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Li L, Wang D, He N, Dai S, Tu L, Fu R, Chen P. Effects of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids on Colorectal Cancer Patients: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Nutr Cancer 2023; 75:627-639. [PMID: 36372063 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2022.2145319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effects of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) on patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). Electronic databases such as PubMed and Web of Science were searched. Studies on the application of PUFAs in patients with CRC, published up to January 2022, were conducted. Twelve studies involving 702 CRC patients were included. For patients undergoing surgery, subgroup analyses indicated that preoperative supplementation with PUFAs improved total postoperative infectious complications (RR: 0.37, p = 0.02). Furthermore, the supplementation of PUFAs in preoperative (WMD: -2.27, p < 0.001) and postoperative (WMD: -2.66, p = 0.01) groups was effective in shortening the postoperative hospital stay for patients with CRC. Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) (SMD: -0.56, p = 0.007) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) (SMD: -0.54, p = 0.004) levels were lower in all CRC patients receiving PUFAs intervention than in the control group. Moreover, supplementation with PUFAs in chemotherapy patients significantly increased albumin (WMD: 0.48, p = 0.03) and decreased C-reactive protein (CRP) (WMD: -6.12, p = 0.02) compared to the control group. This study demonstrated that PUFAs intervention could diminish the total postoperative infection complications of CRC patients, shorten the postoperative hospital stay, and reduce inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingna Li
- Pharmacy Department, The Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, LiHuiLi Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Dongying Wang
- The First Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ning He
- Department of Tumor HIFU Therapy, Ningbo No. 2 Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Senjie Dai
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Leling Tu
- The First Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Rongrong Fu
- The First Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ping Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Ningbo No. 2 Hospital, Ningbo, China
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2
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Association of Fish and Omega-3 Fatty Acid Intake with Carotid Intima-Media Thickness in Middle-Aged to Elderly Japanese Men and Women: The Toon Health Study. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14173644. [PMID: 36079901 PMCID: PMC9460211 DOI: 10.3390/nu14173644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Fish and omega-3 fatty acid consumption is known to be beneficial for cardiometabolic health. However, the related evidence for individuals with a relatively higher intake of fish or omega-3 unsaturated fatty acids, e.g., Japanese individuals, is scarce. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the association of fish and omega-3 fatty acid intakes with the carotid intima-media thickness (C-IMT) in the Japanese population. In total, 1803 Japanese men and women aged 30–84 years without a history of myocardial infarction or angina pectoris were included in the study. The fish and omega-3 fatty acid intakes were estimated using food frequency questionnaires. The C-IMT was measured using ultrasound imaging, and the participants were classified into three groups: normal, moderate (1.1 to 1.4 mm of maximum C-IMT), and severely increased C-IMT (≥1.5 mm). Multinomial logistic regression models were used to calculate the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) of the presence of moderately and severely increased C-IMT. The omega-3 fatty acid intake was shown to be associated with lower odds of severely increased C-IMT. The multivariable-adjusted OR (95%CI) was 0.55 (0.31–0.97; p for trend = 0.04). We also found a borderline significant negative association between fish intake and the presence of severely increased C-IMT. In conclusion, omega-3 fatty acid intake might protect against the development of atherosclerosis in the Japanese population.
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Pezhman L, Tahrani A, Chimen M. Dysregulation of Leukocyte Trafficking in Type 2 Diabetes: Mechanisms and Potential Therapeutic Avenues. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:624184. [PMID: 33692997 PMCID: PMC7937619 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.624184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic inflammatory disorder that is characterized by chronic hyperglycemia and impaired insulin signaling which in addition to be caused by common metabolic dysregulations, have also been associated to changes in various immune cell number, function and activation phenotype. Obesity plays a central role in the development of T2DM. The inflammation originating from obese adipose tissue develops systemically and contributes to insulin resistance, beta cell dysfunction and hyperglycemia. Hyperglycemia can also contribute to chronic, low-grade inflammation resulting in compromised immune function. In this review, we explore how the trafficking of innate and adaptive immune cells under inflammatory condition is dysregulated in T2DM. We particularly highlight the obesity-related accumulation of leukocytes in the adipose tissue leading to insulin resistance and beta-cell dysfunction and resulting in hyperglycemia and consequent changes of adhesion and migratory behavior of leukocytes in different vascular beds. Thus, here we discuss how potential therapeutic targeting of leukocyte trafficking could be an efficient way to control inflammation as well as diabetes and its vascular complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laleh Pezhman
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Abd Tahrani
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom.,Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham, United Kingdom.,University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Myriam Chimen
