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Yachnin D, Gharib G, Jutai J, Finestone H. Technology-assisted toilets: Improving independence and hygiene in stroke rehabilitation. J Rehabil Assist Technol Eng 2017; 4:2055668317725686. [PMID: 31186933 PMCID: PMC6453101 DOI: 10.1177/2055668317725686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose Dependence on assistance for toileting is a widespread problem for persons
receiving healthcare. Technology-assisted toilets, which hygienically wash
and dry the perineal region, are devices that could improve toileting
independence in a variety of patients. The objective was to investigate
whether technology-assisted toilets improve toileting independence, quality
of life, and whether technology-assisted toilets can provide sufficient
toileting hygiene in stroke rehabilitation. Methods This pilot study was carried out in a stroke rehabilitation unit. Thirty
participants were recruited. Participants had a bowel movement and cleaned
themselves using the technology-assisted toilet on one to three occasions.
Participants rated their toileting before using the technology-assisted
toilet and after each technology-assisted toilet use with the Psychosocial
Impact of Assistive Devices Scale (PIADS). After each session, participants
were rated for cleanliness. Results PIADS scores were analyzed from eight individual participants, five of whom
completed the full protocol. PIADS scores were significantly higher with the
technology-assisted toilet than with the participants’ regular toileting
routine (p < 0.05). Technology-assisted toilets cleaned effectively in
73% of cases (16/22, p < 0.05). Conclusion Technology-assisted toilets improved stroke patients’ psychosocial outcomes
compared to standard toileting and completely cleaned participants in the
majority of cases. A larger study should confirm technology-assisted
toilet’s benefit in stroke rehabilitation through improved independence and
hygiene.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Yachnin
- 1Bruyère Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada.,2Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Georges Gharib
- 3Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Jeffrey Jutai
- 2Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Hillel Finestone
- 1Bruyère Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada.,3Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada.,Élisabeth Bruyère Hospital, Bruyère Continuing Care, Ottawa, Canada
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Sato A, Okuda Y, Fujita T, Kimura N, Hoshina N, Kato S, Tanaka S. Cognitive and physical functions related to the level of supervision and dependence in the toileting of stroke patients. Phys Ther Res 2017; 19:32-38. [PMID: 28289579 DOI: 10.1298/ptr.e9904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to clarify which cognitive and physical factors are associated with the need for toileting assistance in stroke patients and to calculate cut-off values for discriminating between independent supervision and dependent toileting ability. METHOD This cross-sectional study included 163 first-stroke patients in nine convalescent rehabilitation wards. Based on their FIMⓇ instrument score for toileting, the patients were divided into an independent-supervision group and a dependent group. Multiple logistic regression analysis and receiver operating characteristic analysis were performed to identify factors related to toileting performance. The Minimental State Examination (MMSE); the Stroke Impairment Assessment Set (SIAS) score for the affected lower limb, speech, and visuospatial functions; and the Functional Assessment for Control of Trunk (FACT) were analyzed as independent variables. RESULT The multiple logistic regression analysis showed that the FIMⓇ instrument score for toileting was associated with the SIAS score for the affected lower limb function, MMSE, and FACT. On receiver operating characteristic analysis, the SIAS score for the affected lower limb function cut-off value was 8/7 points, the MMSE cut-off value was 25/24 points, and the FACT cut-off value was 14/13 points. CONCLUSION Affected lower limb function, cognitive function, and trunk function were related with the need for toileting assistance. These cut-off values may be useful for judging whether toileting assistance is needed in stroke patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Sato
- Department of Physical Therapy, Yachiyo Rehabilitation College
| | - Yutaka Okuda
- Department of Physical Therapy, Yachiyo Rehabilitation College
| | - Takaaki Fujita
- Department of Rehabilitation, Tohoku Fukushi University; Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Gunma University Graduate School of Health Sciences
| | - Norihiko Kimura
- Department of Physical Therapy, Yachiyo Rehabilitation College
| | - Noriyuki Hoshina
- Department of Rehabilitation, Chiba minato Rehabilitation Hospital
| | - Sayaka Kato
- Department of Rehabilitation, Yachiyo Rehabilitation Hospital
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Koike Y, Sumigawa K, Koeda S, Shiina M, Fukushi H, Tsuji T, Hara C, Tsushima H. Approaches for improving the toileting problems of hemiplegic stroke patients with poor standing balance. J Phys Ther Sci 2015; 27:877-81. [PMID: 25931750 PMCID: PMC4395734 DOI: 10.1589/jpts.27.877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2014] [Accepted: 11/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
[Purpose] Our objective was to evaluate the residual dynamic and static functionality in
the sitting position of hemiplegic stroke patients who require help to pull their lower
garments up and down during toileting. [Subjects and Methods] The subjects were 11
