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Erdbrügger T, Westhoff A, Höltershinken M, Radecke JO, Buschermöhle Y, Buyx A, Wallois F, Pursiainen S, Gross J, Lencer R, Engwer C, Wolters C. CutFEM forward modeling for EEG source analysis. Front Hum Neurosci 2023; 17:1216758. [PMID: 37694172 PMCID: PMC10488711 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2023.1216758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Source analysis of Electroencephalography (EEG) data requires the computation of the scalp potential induced by current sources in the brain. This so-called EEG forward problem is based on an accurate estimation of the volume conduction effects in the human head, represented by a partial differential equation which can be solved using the finite element method (FEM). FEM offers flexibility when modeling anisotropic tissue conductivities but requires a volumetric discretization, a mesh, of the head domain. Structured hexahedral meshes are easy to create in an automatic fashion, while tetrahedral meshes are better suited to model curved geometries. Tetrahedral meshes, thus, offer better accuracy but are more difficult to create. Methods We introduce CutFEM for EEG forward simulations to integrate the strengths of hexahedra and tetrahedra. It belongs to the family of unfitted finite element methods, decoupling mesh and geometry representation. Following a description of the method, we will employ CutFEM in both controlled spherical scenarios and the reconstruction of somatosensory-evoked potentials. Results CutFEM outperforms competing FEM approaches with regard to numerical accuracy, memory consumption, and computational speed while being able to mesh arbitrarily touching compartments. Discussion CutFEM balances numerical accuracy, computational efficiency, and a smooth approximation of complex geometries that has previously not been available in FEM-based EEG forward modeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Erdbrügger
- Institute for Biomagnetism and Biosignalanalysis, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
- Institute for Analysis and Numerics, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Andreas Westhoff
- Institute for Biomagnetism and Biosignalanalysis, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Malte Höltershinken
- Institute for Biomagnetism and Biosignalanalysis, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
- Institute for Analysis and Numerics, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Jan-Ole Radecke
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- Center of Brain, Behaviour and Metabolism, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Yvonne Buschermöhle
- Institute for Biomagnetism and Biosignalanalysis, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
- Otto Creutzfeldt Center for Cognitive and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Alena Buyx
- Institute of History and Ethics in Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Fabrice Wallois
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, University of Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France
| | - Sampsa Pursiainen
- Computing Sciences Unit, Faculty of Information Technology and Communication Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Joachim Gross
- Institute for Biomagnetism and Biosignalanalysis, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
- Otto Creutzfeldt Center for Cognitive and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Rebekka Lencer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- Center of Brain, Behaviour and Metabolism, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- Otto Creutzfeldt Center for Cognitive and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Christian Engwer
- Institute for Analysis and Numerics, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Carsten Wolters
- Institute for Biomagnetism and Biosignalanalysis, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
- Otto Creutzfeldt Center for Cognitive and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
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Lohrengel S, Mahmoudzadeh M, Oumri F, Salmon S, Wallois F. A homogenized cerebrospinal fluid model for diffuse optical tomography in the neonatal head. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR NUMERICAL METHODS IN BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING 2022; 38:e3538. [PMID: 34617416 DOI: 10.1002/cnm.3538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Diffuse optical tomography is a non-invasive and non-irradiating medical imaging technique that is particularly suitable for cerebral monitoring of newborns since it can be used at the bedside of the patient. Here, a new model for optical tomography in the neonatal brain is presented that takes into account the presence of arachnoid trabeculae in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). It is known that the classical diffusion approximation (DA) for light propagation is at the limit of validity in the CSF layer due to the low values of the absorption and scattering coefficients. The new model is obtained by the DA of the homogenized radiative transfer equation and is rigorously justified. Numerical results in two and three dimensions attest for the improved sensitivity of the new model to the presence of perturbations in the brain layer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Lohrengel
- Laboratoire de Mathématiques LMR CNRS UMR 9008, Université de Reims-Champagne Ardenne, Moulin de la Housse, Reims, France
| | - Mahdi Mahmoudzadeh
- INSERM UMR-S 1105, GRAMFC, Université de Picardie-Jules Verne, CHU Sud, Amiens, France
| | - Farah Oumri
- Laboratoire de Mathématiques LMR CNRS UMR 9008, Université de Reims-Champagne Ardenne, Moulin de la Housse, Reims, France