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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Baker EJ, Valenzuela CA, Dooremalen WT, Martínez‐Fernández L, Yaqoob P, Miles EA, Calder PC. Gamma‐Linolenic and Pinolenic Acids Exert Anti‐Inflammatory Effects in Cultured Human Endothelial Cells Through Their Elongation Products. Mol Nutr Food Res 2020; 64:e2000382. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202000382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ella J. Baker
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Human Development and Health University of Southampton Southampton SO16 6YD UK
| | - Carina A. Valenzuela
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Human Development and Health University of Southampton Southampton SO16 6YD UK
- Faculty of Pharmacy, School of Nutrition University of Valparaíso Playa Ancha 850 Valparaíso Chile
| | - Wies T.M. Dooremalen
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Human Development and Health University of Southampton Southampton SO16 6YD UK
| | - Leyre Martínez‐Fernández
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Human Development and Health University of Southampton Southampton SO16 6YD UK
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition University of Navarra 31008 Pamplona Spain
| | - Parveen Yaqoob
- School of Chemistry, Food and Pharmacy University of Reading Reading RG6 6AP UK
| | - Elizabeth A. Miles
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Human Development and Health University of Southampton Southampton SO16 6YD UK
| | - Philip C. Calder
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Human Development and Health University of Southampton Southampton SO16 6YD UK
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust and University of Southampton Southampton SO16 6YD UK
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5
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Comparative anti-inflammatory effects of plant- and marine-derived omega-3 fatty acids explored in an endothelial cell line. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2020; 1865:158662. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2020.158662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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6
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Pansarasa O, Pistono C, Davin A, Bordoni M, Mimmi MC, Guaita A, Cereda C. Altered immune system in frailty: Genetics and diet may influence inflammation. Ageing Res Rev 2019; 54:100935. [PMID: 31326616 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2019.100935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2018] [Revised: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Frailty is a complex geriatric syndrome associated with biological vulnerability to stressors and decreased physiological reserve. Its etiology and pathogenesis are not completely understood, although various causes and complex pathways have been proposed. Immune system alterations (immunosenescence and "InflammAging") have been suggested to contribute to frailty, but a precise causative role of such alterations remains to be determined. Genetic studies support the suggestion of immune system involvement in frailty: genetic variants in genes involved in immune system function have been associated with the syndrome. Interestingly, nutritional status, through its effects on cellular metabolism, may also influence the immune system, i.e. hormone and cytokine (mainly adipocytokine) levels, and immune cell populations and function, increasing inflammation and contributing to frailty. This review aims to discuss the role of immune system alterations in frailty, analyzing the role of genetic factors in frailty onset and the impact of diet on inflammation and, in turn, on frailty.
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7
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Omega-3 fatty acids and leukocyte-endothelium adhesion: Novel anti-atherosclerotic actions. Mol Aspects Med 2018; 64:169-181. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2018.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2018] [Revised: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Kain V, Halade GV. Immune responsive resolvin D1 programs peritoneal macrophages and cardiac fibroblast phenotypes in diversified metabolic microenvironment. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:3910-3920. [PMID: 30191990 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Bioactive lipid mediators derived from n-3 and n-6 fatty acids are known to modulate leukocytes. Metabolic transformation of essential fatty acids to endogenous bioactive molecules plays a major role in human health. Here we tested the potential of substrates; linoleic acid (LA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and their bioactive products; resolvin D1 (RvD1) and 12- S-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids (HETE) to modulate macrophage plasticity and cardiac fibroblast phenotype in presence or absence of lipid metabolizing enzyme 12/15-lipoxygenase (LOX). Peritoneal macrophages and cardiac fibroblasts were isolated from wild-type (C57BL/6J) and 12/15LOX -/- mice and treated with DHA, LA, 12(S)-HETE, and RvD1 for 4, 8, 12, and 24 hr. LA, DHA, 12(S)-HETE, and RvD1 elicited mRNA expression of proinflammatory markers; tumor necrosis factor-α ( Tnf-α), interleukin 6 ( IL-6), chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 (Ccl2), and IL-1β in wild type (WT) and in 12/15LOX -/- macrophages at early time point (4 hr). Bioactive immunoresolvent RvD1 lowered the levels of Tnf-α, IL-6, and IL-1β at 24 hr time point. Both DHA and RvD1 stimulated the proresolving markers such as arginase 1 ( Arg-1), chitinase-like protein 3 ( Ym-1), and mannose receptor C-type 1 in WT macrophage. RvD1 induced proresolving phenotype Arg-1 expression in both WT 12/15LOX -/- macrophages even in presence of 12(S)-HETE. RvD1 peaked 5LOX expression in both WT and 12/15LOX -/- at 24 hr time point compared with DHA. RvD1 diminished cyclooxygenase-2 but upregulated 5LOX expression in fibroblast compared with DHA. In summary, the feed-forward enzymatic interaction with fatty acids substrates and direct mediators (RvD1 and 12(S)-HETE) are responsive in determining macrophages phenotype and cardiac fibroblast plasticity. Particularly, macrophages and fibroblast phenotypes are responsive to milieu and RvD1 governs the milieu-dependent chemokine signaling in presence or absence of 12/15LOX enzyme to resolve inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasundhara Kain
