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Li WJ, Chen PP, Sui LY, Sun SC. Temporal genetic variation mediated by climate change-induced salinity decline, a study on Artemia (Crustacea: Anostraca) from Kyêbxang Co, a high altitude salt lake on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Gene 2024; 902:148160. [PMID: 38219874 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2024.148160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is one of the areas the richest in salt lakes and Artemia sites. As a result of climate warming and wetting, the areas of salt lakes on the plateau have been increasing, and the salinities have decreased considerably since 1990s. However, the impact of salinity change on the genetic diversity of Artemia is still unknown. Kyêbxang Co is the highest (4620 m above sea level) salt lake currently with commercial harvesting of Artemia resting eggs in the world, and harbors the largest Artemia population on the plateau. Its salinity had dropped from ∼67 ppt in 1998 to ∼39 ppt in 2019. Using 13 microsatellite markers and the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase submit I (COI) gene, we analyzed the temporal changes of genetic diversity, effective population size and genetic structure of this Artemia population based on samples collected in 1998, 2007 and 2019. Our results revealed a steady decline of genetic diversity and significant genetic differentiation among the sampling years, which may be a consequence of genetic drift and the selection of decreased salinity. A decline of effective population size was also detected, which may be relative to the fluctuation in census population size, skewed sex ratio, and selection of the declined salinity. In 2007 and 2019, the Artemia population showed an excess of heterozygosity and significant deviation from Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium (p < 0.001), which may be associated with the heterozygote advantage under low salinity. To comprehensively understand the impact of climate warming and wetting on Artemia populations on the plateau, further investigation with broad and intensive sampling are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Jie Li
- Fisheries College, and Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Pan-Pan Chen
- Fisheries College, and Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Li-Ying Sui
- Asian Regional Artemia Reference Center, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Shi-Chun Sun
- Fisheries College, and Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266000, China.
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Yang JY, Sun SC. Combined effects of temperature, photoperiod, and salinity on reproduction of the brine shrimp Artemia sinica (Crustacea: Anostraca). PeerJ 2023; 11:e15945. [PMID: 37780379 PMCID: PMC10538291 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.15945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Artemia sinica is a brine shrimp species distributed in hypersaline salt lakes in northern China and Siberia and a successful invasive species in some coastal salterns. Although it is a commercially harvested and cultured species, knowledge of its reproductive characteristics is limited, and existing studies are often contradictory. The combined effects of temperature, salinity, and photoperiod on reproduction characteristics are experimentally studied to better understand its reproductive features. Methods There were 36 combinations of three environmental factors (3 × 3 × 4), each with three or four levels, namely temperature (16, 25, 30 °C), photoperiod (6 L:18 D, 12 L:12D, 18 L:6D), and salinity (50, 100, 150, 200 PSU). In each treatment, 48 to 80 pairs of A. sinica from Yuncheng Salt Lake (Shanxi, China) were cultured. Females were observed daily for reproductive mode and the number of offspring produced. Results Temperature, photoperiod, salinity, and their interactions significantly affected the lifespan and reproduction of A. sinica. The reproductive period was the longest and accounted for the largest proportion of life span at moderate temperature (25 °C). Total offspring, offspring per brood, and offspring per day increased as salinity decreased, and the number of broods per female was highest at 25 °C. Temperature, photoperiod, and salinity significantly influenced reproductive modes, and interactions among these factors were identified. Artemia sinica primarily reproduces oviparously under low temperature and short daylight conditions, and ovoviviparously under high temperature and long daylight conditions, with the maximum oviparity ratio recorded in treatments of 16 °C, 6L:18D, and 50 or 100 PSU. The maximum ovoviviparity ratio was recorded under 30 °C, 12L:12D, and 100 PSU. Unlike that documented for other Artemia species or populations, the brood size of A. sinica kept increasing throughout the reproductive period. It did not decline even in the last two broods. For the same brood number, the sizes of oviparous and ovoviviparous broods were similar. The length of the oviparous interval was often greater than that of the ovoviviparous interval, suggesting that oviparous offspring might require additional energy and time to construct the multi-layered eggshell. Compared to other species and populations, the A. sinica from Yuncheng Salt Lake has a relatively shorter pre-reproductive development time, a preference for ovoviviparity, and relatively higher fecundity and population growth capacity, making it a suitable culture species for obtaining fresh biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Yu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), and Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Shi-Chun Sun
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), and Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, China
