1
|
Alemu J, Gumi B, Tsegaye A, Abubeker A, Tadesse F, Shewaye A, Rahimeto Z, Mihret A, Mulu A, Gebremedhin A, Howe R. Frequency of viral infections in adolescent and adult in-patient Ethiopians with acute leukemia at presentation to a tertiary care teaching hospital: a cross-sectional study. Infect Agent Cancer 2023; 18:44. [PMID: 37438754 DOI: 10.1186/s13027-023-00519-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Leukemic patients are prone to infectious agents such as viruses due to dysregulated immune system resulting from infiltration of the bone marrow by malignant cells, chronic stimulation, reactivation of some viruses and viral pathogenicity as well as rarely from acquisition of a new infections leading to severe complications. However, the prevalence of these infections has not been systematically documented in resource-limited settings such as Ethiopia. OBJECTIVE To determine the prevalence of HBV, HCV, and HIV among adult and adolescent in-patients with acute leukemia before the administration of chemotherapy, at the Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital (TASH) in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. METHODS A cross sectional study was conducted on 176 adult and adolescent inpatient Ethiopians, who were diagnosed with acute leukemia from April 2019 to June 2021. Socio-demographic characteristics and relevant clinical data were collected. Peripheral blood samples were collected and tested for HBV, HIV, and HCV using Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) and real-time PCR. Chi-square tests were used to assess associations between variables. RESULTS Of the 176 patients, 109(62%) were males. The median age was 25[IQR,18-35] yr, with a range from 13 to 76 year. The prevalence of HBV (positivity for HBsAg plus HBV DNA), HCV and HIV was 21.6%, 1.7%, and 1.7%, respectively. HBsAg was positive in 19 cases (10.8%). Among 157 HBsAg negative patients, 52(33.1%) were positive for Anti-HBcAg; of these seropositive cases, 47.5% were positive for HBV DNA. Most DNA positive, HBsAg negative cases (79.0%) had DNA concentrations below 200 IU/ml indicating true occult HBV infection (OBI). Of the 176 cases, 122 had a history of blood transfusions, but no statistically significant association was found between HBV infection and blood product transfusion history (P = 0.963). CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of HBV, HIV and HCV in patients with acute leukemia was similar to the national prevalence level of these infections. Given the HBsAg positivity and the high prevalence of occult hepatitis B infection in our study, these patients may be at increased risk for chemotherapy related hepatitis flares. Hence, clinicians caring these patients are strongly advised to screen their patients for HBV and also for HIV and HCV infections routinely.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jemal Alemu
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis, Ababa, Ethiopia.
- Armauer Hansen Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
- Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
| | - Balako Gumi
- Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Aster Tsegaye
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis, Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Abdulaziz Abubeker
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis, Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Fisihatsion Tadesse
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis, Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Abel Shewaye
- Department of Laboratory, ALERT Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | | | - Adane Mihret
- Armauer Hansen Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | | | - Amha Gebremedhin
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis, Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Rawleigh Howe
- Armauer Hansen Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Cam Huong NT, Van Luu N, Nam NH, Ghula S, Atieh Qarawi AT, Mai Truc PT, Trung An DN, Huy NT, Le Hoa PT. Prevalence of hepatitis B virus infection in health check-up participants: a cross-sectional study at University Medical Center, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. Hosp Pract (1995) 2023. [PMID: 37262352 DOI: 10.1080/21548331.2023.2221132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Vietnam is one of the countries in highly endemic areas of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in the world. Our study aims to determine the prevalence of HBV infection among different age groups of workers who had been included for annual general health checkups. METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted at the Health Screening Department, University Medical Center at Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, using anonymous data from employees who had health checkups from June 2017 to June 2018. RESULTS A total of 5727 subjects were included, with an overall HBV prevalence of 9.0%. The prevalence of HBV infection was significantly higher in men and lowest in the age groups of 18-30. In multivariable analysis, the variables that were independently associated with HBV infection were male gender (Odd ratio (OR), 2.03; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.58-2.60; p < 0.001), older than 30 years old (age group of 31-40: OR 1.7; 95% CI, 1.33-2.18; p < 0.001; of 41-50, OR 1.82; 95% CI, 1.37-2.43; p < 0.001); high total cholesterol (OR, 0.77; 95% CI, 0.64-0.94; p = 0.011), high triglyceride (OR, 0.53; 95% CI, 0.42-0.65; p < 0.001), and having significant fibrosis (OR, 2.7; 95% CI 1.85-3,95; p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of HBV infection among employees on health assessments is still high (9%), even in the age group under 30 (7%). Male, age group older than 30, and significant liver fibrosis were the factors related to HBV infection. High cholesterol and level triglyceride were protective factors against HBV infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Thi Cam Huong