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Ganesh V Halade
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
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9
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Jiang S, Liu Z, Wu L, Yuan Y, Hu Y, Zhang X, Wei L, Zu Y. Tumor targeting with docosahexaenoic acid-conjugated docetaxel for inhibiting lung cancer metastasis to bone. Oncol Lett 2018; 16:2911-2920. [PMID: 30127879 PMCID: PMC6096075 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.9047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Docetaxel (DTX) is currently used as a first- or second-line drug treatment for patients with lung cancer, however, it is less effective for the treatment of patients with bone metastasis of lung cancer. This is primarily due to the fact that docetaxel is nonspecific. In the present study, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) was selected as a tumor-targeting ligand, and DHA-conjugated DTX (DTX-DHA) was prepared for inhibiting lung cancer metastasis to bone. The anti-cancer activity assay revealed that DTX-DHA exhibited a similar antitumor efficacy to DTX in vitro. The maximum tolerated dose of DTX-DHA was increased compared with that of DTX. The present study results indicated that DTX-DHA exhibited an improved inhibition efficacy of lung cancer metastasis to bone in comparison with DTX in vivo. Encouragingly, the mean survival time of the DTX-DHA group (30.60 days) was increased compared with the DTX group (26.10 days; P<0.01). Furthermore, the results of cell migration and osteoclast-induced formation assays suggested that DTX-DHA inhibited lung cancer metastasis to bone primarily by affecting lung cancer cell migration. These results indicate that DTX-DHA may exhibit a potential therapeutic effect against lung cancer metastasis to bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shougang Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150040, P.R. China.,State Engineering Laboratory of Bio-Resources Eco-Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150040, P.R. China
| | - Zhiguo Liu
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150040, P.R. China.,State Engineering Laboratory of Bio-Resources Eco-Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150040, P.R. China
| | - Lei Wu
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150040, P.R. China.,State Engineering Laboratory of Bio-Resources Eco-Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150040, P.R. China
| | - Yingjie Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150040, P.R. China.,State Engineering Laboratory of Bio-Resources Eco-Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150040, P.R. China
| | - Yan Hu
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150040, P.R. China.,State Engineering Laboratory of Bio-Resources Eco-Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150040, P.R. China
| | - Xingyao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150040, P.R. China.,State Engineering Laboratory of Bio-Resources Eco-Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150040, P.R. China
| | - Liang Wei
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150040, P.R. China.,State Engineering Laboratory of Bio-Resources Eco-Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150040, P.R. China
| | - Yuangang Zu
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150040, P.R. China.,State Engineering Laboratory of Bio-Resources Eco-Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150040, P.R. China
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10
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Omega-3 fatty acids and inflammatory processes: from molecules to man. Biochem Soc Trans 2017; 45:1105-1115. [DOI: 10.1042/bst20160474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 530] [Impact Index Per Article: 75.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Revised: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Inappropriate, excessive or uncontrolled inflammation contributes to a range of human diseases. Inflammation involves a multitude of cell types, chemical mediators and interactions. The present article will describe nutritional and metabolic aspects of omega-6 (n-6) and omega-3 (n-3) fatty acids and explain the roles of bioactive members of those fatty acid families in inflammatory processes. Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) are n-3 fatty acids found in oily fish and fish oil supplements. These fatty acids are capable of partly inhibiting many aspects of inflammation including leucocyte chemotaxis, adhesion molecule expression and leucocyte–endothelial adhesive interactions, production of eicosanoids like prostaglandins and leukotrienes from the n-6 fatty acid arachidonic acid and production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. In addition, EPA gives rise to eicosanoids that often have lower biological potency than those produced from arachidonic acid, and EPA and DHA give rise to anti-inflammatory and inflammation resolving mediators called resolvins, protectins and maresins. Mechanisms underlying the anti-inflammatory actions of EPA and DHA include altered cell membrane phospholipid fatty acid composition, disruption of lipid rafts, inhibition of activation of the pro-inflammatory transcription factor nuclear factor κB so reducing expression of inflammatory genes and activation of the anti-inflammatory transcription factor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ. Animal experiments demonstrate benefit from EPA and DHA in a range of models of inflammatory conditions. Human trials demonstrate benefit of oral n-3 fatty acids in rheumatoid arthritis and in stabilizing advanced atherosclerotic plaques. Intravenous n-3 fatty acids may have benefits in critically ill patients through reduced inflammation. The anti-inflammatory and inflammation resolving actions of EPA, DHA and their derivatives are of clinical relevance.
