1
|
Wang XY, Hua BZ. Flagellar sensilla of the hangingflies Bittacus planus Cheng and Bittacus sinicus Issiki (Mecoptera: Bittacidae). ARTHROPOD STRUCTURE & DEVELOPMENT 2023; 76:101297. [PMID: 37607434 DOI: 10.1016/j.asd.2023.101297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
Adult hangingflies are very sensitive to humidity, thereby frequently being used as ecological indicators to assess the degradation of the environment, especially forest ecosystems. Studies on the sense organs associated with hygro- and thermo-sensitivity, however, have been scant. Here, the ultramorphology and distribution of the flagellar sensilla were investigated in the adult hangingflies Bittacus planus Cheng, 1949 and Bittacus sinicus Issiki, 1931 using scanning electron microscopy. Four types of sensilla are identified in B. planus, including sensilla campaniformia, sensilla chaetica (SC1, SC2), sensilla basiconica (SB1, SB2), and sensilla coeloconica. In B. sinicus, sensilla chaetica III are present additionally from 7th to 14th flagellomeres. Abundant sensilla coeloconica are present on the flagella of Bittacus. Sensilla basiconica I are situated at the joints of flagellomeres. Sensilla campaniformia are densely distributed on the basal half of the first flagellomere, but scarcely on other flagellomeres. Sensilla chaetica II are present on the distal three flagellomeres. The size, abundance, and distribution of flagellar sensilla differ considerably between B. planus and B. sinicus. We infer that the abundance of sensilla coeloconica is likely associated with the hygro- and thermo-sensitivity in Bittacidae. Studies of flagellar sensilla can provide valuable information for subsequent electrophysiological, behavioral, biogeographical, and phylogenetic analyses of Bittacidae.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management, Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Bao-Zhen Hua
- Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management, Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Colella JP, Frederick LM, Talbot SL, Cook JA. Extrinsically reinforced hybrid speciation within Holarctic ermine (
Mustela
spp.) produces an insular endemic. DIVERS DISTRIB 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.13234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jocelyn P. Colella
- Department of Biology and Museum of Southwestern Biology University of New Mexico Albuquerque NM USA
- Biodiversity Institute University of Kansas Lawrence KS USA
| | - Lindsey M. Frederick
- Department of Biology and Museum of Southwestern Biology University of New Mexico Albuquerque NM USA
- New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Albuquerque NM USA
| | | | - Joseph A. Cook
- Department of Biology and Museum of Southwestern Biology University of New Mexico Albuquerque NM USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Weigand AM, Desquiotz N, Weigand H, Szucsich N. Application of propylene glycol in DNA-based studies of invertebrates. METABARCODING AND METAGENOMICS 2021. [DOI: 10.3897/mbmg.5.57278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
High-throughput sequencing (HTS) studies on invertebrates commonly use ethanol as the main sample fixative (upon collection) and preservative (for storage and curation). However, alternative agents exists, which should not be automatically neglected when studies are newly designed. This review provides an overview of the application of propylene glycol (PG) in DNA-based studies of invertebrates, thus to stimulate an evidence-based discussion.
The use of PG in DNA-based studies of invertebrates is still limited (n = 79), but a steady increase has been visible since 2011. Most studies used PG as a fixative for passive trapping (73%) and performed Sanger sequencing (66%; e.g. DNA barcoding). More recently, HTS setups joined the field (11%). Terrestrial Coleoptera (30%) and Diptera (20%) were the most studied groups. Very often, information on the grade of PG used (75%) or storage conditions (duration, temperature) were lacking. This rendered direct comparisons of study results difficult, and highlight the need for further systematic studies on these subjects.
When compared to absolute ethanol, PG can be more widely and cheaply acquired (e.g. as an antifreeze, 13% of studies). It also enables longer trapping intervals, being especially relevant at remote or hard-to-reach places. Shipping of PG-conserved samples is regarded as risk-free and is authorised, pinpointing its potential for larger trapping programs or citizen science projects. Its property to retain flexibility of morphological characters as well as to lead to a reduced shrinkage effect was especially appraised by integrative study designs. Finally, the so far limited application of PG in the context of HTS showed promising results for short read amplicon sequencing and reduced representation methods. Knowledge of the influence of PG fixation and storage for long(er) read HTS setups is currently unavailable.
