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Renaud D, Höller A, Michel M. Potential Drug-Nutrient Interactions of 45 Vitamins, Minerals, Trace Elements, and Associated Dietary Compounds with Acetylsalicylic Acid and Warfarin-A Review of the Literature. Nutrients 2024; 16:950. [PMID: 38612984 PMCID: PMC11013948 DOI: 10.3390/nu16070950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
In cardiology, acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) and warfarin are among the most commonly used prophylactic therapies against thromboembolic events. Drug-drug interactions are generally well-known. Less known are the drug-nutrient interactions (DNIs), impeding drug absorption and altering micronutritional status. ASA and warfarin might influence the micronutritional status of patients through different mechanisms such as binding or modification of binding properties of ligands, absorption, transport, cellular use or concentration, or excretion. Our article reviews the drug-nutrient interactions that alter micronutritional status. Some of these mechanisms could be investigated with the aim to potentiate the drug effects. DNIs are seen occasionally in ASA and warfarin and could be managed through simple strategies such as risk stratification of DNIs on an individual patient basis; micronutritional status assessment as part of the medical history; extensive use of the drug-interaction probability scale to reference little-known interactions, and application of a personal, predictive, and preventive medical model using omics.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Renaud
- DIU MAPS, Fundamental and Biomedical Sciences, Paris-Cité University, 75006 Paris, France
- DIU MAPS, Health Sciences Faculty, Universidad Europea Miguel de Cervantes, 47012 Valladolid, Spain
- Fundacja Recover, 05-124 Skrzeszew, Poland
| | - Alexander Höller
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, University Hospital Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Miriam Michel
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health, Division of Pediatrics III—Cardiology, Pulmonology, Allergology and Cystic Fibrosis, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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de Carvalho Gomes C, Lima MSR, de Oliveira GL, Medeiros I, Xavier HST, dos Santos Pais T, Costa IDS, de Carvalho FMC, Serquiz AC, de Souza Lima MC, de Araújo Morais AH, Passos TS. Nanoparticles Loaded with a Carotenoid-Rich Extract from Cantaloupe Melon Improved Hepatic Retinol Levels in a Diet-Induced Obesity Preclinical Model. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:28475-28486. [PMID: 37576634 PMCID: PMC10413461 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c02750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
The study evaluated the effect of the carotenoid-rich extract from cantaloupe melon (CE) nanoencapsulated in porcine gelatin (EPG) on hepatic retinol concentration and liver damage scores in Wistar rats with obesity induced by high glycemic index and high glycemic load diet (HGLI diet). For 17 days, animals were fed the HGLI diet. They were divided into three groups and treated for 10 days [HGLI diet + water, HGLI diet + CE (12.5 mg/kg), and HGLI diet + EPG (50 mg/kg)]. The groups were evaluated for dietary intake, retinol, weight variation, hematological parameters, fasting glucose, lipid profile, hepatic retinol concentration, AST/ALT ratio, FIB-4 (Fibrosis-4 Index for Liver Fibrosis), and APRI (AST to Platelet Ratio Index) scores to evaluate the effects on the liver. Animals treated with EPG showed a lower dietary intake (p < 0.05). No significant weight change was detected in the evaluated groups (p > 0.05). The EPG-treated group had significantly higher concentrations (p < 0.05) of hepatic retinol [266 (45) μg/g] than the untreated group [186 (23.8) μg/g] and the one treated with CE [175 (8.08) μg/g]. Liver damage assessment scores did not show significant differences, but the lowest means were observed in the group treated with EPG. The nanoencapsulation of the extract rich in beta-carotene promoted reduced food consumption and increased hepatic retinol without causing significant changes in liver damage scores. Thus, EPG is a candidate for future clinical studies to evaluate the beneficial effects of treating diseases involving vitamin A deficiencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila de Carvalho Gomes
- Postgraduate
Program in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for Biosciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN 59078-970, Brazil
| | - Mayara Santa Rosa Lima
- Postgraduate
Program in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for Biosciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN 59078-970, Brazil
| | | | - Isaiane Medeiros
- Postgraduate
Program in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for Biosciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN 59078-970, Brazil
| | | | - Tatiana dos Santos Pais
- Postgraduate
Program in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for Biosciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN 59078-970, Brazil
| | - Izael de Sousa Costa
- Postgraduate
Program in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for Biosciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN 59078-970, Brazil
- Nutrition
Course, Potiguar University, Natal, RN 59056-000, Brazil
