on cell survival/proliferation in FLT3/ITD+ cells, but this inhibition was reduced in the presence of ATRA. Furthermore, in the presence of CEP-701, ATRA-induced differentiation was reduced in FLT3/ITD+ cells. These data carry implications for the use of FLT3 inhibitors as frontline therapy for APL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosemary E Gale
- Department of Haematology, University College London Hospitals, United Kingdom
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15
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Abstract
Mutations of the FLT3 gene, a receptor tyrosine kinase, are the most frequent genetic alteration reported in acute myeloid leukaemia, with internal tandem duplications (ITD) or mutations within the activating loop (AL) reported at a frequency of around 24% and 6%, respectively. ITD mutations have associated with a poor prognosis. In this study we have used polymerase chain reaction (PCR), combined with restriction enzyme digestion for the detection of AL mutations, with the DNA products separated on the Agilent 2100 Bioanalyser using a DNA-500 kit. This analysis enabled the rapid identification of mutations in FLT3, approximate sizing of the ITD, an estimate of the proportion of mutant RNA and in some cases, specific heteroduplex patterns associated with triplet deletions. Our data shows that approximately 16% of the patients examined had an ITD mutation and over 13% had a mutation in the AL including triplet deletions involving codons 835/836 and point mutations in codon D839. Based on the sensitivity and speed of the bioanalyser, we suggest that this method is invaluable and provides an improvement to the current use of agarose gels for the analysis of FLT3 PCR products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken I Mills
- Department of Haematology, University of Wales College of Medicine, Cardiff, Wales, UK.
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16
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Guinn BA, Evely RS, Walsh V, Gilkes AF, Burnett AK, Mills KI. An in vivo and in vitro comparison of the effects of b2-a2 and b3-a2 p210BCR-ABL splice variants on murine 32D cells. Leuk Lymphoma 2000; 37:393-404. [PMID: 10752991 DOI: 10.3109/10428190009089440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The Philadelphia (Ph) chromosome, a characteristic cytogenetic marker of chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML), is caused by a reciprocal translocation juxtaposing the 3' region of the ABL gene onto the 5' region of the BCR gene. Due to conservation of the reading frame, but depending on the site of the breakpoint in the BCR gene, two alternatively spliced variants of the p210BCR-ABL mRNA (known as b2-a2 and b3-a2) are produced. To investigate whether there are any biological differences between these splice variants we have transfected the b3-a2 or b2-a2 cDNA into a murine myeloid cell line, 32D. We have also included the previously prepared 32Dp210 cell line (which expresses the b3-a2 transcript) in all of our comparisons. RT-PCR analysis indicated that transcription levels were comparable between the variants. Morphological examination of the cells expressing either of the BCR-ABL transcripts indicated that these cells were more mature with increased cytoplasm:nuclear ratios compared to the 32D parental and 32Dneo vector control cells. However, the 32Dp210 cells had a very different appearance from the other panel members and flow karyotyping indicated a clonal evolution and cytogenetic instability in these cells alone. At 10(6) and 10(7) cell doses all 32D cells expressing BCR-ABL caused ill health and tissue infiltration in SCID mice with such rapidity that statistical analysis was not informative. However, at the 10(5) and 10(4) dosage levels there were similar survival rates between mice injected with 32Db2-a2 or 32Db3-a2 while mice injected with 32Dp210 had a significantly shorter survival time. The study of this 32D cell line panel indicated that there were no overt differences in the biological properties conferred by the b3-a2 or b2-a2 transcripts to the 32D cells although these transcripts were able to confer in vitro and in vivo biological effects. This panel of BCR-ABL expressing 32D cells provides a useful model for CML disease progression studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- B A Guinn
- Department of Haematology, University of Wales College of Medicine, Cardiff, United Kingdom.
