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Evmorfopoulos K, Tzortzis V, Vlachostergios PJ. Granular cell tumors of the urethra. Cancer Treat Res Commun 2023; 35:100695. [PMID: 36940531 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctarc.2023.100695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Granular cell tumors (GCTs) are a rare type of mesenchymal tumors that are histologically derived by Schwann cells and rise within soft tissues such as skin and mucosal surfaces. Differentiation between benign and malignant GCTs is often difficult and relies on their biological behavior and metastatic potential. While there are no standard guidelines for management, upfront surgical resection, whenever feasible, is key as a definitive measure. Systemic therapy is often limited by poor chemosensitivity of these tumors; however, accumulating knowledge of their underlying genomic landscape has opened some opportunities for targeted approaches, for example, the vascular endothelial growth factor tyrosine kinase inhibitor pazopanib, which is already in clinical use for the treatment of many types of advanced soft tissue sarcomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Evmorfopoulos
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, University Hospital of Larissa, 41100 Larissa, Greece
| | - Vassilios Tzortzis
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, University Hospital of Larissa, 41100 Larissa, Greece
| | - Panagiotis J Vlachostergios
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, University Hospital of Larissa, 41100 Larissa, Greece; Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA.
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2
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Gao S, Xing B, Lichao S, Luo J, Tang J, Wang Y, Zhang X. Malignant granular cell tumor in the thoracic wall: A case report. Front Oncol 2022; 12:895924. [PMID: 36203431 PMCID: PMC9531233 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.895924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Granulosa cell tumor (GCT) is a rare tumor that originates from neural/Schwann cells. GCTs can occur at any age and at any site in the body. The most common site is the tongue, followed by the mammary gland, upper respiratory tract ( throat and bronchus), and gastrointestinal tract (esophagus, large intestine and perianal area, stomach, small intestine, and bile duct). Malignant GCTs account for less than 1%–2% of all GCTs. Fewer than five GCTs in the thoracic wall have been reported, almost all of these benign. Here, we report a new case of malignant GCT of the thoracic wall, with rib invasion and pleural metastasis, in an Asian male. Microscopic examination revealed round, granular cells with eosinophilic cytoplasm and without prominent atypia. Despite these findings the disease showed rapid clinical progression. In summary, the tumor, although histologically ‘benign’, was clinically ‘malignant’.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengnan Gao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Xing
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
- National Center for Respiratory Medicine, Beijing, China
- Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Sun Lichao
- National Center for Respiratory Medicine, Beijing, China
- Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Beijing, China
- Emergency department, China Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Luo
- National Center for Respiratory Medicine, Beijing, China
- Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Beijing, China
- Department of Pathology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jiao Tang
- Department of internal medicine, China Nuclear Industry Beijing 401 Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ye Wang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
- National Center for Respiratory Medicine, Beijing, China
- Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Beijing, China
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
- National Center for Respiratory Medicine, Beijing, China
- Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaoyan Zhang,
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Wen Q, Wu D, Tan W, Wang J. Malignant granular cell tumor of the multifidus muscle: Case report and review of the literature. Radiol Case Rep 2022; 17:1614-1619. [PMID: 35313566 PMCID: PMC8933725 DOI: 10.1016/j.radcr.2022.02.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Granular cell tumors (GCTs) are uncommon soft tissue tumors characterized by cytoplasmic granular appearance of the neoplastic cells. Malignant GCTs comprise less than 2% of GCTs and are mostly found in the subcutaneous soft tissues of the lower extremities, especially the thighs. This report presents a case of malignant granular cell tumor in the right multifidus muscle. A 69-year-old woman presented to the surgeon with a 3 month history of light pain in the lumbar area and hip joint, with no particular history. CT and MRI revealed a soft tissue tumor with a maximum diameter of 7.5 cm. There is patchy unenhanced hypointense shadow in the mass. Widely excision was performed for the primary tumor, which was interpreted as an malignant GCTs. GCTs should be considered in the differential diagnosis in a rapidly growing intramuscular tumors. We investigated the CT and MRI findings of malignant granular cell tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qun Wen
- Radiology Department, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 528 Zhangheng Road, Pudong New Area District, Shanghai, China 201203
| | - Dongmei Wu
- Pathology Department, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenli Tan
- Radiology Department, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 528 Zhangheng Road, Pudong New Area District, Shanghai, China 201203
| | - Jiaoyan Wang
- Radiology Department, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 528 Zhangheng Road, Pudong New Area District, Shanghai, China 201203
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Malignant Granular Cell Tumor of the Lower Extremity in an Adolescent Male. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol 2021; 43:e529-e531. [PMID: 32769557 DOI: 10.1097/mph.0000000000001886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Granular cell tumors (GCTs) are extremely rare soft tissue tumors, with only 2% of tumors being malignant. Malignant GCTs are more often seen in women between the ages 40 and 60. There has been no case reported of a malignant GCT in a pediatric patient. We present a case of a 14-year-old male who presented with a large mass in his left lower extremity. After being biopsied, the mass was diagnosed as a malignant GCT. The tumor was completely excised with wide margins and close follow-up with the patient continued.
