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Salim EI, Alabasy MM, Nashar EME, Al-Zahrani NS, Alzahrani MA, Guo Z, Beltagy DM, Shahen M. Molecular interactions between metformin and D-limonene inhibit proliferation and promote apoptosis in breast and liver cancer cells. BMC Complement Med Ther 2024; 24:185. [PMID: 38711049 PMCID: PMC11071183 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-024-04453-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer is a fatal disease that severely affects humans. Designing new anticancer strategies and understanding the mechanism of action of anticancer agents is imperative. HYPOTHESIS/PURPOSE In this study, we evaluated the utility of metformin and D-limonene, alone or in combination, as potential anticancer therapeutics using the human liver and breast cancer cell lines HepG2 and MCF-7. STUDY DESIGN An integrated systems pharmacology approach is presented for illustrating the molecular interactions between metformin and D-limonene. METHODS We applied a systems-based analysis to introduce a drug-target-pathway network that clarifies different mechanisms of treatment. The combination treatment of metformin and D-limonene induced apoptosis in both cell lines compared with single drug treatments, as indicated by flow cytometric and gene expression analysis. RESULTS The mRNA expression of Bax and P53 genes were significantly upregulated while Bcl-2, iNOS, and Cox-2 were significantly downregulated in all treatment groups compared with normal cells. The percentages of late apoptotic HepG2 and MCF-7 cells were higher in all treatment groups, particularly in the combination treatment group. Calculations for the combination index (CI) revealed a synergistic effect between both drugs for HepG2 cells (CI = 0.14) and MCF-7 cells (CI = 0.22). CONCLUSION Our data show that metformin, D-limonene, and their combinations exerted significant antitumor effects on the cancer cell lines by inducing apoptosis and modulating the expression of apoptotic genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elsayed I Salim
- Department of Zoology, Research Lab of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, 31527, Egypt.
| | - Mona M Alabasy
- Department of Zoology, Research Lab of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, 31527, Egypt
| | - Eman M El Nashar
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, 62529, Saudi Arabia
| | - Norah S Al-Zahrani
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, 62529, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed A Alzahrani
- Internal Medicine Department, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, 62529, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zihu Guo
- College of Life Science, Center of Bioinformatics, Northwest A and F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Doha M Beltagy
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Shahen
- Department of Zoology, Research Lab of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, 31527, Egypt.
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Ganamé HT, Karanga Y, Tapsoba I, Dicato M, Diederich MF, Cerella C, Sawadogo RW. Phytochemical Screening and Antioxidant and Cytotoxic Effects of Acacia macrostachya. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10071353. [PMID: 34371557 PMCID: PMC8309326 DOI: 10.3390/plants10071353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Acacia macrostachya is used in Burkina Faso folk medicine for the treatment of inflammation and cancer. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant and cytotoxic effects of this plant. The cytotoxic effects of root (dichloromethane B1 and methanol B2) and stem (dichloromethane B3 and methanol B4) bark extracts of A. macrostachya were assessed on chronic K562 and acute U937 myeloid leukemia cancer cells using trypan blue, Hoechst, and MitoTracker Red staining methods. The antioxidant content of extracts was evaluated using DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl) and FRAP (ferric reducing antioxidant power) methods. The root bark extracts B1 and B2 of A. macrostachya demonstrated higher cytotoxicity with IC50 values in a low µg/mL range on both U937 and K562 cells, while the stem bark B4 extract selectively affected U937 cells. Overall, healthy proliferating peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pPBMCs) were not or barely impacted in the range of concentrations cytotoxic to cancer cells. In addition, A. macrostachya exhibited significant antioxidant content with 646.06 and 428.08 µg ET/mg of extract for the B4 and B2 extracts, respectively. Phytochemical screening showed the presence of flavonoids, tannins, alkaloids, and terpenoids/steroids. The results of this study highlight the interest of A. macrostachya extracts for the isolation of anticancer molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamidou Têeda Ganamé
- Laboratoire de Chimie Analytique, Environnementale et Bio-Organique (LCAEBiO), Université Joseph KI-ZERBO, Ouagadougou 03 BP 7021, Burkina Faso; (H.T.G.); (Y.K.); (I.T.)