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11
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Estevão-Silva CF, Ames FQ, Silva-Comar FMDS, Kummer R, Tronco RP, Cuman RKN, Bersani-Amado CA. Fish Oil and Adjuvant-Induced Arthritis: Inhibitory Effect on Leukocyte Recruitment. Inflammation 2016; 39:320-326. [PMID: 26378008 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-015-0252-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Fish oil, a rich source of n-3 fatty acids, has been studied for its beneficial effects in many diseases. Recent studies have shown the robust anti-inflammatory activity of fish oil (FO), when administered orally to rats, in models of acute inflammation. Herein, we investigated if treatment with fish oil preparation (FOP) could interfere with the recruitment of leukocytes into the joint cavity of arthritic rats. We also evaluated the effect of treatment on rolling behavior and leukocyte adhesion in vivo and on leukocyte chemotaxis in vitro. Treatment with FOP (75, 150, and 300 mg/kg) initiated on the day of induction of arthritis (day 0) and maintained for 21 days reduced the total number of leukocytes recruited into the joint cavity, the number of rolling and adhered leukocytes in arthritic rats, and leukocyte migration in response to stimulation with N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP) and leukotriene B4 (LTB4). Together, our data provide evidence that FOP plays an important inhibitory role in the recruitment of leukocytes into the joint cavity of arthritic rats.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Franciele Queiroz Ames
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, State University of Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | | | - Raquel Kummer
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, State University of Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Rafael Prizon Tronco
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, State University of Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil
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Liu KL, Yang YC, Yao HT, Chia TW, Lu CY, Li CC, Tsai HJ, Lii CK, Chen HW. Docosahexaenoic acid inhibits inflammation via free fatty acid receptor FFA4, disruption of TAB2 interaction with TAK1/TAB1 and downregulation of ERK-dependent Egr-1 expression in EA.hy926 cells. Mol Nutr Food Res 2015; 60:430-43. [PMID: 26577385 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201500178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2015] [Revised: 10/23/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Inflammation is intimately associated with many cardiovascular events and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) has been shown to protect against CVD. Egr-1 has emerged as a key regulator in the development of atherosclerosis. Free fatty acid receptor 4 (FFA4) is an n-3 FA membrane receptor. Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) is an inflammatory mediator and transforming growth factor-β-activated kinase 1 (TAK1) is essential in the TNF-α-mediated activation of NF-κB. We examined the mechanisms underlying DHA inhibition of inflammation in human EA.hy926 cells. METHODS AND RESULTS TNF-α markedly induced the interaction between TAK1 binding protein (TAB) 2 and TAK1/TAB1, the phosphorylation of ERK, p38 MAPK and Akt, the expression of Egr-1 and ICAM-1, and HL-60 (monocyte-like) cell adhesion. Pretreatment with DHA attenuated TNF-α-induced phosphorylation of ERK, expression of Egr-1 and ICAM-1 and HL-60 cell adhesion. Transfection with siFFA4 reversed the DHA-mediated inhibition of TNF-α-induced Egr-1 and ICAM-1 expression, HL-60 cell adhesion and NF-κB and DNA-binding activity. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that the anti-inflammatory effect of DHA on the endothelium is at least partially linked to FFA4, disruption of TAB2 interaction with TAK1/TAB1 and downregulation of ERK-dependent Egr-1 and ICAM-1 expression, which leads to less HL-60 cell adhesion to TNF-α-stimulated EA.hy926 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Li Liu
- School of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Chen Yang
- Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hsien-Tsung Yao
- Department of Nutrition, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Wen Chia
- Department of Nutrition, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yang Lu
- Department of Nutrition, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Chun Li
- School of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Henry J Tsai
- Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chong-Kuei Lii
- Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Nutrition, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Haw-Wen Chen
- Department of Nutrition, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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13
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Spigoni V, Lombardi C, Cito M, Picconi A, Ridolfi V, Andreoli R, Anelli N, Gnudi L, Goldoni M, Zavaroni I, Raddino R, Dei Cas A. N-3 PUFA increase bioavailability and function of endothelial progenitor cells. Food Funct 2015; 5:1881-90. [PMID: 24942553 DOI: 10.1039/c3fo60641d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Recent data suggest that n-3 PUFA exert beneficial effects on endothelial progenitor cell (EPC) biology. We sought to investigate whether these effects might be mediated by enhanced EPC in vitro function and/or in vivo bioavailability. METHODS AND RESULTS CACs and late-outgrowth EPCs were isolated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells obtained from 12 donor buffy-coats. The effect of n-3 PUFA (EPA:DHA = 0.9:1.5; 9 μM EPA plus 15 μM DHA) was tested on CAC/EPC viability, function (tube-formation) and pro-inflammatory molecule expression. Circulating EPC (cells positive for CD34, CD133 and kinase insert domain receptor - KDR cell-surface antigens by flow cytometry) number was evaluated in 20 healthy subjects (10 F/10 M, 32 ± 5 years), randomized to receive 4 mackerel or sardine portions per week for 6 weeks followed by a 6 week free-diet period. N-3 PUFA improved CAC and late-outgrowth EPC viability (p < 0.05) and the capacity to form tube-like structures in CACs (+38%; p < 0.05) and late-outgrowth EPCs (+15%; p < 0.05). ICAM-1 expression was reduced in both CACs (p < 0.05) and late-outgrowth EPCs (p < 0.05) and VCAM-1 in late-outgrowth EPCs (p < 0.005). N-3 PUFA significantly decreased TNF-α and MCP-1 expression in CACs and IL-8, TNF-α and MCP-1 in late-outgrowth EPCs (p < 0.05). Circulating EPC number significantly improved after 6 weeks of a fish-enriched diet (p < 0.01) and returned to baseline levels after a 6 week free-diet period (p < 0.01). Plasma EPA levels were independently and positively associated with EPC levels (p < 0.005). CONCLUSION Our findings support the case of a beneficiary role played by n-3 PUFA in EPC function and bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Spigoni
