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Abdalla WM, Sharef N, Alhalabi R. Unilateral Isolated Congenital Ectopic Pupil (Corectopia) in a Four-Year-Old Child: Case Report and Literature Review. Cureus 2023; 15:e45090. [PMID: 37842453 PMCID: PMC10568657 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.45090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Unilateral corectopia is an exceedingly rare congenital defect where the pupil is displaced from its central position. Usually, it presents with normal visual aperture or associated with other diseases. We describe the first reported case of a left ectopic pupil in a healthy four-year-old boy with normal lens structure and total lack of visual aperture. Reporting such instances contributes to the understanding of this condition and guide future research endeavors. Further studies are needed to reveal the underlying pathophysiology, refine treatment approaches, and assess long-term outcomes.
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Anisimova N, Arbisser L, Tzamalis A, Petrovski BÉ, Shilova N, Petrovski G, Anisimov S, Malyugin B. Corectopia grading: A novel classification system. Semin Ophthalmol 2021; 37:105-110. [PMID: 34057013 DOI: 10.1080/08820538.2021.1926517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: To present and validate the novel grading system for objective classification of corectopia.Subjects and Methods: We evaluated 28 eyes of 28 patients with or without corectopia and validated the grading and classification system for corectopia according to three major criteria: (i) direction, (ii) extent, and (iii) alteration of mydriasis. Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and inter-rater agreement between 7 inexperienced and 1 experienced ophthalmologist against a golden standard (GS) were calculated.Results: The ICC for the 7 inexperienced ophthalmologists regarding the grading of direction and centration of the pupil was 0.83 (95% confidence interval (CI), 0.74 to 0.90; p < .001) and 0.57 (95% CI, 0.43 to 0.72; p < .001), respectively. The inter-rater agreement was the same or almost the same in cases of pupil decentration between the inexperienced, experienced ophthalmologists and the GS (k = 0.82; 95% CI, 0.64-1.00; p < .001). In assessing the direction of pupil displacement, the inter-rater agreement was almost perfect between the inexperienced (k = 0.93; 95% CI, 0.84-1.00; p < .001) and experienced (k = 0.92; 95% CI: 0.82-1.02; p < .001) ophthalmologists and the GS.Conclusion: The first detailed clinical classification is proposed for objective corectopia grading particularly relevant in documenting and assessing progressive disease. It was confirmed to be acceptable for clinical use by inexperienced and experienced ophthalmologists alike.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Anisimova
- Department of Eye Diseases, A.I. Yevdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, Moscow, Russia.,Private Eye Center Vostok-Prozrenie, Moscow, Russia
| | - Lisa Arbisser
- Department of Ophthalmology, John A. Moran Eye Center University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Argyrios Tzamalis
- Department of Ophthalmology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Papageorgiou General Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Beáta Éva Petrovski
- Center for Eye Research Department of Ophthalmology, Institute of Clinical MedicineFaculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Natalya Shilova
- Department of Cataract and Implant Surgery, S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, Moscow, Russia
| | - Goran Petrovski
- Center for Eye Research, Department of Ophthalmology, Oslo University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sergey Anisimov
- Department of Eye Diseases, A.I. Yevdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, Moscow, Russia.,Private Eye Center Vostok-Prozrenie, Moscow, Russia
| | - Boris Malyugin
- Department of Eye Diseases, A.I. Yevdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, Moscow, Russia.,Department of Cataract and Implant Surgery, S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, Moscow, Russia
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Malyugin B, Sobolev N, Arbisser LB, Anisimova N. Combined use of an iris hook and pupil expansion ring for femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery in patients with cataracts complicated by insufficient mydriasis and an ectopic pupil. J Cataract Refract Surg 2018; 42:1112-8. [PMID: 27531285 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrs.2016.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Revised: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED We developed a surgical technique that combines use of an iris hook and a pupil expansion ring in femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery complicated by insufficient mydriasis and an ectopic pupil. With this technique, the surgery, including femtosecond laser assistance, phacoemulsification, and intraocular lens implantation, can be accomplished successfully prior to iris repair. FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE Dr. Malyugin receives travel grants from Alcon Laboratories, Inc. and Novartis Corp.; he receives royalties from Microsurgical Technology, Inc. None of the other authors has a financial or proprietary interest in any material or method mentioned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris Malyugin
- From the S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery State Institution, Moscow, Russia (Malyugin, Sobolev, Anisimova); the John A. Moran Eye Center (Arbisser), University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Nikolay Sobolev
- From the S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery State Institution, Moscow, Russia (Malyugin, Sobolev, Anisimova); the John A. Moran Eye Center (Arbisser), University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Lisa B Arbisser
- From the S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery State Institution, Moscow, Russia (Malyugin, Sobolev, Anisimova); the John A. Moran Eye Center (Arbisser), University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Natalia Anisimova
- From the S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery State Institution, Moscow, Russia (Malyugin, Sobolev, Anisimova); the John A. Moran Eye Center (Arbisser), University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.