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire du Cancer (LBMCC), Hôpital Kirchberg, L-2540 Luxembourg, Luxembourg;
| | - Yssouf Karanga
- Laboratoire de Chimie Analytique, Environnementale et Bio-Organique (LCAEBiO), Université Joseph KI-ZERBO, Ouagadougou 03 BP 7021, Burkina Faso; (H.T.G.); (Y.K.); (I.T.)
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Matériaux et de l’Environnement (LCME), Université Norbert ZONGO, Avce Maurice Yameogo, Koudougou BP 376, Burkina Faso
| | - Issa Tapsoba
- Laboratoire de Chimie Analytique, Environnementale et Bio-Organique (LCAEBiO), Université Joseph KI-ZERBO, Ouagadougou 03 BP 7021, Burkina Faso; (H.T.G.); (Y.K.); (I.T.)
| | - Mario Dicato
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire du Cancer (LBMCC), Hôpital Kirchberg, L-2540 Luxembourg, Luxembourg;
| | | | - Claudia Cerella
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire du Cancer (LBMCC), Hôpital Kirchberg, L-2540 Luxembourg, Luxembourg;
- Correspondence: (C.C.); (R.W.S.); Tel.: +352-2468-4050 (C.C.); +226-70-24-57-96 (R.W.S.)
| | - Richard Wamtinga Sawadogo
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé (IRSS/CNRST), Ouagadougou 03 BP 7192, Burkina Faso
- Correspondence: (C.C.); (R.W.S.); Tel.: +352-2468-4050 (C.C.); +226-70-24-57-96 (R.W.S.)
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Evaluation of chemical constituents and in vitro antimicrobial, antioxidant and cytotoxicity potential of rhizome of Astilbe rivularis (Bodho-okhati), an indigenous medicinal plant from Eastern Himalayan region of India. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2019; 19:200. [PMID: 31382946 PMCID: PMC6683329 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-019-2621-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Background Astilbe rivularisL. is an indigenous medicinal plant growing in high altitude of Darjeeling Himalayan region of India and Nepal. The plant rhizome has been used traditionally as medicine by local tribes to treat various ailments including infectious and other diseases. The present study aims to evaluate the plant rhizome for chemical composition and in vitro antioxidant, antibacterial and cytotoxic bioactivities. Methods The methanolic extract of rhizome was analyzed for phytochemical constituents by biochemical and GC-MS methods. The antibacterial property of the extract was monitored by agar well diffusion assay. Antioxidant potential was assessed by in vitro DPPH and ABTS scavenging assays and scavenging of induced ROS in normal cell line using fluorescent probe 2′, 7′- dichlorofluorescin diacetate. Cytotoxic effect of the extract in cancer and normal cell lines was determined by MTT assay. Results Rhizome methanolic extract contained terpenoids, flavonoids, tannins, phenols, alkaloids, saponins and reducing sugars. Further analysis of extract by GC-MS showed the presence of nine major constituents belonging to terpenoids and fatty acid groups. The extract had marked in vitro ROS scavenging activity and moderate antibacterial activity against gram positive and gram negative bacteria. It showed cytotoxicity to neuroblastoma (SHSY5Y) cell line with IC50 value < 100 μg ml− 1 but had least damaging effect on normal cells, like human embryonic kidney (HEK-293) and liver (WRL-68) cell lines. Conclusion The study suggests that Astilbe rivularis has potential as source of new potent antibacterial, antioxidant and anticancer agents. Further studies on purification and characterization of active compounds from Astilbe rivularis and their biological evaluation are highly recommended.
