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Ali H, Douwes J, Burmanje J, Gokhale P, Crane J, Pattemore P, Stanley T, Keenan J, Brooks C. Sputum inflammatory, neural, and remodelling mediators in eosinophilic and non-eosinophilic asthma. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2023:S1081-1206(23)00181-3. [PMID: 36958472 DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2023.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neural and remodelling mechanisms may play a role in asthma, particularly non-eosinophilic asthma (NEA). OBJECTIVE To assess sputum mediators associated with neural, remodelling, and inflammatory mechanisms in eosinophilic asthma (EA), NEA, and non-asthmatics. METHODS 111 participants with and 62 without asthma (14-21 years) underwent sputum induction, exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO), atopy, and spirometry tests. Twenty-four mediators were measured in sputum using ELISA or bead array. EA (n=52) and NEA (n=59) were defined using a sputum eosinophil cut-point of ≥2.5%. RESULTS Elevated levels of nociceptin (median: 39.1 vs 22.4 ng/mL, p=0.03), periostin (33.8 vs 9.4 ng/mL, p=0.01), and eosinophil cationic protein (ECP); (220.1 vs 83.7 ng/mL, p=0.03) were found in asthmatics compared with non-asthmatics. Nociceptin was elevated in EA (54.8 vs 22.4 ng/mL, p=0.02) compared with non-asthmatics. EA had higher levels of inflammatory (ECP: 495.5 vs 100.3 ng/mL, p≤0.01; interleukin-1β: 285.3 vs 209.3 pg/mL, p=0.03; histamine: 5805.0 vs 3172.5 pg/mL, p=<0.01) and remodelling (vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A); 3.3 vs 2.5 ng/mL, p=0.03; periostin: 47.7 vs 22.1 ng/mL, p=0.04) mediators than NEA. Whilst macrophages were associated with neural mediators e.g. neurokinin A (r=0.27, p=0.01) and nociceptin (r=0.30, p=0.02), granulocytes were associated with inflammatory/remodelling mediators; e.g. ECP and VEGF-A correlated with neutrophils (r=0.53 & r=0.33 respectively, p=<0.01) and eosinophils (r=0.53 & r=0.29 respectively, p≤0.01). CONCLUSION Elevated levels of nociceptin and inflammatory/remodelling markers were found in EA, but no evidence for neural and remodelling pathways was found in NEA. Neural and remodelling mechanisms appear to coexist with inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajar Ali
- Research Centre for Hauora and Health Research Massey University, Wellington, New Zealand.
| | - Jeroen Douwes
- Research Centre for Hauora and Health Research Massey University, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Jeroen Burmanje
- Research Centre for Hauora and Health Research Massey University, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Prachee Gokhale
- Research Centre for Hauora and Health Research Massey University, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Julian Crane
- School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Philip Pattemore
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Thorsten Stanley
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Jacqueline Keenan
- Department of Surgery, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Collin Brooks
- Research Centre for Hauora and Health Research Massey University, Wellington, New Zealand
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Yap JMG, Ueda T, Takeda N, Fukumitsu K, Fukuda S, Uemura T, Tajiri T, Ohkubo H, Maeno K, Ito Y, Kanemitsu Y, Niimi A. An inflammatory stimulus sensitizes TRPA1 channel to increase cytokine release in human lung fibroblasts. Cytokine 2020; 129:155027. [PMID: 32050145 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2020.155027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
External stimuli such as cigarette smoke and house dust mite are often involved in the development and exacerbation of asthma. These risk factors could activate or sensitize transient receptor potential channel ankyrin 1 (TRPA1), which are primarily expressed in neuronal structures but also in non-neuronal cells such as fibroblasts. However, the role of non-neuronal TRPA1 in the pathophysiology of airway diseases including asthma remains unclear. We investigated TRPA1 expression on human fibroblast cells and whether inflammatory mediators could modulate its function. This study utilized human lung fibroblast cell lines, Medical Research Council cell strain 5 (MRC-5) and HF19 cells frequently used on experimental studies regarding allergic and respiratory disorders. The human lung fibroblasts were stimulated with house dust mite (Der p1) or tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) for 24 h, and we quantified TRPA1 mRNA and protein by qRT-PCR and western blot analysis, respectively. TRPA1 mRNA expressions were upregulated after TNF-α treatment. Calcium imaging analysis revealed that TNF-α treatment apparently sensitized TRPA1-mediated calcium influx by TRPA1 agonist allyl isothiocyanate (AITC) and the selective TRPA1 channel blocker HC-030031 effectively reduced the calcium response. Lastly, TRPA1 activation was not only involved in increased IL-8 cytokine release, but also in upregulating gene expression of matrix metalloprotease 9 (MMP9) in the human lung fibroblasts treated with TNF-α Together, these results indicate that presence of inflammatory mediators such as TNF-α could upregulate the non-neuronal expression of TRPA1 on fibroblasts which may aggravate further the release of inflammatory cytokines observed in human airway diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Maries Go Yap
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Aichi, Japan
| | - Takashi Ueda
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Aichi, Japan
| | - Norihisa Takeda
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Aichi, Japan
| | - Kensuke Fukumitsu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Aichi, Japan
| | - Satoshi Fukuda
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Aichi, Japan
| | - Takehiro Uemura
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Aichi, Japan
| | - Tomoko Tajiri
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Aichi, Japan
| | - Hirotsugu Ohkubo
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Aichi, Japan
| | - Ken Maeno
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yutaka Ito
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Kanemitsu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Aichi, Japan.