| | - Fabiana Maria Coimbra de Carvalho
- Postgraduate
Program in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for Biosciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN 59078-970, Brazil
- Nutrition
Course, Potiguar University, Natal, RN 59056-000, Brazil
| | | | | | - Ana Heloneida de Araújo Morais
- Postgraduate
Program in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for Biosciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN 59078-970, Brazil
- Postgraduate
Program in Nutrition, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN 59078-970, Brazil
- Nutrition
Department, Health Sciences Center, Federal
University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN 59078-970, Brazil
| | - Thaís Souza Passos
- Postgraduate
Program in Nutrition, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN 59078-970, Brazil
- Nutrition
Department, Health Sciences Center, Federal
University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN 59078-970, Brazil
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Wang YH, Liu PZ, Liu H, Zhang RR, Liang Y, Xu ZS, Li XJ, Luo Q, Tan GF, Wang GL, Xiong AS. Telomere-to-telomere carrot ( Daucus carota) genome assembly reveals carotenoid characteristics. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2023; 10:uhad103. [PMID: 37786729 PMCID: PMC10541555 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhad103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
Carrot (Daucus carota) is an Apiaceae plant with multi-colored fleshy roots that provides a model system for carotenoid research. In this study, we assembled a 430.40 Mb high-quality gapless genome to the telomere-to-telomere (T2T) level of "Kurodagosun" carrot. In total, 36 268 genes were identified and 34 961 of them were functionally annotated. The proportion of repeat sequences in the genome was 55.3%, mainly long terminal repeats. Depending on the coverage of the repeats, 14 telomeres and 9 centromeric regions on the chromosomes were predicted. A phylogenetic analysis showed that carrots evolved early in the family Apiaceae. Based on the T2T genome, we reconstructed the carotenoid metabolic pathway and identified the structural genes that regulate carotenoid biosynthesis. Among the 65 genes that were screened, 9 were newly identified. Additionally, some gene sequences overlapped with transposons, suggesting replication and functional differentiation of carotenoid-related genes during carrot evolution. Given that some gene copies were barely expressed during development, they might be functionally redundant. Comparison of 24 cytochrome P450 genes associated with carotenoid biosynthesis revealed the tandem or proximal duplication resulting in expansion of CYP gene family. These results provided molecular information for carrot carotenoid accumulation and contributed to a new genetic resource.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Hui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in East China, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - Pei-Zhuo Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in East China, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - Hui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in East China, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - Rong-Rong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in East China, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - Yi Liang
- Beijing Vegetable Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops in North China, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Zhi-Sheng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in East China, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - Xiao-Jie Li
- Beijing Vegetable Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops in North China, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Qing Luo
- Institute of Horticulture, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China
| | - Guo-Fei Tan
- Institute of Horticulture, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China
| | - Guang-Long Wang
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian, Jiangsu 223003, China
| | - Ai-Sheng Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in East China, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
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Balbuena E, Cheng J, Eroglu A. Carotenoids in orange carrots mitigate non-alcoholic fatty liver disease progression. Front Nutr 2022; 9:987103. [PMID: 36225879 PMCID: PMC9549209 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.987103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Carotenoids are abundant in colored fruits and vegetables. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a global burden and risk factor for end-stage hepatic diseases. This study aims to compare the anti-NAFLD efficacy between carotenoid-rich and carotenoid-deficient vegetables. Materials and methods Male C57BL/6J mice were randomized to one of four experimental diets for 15 weeks (n = 12 animals/group): Low-fat diet (LFD, 10% calories from fat), high-fat diet (HFD, 60% calories from fat), HFD with 20% white carrot powders (HFD + WC), or with 20% orange carrot powders (HFD + OC). Results We observed that carotenoids in the orange carrots reduced HFD-induced weight gain, better than white carrots. Histological and triglyceride (TG) analyses revealed significantly decreased HFD-induced hepatic lipid deposition and TG content in the HFD + WC group, which was further reduced in the HFD + OC group. Western blot analysis demonstrated inconsistent changes of fatty acid synthesis-related proteins but significantly improved ACOX-1 and CPT-II, indicating that orange carrot carotenoids had the potential to inhibit NAFLD by improving β-oxidation. Further investigation showed significantly higher mRNA and protein levels of PPARα and its transcription factor activity. Conclusion Carotenoid-rich foods may display more potent efficacy in mitigating NAFLD than those with low carotenoid levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilio Balbuena