- Infectious Diseases Department, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Outpatient Department, University Medical Center, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Van Luu
- Infectious Diseases Department, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Hai Nam
- Division of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery and Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Online Research Club , Nagasaki, Japan, Http://Www.Onlineresearchclub.org
| | - Suhaib Ghula
- Online Research Club , Nagasaki, Japan, Http://Www.Onlineresearchclub.org
- Medical School, University of Buckingham, Buckingham, UK
| | - Ahmad Taysir Atieh Qarawi
- Online Research Club , Nagasaki, Japan, Http://Www.Onlineresearchclub.org
- Lower Westchester Medical Associate, New York, P.C. Mount Vernon, USA
| | - Pham Thi Mai Truc
- Online Research Club , Nagasaki, Japan, Http://Www.Onlineresearchclub.org
- Imaging Diagnostic Department, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Dang Nguyen Trung An
- Imaging Diagnostic Department, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Health Screening Department, University Medical Center, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Tien Huy
- Online Research Club , Nagasaki, Japan, Http://Www.Onlineresearchclub.org
- School of Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Pham Thi Le Hoa
- Infectious Diseases Department, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Outpatient Department, University Medical Center, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Okawa S, Komada K, Ichimura Y, Sugiyama M, Do HT, Le HX, Hoang TT, Nguyen TB, Huynh MK, Hoang HTH, Tran NAT, Le TH, Ngo QT, Miyano S, Yokobori Y, Inoue Y, Mizoue T, Hachiya M. Comparison between a rapid diagnostic test and dried blood spot-based immunoassay for hepatitis B surface antigen testing: Performance and cost implications in a population-based serosurvey in Vietnam. Int J Infect Dis 2022; 125:51-57. [PMID: 36241163 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2022.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to determine the agreement between a rapid diagnostic test (RDT) and a dried blood spot (DBS)-based electrochemiluminescence immunoassay (ECLIA) of hepatitis B surface antigen and to compare the costs of conducting serosurveys using RDTs and DBS in a field setting. METHODS A serosurvey was conducted in the South Central Coast region of Vietnam in May 2019. Participants aged 1-39 years were recruited using a four-stage random sampling method and tested for hepatitis B surface antigen using an RDT kit (Alere Determine) and a DBS-based ECLIA. The agreement between the RDT and the DBS-based ECLIA was assessed using cross-tabulation and Cohen kappa. Cost data were categorized by input (personnel, transportation, field consumables, laboratory consumables, and capital item/overhead) and survey phase (survey preparation, data/biospecimen collection, laboratory testing, and coordination). RESULTS A total of 2072 participants were analyzed. There was a 99% agreement between the RDT and the DBS-based ECLIA results, with a Cohen kappa of 0.9. The estimated cost of conducting a serosurvey by DBS was UD $75,291, whereas RDT was $53,182. CONCLUSION RDTs and DBS-based ECLIA provide test results with high agreements. RDTs are a better option in terms of cost, whereas the DBS-based ECLIA may be useful when evaluating multiple infectious diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sumiyo Okawa
- Bureau of International Health Cooperation, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Sumiyo Okawa, 1-21-1, Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan.
| | - Kenichi Komada
- Bureau of International Health Cooperation, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Sumiyo Okawa, 1-21-1, Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan
| | - Yasunori Ichimura
- Bureau of International Health Cooperation, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Sumiyo Okawa, 1-21-1, Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan
| | - Masaya Sugiyama
- Genome Medical Science Project, The Research Center for Hepatitis and Immunology, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hung Thai Do
- Pasteur Institute in Nha Trang, Nha Trang, Khánh Hòa, Viet Nam
| | - Huy Xuan Le
- Medical Health Service Center, Pasteur Institute in Nha Trang, Nha Trang, Khánh Hòa, Viet Nam
| | - Thanh Tien Hoang
- Department of Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Pasteur Institute in Nha Trang, Nha Trang, Khánh Hòa, Viet Nam
| | - Trieu Bao Nguyen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Pasteur Institute in Nha Trang, Nha Trang, Khánh Hòa, Viet Nam
| | - Mai Kim Huynh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Pasteur Institute in Nha Trang, Nha Trang, Khánh Hòa, Viet Nam
| | - Hang Thi Hai Hoang
- Department of Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Pasteur Institute in Nha Trang, Nha Trang, Khánh Hòa, Viet Nam
| | - Nhu Anh Thi Tran
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Pasteur Institute in Nha Trang, Nha Trang, Khánh Hòa, Viet Nam
| | - Thieu Hoang Le
- Department of Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Pasteur Institute in Nha Trang, Nha Trang, Khánh Hòa, Viet Nam
| | - Quyet Thi Ngo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Pasteur Institute in Nha Trang, Nha Trang, Khánh Hòa, Viet Nam
| | - Shinsuke Miyano
- Bureau of International Health Cooperation, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Sumiyo Okawa, 1-21-1, Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan