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17
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Abstract
Retinoic acid has the ability to induce differentiation in some myeloid leukaemia cell lines and has been used to induce remission in acute promyelocytic leukaemia patients. We have analysed changes in gene expression, by differential display, in HL60 cells exposed to all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) for only 1 h. Only about 0.4% of the genes examined by this technique showed changes in expression level, and all four of the gene fragments identified were downregulated during the short 1 h exposure. Two of the fragments were novel, a third was MYC and the fourth was the FUS proto-oncogene. Northern analysis showed that FUS was downregulated within 1 h only during induced neutrophil differentiation but not at all during induced monocyte differentiation. Unlike the sensitive cell lines, ATRA-resistant cell lines did not show a downregulation of FUS over a 24 h period of exposure to ATRA. Using a semiquantitative PCR analysis, no difference in FUS levels was observed between ATRA-sensitive and -resistant cell lines. A similar analysis was carried out on primary acute myeloid leukaemia (AML), peripheral stem cell harvests (PBSC) and cord blood samples. The PBSC and cord blood samples had FUS levels that were similar or generally less than the cell lines. However, much higher levels were seen in 63% of the AML samples examined. The data presented are consistent with previous reports for a role for FUS in the promotion and maintenance of cellular proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- K I Mills
- LRF Differentiation Programme, Department of Haematology, University of Wales College of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff, UK
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18
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Mills KI, Woodgate LJ, Gilkes AF, Walsh V, Sweeney MC, Brown G, Burnett AK. Inhibition of mitochondrial function in HL60 cells is associated with an increased apoptosis and expression of CD14. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1999; 263:294-300. [PMID: 10491287 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.1999.1356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The myelomonocytic cell line HL60 can be induced by a variety of chemical agents to differentiation to either neutrophils or monocytes. Examination of gene expression, by differential display, in cells induced to monocytes with 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3) or neutrophils with all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) identified a number of clones with altered patterns of expression over the period of differentiation. One of these clones was the mitochondrial gene NADH dehydrogenase subunit 4 (ND4) which showed a differential pattern of expression between the neutrophil and monocyte lineages. The potential of mitochondrial inhibitors to induce differentiation was investigated by treating the HL60 cells with either the NADH dehydrogenase inhibitor, Rotenone, the complex III inhibitor, Antimycin A, or the highly specific mitochondrial ATP-synthase inhibitor, Oligomycin. Although functional assays of differentiation did not produce any positive results, all the inhibitors resulted in a dramatic increase in CD14 expression at day 1, with CD38 markers not observed until day 3. The increased expression of CD14 was accompanied by a decrease in viability and all CD14 positive cells were also positive for Annexin V, a marker of apoptosis. These results suggest that inhibition of the components of the mitochondrial pathways may lead to the marking of some cells, via CD14, for cell death, whilst allowing commitment to differentiation to occur in the surviving population.
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Affiliation(s)
- K I Mills
- Department of Haematology, University of Wales College of Medicine, Cardiff, Heath Park, United Kingdom.
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19
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Mills KI, Gilkes AF, Sweeney M, Choudhry MA, Woodgate LJ, Bunce CM, Brown G, Burnett AK. Identification of a retinoic acid responsive aldoketoreductase expressed in HL60 leukaemic cells. FEBS Lett 1998; 440:158-62. [PMID: 9862446 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-5793(98)01435-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Neutrophil and monocyte differentiation can be induced in HL60 leukaemia cells by all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA) and 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (D3), respectively, whose differentiating effects can be enhanced by exposure to 'anti-inflammatory agents' and steroids. We have provided evidence that this potentiation is via inhibition of the activity of an enzyme of the aldoketoreductase (AKR) family, but had failed to identify expression of known AKRs in HL60 cells. In this study, we have identified a previously unclassified aldoketoreductase family member (termed HAKR e) that is expressed in HL60 cells. HAKR e is dramatically and transiently up-regulated in HL60 cells within 24 h of exposure to ATRA, further supporting the proposition that a member(s) of this family of enzymes play(s) a role in controlling cell growth and/or differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- K I Mills
- Department of Haematology, University of Wales College of Medicine, Cardiff, UK.