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Andaryani S, Nourani V, Abbasnejad H, Koch J, Stisen S, Klöve B, Haghighi AT. Spatio-temporal analysis of climate and irrigated vegetation cover changes and their role in lake water level depletion using a pixel-based approach and canonical correlation analysis. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 873:162326. [PMID: 36842572 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Lake Urmia, located in northwest Iran, was among the world's largest hypersaline lakes but has now experienced a 7 m decrease in water level, from 1278 m to 1271 over 1996 to 2019. There is doubt as to whether the pixel-based analysis (PBA) approach's answer to the lake's drying is a natural process or a result of human intervention. Here, a non-parametric Mann-Kendall trend test was applied to a 21-year record (2000-2020) of satellite data products, i.e., temperature, precipitation, snow cover, and irrigated vegetation cover (IVC). The Google Earth Engine (GEE) cloud-computing platform utilized over 10 sub-basins in three provinces surrounding Lake Urmia to obtain and calculate pixel-based monthly and seasonal scales for the products. Canonical correlation analysis was employed in order to understand the correlation between variables and lake water level (LWL). The trend analysis results show significant increases in temperature (from 1 to 2 °C during 2000-2020) over May-September, i.e., in 87 %-25 % of the basin. However, precipitation has seen an insignificant decrease (from 3 to 9 mm during 2000-2019) in the rainy months (April and May). Snow cover has also decreased and, when compared with precipitation, shows a change in precipitation patterns from snow to rain. IVC has increased significantly in all sub-basins, especially the southern parts of the lake, with the West province making the largest contribution to the development of IVC. According to the PBA, this analysis underpins the very high contribution of IVC to the drying of the lake in more detail, although the contribution of climate change in this matter is also apparent. The development of IVC leads to increased water consumption through evapotranspiration and excess evaporation caused by the storage of water for irrigation. Due to the decreased runoff caused by consumption exceeding the basin's capacity, the lake cannot be fed sufficiently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soghra Andaryani
- Center of Excellence in Hydroinformatics and Faculty of Civil Engineering, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran; Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland, GEUS, Øster Voldgade 10, 1350 Copenhagen K, Denmark.
| | - Vahid Nourani
- Center of Excellence in Hydroinformatics and Faculty of Civil Engineering, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran; Near East University, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Near East Boulevard, 99138, via Mersin 10, Turkey
| | | | - Julian Koch
- Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland, GEUS, Øster Voldgade 10, 1350 Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | - Simon Stisen
- Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland, GEUS, Øster Voldgade 10, 1350 Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | - Björn Klöve
- Water, Energy and Environmental Engineering Research Unit, University of Oulu, 90570 Oulu, Finland
| | - Ali Torabi Haghighi
- Water, Energy and Environmental Engineering Research Unit, University of Oulu, 90570 Oulu, Finland
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4
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Parsinejad M, Rosenberg DE, Ghale YAG, Khazaei B, Null SE, Raja O, Safaie A, Sima S, Sorooshian A, Wurtsbaugh WA. 40-years of Lake Urmia restoration research: Review, synthesis and next steps. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 832:155055. [PMID: 35395306 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Public concern over environmental issues such as ecosystem degradation is high. However, restoring coupled human-natural systems requires integration across many science, technology, engineering, management, and governance topics that are presently fragmented. Here, we synthesized 544 peer-reviewed articles published through September 2020 on the desiccation and nascent recovery of Lake Urmia in northwest Iran. We answered nine questions of scientific and popular interest about causes, impacts, stabilization, recovery, and next steps. We find: (1) Expansion of irrigated agriculture, dam construction, and mismanagement impacted the lake more than temperature increases and precipitation decreases. (2) Aerosols from Lake Urmia's exposed lakebed are negatively impacting human health. (3) Researchers disagree on how a new causeway breach will impact salinity, evaporation, and ecosystems in the lake's north and south arms. (4) Most researchers tried to restore to a single, uniform, government specified lake level of 1274.1 m intended to recover Artemia. (5) The Iranian government motivated and funded a large and growing body of lake research. (6) Ecological and limnological studies mostly focused on salinity, Artemia, and Flamingos. (7) Few studies shared data, and only three studies reported engagement with stakeholders or managers. (8) Researchers focused on an integration pathway of climate downscaling, reservoirs, agricultural water releases, and lake level. (9) Numerous suggestions to improve farmer livelihoods and governance require implementation. We see an overarching next step for lake recovery is to couple human and natural system components. Examples include: (a) describe and monitor the system food webs, hydrologic, and human components; (b) adapt management to monitored conditions such as lake level, lake evaporation, lake salinity, and migratory bird populations; (c) improve livelihoods for poor, chronically stressed farmers beyond agriculture; (d) manage for diverse ecosystem services and lake levels; (e) engage all segments of society; (f) integrate across restoration topics while building capacity to share data, models, and code; and (g) cultivate longer-term two-way exchanges and public support. These restoration steps apply in different degrees to other Iranian ecosystems and lakes worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoud Parsinejad
- Department of Irrigation and Reclamation Engineering, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Iran.