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Primary cutaneous malignant granular cell tumor: an immunohistochemical study and review of the literature. Am J Dermatopathol 2016; 37:334-40. [PMID: 25794371 DOI: 10.1097/dad.0000000000000106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Granular cell tumors (GCTs) are uncommon soft tissue tumors characterized by cytoplasmic granular appearance of the neoplastic cells. Malignant granular cell tumors (MGCTs) comprise less than 2% of GCTs and are mostly found in the subcutaneous soft tissues of the lower extremities, especially the thighs. Very few cases have been reported in the skin. The uncommon occurrence of cutaneous MGCTs and their histopathologic similarities with their benign counterpart make difficult the diagnosis of this particular malignancy. We describe a primary cutaneous MGCT that presented as a left posterior chest wall mass in a 51-year-old woman. Local excision was performed for the primary tumor, which was first interpreted as an atypical GCT, but 3 months later a left axillary mass appeared, and subsequent axillary lymph node dissection demonstrated metastatic disease in 4 of 12 excised lymph nodes. We report the immunophenotype of this primary cutaneous MGCT, which was studied with an ample panel of antibodies and compare our results with those of the few previously reported cases in the skin and subcutaneous soft tissues.
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Kim ES, Lee SA, Kim BH, Kim CH. Intramuscular granular cell tumor: emphasizing the stripe sign. Skeletal Radiol 2016; 45:147-52. [PMID: 26359190 DOI: 10.1007/s00256-015-2247-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Revised: 08/11/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
We present a case of an intramuscular granular cell tumor in the thigh manifesting a 'stripe sign' on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). This MR finding may correspond with the entrapped muscle fibers within the tumor, which demonstrated parallel arrangement on histopathologic examination. In addition, other disease entities characterized by the presence of this sign such as proliferative myositis, heterotopic ossification, and muscular sarcoidosis will be reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Sil Kim
- Department of Radiology, Ansan Hospital, University of Korea College of Medicine, 123, Jeokgeum-Ro, Danwon-Gu, Ansan-Si, Gyeonggi-Do, 425-707, Korea
| | - Seun Ah Lee
- Department of Radiology, Ansan Hospital, University of Korea College of Medicine, 123, Jeokgeum-Ro, Danwon-Gu, Ansan-Si, Gyeonggi-Do, 425-707, Korea.
| | - Baek Hyun Kim
- Department of Radiology, Ansan Hospital, University of Korea College of Medicine, 123, Jeokgeum-Ro, Danwon-Gu, Ansan-Si, Gyeonggi-Do, 425-707, Korea
| | - Chul Hwan Kim
- Department of Pathology, Anam Hospital, University of Korea College of Medicine, 73, Inchon-Ro, Seongbuk-Gu, Seoul, 126-1, Korea
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McGhan LJ, Wasif N, Young SW, Collins JM, McCullough AE. Granular-cell tumor of the anterior abdominal wall. Radiol Case Rep 2015; 7:716. [PMID: 27326305 PMCID: PMC4899666 DOI: 10.2484/rcr.v7i3.716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
We report a case of granular-cell tumor (GCT) arising in the subcutaneous tissue of the abdominal wall and describe its radiologic and histologic characteristics. The differential diagnosis of a mass in this site may include multiple benign and malignant stromal lesions. In this case, the presentation, location, and radiological features suggested a desmoid tumor (aggressive fibromatosis). Treatment of the mass involved surgical excision with negative margins, and histological analysis confirmed the presence of a benign GCT. We report a case of this rare, benign tumor to allow the radiologist and pathologist to consider this disease in the differential diagnosis when presented with similar cases.
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Machado I, Cruz J, Lavernia J, Llombart-Bosch A. Solitary, multiple, benign, atypical, or malignant: the “Granular Cell Tumor” puzzle. Virchows Arch 2015; 468:527-38. [DOI: 10.1007/s00428-015-1877-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Revised: 10/13/2015] [Accepted: 10/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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