hemiplegic patients. We gathered data on the patients’ motor paralysis, sensory capacity,
lower extremity muscle strength, trunk control, ability to roll and sit up from a lying
position, sitting balance, and ability to pull the lower garments up and down. We then
compared 2 groups: those able to pull the lower garments up and down independently while
standing (the “independent group”), and those who were unable to do so (the
“non-independent group”). [Results] Though the non-independent group had severely and
significantly reduced trunk control and abilities as a whole, there was no significant
difference from the independent group in static and dynamic sitting balance. [Conclusion]
We conclude that, to enable hemiplegic patients with poor standing balance to pull their
lower garments up and down, it is necessary to do these maneuvers in a sitting, rather
than a standing, position, or to develop garments that are easier to put on and take
off.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Koike
- Hirosaki University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Japan
| | - Koshi Sumigawa
- Hirosaki University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Japan
| | - Shuhei Koeda
- Hirosaki University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Japan
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Koike Y, Koeda S, Sumigawa K, Tsushima H. Improved underpants to reduce toileting problems in patients with poor standing balance. J Phys Ther Sci 2015; 27:685-8. [PMID: 25931708 PMCID: PMC4395692 DOI: 10.1589/jpts.27.685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2014] [Accepted: 10/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
[Purpose] We developed and assessed improved underpants allowing patients to easily and
completely open the crotch by pulling upward a string on the back of the underpants while
seated. [Subjects and Methods] Healthy subjects tested commercial open-crotch underpants
for disabled people and our improved open-crotch underpants by opening the crotch while
seated. Measurement parameters included the percentage of crotch opening and the degree of
genital or anal exposure before and after opening the crotch, as well as fit. The
percentage of crotch opening and the degree of genital or anal exposure were recorded with
a digital camera, and fit was determined with a visual analog scale. The measurements for
both types of underpants were then compared. [Results] The commercial underpants for
disabled people allowed opening of the crotch while seated, but the exposure of the
genital and anal areas was insufficient to allow waste elimination. The improved
underpants allowed sufficient opening of the crotch while seated and adequately exposed
the genital and anal areas. The fit score of the improved underpants was significantly
better than that of the commercial underpants. [Conclusion] The improved open-crotch
underpants may allow for more effective opening of the crotch while seated than commercial
open-crotch underpants for disabled people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Koike
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hirosaki University: 66-1 Honcho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8564, Japan
| | - Shuhei Koeda
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hirosaki University: 66-1 Honcho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8564, Japan
| | - Koshi Sumigawa
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hirosaki University: 66-1 Honcho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8564, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Tsushima
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hirosaki University: 66-1 Honcho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8564, Japan
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Mathis S, Ehlman K, Dugger BR, Harrawood A, Kraft CM. Bladder Buzz: The Effect of a 6-Week Evidence-Based Staff Education Program on Knowledge and Attitudes Regarding Urinary Incontinence in a Nursing Home. J Contin Educ Nurs 2013; 44:498-506. [DOI: 10.3928/00220124-20130903-78] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2013] [Accepted: 08/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Matza LS, Brewster-Jordan J, Zyczynski TM, Bavendam T. An updated review of quality-of-life questionnaires for urinary incontinence and overactive bladder: Which ones to use and why. CURRENT BLADDER DYSFUNCTION REPORTS 2006. [DOI: 10.1007/s11884-006-0011-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Matza LS, Zyczynski TM, Bavendam T. A review of quality-of-life questionnaires for urinary incontinence and overactive bladder: which ones to use and why? Curr Urol Rep 2005; 5:336-42. [PMID: 15461908 DOI: 10.1007/s11934-004-0079-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Overactive bladder (OAB) and stress urinary incontinence have a profound impact on patients' health-related quality of life (HRQL). The purpose of this article is to identify and describe condition-specific HRQL measures validated among patients with symptoms of OAB or stress urinary incontinence. A Medline literature search was performed to identify published articles or abstracts focusing on the development and psychometric validation of relevant instruments. Target populations and psychometric properties (reliability, validity, responsiveness to change) of 16 questionnaires are reviewed. A range of well-validated, condition-specific HRQL measures are available. Recommendations are provided regarding which measures to use in different situations. When choosing among instruments, psychometric evidence and the match of an instrument to the study population should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis S Matza
- MEDTAP International, Inc., Bethesda, MD 20814, USA.