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20
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Mills KI, Walsh V, Gilkes AF, Woodgate LJ, Brown G, Burnett AK. Identification of transcription factors expressed during ATRA-induced neutrophil differentiation of HL60 cells. Br J Haematol 1998; 103:87-92. [PMID: 9792294 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2141.1998.00947.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
A recent clinical therapeutic initiative has been the use of chemical agents which induce the leukaemic cells to overcome their block in differentiation. In order to understand this block the cascade of molecular events needs to be characterized. Haemopoietic differentiation is ultimately controlled at the level of gene transcription which is mediated by an array of transcription factors. Many transcription factors contain similar structural protein sequences, and we have used an RT-PCR-based approach to isolate sequences, from transcription factor gene families which share similar domains. Degenerate primers corresponding to the TFIIIA zinc-finger consensus amino acid sequences and to the POU-homeodomain and POU-specific domain were used to amplify genes on the basis that they contained similarities in structural motifs shared within these families of transcription factors. A serum-independent HL60 cell line was induced towards the neutrophil lineage by treatment with all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) for 24 h. CD38+ cells committed towards this lineage were enriched and a population of these cells treated with dihydroxyvitamin D3 to induce neutrophil maturation. RNA extracted from uninduced, ATRA-induced CD38+ cells, and vitamin D3 treated maturing cell cultures were amplified using the degenerate primers. PCR fragments were cloned, sequenced, clustered into homologous groups, and the group sequences searched on the GenBank database. The Oct 1 transcription factor, and a very close homologue, KIAA0144, was identified using the POU family primers. The zinc-finger primers identified three zinc-finger genes. The pattern of gene expression was suggested from the number of clones in each group at neutrophil commitment and maturation. The differential expression of the genes in the zinc finger and POU families will lead to a better understanding of the cascade of gene expression which occurs following ATRA-induced differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- K I Mills
- Department of Haematology, University of Wales College of Medicine, Cardiff
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21
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Gilkes AF, Guild SB, Cramb G. Phorbol ester activation of protein kinase C inhibits CNP-stimulated cyclic GMP production in the mouse AtT-20 pituitary tumour cell line. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1994; 204:1318-24. [PMID: 7526863 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.1994.2607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Preincubation of AtT-20 mouse pituitary tumour cells with the phorbol ester PMA resulted in a concentration-dependent inhibition of CNP-stimulated cyclic GMP production. The phorbol ester analogue 4 alpha phorbol had no inhibitory effect and 24 h preincubations with PMA resulted in a characteristic down-regulation of the response indicating that the inhibitory actions were mediated via the activation of protein kinase C. Forskolin in the presence of the phosphodiesterase inhibitor IBMX stimulated intracellular cyclic AMP concentrations by up to eight fold, but did not alter basal nor CNP-stimulated cyclic GMP production. These results indicate that CNP-stimulated guanylate cyclase activity associated with the GC-B natriuretic peptide receptor expressed in AtT-20 cells is inhibited by protein kinase C.