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Lindamulage IKS, Soysa P. Evaluation of anticancer properties of a decoction containing Adenanthera pavonina L. and Thespesia populnea L. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2016; 16:70. [PMID: 26896952 PMCID: PMC4761162 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-016-1053-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background A decoction composed of Adenanthera pavonina L. and Thespesia populnea L. is currently being used in the treatment of cancer patients. Methods Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) release, (3-(4, 5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) MTT, and Sulforhodamine B (SRB) assays were carried out to study cytotoxicity and anti-proliferative activity against the HEp-2 cells, 24 h post-treatment with the decoction. Results The mean (± SD) values of EC50 were 195.50 (±40.68), 120.02 (±29.82) and 77.06 (±8.80) μg/ml for LDH, MTT, and SRB assays respectively. These results strongly correlate the morphological changes observed in cells treated with the decoction. Induction of apoptosis was visualized by fluorescence microscopy stained with ethidium bromide/acridine orange dye mix. In addition, brine shrimp lethality assay showed an EC50 value at a higher concentration (1.96 mg/mL). Conclusions These results suggest that the decoction prepared with Adenanthera pavonina L. and Thespesia populnea L. exhibits anti-proliferative activity and induces apoptosis on the HEp-2 cancer cells but no toxicity against Artemia salina.
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Rahal A, . M, Verma AK, . AK, . RT, . SK, . SC, . KD. Phytonutrients and Nutraceuticals in Vegetables and Their Multi-dimensional Medicinal and Health Benefits for Humans and Their Companion Animals: A Review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.3923/jbs.2014.1.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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The Conyza triloba extracts with high chlorophyll content and free radical scavenging activity had anticancer activity in cell lines. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:945638. [PMID: 23781512 PMCID: PMC3677016 DOI: 10.1155/2013/945638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2013] [Revised: 04/03/2013] [Accepted: 04/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The discovery of anticancer agents paradigm has been shifted to natural resources to overcome the toxicity of many synthetic agents at early clinical stages. In the present study, the antimutagenic, anticancer, phytochemistry, and free radical scavenging activities of five extracts of Conyza triloba were investigated. Extracts II (water : methanol), III (methylene chloride), and IV (methylene chloride : methanol) had the highest chlorophyll content and the highest superoxide scavenging, and metal chelating activities comparable to that of trolox. They also showed DPPH• scavenging activities better than that of α-tocopherol. Virtually all extracts exerted a strong (>40% reduction) antimutagenic activity against sodium azide and benzopyrene. Extracts II, III, and IV showed a remarkable growth inhibition profile with GI50 of 0.07–0.87 μg for Hepa1c1c7 and H4IIE1, A549, HT29, and PC3 cell lines and totally abated the growth of all cell lines, except for the breast cells, at 0.3–7.0 μg. The present study found a strong correlation between the chlorophyll content of Conyza extracts and their DDPH scavenging, metal chelating, and in vitro cytotoxic and cytostatic activities most probably through triggering apoptosis. This study could offer a platform for future studies and help selecting the vital features that identify the extract with potential anticancer activities.
