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Penha JTD, Gazolla FM, Carvalho CNDM, Madeira IR, Rodrigues‐Júnior F, Machado EDA, Sicuro FL, Farinatti P, Bouskela E, Collett‐Solberg PF. Physical fitness and activity, metabolic profile, adipokines and endothelial function in children. Jornal de Pediatria (Versão em Português) 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedp.2018.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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Penha JTD, Gazolla FM, Carvalho CNDM, Madeira IR, Rodrigues-Júnior F, Machado EDA, Sicuro FL, Farinatti P, Bouskela E, Collett-Solberg PF. Physical fitness and activity, metabolic profile, adipokines and endothelial function in children. J Pediatr (Rio J) 2019; 95:531-537. [PMID: 29856943 DOI: 10.1016/j.jped.2018.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Revised: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The prevalence of obesity is increasing. The aim of this study was to investigate if there is endothelial dysfunction in children with normal or excess weight, and whether the metabolic profile, adipokines, and endothelial dysfunction would be more strongly associated with physical fitness or with physical activity levels. METHOD Cross-sectional study involving children aged 5-12 years. The evaluation included venous occlusion plethysmography, serum levels of adiponectin, leptin and insulin, lipid profile, physical activity score (PAQ-C questionnaire), and physical fitness evaluation (Yo-Yo test). RESULTS A total of 62 children participated in this study. Based on the body mass index, 27 were eutrophic, 10 overweight and 25 obese. Triglycerides, LDL cholesterol, HOMA-IR, and leptin were higher in the obese and excess-weight groups compared to the eutrophic group (p<0.01). HDL cholesterol and adiponectin levels were higher in the eutrophic group compared to the obese and excess-weight groups (p<0.01). Flow-mediated vasodilation after hyperemia was higher in the eutrophic group in comparison to obese and excess-weight subjects (p<0.05). There was no difference in the physical activity levels among groups measured by PAQ-C. The Yo-Yo test was significantly associated with HDL cholesterol (rho=-0.41; p=0.01), and this association remained after adjusting for body mass index z-score (rho=0.28; p=0.03). CONCLUSION This study showed that endothelial dysfunction is already present in obese children, suggesting a predisposition to atherosclerotic disease. Moreover, HDL cholesterol levels were correlated with physical fitness, regardless of body mass index.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jociene Terra da Penha
- Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Laboratório de Pesquisas Clínicas e Experimentais em Biologia Vascular (Biovasc), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Mussi Gazolla
- Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Isabel Rey Madeira
- Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Laboratório de Pesquisas Clínicas e Experimentais em Biologia Vascular (Biovasc), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Flávio Rodrigues-Júnior
- Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Laboratório de Pesquisas Clínicas e Experimentais em Biologia Vascular (Biovasc), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Elisabeth de Amorim Machado
- Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Laboratório de Pesquisas Clínicas e Experimentais em Biologia Vascular (Biovasc), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Fernando Lencastre Sicuro
- Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Laboratório de Pesquisas Clínicas e Experimentais em Biologia Vascular do Centro Biomédico (Biovasc), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Paulo Farinatti
- Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Instituto de Educação Física e Desporto, Laboratório de Atividade Física e Promoção da Saúde (Labsau), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Eliete Bouskela
- Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Laboratório de Pesquisas Clínicas e Experimentais em Biologia Vascular (Biovasc), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Paulo Ferrez Collett-Solberg
- Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Laboratório de Pesquisas Clínicas e Experimentais em Biologia Vascular (Biovasc), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
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de Almeida Cyrino FZG, Balthazar DS, Sicuro FL, Bouskela E. Effects of venotonic drugs on the microcirculation: Comparison between Ruscus extract and micronized diosmine1. Clin Hemorheol Microcirc 2018; 68:371-382. [DOI: 10.3233/ch-170281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Zely Garcia de Almeida Cyrino