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Margalith I, Gillon G, Gordon D. Urinary incontinence in women under 65: quality of life, stress related to incontinence and patterns of seeking health care. Qual Life Res 2004; 13:1381-90. [PMID: 15503833 DOI: 10.1023/b:qure.0000040794.77438.cf] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We sought to describe quality of life, psychological stress and patterns of seeking health care (PSHC) among young and middle-aged women experiencing urinary stress incontinence (USI). Reasons and variables associated with delay in seeking care were also investigated. METHODS A sample of 131 patients, aged 22-65, filled out a questionnaire consisted of: SF-36, stress related to incontinence, patterns of seeking health care questionnaires and a 10 cm visual analogue scale (VAS) measuring perceived suffering from USI (0 indicating absence of suffering while 10 indicating most severe suffering). RESULTS Scores on eight domains of SF-36 were lower, compared to 405 Israeli healthy women (p < 0.001). Forty-one percent reported impairment in performing work and other activities. Mean scores on the VAS was 5.04 (SD: 2.59), 30% marked 7 cm and higher and 12.6% reported most severe suffering due to USI (scored 10 cm). Psychological stress related to incontinence was higher among the younger women and those with severe impairment to sexual activity. The majority of the sample (74%) delayed seeking help for at least a year, 46% delayed it for 3 years. Common reasons for delay were lack of time (36.3%), shame (15.7%) and fear of surgery (14.7%). Age, psychological stress, perceived suffering and social functioning (SF) were associated with patterns of seeking care. CONCLUSIONS USI causes suffering and impaired quality of life among young women. Reluctance to seek help highlights the need to promote women's knowledge of treatment options and cure prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilana Margalith
- Dina Academic School of Nursing, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel.
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Symonds T. A review of condition-specific instruments to assess the impact of urinary incontinence on health-related quality of life. Eur Urol 2003; 43:219-25. [PMID: 12600423 DOI: 10.1016/s0302-2838(03)00045-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
To date, severity of symptoms of urinary tract conditions, such as overactive bladder (OAB) and stress incontinence, have been the main indicators used to understand the burden on the patient. However, there is also an impact on patients' health-related quality of life (HRQoL) that should also be assessed. A literature search was conducted and all HRQoL instruments published in peer-reviewed journals were evaluated. Ten instruments were identified: general use (five); urinary urge (OAB) incontinence (four); and stress incontinence (one). Several were identified as valid instruments for assessing HRQoL in urinary incontinence patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tara Symonds
- Outcomes Research, Pfizer Global Research & Development, Sandwich Laboratories, Sandwich, Kent CT13 9NJ, UK.
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Abstract
The purpose of this study was to develop a substantive theory describing and explaining cognitive, psychosocial, and behavioural aspects of living with urinary incontinence in a nursing home. Using grounded theory methodology, data were obtained from interviews, participant observation, and minutes from meetings of resident advisory councils, and analysed concurrently using the constant comparative method. Three nursing homes located in the metropolitan area of a major American city served as sites for the study. Ethical approval was obtained from the administrator of each facility and institutional review board of a major university. Ten residents served as primary participants, consenting to provide one audiotaped formal interview, subsequent opportunities to observe and discuss their methods of bladder control, and access to their health care records. Another 33 residents from these facilities served as secondary participants, providing opportunities for observation and informal interview when their bladder control needs, issues, or methods were visible to the investigator and seemed relevant to the evolving theory. Data were collected over a period of 17 months. Findings suggest that nursing home residents with actual or potential urinary incontinence engage in a process called managing urinary incontinence. Managing urinary incontinence occurs in the context of believing that it is an inevitable part of ageing and seeking to protect physical, psychological, and social integrity. Managing urinary incontinence is a dynamic process with consequences that are influenced by the degree to which six specific strategies are used with satisfaction by the resident and supported by staff and significant others. Implications for nursing practice and research are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Robinson
- Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, College of Nursing, 180 University Avenue, Newark, NJ 07102, USA
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Morison MJ. Parents' and young people's attitudes towards bedwetting and their influence on behaviour, including readiness to engage in and persist with treatment. BRITISH JOURNAL OF UROLOGY 1998; 81 Suppl 3:56-66. [PMID: 9634022 DOI: 10.1046/j.1464-410x.1998.00010.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M J Morison
- School of Social and Health Sciences, University of Abertay, Dundee, UK
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Effective and ineffectivemanagement of incontinence: a qualitative study with implications for health professionals and health services. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s1361-9004(97)80025-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Abstract
The purposes of this article are to discuss continence in older adults from a public health perspective, to expand a previously reported conceptual model of continence health promotion, and to provide a primary prevention focus to nursing research efforts regarding continence. The conceptual model shows that there has been a strong interest in secondary and tertiary prevention strategies, but little interest in primary prevention. Use of the matrix allows the nurse researcher identify primary, secondary, or tertiary prevention research questions and the target population for study. Historically, nurses have had a central role in the care and management of incontinent people. Nurses will continue to play a critical role in the evolution of research-based practice that includes identification of risks, health promotion, and preventive nursing strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- M H Palmer
- National Institute of Nursing Research, Bethesda, Maryland
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Urinary Incontinence. Nurs Clin North Am 1990. [DOI: 10.1016/s0029-6465(22)02990-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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