- Cardiology, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health. University of Brescia, Italy
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14
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Harvey KA, Xu Z, Pavlina TM, Zaloga GP, Siddiqui RA. Modulation of endothelial cell integrity and inflammatory activation by commercial lipid emulsions. Lipids Health Dis 2015; 14:9. [PMID: 25888960 PMCID: PMC4339234 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-015-0005-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2014] [Accepted: 01/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Thrombosis and immune dysfunction are two important complications that result from the administration of parenteral nutrition. Endothelial cells within the vasculature are crucial components necessary for maintenance of normal coagulation and immune function. Methods We compared the effects of three commercial lipid emulsions (LEs; Intralipid®, ClinOleic® [or Clinolipid®], and Omegaven®) differing in the levels of omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids, omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, omega-9 monounsaturated fatty acids, and saturated fatty acids upon endothelial cell fatty acid composition using Gas chromatography, endothelial cell integrity by assessing measurement of apoptosis and necrosis using flow cytometry, endothelial cell inflammatory activation by assessing the induction of ICAM-1 by lipopolysaccharide [LPS]), and transcription factor activation (phosphorylation of NF-κB) using western blot analysis. Results Gas chromatographic analysis confirmed cellular uptake of the fatty acids within the LEs; furthermore, these fatty acid changes reflected the composition of the oils and egg phosphatides used in the manufacturing of these emulsions. However, the kinetics of fatty acid uptake and processing differed between LEs. Fish oil LE negatively impacted cell viability by doubling the percentage of apoptotic and necrotic cell populations quantified by flow cytometry using Annexin V/Fluorescein and propidium iodide. The soybean oil LE did not alter cell viability, while the olive oil-predominate emulsion improved cell viability. All LEs were capable of suppressing LPS-induced ICAM-1 expression; however, the fish oil LE was more potent than the other emulsions. Fish oil LE supplementation of cells also suppressed LPS-induced phosphorylation of NF-κB, while the soybean oil and olive predominant LE had no effect upon NF-κB phosphorylation. Conclusions Lipid emulsions are readily incorporated and stored in the form of triacylglycerols. Soybean oil-based, olive oil-predominant and fish-oil based LEs differentially affected endothelial cell integrity. Importantly, these three LEs were capable of suppressing endothelial cell inflammatory response despite their fatty acid content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin A Harvey
- Cellular Biochemistry Laboratory, Methodist Research Institute, Indiana University Health, 1800 N. Capitol Ave, E504D, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
| | - Zhidong Xu
- Cellular Biochemistry Laboratory, Methodist Research Institute, Indiana University Health, 1800 N. Capitol Ave, E504D, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
| | | | - Gary P Zaloga
- Baxter Healthcare Corporation, Deerfield, IL, 60015, USA.
| | - Rafat A Siddiqui
- Cellular Biochemistry Laboratory, Methodist Research Institute, Indiana University Health, 1800 N. Capitol Ave, E504D, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA. .,Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
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15
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de Souza MDGC, Conde CMS, Laflôr CM, Sicuro FL, Bouskela E. n-3 PUFA induce microvascular protective changes during ischemia/reperfusion. Lipids 2014; 50:23-37. [PMID: 25344627 PMCID: PMC4282880 DOI: 10.1007/s11745-014-3961-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2014] [Accepted: 10/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury can occur in consequence of myocardial infarction, stroke and multiple organ failure, the most prevalent cause of death in critically ill patients. I/R injury encompass impairment of endothelial dependent relaxation, increase in macromolecular permeability and leukocyte-endothelium interactions. Polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA), such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5n-3) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6n-3) found in fish oil have several anti-inflammatory properties and their potential benefits against I/R injury were investigated using the hamster cheek pouch preparation before and after ischemia. Before the experiments, hamsters were treated orally with saline, olive oil, fish oil and triacylglycerol (TAG) and ethyl ester (EE) forms of EPA and DHA at different daily doses for 14 days. Fish oil restored the arteriolar diameter to pre ischemic values during reperfusion. At onset and during reperfusion, Fish oil and DHA TAG significantly reduced the number of rolling leukocytes compared to saline and olive oil treatments. Fish oil, EPA TAG and DHA TAG significantly prevented the rise on leukocyte adhesion compared to saline. Fish oil (44.83 ± 3.02 leaks/cm(2)), EPA TAG (31.67 ± 2.65 leaks/cm(2)), DHA TAG (41.14 ± 3.63 leaks/cm(2)), and EPA EE (30.63 ± 2.25 leaks/cm(2)), but not DHA EE (73.17 ± 2.82 leaks/cm(2)) prevented the increase in macromolecular permeability compared to saline and olive oil (134.80 ± 1.49 and 121.00 ± 4.93 leaks/cm(2), respectively). On the basis of our findings, we may conclude that consumption of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, especially in the triacylglycerol form, could be a promising therapy to prevent microvascular damage induced by ischemia/reperfusion and its consequent clinical sequelae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria das Graças Coelho de Souza
- Laboratório de Pesquisas Clínicas e Experimentais em Biologia Vascular, Centro Biomédico, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rua São Francisco Xavier, 524, Pavilhão Reitor Haroldo Lisboa da Cunha térreo, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 20550-013, Brazil,
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16