- Laboratory for Clinical and Experimental Research on Vascular Biology, Biomedical Center, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Daniela Signorelli Balthazar
- Laboratory for Clinical and Experimental Research on Vascular Biology, Biomedical Center, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Fernando Lencastre Sicuro
- Laboratory for Clinical and Experimental Research on Vascular Biology, Biomedical Center, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Eliete Bouskela
- Laboratory for Clinical and Experimental Research on Vascular Biology, Biomedical Center, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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Sicuro FL. Administração à distância de drogas injetáveis em animais de médio e grande porte mediante o uso de besta. ACTA SCI VET 2018. [DOI: 10.22456/1679-9216.15928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Dos Santos Lima Hohl L, Loguercio MFDC, Sicuro FL, Duarte de Barros-Filho J, Rocha-Barbosa O. Body and skull morphometric variations between two shovel-headed species of Amphisbaenia (Reptilia: Squamata) with morphofunctional inferences on burrowing. PeerJ 2017; 5:e3581. [PMID: 30057857 PMCID: PMC6062821 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.3581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 06/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Morphological descriptions comparing Leposternon microcephalum and L. scutigerum have been made previously. However, these taxa lack a formal quantitative morphological characterization, and comparative studies suggest that morphology and burrowing performance are be related. The excavatory movements of L. microcephalum have been described in detail. However, there is a lack of studies comparing locomotor patterns and/or performance among different amphisbaenids sharing the same skull shape. This paper presents the first study of comparative morphometric variations between two closely related amphisbaenid species, L. microcephalum and L. scutigerum, with functional inferences on fossorial locomotion efficiency. Methods Inter-specific morphometric variations were verified through statistical analyses of body and cranial measures of L. microcephalum and L. scutigerum specimens. Their burrowing activity was assessed through X-ray videofluoroscopy and then compared. The influence of morphological variation on the speed of digging was tested among Leposternon individuals. Results Leposternon microcephalum and L. scutigerum are morphometrically distinct species. The first is shorter and robust with a wider head while the other is more elongated and slim with a narrower head. They share the same excavatory movements. The animals analyzed reached relatively high speeds, but individuals with narrower skulls dug faster. A negative correlation between the speed and the width of skull was determined, but not with total length or diameter of the body. Discussion The morphometric differences between L. microcephalum and L. scutigerum are in accord with morphological variations previously described. Since these species performed the same excavation pattern, we may infer that closely related amphisbaenids with the same skull type would exhibit the same excavatory pattern. The negative correlation between head width and excavation speed is also observed in others fossorial squamates. The robustness of the skull is also related to compression force in L. microcephalum. Individuals with wider heads are stronger. Thus, we suggest trade-offs between excavation speed and compression force during burrowing in this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leandro Dos Santos Lima Hohl
- Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcantara Gomes, Laboratório de Zoologia de Vertebrados Tetrapoda-LAZOVERTE, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcantara Gomes, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Evolução, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Coordenação de Biologia, Centro Federal de Educação Tecnológica Celso Suckow da Fonseca-CEFET/RJ - Unidade Maracanã, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Mariana Fiuza de Castro Loguercio
- Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcantara Gomes, Laboratório de Zoologia de Vertebrados Tetrapoda-LAZOVERTE, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Fernando Lencastre Sicuro
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcantara Gomes, BIOVASC, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - José Duarte de Barros-Filho
- Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcantara Gomes, Laboratório de Zoologia de Vertebrados Tetrapoda-LAZOVERTE, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Oscar Rocha-Barbosa
- Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcantara Gomes, Laboratório de Zoologia de Vertebrados Tetrapoda-LAZOVERTE, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcantara Gomes, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Evolução, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Treu C, de Souza MDGC, Lupi O, Sicuro FL, Maranhão PA, Kraemer-Aguiar LG, Bouskela E. Structural and functional changes in the microcirculation of lepromatous leprosy patients - Observation using orthogonal polarization spectral imaging and laser Doppler flowmetry iontophoresis. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0175743. [PMID: 28419120 PMCID: PMC5395185 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0175743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Leprosy is a chronic granulomatous infection of skin and peripheral nerves caused by Mycobacterium leprae and is considered the main infectious cause of disability worldwide. Despite the several studies regarding leprosy, little is known about its effects on microvascular structure and function in vivo. Thus, we have aimed to compare skin capillary structure and functional density, cutaneous vasomotion (spontaneous oscillations of arteriolar diameter), which ensures optimal blood flow distribution to skin capillaries) and cutaneous microvascular blood flow and reactivity between ten men with lepromatous leprosy (without any other comorbidity) and ten age- and gender-matched healthy controls. Orthogonal polarization spectral imaging was used to evaluate skin capillary morphology and functional density and laser Doppler flowmetry to evaluate blood flow, vasomotion and spectral analysis of flowmotion (oscillations of blood flow generated by vasomotion) and microvascular reactivity, in response to iontophoresis of acetylcholine and sodium nitroprusside. The contribution of different frequency components of flowmotion (endothelial, neurogenic, myogenic, respiratory and cardiac) was not statistically different between groups. However, endothelial-dependent and -independent vasodilatations elicited by acetylcholine and sodium nitroprusside iontophoresis, respectively, were significantly reduced in lepromatous leprosy patients compared to controls, characterizing the existence of microvascular dysfunction. These patients also presented a significant increase in the number of capillaries with morphological abnormalities and in the diameters of the dermal papilla and capillary bulk when compared to controls. Our results suggest that lepromatous leprosy causes severe microvascular dysfunction and significant alterations in capillary structure. These structural and functional changes are probably induced by exposure of the microvascular bed to chronic inflammation evoked by the Mycobacterium leprae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Curt Treu
- Laboratório de Pesquisas Clínicas e Experimentais em Biologia Vascular, Centro Biomédico, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Maria das Graças Coelho de Souza
- Laboratório de Pesquisas Clínicas e Experimentais em Biologia Vascular, Centro Biomédico, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- * E-mail:
| | - Omar Lupi
- Departamento de Dermatologia, Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (Uni-Rio), Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Fernando Lencastre Sicuro
- Laboratório de Pesquisas Clínicas e Experimentais em Biologia Vascular, Centro Biomédico, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Priscila Alves Maranhão
- Laboratório de Pesquisas Clínicas e Experimentais em Biologia Vascular, Centro Biomédico, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Luiz Guilherme Kraemer-Aguiar
- Laboratório de Pesquisas Clínicas e Experimentais em Biologia Vascular, Centro Biomédico, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Ambulatório de Obesidade, Policlínica Piquet Carneiro, Departamento de Medicina Interna, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Centro Biomédico, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Eliete Bouskela
- Laboratório de Pesquisas Clínicas e Experimentais em Biologia Vascular, Centro Biomédico, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Nascimento CR, Andrade D, Carvalho-Pinto CE, Serra RR, Vellasco L, Brasil G, Ramos-Junior ES, da Mota JB, Almeida LN, Andrade MV, Correia Soeiro MDN, Juliano L, Alvarenga PH, Oliveira AC, Sicuro FL, de Carvalho ACC, Svensjö E, Scharfstein J. Mast Cell Coupling to the Kallikrein-Kinin System Fuels Intracardiac Parasitism and Worsens Heart Pathology in Experimental Chagas Disease. Front Immunol 2017; 8:840. [PMID: 28824610 PMCID: PMC5539176 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
