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Hosseinpanah F, Seyedhoseinpour A, Barzin M, Mahdavi M, Tasdighi E, Dehghan P, Momeni Moghaddam A, Azizi F, Valizadeh M. Comparison analysis of childhood body mass index cut-offs in predicting adulthood carotid intima media thickness: Tehran lipid and glucose study. BMC Pediatr 2021; 21:494. [PMID: 34742260 PMCID: PMC8571836 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-021-02963-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The prevalence of obesity among children and adolescences have been increased, which can consequently increase the prevalence of metabolic and cardiovascular diseases later in life. The objective of this study is to compare the ability of different childhood body mass index cut-offs in prediction of carotid intima media thickness (CIMT) as an indicator of subclinical atherosclerosis. Methods Participants were categorized into normal weight, overweight and obesity group, based on world health organization (WHO), center for disease control and prevention (CDC), international obesity task force (IOTF) and local IOTF cut-offs. After 18 years of follow up CIMT was measured. Akaike’s information criterion and relative efficiency were measured in order to compare regression models on the role of obesity on CIMT. Results In this prospective cohort study, 1295 subjects aged 3 to 18 years old were enrolled. The overall prevalence of overweight was 15.4, 11.5, 16.3 and 14.1 along with obesity prevalence of 6.6, 8.5, 7.7 and 5.0% based on WHO, CDC, local IOTF and international IOTF criteria, respectively. CIMT was higher in obese compare to normal groups across all classification criteria. After regression analysis, international IOTF was the best to predict adulthood CIMT, followed by local IOTF and WHO. CDC had the least discriminatory ability. Conclusion Due to the results of this study, IOTF could be a better tool in national and international surveillances of children in order to define overweight and obesity, which can help us to intervene more effectively in reducing the burden of cardiovascular diseases. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12887-021-02963-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhad Hosseinpanah
- Obesity Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amirhosein Seyedhoseinpour
- Obesity Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Barzin
- Obesity Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Mahdavi
- Obesity Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Erfan Tasdighi
- Obesity Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Pooneh Dehghan
- Imaging Department, Taleghani Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amin Momeni Moghaddam
- Imaging Department, Taleghani Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fereidoun Azizi
- Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Majid Valizadeh
- Obesity Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Önal ZE, Soydan L, Öztürk HE, Sağ Ç, Gürbüz T, Nuhoğlu Ç, Şimşek MM. Carotid intima media thickness in obese children: is there an association with hyperlipidemia? J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2016; 29:157-62. [PMID: 26540218 DOI: 10.1515/jpem-2015-0221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2015] [Accepted: 08/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We aimed to evaluate the association between hyperlipidemia and carotid intima media thickness in obese children, compared to non-obese ones. METHODS Two hundred (110 girls, 90 boys) children aged between 6 and 15 years participated in this study. The obese group included 53 girls, 47 boys whose body mass indices (BMI) above 95th percentile, the control group included 57 girls, 43 boys who had normal weight. Fasting total cholesterol, triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels were measured. Carotid intima media thickness (cIMT) was performed with neck ultrasound. RESULTS The median thickness of right, left and mean carotis intima media were statistically higher in the study group, compared to the control group. The mean cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL-C, LDL-C levels of the study group were statistically higher, compared to the control group. There was no relationship between BMI and left carotis intima media thickness, but there was statistically significant relationship between BMI and right, mean cIMTs in the study group. There was no correlation between serum lipid levels and cIMTs in the study group. The mean atherogenic index of the study group was statistically higher, compared to the control group. There was no statistical correlation between atherogenic index and cIMTs in both of the groups. CONCLUSIONS We observed that obese children had higher carotis intima media thicknesses. Carotis intima media thickness related to obesity can play an important role in future pre-atherosclerotic changes. Large population based studies are required to confirm this associaton.