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Calder PC. Marine omega-3 fatty acids and inflammatory processes: Effects, mechanisms and clinical relevance. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2014; 1851:469-84. [PMID: 25149823 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2014.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 923] [Impact Index Per Article: 92.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2014] [Revised: 08/12/2014] [Accepted: 08/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation is a condition which contributes to a range of human diseases. It involves a multitude of cell types, chemical mediators, and interactions. Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) are omega-3 (n-3) fatty acids found in oily fish and fish oil supplements. These fatty acids are able to partly inhibit a number of aspects of inflammation including leukocyte chemotaxis, adhesion molecule expression and leukocyte-endothelial adhesive interactions, production of eicosanoids like prostaglandins and leukotrienes from the n-6 fatty acid arachidonic acid, production of inflammatory cytokines, and T-helper 1 lymphocyte reactivity. In addition, EPA gives rise to eicosanoids that often have lower biological potency than those produced from arachidonic acid and EPA and DHA give rise to anti-inflammatory and inflammation resolving mediators called resolvins, protectins and maresins. Mechanisms underlying the anti-inflammatory actions of marine n-3 fatty acids include altered cell membrane phospholipid fatty acid composition, disruption of lipid rafts, inhibition of activation of the pro-inflammatory transcription factor nuclear factor kappa B so reducing expression of inflammatory genes, activation of the anti-inflammatory transcription factor peroxisome proliferator activated receptor γ and binding to the G protein coupled receptor GPR120. These mechanisms are interlinked, although the full extent of this is not yet elucidated. Animal experiments demonstrate benefit from marine n-3 fatty acids in models of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and asthma. Clinical trials of fish oil in RA demonstrate benefit, but clinical trials of fish oil in IBD and asthma are inconsistent with no overall clear evidence of efficacy. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled "Oxygenated metabolism of PUFA: analysis and biological relevance".
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip C Calder
- Human Development and Health Academic Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK; NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust and University of Southampton, Southampton, UK; Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
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17
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Yates CM, Calder PC, Ed Rainger G. Pharmacology and therapeutics of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in chronic inflammatory disease. Pharmacol Ther 2014; 141:272-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2013.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 264] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2013] [Accepted: 10/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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18
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Chang CY, Kuan YH, Li JR, Chen WY, Ou YC, Pan HC, Liao SL, Raung SL, Chang CJ, Chen CJ. Docosahexaenoic acid reduces cellular inflammatory response following permanent focal cerebral ischemia in rats. J Nutr Biochem 2013; 24:2127-37. [PMID: 24139673 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2013.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2013] [Revised: 07/24/2013] [Accepted: 08/05/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cellular inflammatory response plays an important role in ischemic brain injury and anti-inflammatory treatments in stroke are beneficial. Dietary supplementation with docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) shows anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects against ischemic stroke. However, its effectiveness and its precise modes of neuroprotective action remain incompletely understood. This study provides evidence of an alternative target for DHA and sheds light on the mechanism of its physiological benefits. We report a global inhibitory effect of 3 consecutive days of DHA preadministration on circulating and intracerebral cellular inflammatory responses in a rat model of permanent cerebral ischemia. DHA exhibited a neuroprotective effect against ischemic deficits by reduction of behavioral disturbance, brain infarction, edema and blood-brain barrier disruption. The results of enzymatic assay, Western blot, real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and flow cytometric analysis revealed that DHA reduced central macrophages/microglia activation, leukocyte infiltration and pro-inflammatory cytokine expression and peripheral leukocyte activation after cerebral ischemia. In parallel with these immunosuppressive phenomena, DHA attenuated post-stroke oxidative stress, c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) phosphorylation, c-Jun phosphorylation and activating protein-1 (AP-1) activation but further elevated ischemia-induced NF-E2-related factor-2 (Nrf2) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression. DHA treatment also had an immunosuppressive effect in lipopolysaccharide/interferon-γ-stimulated glial cultures by attenuating JNK phosphorylation, c-Jun phosphorylation and AP-1 activation and augmenting Nrf2 and HO-1 expression. In summary, we have shown that DHA exhibited neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects against ischemic brain injury and these effects were accompanied by decreased oxidative stress and JNK/AP-1 signaling as well as enhanced Nrf2/HO-1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Yi Chang
- Department of Surgery, Fong Yuan Hospital, Taichung 420, Taiwan
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19