- Plants for Human Health Institute, North Carolina State University, Kannapolis, NC, United States
- Department of Molecular and Structural Biochemistry, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Junrui Cheng
- Plants for Human Health Institute, North Carolina State University, Kannapolis, NC, United States
| | - Abdulkerim Eroglu
- Plants for Human Health Institute, North Carolina State University, Kannapolis, NC, United States
- Department of Molecular and Structural Biochemistry, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
- *Correspondence: Abdulkerim Eroglu,
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5
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Wang X, Zhang X, Hong H, Guan C, Zhao C. Non-destructive quantitative analysis of carotene content in carrots using Raman spectroscopy. Eur Food Res Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-021-03788-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Böhm V, Lietz G, Olmedilla-Alonso B, Phelan D, Reboul E, Bánati D, Borel P, Corte-Real J, de Lera AR, Desmarchelier C, Dulinska-Litewka J, Landrier JF, Milisav I, Nolan J, Porrini M, Riso P, Roob JM, Valanou E, Wawrzyniak A, Winklhofer-Roob BM, Rühl R, Bohn T. From carotenoid intake to carotenoid blood and tissue concentrations - implications for dietary intake recommendations. Nutr Rev 2021; 79:544-573. [PMID: 32766681 PMCID: PMC8025354 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuaa008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
There is uncertainty regarding carotenoid intake recommendations, because positive and negative health effects have been found or are correlated with carotenoid intake and tissue levels (including blood, adipose tissue, and the macula), depending on the type of study (epidemiological vs intervention), the dose (physiological vs supraphysiological) and the matrix (foods vs supplements, isolated or used in combination). All these factors, combined with interindividual response variations (eg, depending on age, sex, disease state, genetic makeup), make the relationship between carotenoid intake and their blood/tissue concentrations often unclear and highly variable. Although blood total carotenoid concentrations <1000 nmol/L have been related to increased chronic disease risk, no dietary reference intakes (DRIs) exist. Although high total plasma/serum carotenoid concentrations of up to 7500 nmol/L are achievable after supplementation, a plateauing effect for higher doses and prolonged intake is apparent. In this review and position paper, the current knowledge on carotenoids in serum/plasma and tissues and their relationship to dietary intake and health status is summarized with the aim of proposing suggestions for a "normal," safe, and desirable range of concentrations that presumably are beneficial for health. Existing recommendations are likewise evaluated and practical dietary suggestions are included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Volker Böhm
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Georg Lietz
- Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Begoña Olmedilla-Alonso
- Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
| | - David Phelan
- Nutrition Research Centre Ireland, School of Health Science, Carriganore House, Waterford Institute of Technology, Waterford, Ireland
| | | | | | - Patrick Borel
- C2VN, INRAE, INSERM, Aix Marseille Univ, Marseille, France
| | - Joana Corte-Real
- Population Health Department, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Strassen, Luxembourg
| | - Angel R de Lera
- Departmento de Química Orgánica, Centro De Investigaciones Biomédicas and Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Vigo, Universidade de Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Irina Milisav
- University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ljubljana, Slovenia and with University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Medicine, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - John Nolan
- Nutrition Research Centre Ireland, School of Health Science, Carriganore House, Waterford Institute of Technology, Waterford, Ireland
| | - Marisa Porrini
- Universitàdegli Studi di Milano, Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, Division of Human Nutrition, Milan, Italy
| | - Patrizia Riso
- Universitàdegli Studi di Milano, Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, Division of Human Nutrition, Milan, Italy
| | - Johannes M Roob
- Research Unit Chronic Inflammation in Nephrology, Clinical Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University, Graz, Austria
| | | | - Agata Wawrzyniak
- Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Brigitte M Winklhofer-Roob