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Brockmann T, Rossel M, Salchow DJ. Progressive idiopathic tractional corectopia with iris thinning. J AAPOS 2016; 20:464-466. [PMID: 27664846 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaapos.2016.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2016] [Revised: 06/26/2016] [Accepted: 06/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A 2-month-old boy presented with an irregular left pupil. Over the course of 3 months, progressive pupil ovalization, corectopia, and ballooning of the thinned superior iris tissue caused obstruction of the visual axis. Because of concern for deprivational amblyopia, a sectoral pupilloplasty and sphincterotomies were performed, restoring pupil shape and clearing the visual axis. On postoperative examinations, the pupil remained round, the visual axis clear, and visual acuity of the left eye improved. Findings and clinical course suggested the diagnosis of idiopathic tractional corectopia, a rare congenital disorder of unknown cause that may lead to isolated unilateral progressive corectopia and visual axis obstruction. Patients should receive regular follow-up examinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Brockmann
- Charité - University of Medicine Berlin, Department of Ophthalmology, Berlin, Germany; Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Kapelle-Ufer 2, 10117 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Mirjam Rossel
- Charité - University of Medicine Berlin, Department of Ophthalmology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Daniel J Salchow
- Charité - University of Medicine Berlin, Department of Ophthalmology, Berlin, Germany
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Rajasekharan C, Thomas VA, Gayathry R, Parvathy R. An unusual unilateral benign congenital anomaly of the pupil. CASE REPORTS 2014; 2014:bcr-2014-204619. [DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2014-204619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
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Demidenko A, Jakobiec FA, Hanna E, Walton DS. Congenital pupillary-iris-lens membrane with goniodysgenesis: histopathologic findings in an enucleated eye. J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus 2010; 47:178-82. [PMID: 20507003 DOI: 10.3928/01913913-20100505-09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2008] [Accepted: 06/16/2008] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
A 10-year-old boy with clinically confirmed congenital pupillary-iris-lens membrane with goniodysgenesis underwent light microscopic examination of the enucleated eye. The anterior segment changes consisted of the absence of the iridial pupillary sphincter muscle and dilator muscle processes. Endothelialization and descemetization of the anterior chamber angle and the anterior surface of the iris covered the original eccentric pupillary opening (occlusio pupillae), but grew around the fibrotic edges of the surgically created, patent pseudopupil, probably secondary responses to surgery. The anterior chamber findings in this case establish a localized syndrome that includes absence of the pupillary sphincter and dilator muscle processes. Incomplete development of the iris may be partly attributable to an abnormality of stromal development and inductions by the anterior neuroectodermal layer, together with anomalies of the pupillo-iridial vasculature.
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Demidenko A, Jakobiec FA, Hanna E, Walton DS. Congenital pupillary-iris-lens membrane with goniodysgenesis: a rare cause of glaucoma and vision loss. Int Ophthalmol Clin 2009; 49:83-88. [PMID: 19125067 DOI: 10.1097/iio.0b013e318192442b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
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Walton DS. What's your diagnosis? Congenital pupillary-iris-lens membrane syndrome. J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus 2008; 45:11, 30. [PMID: 18286955 DOI: 10.3928/01913913-20080101-04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Horgan N, O'Keefe M, McLoone E, Lanigan B. Fundus fluorescein angiographic characterization of diffuse choroidal hemangiomas. J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus 2008; 45:26-30. [PMID: 18286959 DOI: 10.3928/01913913-20080101-08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the clinical usefulness of fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA) in characterizing diffuse choroidal hemangiomas in Sturge-Weber syndrome. METHODS A retrospective case review of children attending a university hospital clinic with a diagnosis of Sturge-Weber syndrome was undertaken. The FFA findings of seven patients who had undergone angiography were reviewed. RESULTS FFA confirmed the presence of choroidal hemangioma in each of the seven cases and delineated the extent of the choroidal lesions. No adverse effects of fluorescein injection were encountered. CONCLUSIONS FFA is effective in diagnosing and characterizing diffuse choroidal hemangiomas, and may be performed safely in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noel Horgan
- Children's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
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Ennis J, Burke J, Baxter P. Congenital corectopia (eccentric pupils): a marker for chromosomal and central nervous system abnormality. Eur J Paediatr Neurol 2006; 10:27-9. [PMID: 16500125 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpn.2005.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2005] [Revised: 09/20/2005] [Accepted: 09/23/2005] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
We present a case series of five children with congenital corectopia without any associated ocular cause: three had chromosomal abnormalities; one a probable prenatal diplegia, and one bilateral perisylvian dysplasia with vermian and midbrain hypoplasia. Bilateral congenital corectopia is an ophthalmic sign that merits chromosomal analysis and neuro-developmental assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Ennis
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Neurology, Sheffield Children's NHS Trust, Sheffield, UK.
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Avitabile T, Castiglione E, Marano E, Reibaldi M. Congenital pupillary-iris-lens membrane with goniodysgenesis: clinical history and ultrabiomicroscopic findings. J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus 2002; 39:248-50. [PMID: 12148562 DOI: 10.3928/0191-3913-20020701-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T Avitabile
- Institute of Ophthalmology, University of Catania, Italy
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Affiliation(s)
- N Faberowski
- Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston 02114, USA
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Abstract
Although the Nd:YAG laser is most commonly used to perform posterior capsulotomies after cataract surgery, it has also been used to treat a variety of other anterior segment abnormalities including tractional corectopia, iridocorneal adhesions, persistent pupillary membranes, and posterior synechiae. Numerous reports on the use of the Nd:YAG laser to treat structures in the anterior segment have emphasized the need to use higher pulse energy for pupillary membranes, compared with the lower settings required for posterior capsulotomy. Steinert and Puliafito noted that single pulses of 4 to 12 mJ may be required to treat pupillary membranes "in a manner similar to that of a stonemason chipping at marble" in their description treating a membrane considerably thicker than what we describe. We report the successful treatment of tractional corectopia due to an anterior membrane strand in a child with only 2 mJ of total energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Griener
- Emory Eye Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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