| | - Yuta Yokobori
- Bureau of International Health Cooperation, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Sumiyo Okawa, 1-21-1, Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan
| | - Yosuke Inoue
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Mizoue
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masahiko Hachiya
- Bureau of International Health Cooperation, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Sumiyo Okawa, 1-21-1, Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Mohammed H, Eshetie A, Melese D. Prevalence of hepatitis B virus and associated risk factors among adults patients at Dessie referral and Kemise general hospitals in northeastern Ethiopia. Health Sci Rep 2022; 5:e659. [PMID: 35620544 PMCID: PMC9125169 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims Hepatitis is an inflammation of the liver that can reason a variety of health problems and can be fatal. According to the most recent estimates of the Global Burden of Disease study and WHO, viral hepatitis is accountable for around 1.34 million deaths yearly, which is comparable to the yearly number of deaths from HIV/AIDS (1.3 million), malaria (0.9 million), and tuberculosis (1.3 million). This study aimed to assess the prevalence of the Hepatitis B virus and associated risk factors among adults patients at Dessie Referral and Kemise General Hospitals. Methods The source for the data on Hepatitis B virus (HBV) was all adults aged≥18 years that were admitted and tested for HBV from September 2020 to February 2021 were included in the study. A total of 1283 adults were admitted out of which, 1080 adults have completed measurements and had been taken into consideration for this examination, and others had been excluded from the examination because of exclusion criteria. To meet our objective descriptive statistics, the χ 2 test and multiple logistic regression statistical models were used for data analysis. Results In this study, a total of 1080 adults were included out of which 631 (58.4%) female and 449 (41.6%) were male with a mean age of 34(SD ±± 12.56) years. The overall prevalence of HBV among adults was 27.4% (95% confidence interval [CI];24.8-30.2). The results of this study showed that age 25-34(odds ratio [OR] = 3.6, p-value = 0.005), 35-44 (OR = 6.67, p-value <0.001), ≥45 (OR = 3.85, p-value = 0.005), male (OR = 4.36, p-value < 0.001), history of hospitalization (OR = 0.644, p-value = 0.04), family history of HBV (OR = 1.96, p-value = 0.005), and jaundice (OR = 2.50, p-value = 0.005) were significant risk factors of HBV. Conclusion The prevalence of HBV in this study is 27.4%. The results of this study showed that age, male, history of hospitalization, family history of HBV, and jaundice were significant risk factors for Hepatitis B virus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hussein Mohammed
- Department of Statistics, College of Natural and Computational ScienceSamara UniversitySamaraEthiopia
| | - Aragaw Eshetie
- Department of Statistics, College of Natural and Computational ScienceUniversity of GondarGondarEthiopia
| | - Dessie Melese
- Department of Statistics, College of Natural and Computational ScienceUniversity of GondarGondarEthiopia
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Prevalence and genotype distribution of viral hepatitis B in Cambodia between 1990 and 2020: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Arch Public Health 2022; 80:119. [PMID: 35418163 PMCID: PMC9006504 DOI: 10.1186/s13690-022-00880-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is one of the major public health problems globally as well as in Cambodia. Continuous information on HBV infection burden is required to implement effective disease control strategies. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and genotype distribution of HBV infection in Cambodia through a systematic review with meta-analysis. Methods Four databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar) were used to search published studies reporting either HBV prevalence or genotype distribution in Cambodia until August 21, 2020. Reviews, modeling studies, and studies conducted among Cambodian permanently living abroad were excluded. The Freeman–Tukey double arcsine transformation was implemented to achieve approximate normality. The DerSimonian and Laird method was used to compute pooled estimates based on the transformed values and their variance. Possible publication bias was assessed by the Egger test and the funnel plot. Results A total of 22 studies were included, covering 22,323 people. Ten studies reported HBV prevalence in the general population. The HBV infection prevalence was 4.73% (95%CI: 2.75–7.17%) in the general population and 19.87% (95%CI: 10.95–30.63%) in high-risk/co-infected groups. By sub-group analysis, the prevalence was 6.81% (95% CI: 4.43–9.66) in adults older than 15 years old, 2.37% (95% CI:0.04–7.05) in children 6–15 years old, and 2.47% (95% CI: 0.96–4.59) in children less than five years old. The prevalence of HBV infection decreased over time. Predominant HBV genotypes were genotypes C and B with 82.96% and 16.79%, respectively. Conclusions The decrease in HBV infection prevalence in Cambodia demonstrates the effects of national hepatitis B immunization, improved clinical hygiene, and the use of disposable devices. However, the estimated HBV prevalence among the general population indicates an intermediate endemicity level of HBV infection. Therefore, population screening and linkage to care, high vaccination coverage, health promotion, and HBV surveillance are essential to meet the WHO 2030 goal. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13690-022-00880-9.
Collapse
|