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Chae HW, Suh I, Kwon AR, Kim YJ, Kim YH, Kang DR, Kim HY, Oh SM, Kim HC, Kim DH, Kim HS. Longitudinal standards for height and height velocity in Korean children and adolescents: the Kangwha study. [corrected]. J Korean Med Sci 2013; 28:1512-7. [PMID: 24133358 PMCID: PMC3792607 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2013.28.10.1512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2013] [Accepted: 08/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Longitudinal standards for height and height velocity are essential to monitor for appropriate linear growth. We aimed to construct standards in Korean children and adolescents through the population-based longitudinal Kangwha study. Our study was a part of a community-based prospective cohort study from 1986 to 1999 with 800 school children. Height and height velocity were recorded annually from age 6 until final height. Results were compared with cross-sectional data from the 2007 Korean National Growth Charts. Final height was 173.5 cm in boys and 160.5 cm in girls. Although final height was similar between longitudinal and cross-sectional standards, the mean height for age was higher in the longitudinal standard by 1-4 cm from age 6 until the completion of puberty. Using the longitudinal standard, age at peak height velocity (PHV) was 12 in boys and 10 in girls; height velocity at PHV was 8.62 cm/yr in boys and 7.07 cm/yr in girls. The mean height velocity was less than 1 cm/yr at age 17 in boys and 15 in girls. Thus, we have presented the first report of longitudinal standards for height and height velocity in Korean children and adolescents by analyzing longitudinal data from the Kangwha cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Wook Chae
- Department of Pediatrics, Endocrine Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Il Suh
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ah Reum Kwon
- Department of Pediatrics, Endocrine Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ye Jin Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Endocrine Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yong Hyuk Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Endocrine Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dae Ryong Kang
- Biostatistics Collaboration Unit, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ha Yan Kim
- Biostatistics Collaboration Unit, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sun Min Oh
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyeon Chang Kim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | | | - Ho-Seong Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Endocrine Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Lee HA, Park H. Overview of noncommunicable diseases in Korean children and adolescents: focus on obesity and its effect on metabolic syndrome. J Prev Med Public Health 2013; 46:173-82. [PMID: 23946875 PMCID: PMC3740222 DOI: 10.3961/jpmph.2013.46.4.173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2013] [Accepted: 07/15/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity during childhood is a dominant risk factor for noncommunicable diseases (NCDs), and is itself considered a disease that needs to be treated. Recently, the growth in childhood obesity in Korea has become stagnant; however, two in every ten children are still overweight. In addition, 60% or more of overweight children have at least one metabolic syndrome risk factor. Thus, childhood obesity should be controlled through lifestyle modification. This paper reviews studies of the modifiable risk factors of obesity in Korean children. According to the life-course approach, preschool-aged children (<5 years) are influenced by their parents rather than individual habits because they are under mostly parental care. Elementary school-aged children (6 to 11 years) are affected by overlapping individual and parental effects. This may mean that the establishment of individual behavior patterns begins during this period. The conditions of poor eating habits such as skipping meals, eating out, and high fat intake, along with low physical activity, facilitate increased obesity among adolescents (12 to 18 years). Notably, adolescent girls show high rates of both underweight and obesity, which may lead to the development of NCDs in their offspring. Therefore, the problem of NCDs is no longer limited to adults, but is also prevalent among children. In addition, early intervention offers cost-effective opportunities for preventing NCDs. Thus, children need primary consideration, adequate monitoring, diagnosis, and treatment to reduce the burden of NCDs later in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Ah Lee
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Ewha Womans University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Oh JE, Jung J, Kim HS, Hong YM, Yoo JH, Song YW, Jung JW, Kim NS, Noh CI. Clinical characteristics of obese boys and girls in a high school: focused on abdominal fat indices, fatty liver and carotid intima-media thickness. KOREAN JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS 2011; 54:292-7. [PMID: 22025922 PMCID: PMC3195794 DOI: 10.3345/kjp.2011.54.7.292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2010] [Revised: 02/10/2011] [Accepted: 05/13/2011] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Our study aimed to evaluated sex differences in clinical features of obese high school students. Methods One hundred three obese high school students (body mass index [BMI]≥85th percentile) and 51 control students (BMI<85th percentile) were enrolled in this study. Anthropometric measurements were performed. Fasting serum glucose, insulin, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, total cholesterol, triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and high-sensitive C-reactive protein were measured. Abdominal fat thickness, degree of fatty liver, and carotid intima-media thickness were measured by ultrasound. Results In control and obese groups, waist circumference was significantly longer in boys but body fat mass was significantly higher in girls. In the control group, total cholesterol and LDL-C were higher in girls. In the obese group, however, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase and triglyceride were higher and HDL-C was lower in boys. Preperitoneal fat thickness was significantly higher in obese girls. In obese group, the degree of fatty liver was significantly higher in boys. Carotid intima-media thickness was not significantly different between boys and girls. Conclusion Obese adolescents had distinguishable sex differences in body measurements, metabolic abnormalities, abdominal fat thickness and fatty liver. We can infer that these characteristics may extend into adult obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Eun Oh
- Department of Pediatrics, Ewha Womans University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Lim SM, Kim HC, Lee HS, Lee JY, Suh M, Ahn SV. Association between blood pressure and carotid intima-media thickness. J Pediatr 2009; 154:667-71. [PMID: 19101684 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2008.10.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2008] [Revised: 09/05/2008] [Accepted: 10/31/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the association between blood pressure and carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) in healthy adolescents. STUDY DESIGN Study participants included 285 first-year high school students (mean age, 15.2 years) at a rural high school in Korea. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP) were measured with an oscillometric automated sphygmomanometer. The carotid arteries were evaluated with high-resolution B-mode ultrasound scanning. IMT value was determined with the average of the maximal IMT at each common carotid artery. Increased IMT was defined as sex-specific top quartile. The odds ratio (OR) for increased IMT per 1 SD increase of SBP and DBP was estimated after adjusting for age, sex, body mass index, waist circumference, fasting glucose level, and total/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio. RESULTS Adjusted OR for increased IMT was 1.70 (P = .003) per 12.4 mm Hg SBP and 1.25 (P = .125) per 7.0 mm Hg DBP. When the analyses were performed by sex, increased IMT was associated with both SBP (OR, 2.67; P = .003) and DBP (OR, 1.68; P = .019) in girls, but it was not associated with either SBP (OR, 1.46; P = .093) or DBP (OR, 0.99; P = .972) in boys. CONCLUSION These results suggest that higher blood pressure level may be associated with increased carotid IMT in apparently healthy adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Min Lim
- Severance Hospital, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, Korea
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