| | - David E Rosenberg
- Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Utah Water Research Lab, Utah State University, 8200 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322-8200, USA.
| | - Yusuf Alizade Govarchin Ghale
- Climate and Marine Sciences Department, Earth System Science Program, Eurasia Institute of Earth Sciences, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Bahram Khazaei
- Research Application Laboratory, NCAR, Boulder, CO, USA.
| | - Sarah E Null
- Watershed Sciences Dept., Utah State University, 5210 Old Main Hill, NR 210, Logan, UT 54322-5210, USA.
| | - Omid Raja
- Department of Irrigation and Reclamation Engineering, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Iran.
| | - Ammar Safaie
- Department of Civil Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, P. O. Box 11365-9313, Azadi Ave., Tehran, Iran.
| | - Somayeh Sima
- Faculty of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Jalal Ale Ahmad Highway, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Armin Sorooshian
- Dept. of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Arizona, PO Box 210011, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA; Department of Hydrology and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Arizona, PO Box 210011, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.
| | - Wayne A Wurtsbaugh
- Watershed Sciences Dept., Utah State University, 8200 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322-5210, USA.
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New integrated hydrologic approach for the assessment of rivers environmental flows into the Urmia Lake. Sci Rep 2022; 12:8110. [PMID: 35577809 PMCID: PMC9110391 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-10262-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent research has greatly focused on the environmental water supplement of rivers individually and independently. However, a comprehensive and integrated view of all rivers in the basin is simultaneously required in closed basins leading to lakes and wetlands. This has affected Lake Urmia, which is the second largest saltwater lake in the world. It has been in danger of drying up in recent years as a result of not allocating the required environmental flow (e-flow) due to the increase in water resource consumption in the agricultural sector and climate changes. In this study, a method derived from the flow duration curve shifting (FDCS) method is presented in addition to explaining the possibility of providing the e-flow of rivers leading to the lake. The method can make the least amount of change in the hydrological characteristics of rivers while providing the volume of required water by the ecosystem of lakes or downstream wetlands. Unlike the conventional method which presents the results on a monthly basis, the above-mentioned method is based on daily data of hydrometric stations and can calculate the amount of the environmental requirement of rivers in real-time according to the upstream inlet of the river. This method has been used in the Urmia Lake basin. According to the results, it can provide the environmental requirement of the lake by allocating 70.5% of the annual flow of rivers and thus can save the lake and the ecosystem of the region from the current critical conditions.