| | - Stéphanie Salmon
- Laboratoire de Mathématiques LMR CNRS UMR 9008, Université de Reims-Champagne Ardenne, Moulin de la Housse, Reims, France
| | - Fabrice Wallois
- INSERM UMR-S 1105, GRAMFC, Université de Picardie-Jules Verne, CHU Sud, Amiens, France
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Meng M, Dai L, She Q, Ma Y, Kong W. Crossing time windows optimization based on mutual information for hybrid BCI. MATHEMATICAL BIOSCIENCES AND ENGINEERING : MBE 2021; 18:7919-7935. [PMID: 34814281 DOI: 10.3934/mbe.2021392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Hybrid EEG-fNIRS brain-computer interface (HBCI) is widely employed to enhance BCI performance. EEG and fNIRS signals are combined to increase the dimensionality of the information. Time windows are used to select EEG and fNIRS singles synchronously. However, it ignores that specific modal signals have their own characteristics, when the task is stimulated, the information between the modalities will mismatch at the moment, which has a significant impact on the classification performance. Here we propose a novel crossing time windows optimization for mental arithmetic (MA) based BCI. The EEG and fNIRS signals were segmented separately by sliding time windows. Then crossing time windows (CTW) were combined with each one segment from EEG and fNIRS selected independently. Furthermore, EEG and fNIRS features were extracted using Filter Bank Common Spatial Pattern (FBCSP) and statistical methods from each sample. Mutual information was calculated for FBCSP and statistical features to characterize the discrimination of crossing time windows, and the optimal window would be selected based on the largest mutual information. Finally, a sparse structured framework of Fisher Lasso feature selection (FLFS) was designed to select the joint features, and conventional Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) was employed to perform classification. We used proposed method for a MA dataset. The classification accuracy of the proposed method is 92.52 ± 5.38% and higher than other methods, which shows the rationality and superiority of the proposed method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Meng
- Institute of Intelligent Control and Robotics, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China
- Key Laboratory of Brain Machine Collaborative Intelligence of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Luyang Dai
- Institute of Intelligent Control and Robotics, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Qingshan She
- Institute of Intelligent Control and Robotics, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China
- Key Laboratory of Brain Machine Collaborative Intelligence of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Yuliang Ma
- Institute of Intelligent Control and Robotics, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China
- Key Laboratory of Brain Machine Collaborative Intelligence of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Wanzeng Kong
- Key Laboratory of Brain Machine Collaborative Intelligence of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310018, China
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Schrader S, Antonakakis M, Rampp S, Engwer C, Wolters CH. A novel method for calibrating head models to account for variability in conductivity and its evaluation in a sphere model. Phys Med Biol 2020; 65:245043. [PMID: 33113524 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/abc5aa] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The accuracy in electroencephalography (EEG) and combined EEG and magnetoencephalography (MEG) source reconstructions as well as in optimized transcranial electric stimulation (TES) depends on the conductive properties assigned to the head model, and most importantly on individual skull conductivity. In this study, we present an automatic pipeline to calibrate head models with respect to skull conductivity based on the reconstruction of the P20/N20 response using somatosensory evoked potentials and fields. In order to validate in a well-controlled setup without interplay with numerical errors, we evaluate the accuracy of this algorithm in a 4-layer spherical head model using realistic noise levels as well as dipole sources at different eccentricities with strengths and orientations related to somatosensory experiments. Our results show that the reference skull conductivity can be reliably reconstructed for sources resembling the generator of the P20/N20 response. In case of erroneous assumptions on scalp conductivity, the resulting skull conductivity parameter counterbalances this effect, so that EEG source reconstructions using the fitted skull conductivity parameter result in lower errors than when using the standard value. We propose an automatized procedure to calibrate head models which only relies on non-invasive modalities that are available in a standard MEG laboratory, measures under in vivo conditions and in the low frequency range of interest. Calibrated head modeling can improve EEG and combined EEG/MEG source analysis as well as optimized TES.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Schrader
- Institute for Biomagnetism and Biosignalanalysis, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
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Antonakakis M, Schrader S, Aydin Ü, Khan A, Gross J, Zervakis M, Rampp S, Wolters CH. Inter-Subject Variability of Skull Conductivity and Thickness in Calibrated Realistic Head Models. Neuroimage 2020; 223:117353. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.117353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