During the course of Chagas disease, infectious forms of Trypanosoma cruzi are occasionally liberated from parasitized heart cells. Studies performed with tissue culture trypomastigotes (TCTs, Dm28c strain) demonstrated that these parasites evoke neutrophil/CXCR2-dependent microvascular leakage by activating innate sentinel cells via toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2). Upon plasma extravasation, proteolytically derived kinins and C5a stimulate immunoprotective Th1 responses via cross-talk between bradykinin B2 receptors (B2Rs) and C5aR. Awareness that TCTs invade cardiovascular cells in vitro via interdependent activation of B2R and endothelin receptors [endothelin A receptor (ETAR)/endothelin B receptor (ETBR)] led us to hypothesize that T. cruzi might reciprocally benefit from the formation of infection-associated edema via activation of kallikrein-kinin system (KKS). Using intravital microscopy, here we first examined the functional interplay between mast cells (MCs) and the KKS by topically exposing the hamster cheek pouch (HCP) tissues to dextran sulfate (DXS), a potent "contact" activator of the KKS. Surprisingly, although DXS was inert for at least 30 min, a subtle MC-driven leakage resulted in factor XII (FXII)-dependent activation of the KKS, which then amplified inflammation via generation of bradykinin (BK). Guided by this mechanistic insight, we next exposed TCTs to "leaky" HCP-forged by low dose histamine application-and found that the proinflammatory phenotype of TCTs was boosted by BK generated via the MC/KKS pathway. Measurements of footpad edema in MC-deficient mice linked TCT-evoked inflammation to MC degranulation (upstream) and FXII-mediated generation of BK (downstream). We then inoculated TCTs intracardiacally in mice and found a striking decrease of parasite DNA (quantitative polymerase chain reaction; 3 d.p.i.) in the heart of MC-deficient mutant mice. Moreover, the intracardiac parasite load was significantly reduced in WT mice pretreated with (i) cromoglycate (MC stabilizer) (ii) infestin-4, a specific inhibitor of FXIIa (iii) HOE-140 (specific antagonist of B2R), and (iv) bosentan, a non-selective antagonist of ETAR/ETBR. Notably, histopathology of heart tissues from mice pretreated with these G protein-coupled receptors blockers revealed that myocarditis and heart fibrosis (30 d.p.i.) was markedly and redundantly attenuated. Collectively, our study suggests that inflammatory edema propagated via activation of the MC/KKS pathway fuels intracardiac parasitism by generating infection-stimulatory peptides (BK and endothelins) in the edematous heart tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clarissa R. Nascimento
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Daniele Andrade
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Rafaela Rangel Serra
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Lucas Vellasco
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Brasil
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Erivan Schnaider Ramos-Junior
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- University of the Pacific, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Julia Barbalho da Mota
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Larissa Nogueira Almeida
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marcus V. Andrade
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
- Departamento de Clinica Medica, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | - Luiz Juliano
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Hessab Alvarenga
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis (IBqM), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina Oliveira
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Fernando Lencastre Sicuro
- Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Centro Biomédico Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Erik Svensjö
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Julio Scharfstein
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Julio Scharfstein,
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de Souza MDGC, Conde CMS, Laflôr CM, Sicuro FL, Bouskela E. n-3 PUFA induce microvascular protective changes during ischemia/reperfusion. Lipids 2014; 50:23-37. [PMID: 25344627 PMCID: PMC4282880 DOI: 10.1007/s11745-014-3961-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2014] [Accepted: 10/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury can occur in consequence of myocardial infarction, stroke and multiple organ failure, the most prevalent cause of death in critically ill patients. I/R injury encompass impairment of endothelial dependent relaxation, increase in macromolecular permeability and leukocyte-endothelium interactions. Polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA), such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5n-3) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6n-3) found in fish oil have several anti-inflammatory properties and their potential benefits against I/R injury were investigated using the hamster cheek pouch preparation before and after ischemia. Before the experiments, hamsters were treated orally with saline, olive oil, fish oil and triacylglycerol (TAG) and ethyl ester (EE) forms of EPA and DHA at different daily doses for 14 days. Fish oil restored the arteriolar diameter to pre ischemic values during reperfusion. At onset and during reperfusion, Fish oil and DHA TAG significantly reduced the number of rolling leukocytes compared to saline and olive oil treatments. Fish oil, EPA TAG and DHA TAG significantly prevented the rise on leukocyte adhesion compared to saline. Fish oil (44.83 ± 3.02 leaks/cm(2)), EPA TAG (31.67 ± 2.65 leaks/cm(2)), DHA TAG (41.14 ± 3.63 leaks/cm(2)), and EPA EE (30.63 ± 2.25 leaks/cm(2)), but not DHA EE (73.17 ± 2.82 leaks/cm(2)) prevented the increase in macromolecular permeability compared to saline and olive oil (134.80 ± 1.49 and 121.00 ± 4.93 leaks/cm(2), respectively). On the basis of our findings, we may conclude that consumption of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, especially in the triacylglycerol form, could be a promising therapy to prevent microvascular damage induced by ischemia/reperfusion and its consequent clinical sequelae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria das Graças Coelho de Souza
- Laboratório de Pesquisas Clínicas e Experimentais em Biologia Vascular, Centro Biomédico, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rua São Francisco Xavier, 524, Pavilhão Reitor Haroldo Lisboa da Cunha térreo, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 20550-013, Brazil,
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Panazzolo DG, Silva LHAD, Cyrino FZGDA, Sicuro FL, Kraemer-Aguiar LG, Bouskela E. Gender differences in microcirculation: observation using the hamster cheek pouch. Clinics (Sao Paulo) 2013; 68:1537-42. [PMID: 24473512 PMCID: PMC3840373 DOI: 10.6061/clinics/2013(12)10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2013] [Accepted: 06/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Estrogen has been shown to play an important protective role in non-reproductive systems, such as the cardiovascular system. Our aim was to observe gender differences in vivo with regard to the increase in macromolecular permeability and leukocyte-endothelium interaction induced by ischemia/reperfusion as well as in microvascular reactivity to vasoactive substances using the hamster cheek pouch preparation. METHODS Thirty-six male and 36 female hamsters, 21 weeks old, were selected for this study, and their cheek pouches were prepared for intravital microscopy. An increase in the macromolecular permeability of post-capillary venules was quantified as a leakage of intravenously injected fluorescein-labeled dextran, and the leukocyte-endothelium interaction was measured as the number of fluorescent rolling leukocytes or leukocytes adherent to the venular wall, labeled with rhodamin G, during reperfusion after 30 min of local ischemia. For microvascular reactivity, the mean internal diameter of arterioles was evaluated after the topical application of different concentrations of two vasoconstrictors, phenylephrine (α1-agonist) and endothelin-1, and two vasodilators, acetylcholine (endothelial-dependent) and sodium nitroprusside (endothelial-independent). RESULTS The increase in macromolecular permeability induced by ischemia/reperfusion was significantly lower in females compared with males [19 (17-22) leaks/cm2 vs. 124 (123-128) leaks/cm2, respectively, p<0.001), but the number of rolling or adherent leukocytes was not different between the groups. Phenylephrine-induced arteriolar constriction was significantly lower in females compared with males [77 (73-102)% vs. 64 (55-69)%, p<0.04], but there were no detectable differences in endothelin-1-dependent vasoreactivity. Additionally, arteriolar vasodilatation elicited by acetylcholine or sodium nitroprusside did not differ between the groups. CONCLUSION The female gender could have a direct protective role in microvascular reactivity and the increase in macromolecular permeability induced by ischemia/reperfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diogo Guarnieri Panazzolo
- Clinical and Experimental Research Laboratory on Vascular Biology, Biomedical Center, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de JaneiroRJ, Brazil
| | - Lucia Henriques Alves da Silva
- Clinical and Experimental Research Laboratory on Vascular Biology, Biomedical Center, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de JaneiroRJ, Brazil
| | - Fátima Zely Garcia de Almeida Cyrino
- Clinical and Experimental Research Laboratory on Vascular Biology, Biomedical Center, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de JaneiroRJ, Brazil
| | - Fernando Lencastre Sicuro
- Clinical and Experimental Research Laboratory on Vascular Biology, Biomedical Center, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de JaneiroRJ, Brazil
| | - Luiz Guilherme Kraemer-Aguiar