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Nhu VH, Mohammadi A, Shahabi H, Shirzadi A, Al-Ansari N, Ahmad BB, Chen W, Khodadadi M, Ahmadi M, Khosravi K, Jaafari A, Nguyen H. Monitoring and Assessment of Water Level Fluctuations of the Lake Urmia and Its Environmental Consequences Using Multitemporal Landsat 7 ETM + Images. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17124210. [PMID: 32545634 PMCID: PMC7345176 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17124210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
The declining water level in Lake Urmia has become a significant issue for Iranian policy and decision makers. This lake has been experiencing an abrupt decrease in water level and is at real risk of becoming a complete saline land. Because of its position, assessment of changes in the Lake Urmia is essential. This study aims to evaluate changes in the water level of Lake Urmia using the space-borne remote sensing and GIS techniques. Therefore, multispectral Landsat 7 ETM+ images for the years 2000, 2010, and 2017 were acquired. In addition, precipitation and temperature data for 31 years between 1986 and 2017 were collected for further analysis. Results indicate that the increased temperature (by 19%), decreased rainfall of about 62%, and excessive damming in the Urmia Basin along with mismanagement of water resources are the key factors in the declining water level of Lake Urmia. Furthermore, the current research predicts the potential environmental crisis as the result of the lake shrinking and suggests a few possible alternatives. The insights provided by this study can be beneficial for environmentalists and related organizations working on this and similar topics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viet-Ha Nhu
- Geographic Information Science Research Group, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam;
- Faculty of Environment and Labour Safety, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
| | - Ayub Mohammadi
- Department of Remote Sensing and GIS, University of Tabriz, Tabriz 51666-16471, Iran;
| | - Himan Shahabi
- Department of Geomorphology, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj 66177-15175, Iran;
- Board Member of Department of Zrebar Lake Environmental Research, Kurdistan Studies Institute, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj 66177-15175, Iran
| | - Ataollah Shirzadi
- Department of Rangeland and Watershed Management, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj 66177-15175, Iran;
| | - Nadhir Al-Ansari
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Lulea University of Technology, 971 87 Lulea, Sweden
- Correspondence: (N.A.-A.); (H.N.)
| | - Baharin Bin Ahmad
- Department of Geoinformation, Faculty of Built Environment and Surveying, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Johor Bahru 81310, Malaysia;
| | - Wei Chen
- College of Geology & Environment, Xi’an University of Science and Technology, Xi’an 710054, China;
- Key Laboratory of Coal Resources Exploration and Comprehensive Utilization, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xi’an 710021, China
| | - Masood Khodadadi
- School of Business and Creative Industries, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley PA1 2BE, UK;
| | - Mehdi Ahmadi
- Department of Geomorphology, Faculty of Planning and Environmental Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz 51666-16471, Iran;
| | - Khabat Khosravi
- School of Engineering, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada;
| | - Abolfazl Jaafari
- Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Agricultural Research, Education, and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran P.O. Box 64414-356, Iran;
| | - Hoang Nguyen
- Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang 550000, Vietnam
- Correspondence: (N.A.-A.); (H.N.)
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A Zero-Liquid Discharge Model for a Transient Solar-Powered Desalination System for Greenhouse. WATER 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/w12051440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The need for sustainable desalination arises from fast-occurring global warming and intensifying droughts due to increasing temperatures, particularly in the Middle East and North African (MENA) regions. Lack of water resources has meant that the countries in these regions have had to desalinate seawater through different sustainable technologies for food supplies and agricultural products. Greenhouses (GH) are used to protect crops from harsh climates, creating a controlled environment requiring less water. In order to have a sustainable resilient GH, a zero-liquid-discharge system (ZLD) was developed by using solar still (SS) desalination techniques, humidification-dehumidification (HDH), and rainwater harvesting. An experiment was designed and carried out by designing and manufacturing a wick type solar still, together with an HDH system, implemented into a GH. Using a pyrometer, the solar intensity was recorded, while the microclimate conditions (temperature and relative humidity) of the GH were also monitored. The GH model was tested in the UK and was shown to be a successful standalone model, providing its water requirements. In the UK, for one solar still with a surface area of 0.72 m2, maximum amount of 58 mL of distilled water was achieved per day. In Egypt, a maximum amount of 1090 mL water was collected per day, from each solar still. This difference is mainly due to the differences in the solar radiation intensity and duration in addition to the temperature variance. While dehumidification generated 7 L of distilled water, rainwater harvesting was added as another solution to the greenhouse in the UK, harvested a maximum of 7 L per day from one side (half the area of the greenhouse roof). This helped to compensate for the less distilled water from the solar stills. The results for the developed greenhouses showed how GHs in countries with different weather conditions could be standalone systems for their agricultural water requirement.