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14 challenges and their solutions for conducting social neuroscience and longitudinal EEG research with infants. Infant Behav Dev 2019; 58:101393. [PMID: 31830682 DOI: 10.1016/j.infbeh.2019.101393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The use of electroencephalography (EEG) to study infant brain development is a growing trend. In addition to classical longitudinal designs that study the development of neural, cognitive and behavioural functions, new areas of EEG application are emerging, such as novel social neuroscience paradigms using dual infant-adult EEG recordings. However, most of the experimental designs, analysis methods, as well as EEG hardware were originally developed for single-person adult research. When applied to study infant development, adult-based solutions often pose unique problems that may go unrecognised. Here, we identify 14 challenges that infant EEG researchers may encounter when designing new experiments, collecting data, and conducting data analysis. Challenges related to the experimental design are: (1) small sample size and data attrition, and (2) varying arousal in younger infants. Challenges related to data acquisition are: (3) determining the optimal location for reference and ground electrodes, (4) control of impedance when testing with the high-density sponge electrode nets, (5) poor fit of standard EEG caps to the varying infant head shapes, and (6) ensuring a high degree of temporal synchronisation between amplifiers and recording devices during dual-EEG acquisition. Challenges related to the analysis of longitudinal and social neuroscience datasets are: (7) developmental changes in head anatomy, (8) prevalence and diversity of infant myogenic artefacts, (9) a lack of stereotypical topography of eye movements needed for the ICA-based data cleaning, (10) and relatively high inter-individual variability of EEG responses in younger cohorts. Additional challenges for the analysis of dual EEG data are: (11) developmental shifts in canonical EEG rhythms and difficulties in differentiating true inter-personal synchrony from spurious synchrony due to (12) common intrinsic properties of the signal and (13) shared external perturbation. Finally, (14) there is a lack of test-retest reliability studies of infant EEG. We describe each of these challenges and suggest possible solutions. While we focus specifically on the social neuroscience and longitudinal research, many of the issues we raise are relevant for all fields of infant EEG research.
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Antonakakis M, Schrader S, Wollbrink A, Oostenveld R, Rampp S, Haueisen J, Wolters CH. The effect of stimulation type, head modeling, and combined EEG and MEG on the source reconstruction of the somatosensory P20/N20 component. Hum Brain Mapp 2019; 40:5011-5028. [PMID: 31397966 PMCID: PMC6865415 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.24754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Modeling and experimental parameters influence the Electro- (EEG) and Magnetoencephalography (MEG) source analysis of the somatosensory P20/N20 component. In a sensitivity group study, we compare P20/N20 source analysis due to different stimulation type (Electric-Wrist [EW], Braille-Tactile [BT], or Pneumato-Tactile [PT]), measurement modality (combined EEG/MEG - EMEG, EEG, or MEG) and head model (standard or individually skull-conductivity calibrated including brain anisotropic conductivity). Considerable differences between pairs of stimulation types occurred (EW-BT: 8.7 ± 3.3 mm/27.1° ± 16.4°, BT-PT: 9 ± 5 mm/29.9° ± 17.3°, and EW-PT: 9.8 ± 7.4 mm/15.9° ± 16.5° and 75% strength reduction of BT or PT when compared to EW) regardless of the head model used. EMEG has nearly no localization differences to MEG, but large ones to EEG (16.1 ± 4.9 mm), while source orientation differences are non-negligible to both EEG (14° ± 3.7°) and MEG (12.5° ± 10.9°). Our calibration results show a considerable inter-subject variability (3.1-14 mS/m) for skull conductivity. The comparison due to different head model show localization differences smaller for EMEG (EW: 3.4 ± 2.4 mm, BT: 3.7 ± 3.4 mm, and PT: 5.9 ± 6.8 mm) than for EEG (EW: 8.6 ± 8.3 mm, BT: 11.8 ± 6.2 mm, and PT: 10.5 ± 5.3 mm), while source orientation differences for EMEG (EW: 15.4° ± 6.3°, BT: 25.7° ± 15.2° and PT: 14° ± 11.5°) and EEG (EW: 14.6° ± 9.5°, BT: 16.3° ± 11.1° and PT: 12.9° ± 8.9°) are in the same range. Our results show that stimulation type, modality and head modeling all have a non-negligible influence on the source reconstruction of the P20/N20 component. The complementary information of both modalities in EMEG can be exploited on the basis of detailed and individualized head models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marios Antonakakis
- Institute for Biomagnetism and Biosignalanalysis, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Sophie Schrader
- Institute for Biomagnetism and Biosignalanalysis, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Andreas Wollbrink
- Institute for Biomagnetism and Biosignalanalysis, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Robert Oostenveld
- Donders Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands.,Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Stefan Rampp
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jens Haueisen
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering and Informatics, Technical University of Ilmenau, Ilmenau, Germany
| | - Carsten H Wolters
- Institute for Biomagnetism and Biosignalanalysis, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany.,Otto Creutzfeldt Center for Cognitive and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
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