- Human Nutrition & Metabolism Research and Training Center, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Karl-Franzens University, Graz, Austria
| | - Ralph Rühl
- Paprika Bioanalytics BT, Debrecen, Hungary and with CISCAREX UG, Berlin, Germany
| | - Torsten Bohn
- Population Health Department, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Strassen, Luxembourg
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Toh DWK, Sutanto CN, Loh WW, Lee WY, Yao Y, Ong CN, Kim JE. Skin carotenoids status as a potential surrogate marker for cardiovascular disease risk determination in middle-aged and older adults. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2021; 31:592-601. [PMID: 33358716 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2020.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Upon consumption, carotenoids, which may attenuate cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk, diffuse from the blood and accumulate in the skin. This study aimed to assess the associations between dietary, plasma, and skin carotenoids with CVD risk indicators and to examine the mediational role of plasma carotenoids in the relationship between skin carotenoids status (SCS) and CVD risk. METHODS AND RESULTS Dietary, plasma, and skin carotenoids were assessed in a cross-sectional study from a community in Singapore (n = 103) aged 50 to 75 y. Multiple linear regression and binary logistics regression models were used to examine the associations between the carotenoids status with classical CVD risk factors and composite CVD risk indicators. After controlling for covariates, SCS and plasma carotenoids were inversely associated with systolic blood pressure (skin: P < 0.001; plasma: P < 0.05) and diastolic blood pressure (skin: P < 0.001; plasma: P < 0.005). Additionally, each increment of 1000 in SCS was associated with an odds ratio of 0.924 (P < 0.01) for metabolic syndrome diagnosis and 0.945 (P < 0.05) for moderate to high CVD risk classification. Associations between SCS and composite CVD risk indicators were null when adjusted for the corresponding plasma carotenoids, indicating complete mediation. Dietary carotenoids, however, showed no relationship with the CVD risk indicators. CONCLUSION Carotenoids bioavailability may be important for cardiovascular protection. SCS, driven by the corresponding plasma carotenoids, could be a potential noninvasive surrogate marker for CVD risk determination in middle-aged and older adults. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT03554954, https://clinicaltrials.gov/. TRIAL REGISTRATION DATE 13 June 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darel Wee Kiat Toh
- Department of Food Science & Technology, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Clarinda N Sutanto
- Department of Food Science & Technology, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wen Wei Loh
- Department of Food Science & Technology, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wan Yee Lee
- Department of Food Science & Technology, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yuanhang Yao
- Department of Food Science & Technology, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Choon Nam Ong
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jung Eun Kim
- Department of Food Science & Technology, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
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Biofortified Crops for Combating Hidden Hunger in South Africa: Availability, Acceptability, Micronutrient Retention and Bioavailability. Foods 2020; 9:foods9060815. [PMID: 32575819 PMCID: PMC7353603 DOI: 10.3390/foods9060815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In many poorer parts of the world, biofortification is a strategy that increases the concentration of target nutrients in staple food crops, mainly by genetic manipulation, to alleviate prevalent nutrient deficiencies. We reviewed the (i) prevalence of vitamin A, iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn) deficiencies; (ii) availability of vitamin A, iron and Zn biofortified crops, and their acceptability in South Africa. The incidence of vitamin A and iron deficiency among children below five years old is 43.6% and 11%, respectively, while the risk of Zn deficiency is 45.3% among children aged 1 to 9 years. Despite several strategies being implemented to address the problem, including supplementation and commercial fortification, the prevalence of micronutrient deficiencies is still high. Biofortification has resulted in the large-scale availability of βcarotene-rich orange-fleshed sweet potatoes (OFSP), while provitamin A biofortified maize and Zn and/or iron biofortified common beans are at development stages. Agronomic biofortification is being investigated to enhance yields and concentrations of target nutrients in crops grown in agriculturally marginal environments. The consumer acceptability of OFSP and provitamin A biofortified maize were higher among children compared to adults. Accelerating the development of other biofortified staple crops to increase their availability, especially to the target population groups, is essential. Nutrition education should be integrated with community health programmes to improve the consumption of the biofortified crops, coupled with further research to develop suitable recipes/formulations for biofortified foods.