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Schulz S, Darehshouri S, Hassanzadeh E, Tajrishy M, Schüth C. Climate change or irrigated agriculture - what drives the water level decline of Lake Urmia. Sci Rep 2020; 10:236. [PMID: 31937881 PMCID: PMC6959231 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-57150-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Lake Urmia is one of the largest hypersaline lakes on earth with a unique biodiversity. Over the past two decades the lake water level declined dramatically, threatening the functionality of the lake's ecosystems. There is a controversial debate about the reasons for this decline, with either mismanagement of the water resources, or climatic changes assumed to be the main cause. In this study we quantified the water budget components of Lake Urmia and analyzed their temporal evolution and interplay over the last five decades. With this we can show that variations of Lake Urmia's water level during the analyzed period were mainly triggered by climatic changes. However, under the current climatic conditions agricultural water extraction volumes are significant compared to the remaining surface water inflow volumes. Changes in agricultural water withdrawal would have a significant impact on the lake volume and could either stabilize the lake, or lead to its complete collapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Schulz
- Technische Universität Darmstadt, Institute of Applied Geosciences, Schnittspahnstr. 9, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany.
| | - Sahand Darehshouri
- Technische Universität Darmstadt, Institute of Applied Geosciences, Schnittspahnstr. 9, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Elmira Hassanzadeh
- Polytechnique Montréal - Department of Civil, Geological and Mining Engineering, Montreal, Canada
| | - Massoud Tajrishy
- Sharif University of Technology, Urmia Lake Restoration Program, Department of Civil Engineering, Azadi Ave, P.O.Box: 11155, 9313, Tehran, Iran
| | - Christoph Schüth
- Technische Universität Darmstadt, Institute of Applied Geosciences, Schnittspahnstr. 9, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
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Mohebzadeh H, Fallah M. Quantitative analysis of water balance components in Lake Urmia, Iran using remote sensing technology. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rsase.2018.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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10
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Tapeworm larvae in Artemia franciscana (Crustacea: Anostraca) in the Godolphin lakes of Dubai (United Arab Emirates) throughout an annual cycle. J Helminthol 2018; 94:e5. [PMID: 30369336 DOI: 10.1017/s0022149x18000913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
A total of 1840 brine shrimps (Artemia franciscana) were examined for cestode larvae at monthly intervals between November 2015 and June 2016. Of these, 663 (36.03%) specimens were infected with cysticercoids of seven cestode species in numbers between one and sixteen. During the first four months of examination, the percentage of infected shrimps was low but rose significantly with increasing temperatures in March, reaching maximum values in May. Flamingolepis liguloides and Flamingolepis flamingo showed the highest prevalence overall, at 25.3 and 10.7%, respectively. The intensity of infection was 1-10 and 1-4 cysticercoids, respectively. Eurycestus avoceti, Wardium stellorae, Gynandrotaenia stammeri, Anomotaenia tringae and Confluaria podicipina occurred at lower prevalence of 4.5, 3.2, 1.7, 0.3 and 0.05%, respectively. Up to four species were detected in one host.