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Tomasdottir V, Vikingsson A, Freysdottir J, Hardardottir I. Dietary fish oil reduces the acute inflammatory response and enhances resolution of antigen-induced peritonitis. J Nutr Biochem 2013; 24:1758-65. [PMID: 23769761 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2013.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2012] [Revised: 03/02/2013] [Accepted: 03/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Dietary n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) influence the inductive phase of inflammation but less is known about their effects on the resolution phase. This study examined the effects of dietary fish oil on induction and resolution of antigen-induced inflammation in mice. Mice were fed a control diet with or without 2.8% fish oil, immunized twice with methylated BSA (mBSA) and inflammation induced by intraperitoneal injection of mBSA. Prior to and at different time points after mBSA administration, peritoneal cells were analyzed and expression of surface molecules determined by flow cytometry. Concentration of chemokines, cytokines and soluble cytokine receptors was determined by ELISA. Mice fed the fish oil diet had fewer peritoneal neutrophils, shorter resolution interval and lower levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines than mice fed the control diet. In mice fed the fish oil diet there was an early peak in peritoneal levels of the immunosuppressive molecules sIL-6R and TGF-β, that was not seen in mice fed the control diet. In the resolution phase, peritoneal macrophages from mice fed the fish oil diet expressed more of the atypical chemokine receptor D6 and peritoneal TGF-β levels were higher than that in mice fed the control diet. Furthermore, in the late-resolution phase there were more peritoneal eosinophils and macrophages in mice fed the fish oil diet than in mice fed the control diet. These results demonstrate a suppressive effect of n-3 PUFA on the inductive phase of inflammation and indicate an enhancing effect of n-3 PUFA on resolution of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valgerdur Tomasdottir
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedical Center, University of Iceland, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland; Center of Rheumatology Research and Department of Immunology, Landspitali - The University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
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20
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Hekmatdoost A, Wu X, Morampudi V, Innis SM, Jacobson K. Dietary oils modify the host immune response and colonic tissue damage following Citrobacter rodentium infection in mice. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2013; 304:G917-28. [PMID: 23518681 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00292.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease is an intestinal inflammatory disorder of multifactorial origin, in which diets that favor high n-6 and low n-3 fatty acids have been implicated. The present study addressed whether dietary n-6 and n-3 fatty acids alter colonic mucosal response to Citrobacter rodentium (C. rodentium) infection. Mice were fed diets identical except for fatty acids, with an energy percentage of 15% 18:2n-6 and <0.06% 18:3n-3, 4.2% 18:2n-6 and 1.9% 18:3n-3, or 1.44% 20:5n-3, 4.9% 22:6n-3, 0.32% 18:2n-6, and 0.12% 18:3n-3 from safflower, canola, or fish oil, respectively for 3 wk before infection. Dietary oils had no effect on colonic C. rodentium growth but altered colon 20:4n-6/(20:5n-3+22:6n-3) with 9.40 ± 0.06, 1.94 ± 0.08, and 0.32 ± 0.03% in colon phosphatidylcholine and 3.82 ± 0.18, 1.14 ± 0.02, and 0.30 ± 0.02% in phosphatidylethanolamine of mice fed safflower, canola, or fish oil, respectively. At 10 days postinfection, histological damage, F4/80-positive macrophages, and myeloperoxidase-positive neutrophils in colonic mucosa were higher in infected mice fed safflower than fish oil. Colon gene transcripts for macrophage inflammatory protein 2, keratinocyte cytokine, and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 expression were significantly higher in infected mice fed safflower than canola or fish oil; IFN-γ, IL-6, and IL-17A expression were significantly elevated in mice fed safflower rather than fish oil; and IL-10 was significantly higher in mice fed fish oil rather than canola or safflower oil. This study demonstrates that oils high in 18:2n-6 with minimal n-3 fatty acids exacerbate mucosal immune response, whereas oils high in n-3 fatty acids attenuate mucosal immune response to C. rodentium. These studies implicate dietary oils as environmental modifiers of intestinal inflammation in response to infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azita Hekmatdoost
- Div. of Gastroenterology, B.C. Children's Hospital, 4480 Oak St., Rm. K4-181, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6H 3V4
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Calder PC. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and inflammatory processes: nutrition or pharmacology? Br J Clin Pharmacol 2013; 75:645-62. [PMID: 22765297 PMCID: PMC3575932 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2125.2012.04374.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 770] [Impact Index Per Article: 70.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2012] [Accepted: 06/11/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) are n-3 fatty acids found in oily fish and fish oil supplements. These fatty acids are able to inhibit partly a number of aspects of inflammation including leucocyte chemotaxis, adhesion molecule expression and leucocyte-endothelial adhesive interactions, production of eicosanoids like prostaglandins and leukotrienes from the n-6 fatty acid arachidonic acid, production of inflammatory cytokines and T cell reactivity. In parallel, EPA gives rise to eicosanoids that often have lower biological potency than those produced from arachidonioc acid and EPA and DHA give rise to anti-inflammatory and inflammation resolving resolvins and protectins. Mechanisms underlying the anti-inflammatory actions of n-3 fatty acids include altered cell membrane phospholipid fatty acid composition, disruption of lipid rafts, inhibition of activation of the pro-inflammatory transcription factor nuclear factor kappa B so reducing expression of inflammatory genes, activation of the anti-inflammatory transcription factor NR1C3 (i.e. peroxisome proliferator activated receptor γ) and binding to the G protein coupled receptor GPR120. These mechanisms are interlinked. In adult humans, an EPA plus DHA intake greater than 2 g day⁻¹ seems to be required to elicit anti-inflammatory actions, but few dose finding studies have been performed. Animal models demonstrate benefit from n-3 fatty acids in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and asthma. Clinical trials of fish oil in patients with RA demonstrate benefit supported by meta-analyses of the data. Clinical trails of fish oil in patients with IBD and asthma are inconsistent with no overall clear evidence of efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip C Calder
- Human Development and Health Academic Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, MP887 Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, United Kingdom.