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Carotenoid metabolism at the intestinal barrier. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2019; 1865:158580. [PMID: 31794861 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2019.158580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Carotenoids exert a rich variety of physiological functions in mammals and are beneficial for human health. These lipids are acquired from the diet and metabolized to apocarotenoids, including retinoids (vitamin A and its metabolites). The small intestine is a major site for their absorption and bioconversion. From here, carotenoids and their metabolites are distributed within the body in triacylglycerol-rich lipoproteins to support retinoid signaling in peripheral tissues and photoreceptor function in the eyes. In recent years, much progress has been made in identifying carotenoid metabolizing enzymes, transporters, and binding proteins. A diet-responsive regulatory network controls the activity of these components and adapts carotenoid absorption and bioconversion to the bodily requirements of these lipids. Genetic variability in the genes encoding these components alters carotenoid homeostasis and is associated with pathologies. We here summarize the advanced state of knowledge about intestinal carotenoid metabolism and its impact on carotenoid and retinoid homeostasis of other organ systems, including the eyes, liver, and immune system. The implication of the findings for science-based intake recommendations for these essential dietary lipids is discussed. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Carotenoids recent advances in cell and molecular biology edited by Johannes von Lintig and Loredana Quadro.
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10
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UEDA K, AKASHI F, KAWASAKI M, SUGAWARA T, MANABE Y, MATSUI T. Effects of feeding on plasma concentrations of vitamin A in captive African penguins (Spheniscus demersus). J Vet Med Sci 2019; 81:1580-1585. [PMID: 31548472 PMCID: PMC6895619 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.19-0316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin A comprises vitamin A1 and vitamin A2; vitamin A1 is retinol and its fatty-acid esters and vitamin A2 is 3,4-didehydroretinol and its fatty-acid esters. Although vitamin A1 is generally recognized as the major vitamin A, vitamin A2 is found in some birds and mammals that eat fish containing vitamin A2. Plasma concentration of retinyl esters, but not retinol, is known to increase postprandially in humans. The objectives of this study were to confirm the presence of vitamin A2 in fish fed to penguins, and in penguin plasma, and the postprandial changes in vitamin A concentration in penguin plasma. Blood was collected from six male African penguins (Spheniscus demersus) before and after feeding on jack mackerels (Trachurus japonicus) along with a vitamin premix containing vitamin A1. Vitamin A1 concentration in fish was much higher than the requirement, and was 5-fold higher than the vitamin A2 concentration. Vitamin A2 was present in plasma but its concentration was at least 100-fold below that of plasma retinol, suggesting that vitamin A2 is much less bioavailable than vitamin A1 in penguins. Plasma retinol and retinyl palmitate concentrations were found to be stable after the meal. Plasma retinol concentration is suggested to be homeostatically controlled in penguins against the rapid flow of vitamin A1 after meal. The absorbed vitamin A1 is thought to be transported to the liver via the portal vein for storage in penguins, resulting in stable retinyl palmitate concentration in plasma after meal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro UEDA
- Division of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawaoiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Fumiko AKASHI
- Kyoto Aquarium, Kankiji-cho, Shimogyo-ku, Kyoto 600-8835, Japan
| | - Motoki KAWASAKI
- Kyoto Aquarium, Kankiji-cho, Shimogyo-ku, Kyoto 600-8835, Japan
| | - Tatsuya SUGAWARA
- Division of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawaoiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Yuki MANABE
- Division of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawaoiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Tohru MATSUI
- Division of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawaoiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