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11
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Turola E, Petta S, Vanni E, Milosa F, Valenti L, Critelli R, Miele L, Maccio L, Calvaruso V, Fracanzani AL, Bianchini M, Raos N, Bugianesi E, Mercorella S, Di Giovanni M, Craxì A, Fargion S, Grieco A, Cammà C, Cotelli F, Villa E. Ovarian senescence increases liver fibrosis in humans and zebrafish with steatosis. Dis Model Mech 2015; 8:1037-46. [PMID: 26183212 PMCID: PMC4582103 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.019950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2015] [Accepted: 07/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Contrasting data exist on the effect of gender and menopause on the susceptibility, development and liver damage progression in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Our aim was to assess whether menopause is associated with the severity of liver fibrosis in individuals with NAFLD and to explore the issue of ovarian senescence in experimental liver steatosis in zebrafish. In 244 females and age-matched males with biopsy-proven NAFLD, we assessed anthropometric, biochemical and metabolic features, including menopausal status (self-reported); liver biopsy was scored according to 'The Pathology Committee of the NASH Clinical Research Network'. Young and old male and female zebrafish were fed for 24 weeks with a high-calorie diet. Weekly body mass index (BMI), histopathological examination and quantitative real-time PCR analysis on genes involved in lipid metabolism, inflammation and fibrosis were performed. In the entire cohort, at multivariate logistic regression, male gender [odds ratio (OR): 1.408, 95% confidence interval (95% CI): 0.779-2.542, P=0.25] vs women at reproductive age was not associated with F2-F4 fibrosis, whereas a trend was observed for menopause (OR: 1.752, 95% CI: 0.956-3.208, P=0.06). In women, menopause (OR: 2.717, 95% CI: 1.020-7.237, P=0.04) was independently associated with F2-F4 fibrosis. Similarly, in overfed zebrafish, old female fish with failing ovarian function [as demonstrated by extremely low circulating estradiol levels (1.4±0.1 pg/µl) and prevailing presence of atretic follicles in the ovaries] developed massive steatosis and substantial fibrosis (comparable with that occurring in males), whereas young female fish developed less steatosis and were totally protected from the development of fibrosis. Ovarian senescence significantly increases the risk of fibrosis severity both in humans with NAFLD and in zebrafish with experimental steatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Turola
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41124 Modena, Italy
| | - Salvatore Petta
- Division of Gastroenterology, DiBiMIS, University of Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Ester Vanni
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Fabiola Milosa
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41124 Modena, Italy
| | - Luca Valenti
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Section Internal Medicine, Fondazione Ca' Granda IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milano, Italy
| | - Rosina Critelli
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41124 Modena, Italy
| | - Luca Miele
- Institute of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Livia Maccio
- Department of Pathology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41124 Modena, Italy
| | - Vincenza Calvaruso
- Division of Gastroenterology, DiBiMIS, University of Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Anna L Fracanzani
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Section Internal Medicine, Fondazione Ca' Granda IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milano, Italy
| | - Marcello Bianchini
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41124 Modena, Italy
| | - Nazarena Raos
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41124 Modena, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Bugianesi
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Serena Mercorella
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41124 Modena, Italy
| | - Marisa Di Giovanni
- Department of Pathology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41124 Modena, Italy
| | - Antonio Craxì
- Division of Gastroenterology, DiBiMIS, University of Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Silvia Fargion
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Section Internal Medicine, Fondazione Ca' Granda IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milano, Italy
| | - Antonio Grieco
- Institute of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Calogero Cammà
- Division of Gastroenterology, DiBiMIS, University of Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Franco Cotelli
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Erica Villa
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41124 Modena, Italy
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Naceur HB, Jenhani ABR, Romdhane MS. Reproduction characteristics, survival rate and sex-ratio of four brine shrimpArtemia salina(Linnaeus, 1758) populations from Tunisia cultured under laboratory conditions. INVERTEBR REPROD DEV 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/07924259.2012.713399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Khosravi S, Khodabandeh S, Agh N, Bakhtiarian M. Effects of salinity and ultraviolet radiation on the bioaccumulation of mycosporine-like amino acids in Artemia from Lake Urmia (Iran). Photochem Photobiol 2012; 89:400-5. [PMID: 22998644 DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.2012.01245.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2012] [Accepted: 08/27/2012] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the effects of salinity and artificial UV radiation on the accumulation of mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs) in sexual and parthenogenetic Artemia from Lake Urmia. The nauplii hatched from the cysts were cultured until adulthood under two salinities (150 and 250 g L(-1) ) and two light treatments (PAR and PAR+UVR) in the laboratory. Finally, the Artemia were analyzed for their concentration of MAAs. In most of the cases, the higher salinity level applied was found to increase the MAA concentrations in both Artemia populations significantly. The acquisition efficiency of MAAs in both Artemia populations increased under exposure to UVR-supplemented photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) compared to those raised under PAR, except for Porphyra-334. It was observed that combination of UV radiation and elevated salinity significantly increased the bioaccumulation of MAAs. Thus, the presence of these compounds in these populations of Artemia may increase their adaptability for living in high-UV and high-salinity conditions prevailing in Lake Urmia. Higher concentrations of MAAs in the parthenogenetic population of Artemia could be probably attributed to its mono sex nature and higher adaptation capacities to extreme environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanaz Khosravi
- Department of Marine Biology, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
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