| | - Akio Niimi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Aichi, Japan
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Uzan GC, Borekci S, Doventas YE, Koldas M, Gemicioglu B. The relationship between inflammatory markers and spirometric parameters in ACOS, Asthma, and COPD. J Asthma 2019; 57:1273-1279. [PMID: 31403365 DOI: 10.1080/02770903.2019.1652644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Objective: The inflammatory mechanisms underpinning asthma-chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) overlap syndrome (ACOS) have not been fully elucidated. Here, we examined the levels of cysteinyl leukotrienes (cys-LTs), prostaglandin D2 (PG-D2), prostaglandin E2 (PG-E2), interleukin 5 (IL-5), and a disintegrin and metalloprotease domain (ADAM 33) in ACOS patients to determine the relationship between levels of these inflammatory markers and pulmonary functions.Methods: Blood samples were obtained from asthma, COPD, and ACOS patients who received combined therapy and were stable for the last month to measure cys-LTs, PG-D2, PG-E2, IL-5, and ADAM33 levels. Differences between groups and their correlations with pulmonary function tests were evaluated.Results: In total, 24 ACOS, 27 asthma, and 35 COPD patients were included. . PG-D2 levels were higher in ACOS (120.9 ± 117.2 ng/L) and asthma (119.6 ± 111.7 ng/L) patients than in COPD (82.6 ± 46.7 ng/L) patients (p = 0.036 and p = 0.038, respectively). In ACOS patients, PG-D2, cys-LTs, and ADAM33 levels were negatively correlated with FEV1/FVC% values (p = 0.021, p = 0.008, and p = 0.028, respectively). In COPD patients, a negative correlation was detected between PG-E2 and FEV1/FVC% (p = 0.007), whereas positive correlations were detected between IL-5 and pulmonary function tests, including FVC, FVC%, FEV1, FEV1%, FEF25-75, and FEF25-75% (p = 0.047, p = 0.005, p = 0.002, p = 0.002, p = 0.010, and p = 0.005, respectively). In asthma patients, cys-LTs levels were negatively correlated with FEV1 and FEF25-75 values (p = 0.045 and p = 0.037, respectively).Conclusions: PG-D2 levels may be a valuable biomarker to differentiate COPD in asthma and ACOS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulfidan Cakmak Uzan
- Haseki Training and Research Hospital, Department of Pulmonology, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sermin Borekci
- Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Yasemin Erdogan Doventas
- Haseki Training and Research Hospital, Department of Biochemistry, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Macit Koldas
- Haseki Training and Research Hospital, Department of Biochemistry, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Bilun Gemicioglu
- Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
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Myung JH, Seo HJ, Park SJ, Kim BY, Shin IS, Jang JH, Kim YK, Jang AS. Association of nasal inflammation and lower airway responsiveness in schoolchildren based on an epidemiological survey. Korean J Intern Med 2015; 30:226-31. [PMID: 25750565 PMCID: PMC4351330 DOI: 10.3904/kjim.2015.30.2.226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2013] [Revised: 09/12/2013] [Accepted: 10/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS We sought to increase our understanding of the rhinitis-asthma relationship and improve strategies for the treatment of patients with these diseases. The aim of this study was to identify a connection between upper airway inflammation and lower airway responsiveness. METHODS We counted eosinophils on nasal smears, and performed spirometry, allergic skin tests, and methacholine challenge tests in 308 schoolchildren plus a questionnaire on respiratory symptoms. The methacholine concentration causing a 20% fall in forced expiratory volume in 1 second (PC20 < 25 mg/mL) was used as the threshold of bronchial hyperresponsiveness (BHR). RESULTS In total, 26% of subjects had positive nasal eosinophils on a smear, and 46.2% of subjects had BHR at < 25 mg/mL methacholine PC20. Nasal symptoms were higher in subjects with than without nasal eosinophils (p = 0.012). Asthma symptoms did not differ between subjects with and without nasal eosinophils. Nasal eosinophils were higher in subjects with atopy than those without (p = 0.006), and there was no difference in PC20 methacholine according to atopy (15.5 ± 1.07 vs. 17.5 ± 0.62; p > 0.05). No difference in BHR was detected when comparing subjects with and without nasal eosinophils. There were significant differences in the PC20 between subjects with greater than 50% nasal eosinophils and without nasal eosinophils (11.01 ± 2.92 mg/mL vs. 17.38 ± 0.61 mg/mL; p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS These findings demonstrated that nasal eosinophilic inflammation might contribute to lower airway responsiveness in schoolchildren, based on an epidemiological survey.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Ho Myung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon, Korea