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Arnardottir HH, Freysdottir J, Hardardottir I. Dietary fish oil increases the proportion of a specific neutrophil subpopulation in blood and total neutrophils in peritoneum of mice following endotoxin-induced inflammation. J Nutr Biochem 2013; 24:248-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2012.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2011] [Revised: 04/19/2012] [Accepted: 05/17/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Wu X, Schauss AG. Mitigation of inflammation with foods. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2012; 60:6703-6717. [PMID: 22468569 DOI: 10.1021/jf3007008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Constant overproduction of pro-inflammatory molecules leads to chronic inflammation. Unlike acute inflammation, which is essential for healing, chronic inflammation can delay healing and, if left unchecked, contribute to a host of diseases. There is growing evidence that some dietary factors can play important roles in maintaining health and even reversing the progression of chronic diseases, with anti-inflammatory effects as important underlying mechanism. Such findings add to the body of evidence that certain dietary components, including polyphenols and other types of compounds, found in various dietary factors including fruits, berries, vegetables, nuts, whole grains, and foods of marine origin, can play an important role in attenuating and mitigating chronic pro-inflammatory processes associated with chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianli Wu
- USDA Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center , Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 15 Children's Way, Little Rock, Arkansas 72202, United States
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Calder PC. The role of marine omega-3 (
n
-3) fatty acids in inflammatory processes, atherosclerosis and plaque stability. Mol Nutr Food Res 2012; 56:1073-80. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201100710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 196] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Philip C. Calder
- Human Development and Health Academic Unit; Faculty of Medicine; University of Southampton; MP887 Southampton General Hospital; Southampton UK
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Luo X, Yang Y, Shen T, Tang X, Xiao Y, Zou T, Xia M, Ling W. Docosahexaenoic acid ameliorates palmitate-induced lipid accumulation and inflammation through repressing NLRC4 inflammasome activation in HepG2 cells. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2012; 9:34. [PMID: 22515414 PMCID: PMC3428681 DOI: 10.1186/1743-7075-9-34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2012] [Accepted: 04/19/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background N-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, such as docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; 22:6n-3), has clinical significance in the prevention and reversal of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). However, the precious mechanism underlying remains unclear. The inflammasome, a multiprotein complex formed by NOD-like receptor (NLR) family members, has been recently shown to be activated in NASH and promote the cleavage of the pro-inflammatory cytokines to their maturation forms. Methods HepG2 cells were exposed to different dose of PA for 24 h with or without the preincubation of 50 μM DHA for another 24 h and then lipid deposition was assessed with Oil red O staining and intracellular triglyceride (TG) determination. Secretory levels of inflammatory cytokines and Caspase-1 activity were determined by ELISA assays. Gene expression and protein levels were determined by quantitative RCR and western blotting, respectively. Results Palmitate (PA) dose-dependently increased lipid accumulation, TG content and induced the secretion of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-18, TNF-α and MCP-1 from HepG2 cells. Preincubation with DHA significantly alleviated PA-induced lipid accumulation and inflammatory agents. DHA was also found to attenuate PA-induced NOD-like receptor protein 4 (NLRC4) mRNA expression. Furthermore, PA induced caspase-1 activation in a dose-dependent manner, resulting in exacerbating of procaspase-1 and pro-IL-1β processing. Knockdown of NLRC4 partially abrogated PA-induced caspase-1 activation and IL-1β maturation and completely abolished these events in the presence of DHA. Conclusions Our findings indicate DHA attenuates PA-induced lipid accumulation and inflammation through suppressing NLRC4 inflammasome activation, caspase-1 activation and IL-1β cleavage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqin Luo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
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