- Clinical and Experimental Research Laboratory on Vascular Biology, Biomedical Center, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de JaneiroRJ, Brazil
| | - Eliete Bouskela
- Clinical and Experimental Research Laboratory on Vascular Biology, Biomedical Center, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de JaneiroRJ, Brazil
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Kraemer-Aguiar LG, Maranhão PA, Sicuro FL, Bouskela E. Microvascular dysfunction: a direct link among BMI, waist circumference and glucose homeostasis in young overweight/obese normoglycemic women? Int J Obes (Lond) 2009; 34:111-7. [PMID: 19806157 DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2009.209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Capillary recruitment is impaired in obesity (OB), possibly worsening glucose and insulin availability to target organs. In this study, we investigated whether functional microvascular parameters were correlated with clinical-anthropometrical data and whether these parameters would influence OB-related metabolic disorders, especially glucose homeostasis, in young overweight (OW)/obese women. DESIGN Cross-sectional clinical study of microvascular reactivity in young OW/obese women. SUBJECTS AND METHODS A total of 10 lean (23.1 + or - 3.2 years, body mass index (BMI) 22.3 + or - 1.6 kg m(-2)) and 42 OW/obese (24.9 + or - 3.5 years; BMI 34.5 + or - 5.7 (25.7-46.5) kg m(-2)) sedentary non-smoking women were evaluated. Lipid profile, fasting plasma glucose (PG), post-load PG (75 g-2 h), insulin, C-reactive protein, HOMA-IR (homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance) index and anthropometric variables (weight, BMI, waist and hip circumferences, waist-to-hip ratio and blood pressure (BP)) were determined. Functional microvascular parameters (functional capillary density, red blood cell velocity at baseline and peak (RBCV(max)), and time taken to reach RBCV(max) (TRBCV(max)) during post-occlusive reactive hyperemia after 1 min arterial occlusion) were evaluated by nailfold videocapillaroscopy. RESULTS The time taken to reach RBCV(max) was significantly longer in OW/obese patients compared with control subjects (8.6 + or - 2.4 versus 5.7 + or - 1.1 s, P<0.001), and its delay was directly associated with adiposity levels, systolic BP and insulin resistance, and inversely related to high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol. Post-load PG could be correlated with TRBCV(max) (R = 0.48, P<0.05) and RBCV(max) (R = -0.29, P<0.05), and it was influenced by weight, waist circumference and TRBCV(max) (adjusted R(2) = 24%) as well. CONCLUSIONS In the investigated group of young OW/obese women, the direct correlation between post-load PG and TRBCV(max) links microvascular parameters with metabolic variables and suggests a key role for microcirculation in OB-related metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- L G Kraemer-Aguiar
- Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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de Albuquerque RM, Virgini-Magalhães CE, Lencastre Sicuro F, Bottino DA, Bouskela E. Effects of cilostazol and pentoxifylline on forearm reactive hyperemia response, lipid profile, oxidative stress, and inflammatory markers in patients with intermittent claudication. Angiology 2008; 59:549-58. [PMID: 18388031 DOI: 10.1177/0003319707309656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Peripheral arterial disease may lead to lower limb claudication and increased risk of systemic vascular dysfunction. In this article, the authors have investigated the peripheral vascular dysfunction evaluating forearm blood flow using venous occlusion plethysmography, lipid profile, and C-reactive protein in 60 patients with moderate intermittent claudication treated during 20 weeks with placebo (n = 16), cilostazol (200 mg/d; n = 17), or pentoxifylline (1200 mg/d; n = 15) in a randomized double-blinded clinical trial, taking into account smoking. Forearm blood flow after reactive hyperemia response (FBF(h) ) or oral nitroglycerine spray to evaluate endothelial-dependent and endothelial-independent vasodilation, respectively, pain-free and maximal walking distance, levels of C-reactive protein, triglycerides, cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, and high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol in plasma were determined. The results showed that there was an improvement in the high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, pain-free and maximal walking distance, and FBF(h) independent of treatment in nonsmoking patients. Cilostazol increased high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol level, maximal walking distance, and FBF(h), whereas pentoxifylline reduced C-reactive protein level and increased maximal walking distance in total and nonsmoking groups. No treatment was effective in smokers.
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