Given our review results and taking difficulties of direct methodological comparisons into account, future DNA-based studies of invertebrates should on a case-by-case basis critically scrutinise if the application of PG in their anticipated study design can be of benefit.
Collapse
|
4
|
Sawyer YE, MacDonald SO, Lessa EP, Cook JA. Living on the edge: Exploring the role of coastal refugia in the Alexander Archipelago of Alaska. Ecol Evol 2019; 9:1777-1797. [PMID: 30847072 PMCID: PMC6392352 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.4861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Revised: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Although islands are of long-standing interest to biologists, only a handful of studies have investigated the role of climatic history in shaping evolutionary diversification in high-latitude archipelagos. In this study of the Alexander Archipelago (AA) of Southeast Alaska, we address the impact of glacial cycles on geographic genetic structure for three mammals co-distributed along the North Pacific Coast. We examined variation in mitochondrial and nuclear loci for long-tailed voles (Microtus longicaudus), northwestern deermice (Peromyscus keeni), and dusky shrews (Sorex monticola), and then tested hypotheses derived from Species Distribution Models, reconstructions of paleoshorelines, and island area and isolation. In all three species, we identified paleoendemic clades that likely originated in coastal refugia, a finding consistent with other paleoendemic lineages identified in the region such as ermine. Although there is spatial concordance at the regional level for endemism, finer scale spatial and temporal patterns are less clearly defined. Demographic expansion across the region for these distinctive clades is also evident and highlights the dynamic history of Late Quaternary contraction and expansion that characterizes high-latitude species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yadéeh E. Sawyer
- Department of Biology and Museum of Southwestern BiologyUniversity of New MexicoAlbuquerqueNew Mexico
| | - Stephen O. MacDonald
- Department of Biology and Museum of Southwestern BiologyUniversity of New MexicoAlbuquerqueNew Mexico
| | - Enrique P. Lessa
- Departamento de Ecología y Evolución, Facultad de CienciasUniversidad de la RepúblicaMontevideoUruguay
| | - Joseph A. Cook
- Department of Biology and Museum of Southwestern BiologyUniversity of New MexicoAlbuquerqueNew Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Hypothesis on monochromatic vision in scorpionflies questioned by new transcriptomic data. Sci Rep 2018; 8:9872. [PMID: 29959337 PMCID: PMC6026179 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-28098-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
In the scorpionfly Panorpa, a recent study suggested monochromatic vision due to evidence of only a single opsin found in transcriptome data. To reconsider this hypothesis, the present study investigates opsin expression using transcriptome data of 21 species including representatives of all major lineages of scorpionflies (Mecoptera) and of three families of their closest relatives, the fleas (Siphonaptera). In most mecopteran species investigated, transcripts encode two opsins with predicted peak absorbances in the green, two in the blue, and one in the ultraviolet spectral region. Only in groups with reduced or absent ocelli, like Caurinus and Apteropanorpa, less than four visual opsin messenger RNAs have been identified. In addition, we found a Rh7-like opsin in transcriptome data derived from larvae of the mecopteran Nannochorista, and in two flea species. Peropsin expression was observed in two mecopterans. In light of these new data, we question the hypothesis on monochromatic vision in the genus Panorpa. In a broader phylogenetic perspective, it is suggested that the common ancestor of the monophyletic taxon Antliophora (Diptera, Mecoptera and Siphonaptera) possessed the full set of visual opsins, a Rh7-like opsin, and in addition a pteropsin as well as a peropsin. In the course of evolution individual opsins were likely lost in several lineages of this clade.