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Walther B, Lett AM, Bordoni A, Tomás‐Cobos L, Nieto JA, Dupont D, Danesi F, Shahar DR, Echaniz A, Re R, Fernandez AS, Deglaire A, Gille D, Schmid A, Vergères G. GutSelf: Interindividual Variability in the Processing of Dietary Compounds by the Human Gastrointestinal Tract. Mol Nutr Food Res 2019; 63:e1900677. [PMID: 31483113 PMCID: PMC6900003 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201900677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Revised: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Nutritional research is currently entering the field of personalized nutrition, to a large extent driven by major technological breakthroughs in analytical sciences and biocomputing. An efficient launching of the personalized approach depends on the ability of researchers to comprehensively monitor and characterize interindividual variability in the activity of the human gastrointestinal tract. This information is currently not available in such a form. This review therefore aims at identifying and discussing published data, providing evidence on interindividual variability in the processing of the major nutrients, i.e., protein, fat, carbohydrates, vitamins, and minerals, along the gastrointestinal tract, including oral processing, intestinal digestion, and absorption. Although interindividual variability is not a primary endpoint of most studies identified, a significant number of publications provides a wealth of information on this topic for each category of nutrients. This knowledge remains fragmented, however, and understanding the clinical relevance of most of the interindividual responses to food ingestion described in this review remains unclear. In that regard, this review has identified a gap and sets the base for future research addressing the issue of the interindividual variability in the response of the human organism to the ingestion of foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Walther
- AgroscopeFederal Department of Economic AffairsEducation and Research EAER3003BerneSwitzerland
| | - Aaron M. Lett
- Section for Nutrition ResearchDepartment of MedicineImperial College LondonLondonUK
| | - Alessandra Bordoni
- Department of Agri‐Food Sciences and TechnologiesUniversity of Bologna47521CesenaItaly
| | | | | | - Didier Dupont
- UMR 1253Science et Technologie du Lait et de l'ŒufINRA35000RennesFrance
| | - Francesca Danesi
- Department of Agri‐Food Sciences and TechnologiesUniversity of Bologna47521CesenaItaly
| | - Danit R. Shahar
- Department of Public HealthThe S. Daniel Abraham International Center for Health and NutritionBen‐Gurion University of the Negev84105Beer‐ShevaIsrael
| | - Ana Echaniz
- Cambridge Food Science LtdCB23 5ABCambridgeUK
| | - Roberta Re
- Cambridge Food Science LtdCB23 5ABCambridgeUK
| | | | - Amélie Deglaire
- UMR 1253Science et Technologie du Lait et de l'ŒufINRA35000RennesFrance
| | - Doreen Gille
- AgroscopeFederal Department of Economic AffairsEducation and Research EAER3003BerneSwitzerland
| | - Alexandra Schmid
- AgroscopeFederal Department of Economic AffairsEducation and Research EAER3003BerneSwitzerland
| | - Guy Vergères
- AgroscopeFederal Department of Economic AffairsEducation and Research EAER3003BerneSwitzerland
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Titcomb TJ, Kaeppler MS, Sandoval Cates SB, Shannon JM, Simon PW, Tanumihardjo SA. Carrot Leaves Maintain Liver Vitamin A Concentrations in Male Mongolian Gerbils Regardless of the Ratio of α- to β-Carotene When β-Carotene Equivalents Are Equalized. J Nutr 2019; 149:951-958. [PMID: 31050738 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxz036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Revised: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Carrots are an important horticultural crop that contain provitamin A carotenoids (PACs). Orange carrots have high concentrations of α-carotene, which upon central cleavage yields 1 retinal and 1 α-retinal molecule. The leaves of carrot plants are a source of PACs when consumed. OBJECTIVE Male Mongolian gerbils aged 27-30 d were used to assess the bioefficacy of carrot leaves to maintain vitamin A (VA) status and investigate whether the ratio of α- to β-carotene (α:β-carotene) affected bioefficacy. METHODS After 3 wk depletion, baseline gerbils were killed (n = 6) and the remaining gerbils (n = 60) were divided into 6 groups to receive 4 VA-deficient, carrot leaf-fortified feeds (1:1.4, 1:2.5, 1:5.0, and 1:80 α:β-carotene ratio) equalized to 4.8 nmol/g β-carotene equivalents (βCEs), or VA-deficient feed with (VA+) or without (VA-) retinyl acetate supplements. Carrot-leaf powder from 4 carrot plants with differing α:β-carotene ratios was used. After 4 wk, gerbils were killed and tissues were collected and analyzed for retinoids by HPLC. RESULTS VA+ had higher total liver VA (means ± SD 0.91 ± 0.29 μmol) than all other groups (range: 0.40-0.62) (P ≤ 0.03), and the carrot leaf treatments did not differ from baseline (0.55 ± 0.09 μmol). VA- (0.40 ± 0.23 μmol VA/liver) did not differ from the leaf-fed groups, but 30% became VA deficient (defined as <0.1 μmol VA/g liver). α-Retinol accumulated in livers and lungs and was correlated to total α-carotene consumption (R2 = 0.83 and 0.88, respectively; P < 0.0001). Bioefficacy factors ranged from 4.2 to 6.2 μg βCE to 1 μg retinol. CONCLUSIONS Carrot leaves maintain VA status and prevent deficiency in gerbils regardless of the α:β-carotene ratio. The bioconversion of PACs from carrot leaves to retinol is similar to what has been reported for other green leafy vegetables, making the consumption of carrot leaves a viable method to improve dietary PAC intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler J Titcomb
- Interdepartmental Graduate Program in Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | - Mikayla S Kaeppler
- Interdepartmental Graduate Program in Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | | | - Jamie M Shannon
- Interdepartmental Graduate Program in Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | - Philipp W Simon
- Interdepartmental Graduate Program in Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | - Sherry A Tanumihardjo
- Interdepartmental Graduate Program in Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
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13
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Chacón-Ordóñez T, Esquivel P, Quesada S, Jiménez RR, Cordero A, Carle R, Schweiggert R. Mamey sapote fruit and carotenoid formulations derived thereof are dietary sources of vitamin A - A comparative randomized cross-over study. Food Res Int 2019; 122:340-347. [PMID: 31229087 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2019.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Revised: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Mamey sapote is a fruit rich in specific keto-carotenoids, namely sapotexanthin and cryptocapsin. Their chemical structure suggests their provitamin A activity, although their absorption and conversion to vitamin A remained to be demonstrated in humans. Besides structure-related factors, the fruit matrix might also hamper absorption and conversion efficiency. Therefore, we monitored carotenoid and vitamin A levels in triacylglycerol-rich lipoprotein (TRL) fractions in plasma of human participants after consumption of fresh sapote and a carotenoid-rich "matrix-free" formulation derived thereof. A randomized 2-way cross-over study was conducted to compare the post-prandial bioavailability of 0.8 mg sapotexanthin and 1.2-1.5 mg cryptocapsin from the above-mentioned test meals. Seven blood samples were drawn over 9.5 h after test meal consumption. Carotenoids and retinoids were quantitated in TRL fractions using HPLC-DAD. Sapotexanthin was absorbed by all participants from all meals, being ca. 36% more bioavailable from the "matrix-free" formulation (AUCmedian = 73.4 nmol∙h/L) than from the fresh fruit (AUCmedian = 54.0 nmol∙h/L; p ≤ 0.001). Cryptocapsin was only absorbed by 4 of 13 participants. The appearance of retinyl esters was observed in all participants independent of the test meal. Although the fruit matrix hampered carotenoid in vivo-bioavailability from sapote, the fruit clearly represents a valuable source of vitamin A for humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tania Chacón-Ordóñez
- Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology, Chair Plant Foodstuff Technology and Analysis, University of Hohenheim, Garbenstrasse 25, D-70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Patricia Esquivel
- School of Food Technology, University of Costa Rica, 2060 San Pedro, Costa Rica
| | - Silvia Quesada
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Costa Rica, 2060 San Pedro, Costa Rica
| | - Randall R Jiménez
- Institute of Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation Genomics, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein Allee 11, 89069 Ulm, Germany
| | - Aracelly Cordero
- School of Food Technology, University of Costa Rica, 2060 San Pedro, Costa Rica
| | - Reinhold Carle
- Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology, Chair Plant Foodstuff Technology and Analysis, University of Hohenheim, Garbenstrasse 25, D-70599 Stuttgart, Germany; Biological Science Department, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80257, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ralf Schweiggert
- Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology, Chair Plant Foodstuff Technology and Analysis, University of Hohenheim, Garbenstrasse 25, D-70599 Stuttgart, Germany; Analysis and Technology of Plant-based Foods, Department of Beverage Research, Geisenheim University, D-65366 Geisenheim, Germany.