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Affiliation(s)
- A F Gilkes
- Molecular Endocrinology Group, School of Biological and Medical Sciences, University of St Andrews, UK
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22
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Abstract
Receptors for the natriuretic peptide family have been characterized in the adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH)-secreting AtT-20 pituitary tumour cell line. Northern blot analysis detected mRNA transcripts for the guanylate cyclase-linked GC-B receptor subtype. There was no evidence for the expression of either guanylate cyclase-linked GC-A receptor or atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)-C (clearance) receptor mRNAs. Cyclic GMP production in AtT-20 cells was stimulated up to 200-fold by C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP), which was 10- and 20 times as effective as equivalent concentrations of brain natriuretic peptide and ANP respectively. Cyclic GMP dose-response curves to CNP failed to show any signs of saturation even at concentrations up to 30 microM, indicating a relatively low affinity of CNP for the GC-B receptor. Although CNP induced large stimulations in cyclic GMP production, specific binding of [125I-Tyr0]CNP could not be demonstrated in AtT-20 cells. The absence of specific binding with this radiolabelled analogue is possibly due to a reduced affinity for the GC-B receptor, as CNP analogues with N-terminal modifications such as [Tyr0]CNP and [127I-Tyr0]CNP exhibited reduced abilities to stimulate cyclic GMP production in these cells. Despite elevating cyclic GMP levels, CNP had no effect on basal or corticotrophin-releasing factor-stimulating ACTH release from the cells. These results show that the guanylate cyclase-coupled GC-B receptor is the only natriuretic peptide receptor subtype expressed in AtT-20 cells. Although CNP can markedly stimulate cyclic GMP production in these cells, there is incomplete expression of the normal natriuretic peptide-induced inhibitory pathway of ACTH secretion at some point distal to the production of cyclic GMP.
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Affiliation(s)
- A F Gilkes
- Molecular Endocrinology Group, School of Biological and Medical Sciences, University of St. Andrews, U.K
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Duncanson E, Gilkes AF, Kirk DW, Sherman A, Wray JL. nir1, a conditional-lethal mutation in barley causing a defect in nitrite reduction. Mol Gen Genet 1993; 236:275-82. [PMID: 8437574 DOI: 10.1007/bf00277123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Eleven green individuals were isolated when 95000 M2 plants of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), mutagenised with azide in the M1, were screened for nitrite accumulation in their leaves after nitrate treatment in the light. The selected plants were maintained in aerated liquid culture solution containing glutamine as sole nitrogen source. Not all plants survived to flowering and some others that did were not fertile. One of the selected plants, STA3999, from the cultivar Tweed could be crossed to the wild-type cultivar and analysis of the F2 progeny showed that leaf nitrite accumulation was due to a recessive mutation in a single nuclear gene, which has been designated Nir1. The homozygous nir1 mutant could be maintained to flowering in liquid culture with either glutamine or ammonium as sole nitrogen source, but died within 14 days after transfer to compost. The nitrite reductase cross-reacting material seen in nitrate-treated wild-type plants could not be detected in either the leaf or the root of the homozygous nir1 mutant. Nitrite reductase activity, measured with dithionite-reduced methyl viologen as electron donor, of the nitrate-treated homozygous nir1 mutant was much reduced but NADH-nitrate reductase activity was elevated compared to wild-type plants. We conclude that the Nir1 locus determines the formation of nitrite reductase apoprotein in both the leaf and root of barley and speculate that it represents either the nitrite reductase apoprotein gene locus or, less likely, a regulatory locus whose product is required for the synthesis of nitrite reductase, but not nitrate reductase.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- E Duncanson
- Division of Environmental and Evolutionary Biology, School of Biological and Medical Sciences, University of St. Andrews, Scotland, UK
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Abstract
Whether atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)-evoked inhibition of corticotrophin-releasing factor (CRF)-stimulated ACTH secretion was also manifest in ACTH secreting AtT-20 pituitary tumour cells was investigated. ANP stimulated increases in cGMP accumulation at concentrations of the peptide above 10(-8) M which indicates the presence of the ANP receptors on these cells. CRF stimulated a concentration-dependent increase in ACTH secretion from AtT-20 cells which was unaffected by ANP, 8-bromo-cGMP, or sodium nitroprusside (SNP). Calcium stimulated a concentration-dependent increase in ACTH secretion from electrically permeabilised cells which was unaffected by co-incubation with cGMP but potentiated by cAMP. These results reveal the presence of ANP receptors on AtT-20 cells but suggest that an incomplete expression of the stimulus-secretion coupling mechanisms for ANP, at some point after cGMP production, prevents the effects of natriuretic peptides upon ACTH secretion being manifest in these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- A F Gilkes
- Molecular Endocrinology Group, School of Biological and Medical Sciences, University of St. Andrews, UK
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