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Lim SW, Ting KN, Bradshaw TD, Zeenathul NA, Wiart C, Khoo TJ, Lim KH, Loh HS. Acalypha wilkesiana extracts induce apoptosis by causing single strand and double strand DNA breaks. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2011; 138:616-23. [PMID: 22008878 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2011.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2011] [Revised: 07/26/2011] [Accepted: 10/03/2011] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The seeds of Acalypha wilkesiana have been used empirically by traditional healers in Southwest Nigeria together with other plants as a powder mixture to treat patients with breast tumours and inflammation. AIM OF THE STUDY There is an increasing interest among researchers in searching for new anticancer drugs from natural resources, particularly plants. This study aimed to investigate the anticancer properties of Acalypha wilkesiana extracts and the characteristics of DNA damage against brain and lung cancer cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS The antiproliferative activity of Acalypha wilkesiana extracts (ethyl acetate, hexane, and ethanol) was examined on human glioma (U87MG), human lung carcinoma (A549), and human lung fibroblast (MRC5) cells. RESULTS Cell viability MTT assay revealed that ethyl acetate extract of the plant possessed significant antiproliferative effects against both U87MG (GI(50)=28.03 ± 6.44 μg/ml) and A549 (GI(50)=89.63 ± 2.12 μg/ml) cells (p value<0.0001). The hexane extract was found to exhibit crucial antiproliferative effects on U87MG (GI(50)=166.30 ± 30.50 μg/ml) (p value<0.0001) but not on A549 cells. Neither plant extract possessed noticeable antiproliferative effects on the non-cancerous MRC5 cells (GI(50)>300 μg/ml). The ethanol extract showed no antiproliferative effects on any cell line examined. Haematoxylin & Eosin (H & E) staining and single cell gel electrophoresis (SCGE) comet assay confirmed that plant extract-treated cells underwent apoptosis and not necrosis. SCGE comet assays confirmed that plant extracts caused both single strand (SSB) and double strand (DSB) DNA breaks that led to the execution of apoptosis. CONCLUSION The extracts (especially ethyl acetate and hexane) of Acalypha wilkesiana possess valuable cytotoxic effects that trigger apoptosis in U87MG and A549 cancer cells through induction of DNA SSBs and DSBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- S W Lim
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, Malaysia
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Sawadogo WR, Maciuk A, Banzouzi JT, Champy P, Figadere B, Guissou IP, Nacoulma OG. Mutagenic effect, antioxidant and anticancer activities of six medicinal plants from Burkina Faso. Nat Prod Res 2011; 26:575-9. [PMID: 21809951 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2010.534737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The antiproliferative activities of six medicinal plant extracts from Burkina Faso were evaluated in order to justify their traditional use for the treatment of cancer. The SOS chromotest method was used in vitro on Escherichia coli PQ37 to evaluate the mutagenic effect of the plant extracts. The DPPH method was used to evaluate the antioxidant activity of each plant. The antiproliferative activity was evaluated by MTS method on normal cells (Vero and MCR5) and cancer cells (KB) in contact with the extracts for 72 h. The results showed that the studied plants are not genotoxic. Lantana ukambensis and Acacia macrostachya induced a very significant antiproliferative effect against cancer cells with 94% and 95%, respectively. They also developed a strong antioxidant activity. The IC₅₀ values were 5.96 ± 0.40 µg mL⁻¹ for L. ukambensis and 4.30 ± 0.26 µg mL⁻¹ for A. macrostachya. These two plants are therefore potential sources for isolating new antioxidant and anticancer molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- W R Sawadogo
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé, University of Ouagadougou, 03 BP 7192 Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso.
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Zahan R, Alam MB, Islam MS, Sarker GC, Chowdhury NS, Hosain SB, Mosaddik M, Jesmin M, Haque ME. Anticancer Activity of Alangium salvifolium Flower in Ehrlich Ascites Carcinoma Bearing Mice. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.3923/ijcr.2011.254.262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Islam MS, Alam MB, Zahan R, Sarker G, Chowdhury N, Khan MM, Hasan M, Rahman MS, Mosaddik M, Jesmin M, Haque ME. In vitro Antioxidant and Anti-neoplastic Activities of Ocimum sanctum Leaves in Ehrlich Ascites Carcinoma Bearing Mice. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.3923/ijcr.2011.209.221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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De Barba FF, Silveira ML, Piloni BU, Furlan SA, Pinho MS. Influence of Pleurotus djamor Bioactive Substances on the Survival Time of Mice Inoculated with Sarcoma 180. INT J PHARMACOL 2011. [DOI: 10.3923/ijp.2011.478.484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Sodde V, Dashora N, Prabhu K, Lobo R. Evaluation of Anticancer Activity of Macrosolen parasiticus (L.) Danser on Ehrlich's Ascites Carcinoma Treated Mice. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.3923/ijcr.2011.135.143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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