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14
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Kelly ME, Ramkumar S, Sun W, Colon Ortiz C, Kiser PD, Golczak M, von Lintig J. The Biochemical Basis of Vitamin A Production from the Asymmetric Carotenoid β-Cryptoxanthin. ACS Chem Biol 2018; 13:2121-2129. [PMID: 29883100 PMCID: PMC6158786 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.8b00290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin A serves essential functions in mammalian biology as a signaling molecule and chromophore. This lipid can be synthesized from more than 50 putative dietary provitamin A precursor molecules which contain at least one unsubstituted β-ionone ring. We here scrutinized the enzymatic properties and substrate specificities of the two structurally related carotenoid cleavage dioxygenases (CCDs) which catalyze this synthesis. Recombinant BCO1 split substrates across the C15,C15' double bond adjacent to a canonical β-ionone ring site to vitamin A aldehyde. Substitution of the ring with a hydroxyl group prevented this conversion. The removal of methyl groups from the polyene carbon backbone of the substrate did not impede enzyme activity. Homology modeling and site-directed mutagenesis identified amino acid residues at the entrance of the substrate tunnel, which determined BCO1's specificity for the canonical β-ionone ring site. In contrast, BCO2 split substrates across the C9,C10 double bond adjacent to assorted ionone ring sites. Kinetic analysis revealed a higher catalytic efficiency of BCO2 with substrates bearing 3-hydroxy-β-ionone rings. In the mouse intestine, the asymmetric carotenoid β-cryptoxanthin with one canonical and one 3-hydroxy-β-ionone ring site was meticulously converted to vitamin A. The tailoring of this asymmetric substrate occurred by a stepwise processing of the carotenoid substrate by both CCDs and involved a β-apo-10'-carotenal intermediate. Thus, opposite selectivity for ionone ring sites of the two mammalian CCDs complement each other in the metabolic challenge of vitamin A production from a chemically diverse set of precursor molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary E. Kelly
- Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - Srinivasagan Ramkumar
- Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - Weizhong Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - Crystal Colon Ortiz
- Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - Philip D. Kiser
- Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - Marcin Golczak
- Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - Johannes von Lintig
- Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106
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Wang LC, Pan TM, Tsai TY. Lactic acid bacteria-fermented product of green tea and Houttuynia cordata leaves exerts anti-adipogenic and anti-obesity effects. J Food Drug Anal 2017; 26:973-984. [PMID: 29976415 PMCID: PMC9303034 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfda.2017.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Revised: 11/19/2017] [Accepted: 11/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is associated with higher risks of developing diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Green tea, rich in polyphenolic compounds such as epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and epigallocatechin (EGC), has been shown to display anti-obesity effects. Houttuynia cordata leaves have also been shown to exhibit anti-obesity effects due to their chlorogenic acid content. Lactic acid bacteria are able to increase the production of polyphenolic compounds. This study aims to develop a novel anti-obesity fermentation product by combining H. cordata leaf tea with green tea, using Lactobacillus paracasei subsp. paracasei NTU 101 (NTU 101) for fermentation due to the advantages of bioconverting the poly-phenolic compounds. The regulation of adipogenesis factors and the anti-obesity effect of the NTU 101-fermented tea were evaluated in an in vitro 3T3-L1 pre-adipocyte model and an in vivo obese rat model, respectively. The results show that the NTU 101-fermented tea, which contained higher EGCG, EGC, and chlorogenic acid levels than unfermented tea, was able to inhibit the lipogenesis of mature 3T3-L1 adipocytes by the stimulation of lipolysis. Furthermore, the body weight gain, body fat pad, and feeding efficiency of obese rats, induced with a high fat diet, were decreased by the oral administration of NTU 101-fermented tea. The significant anti-obesity effect was probably due to lipolysis. However, NTU 101 bacteria cells and EGCG may also act as functional ingredients to contribute to the anti-obesity effects of NTU 101-fermented products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Chun Wang
- Ph.D. Program of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Fu Jen Catholic University, Taipei, Taiwan; Continuing Education School, National Taitung Junior College, Taitung, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Ming Pan
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; R&D Division, Sunway Biotech Co., Ltd., Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Tsung-Yu Tsai
- Ph.D. Program of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Fu Jen Catholic University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Food Science, Fu Jen Catholic University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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