| | - Hyun-Jeong Seo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon, Korea
| | - Soo-Jeong Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon, Korea
| | - Bo-Young Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon, Korea
| | - Il-Sang Shin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon, Korea
| | - Jun-Hak Jang
- Department of Nursing, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, USA
| | - Yun-Kyung Kim
- Department of Nursing, Gwangju Workers' Health Center, Gwangju, Korea
| | - An-Soo Jang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon, Korea
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Abstract
The prevalence of asthma is approximately 5% to 10% in the general population. Of these, approximately 5% to 10% are severe asthmatics who respond poorly to asthmatic drugs, including high-dose inhaled steroids. Severe asthmatics have persistent symptoms, frequent symptom exacerbation, and severe airway obstruction even when taking high-dose inhaled steroids. The medical costs of treating severe asthmatics represent ~50% of the total healthcare costs for asthma. Risk factors for severe asthma are genetic and environmental, including many kinds of aeroallergens, β-blockers, and anti-inflammatory drugs. Gastroesophageal reflux disease and factors such as denial, anxiety, fear, depression, socioeconomic status, and alcohol consumption can exacerbate asthma. Rhinitis and asthma usually occur together. There is increasing evidence that allergic rhinitis and rhinosinusitis may influence the clinical course of asthma. This review discusses the role of rhinosinusitis in severe asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- An-Soo Jang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon, Korea
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The development of a sensitive and specific ELISA for mouse eosinophil peroxidase: assessment of eosinophil degranulation ex vivo and in models of human disease. J Immunol Methods 2011; 375:138-47. [PMID: 22019643 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2011.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2011] [Revised: 10/03/2011] [Accepted: 10/05/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Mouse models of eosinophilic disorders are often part of preclinical studies investigating the underlying biological mechanisms of disease pathology. The presence of extracellular eosinophil granule proteins in affected tissues is a well established and specific marker of eosinophil activation in both patients and mouse models of human disease. Unfortunately, assessments of granule proteins in the mouse have been limited by the availability of specific antibodies and a reliance on assays of released enzymatic activities that are often neither sensitive nor eosinophil specific. The ability to detect immunologically and quantify the presence of a mouse eosinophil granule protein in biological fluids and/or tissue extracts was achieved by the generation of monoclonal antibodies specific for eosinophil peroxidase (EPX). This strategy identified unique pairs of antibodies with high avidity to the target protein and led to the development of a unique sandwich ELISA for the detection of EPX. Full factorial design was used to develop this ELISA, generating an assay that is eosinophil-specific and nearly 10 times more sensitive than traditional OPD-based detection methods of peroxidase activity. The added sensitivity afforded by this novel assay was used to detect and quantify eosinophil degranulation in several settings, including bronchoalveolar fluid from OVA sensitized/challenged mice (an animal model of asthma), serum samples derived from peripheral blood recovered from the tail vasculature, and from purified mouse eosinophils stimulated ex vivo with platelet activating factor (PAF) and PAF + ionomycin. This ability to assess mouse eosinophil degranulation represents a specific, sensitive, and reproducible assay that fulfills a critical need in studies of eosinophil-associated pathologies in mice.
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