Collapse
|
6
|
Sikes DS, Allen RT. First Alaskan records and a significant northern range extension for two species of Diplura (Diplura, Campodeidae). Zookeys 2016:147-57. [PMID: 27047242 PMCID: PMC4797215 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.563.6404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2015] [Accepted: 01/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Species in the class Diplura are recorded from Alaska for the first time. Two species, Tricamparileyi Silvestri from Dall and Prince of Wales Islands in the Alexander Archipelago of Southeast Alaska and Metriocampaallocerca Conde & Geeraert from near Quartz Lake, southeast of Fairbanks, both in the family Campodeidae, are documented based on recently collected specimens deposited in the University of Alaska Museum Insect Collection. A brief review of the history of the documentation of the Alaskan soil microarthropod fauna is provided, as well as discussion of possible glacial refugia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Derek S Sikes
- Curator of Insects, University of Alaska Museum, Fairbanks, AK 99775-6960, USA
| | - Robert T Allen
- Adjunct Professor, Mississippi Entomological Museum, Mississippi State University, Starkville MS 39759, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zhu Q, Hastriter MW, Whiting MF, Dittmar K. Fleas (Siphonaptera) are Cretaceous, and evolved with Theria. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2015; 90:129-39. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2015.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2014] [Revised: 03/16/2015] [Accepted: 04/28/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
8
|
Weckworth BV, Dawson NG, Talbot SL, Cook JA. Genetic Distinctiveness of Alexander Archipelago Wolves (Canis lupus ligoni). J Hered 2015; 106:412-4. [PMID: 25964444 DOI: 10.1093/jhered/esv026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2015] [Accepted: 03/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Byron V Weckworth
- From the Panthera, New York, NY 10018 (Weckworth); the College of Forestry and Conservation, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812 (Dawson); the U.S. Geological Survey, Alaska Science Center, Anchorage, AK 99508 (Talbot); and the Biology Department and Museum of Southwestern Biology, MSC03 2020, University of New Mexico Albuquerque, NM 87131-0001 (Cook)
| | - Natalie G Dawson
- From the Panthera, New York, NY 10018 (Weckworth); the College of Forestry and Conservation, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812 (Dawson); the U.S. Geological Survey, Alaska Science Center, Anchorage, AK 99508 (Talbot); and the Biology Department and Museum of Southwestern Biology, MSC03 2020, University of New Mexico Albuquerque, NM 87131-0001 (Cook)
| | - Sandra L Talbot
- From the Panthera, New York, NY 10018 (Weckworth); the College of Forestry and Conservation, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812 (Dawson); the U.S. Geological Survey, Alaska Science Center, Anchorage, AK 99508 (Talbot); and the Biology Department and Museum of Southwestern Biology, MSC03 2020, University of New Mexico Albuquerque, NM 87131-0001 (Cook)
| | - Joseph A Cook
- From the Panthera, New York, NY 10018 (Weckworth); the College of Forestry and Conservation, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812 (Dawson); the U.S. Geological Survey, Alaska Science Center, Anchorage, AK 99508 (Talbot); and the Biology Department and Museum of Southwestern Biology, MSC03 2020, University of New Mexico Albuquerque, NM 87131-0001 (Cook).
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Jiang L, Yue C, Hua B. Larval morphology of Panorpodes kuandianensis (Insecta, Mecoptera, Panorpodidae) and its evolutionary implications. Zookeys 2014:69-82. [PMID: 24715802 PMCID: PMC3978227 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.398.6675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2013] [Accepted: 02/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Larval characters play a significant role in evolutionary and systematic studies of holometabolous insects. However, Panorpodidae, a derived family of Mecoptera, are largely unknown in their immature stages to date. Here, the first instar larva of the short-faced scorpionfly Panorpodes kuandianensis Zhong, Zhang & Hua, 2011 is described and illustrated using light and scanning electron microscopy. The larva of Panorpodes is remarkable for the absence of compound eyes on the head and the presence of seven small unpaired proleg-like processes along the midventral line on abdominal segments II-VIII. The homology of these unpaired appendage-like processes, their ecological adaptation, and the evolutionary implications of some larval characters of Panorpodidae are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lu Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management of the Education Ministry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Chao Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management of the Education Ministry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China ; Department of Life Science and Technology
| | - Baozhen Hua
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management of the Education Ministry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| |
Collapse
|