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Polychronis G, Al Jabbari YS, Eliades T, Zinelis S. Galvanic coupling of steel and gold alloy lingual brackets with orthodontic wires: Is corrosion a concern? Angle Orthod 2018; 88:450-457. [PMID: 29509025 DOI: 10.2319/092917-655.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this research was to assess galvanic behavior of lingual orthodontic brackets coupled with representative types of orthodontic wires. MATERIALS AND METHODS Three types of lingual brackets: Incognito (INC), In-Ovation L (IOV), and STb (STB) were combined with a stainless steel (SS) and a nickel-titanium (NiTi) orthodontic archwire. All materials were initially investigated by scanning electron microscopy / x-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM/EDX) while wires were also tested by x-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD). All bracket-wire combinations were immersed in acidic 0.1M NaCl 0.1M lactic acid and neutral NaF 0.3% (wt) electrolyte, and the potential differences were continuously recorded for 48 hours. RESULTS The SEM/EDX analysis revealed that INC is a single-unit bracket made of a high gold (Au) alloy while IOV and STB are two-piece appliances in which the base and wing are made of SS alloys. The SS wire demonstrated austenite and martensite iron phase, while NiTi wire illustrated an intense austenite crystallographic structure with limited martensite. All bracket wire combinations showed potential differences below the threshold of galvanic corrosion (200 mV) except for INC and STB coupled with NiTi wire in NaF media. CONCLUSIONS The electrochemical results indicate that all brackets tested demonstrated galvanic compatibility with SS wire, but fluoride treatment should be used cautiously with NiTi wires coupled with Au and SS brackets.
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Sugisawa H, Kitaura H, Ueda K, Kimura K, Ishida M, Ochi Y, Kishikawa A, Ogawa S, Takano-Yamamoto T. Corrosion resistance and mechanical properties of titanium nitride plating on orthodontic wires. Dent Mater J 2017; 37:286-292. [PMID: 29109336 DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2016-348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Titanium nitride (TiN) coating by ion plating has properties such as high hardness, wear resistance, corrosion resistance, and surface lubricity, therefore TiN coating is often used in various dental appliances and materials. In this study, we evaluated the corrosion behaviors and mechanical properties of TiN coated stainless steel (SS) and nickel titanium (Ni-Ti) orthodontic wires prepared by ion plating. TiN coating by ion plating improves the corrosion resistance of orthodontic wires. The corrosion pitting of the TiN coated wire surface become small. The tensile strength and stiffness of SS wire were increased after TiN coating. In contrast, its elastic force, which is a property for Ni-Ti wire, was decreased. In addition, TiN coating provided small friction forces. The low level of friction may increase tooth movement efficiently. Therefore, TiN coated SS wire could be useful for orthodontics treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruki Sugisawa
- Division of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Department of Translational Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry
| | - Hideki Kitaura
- Division of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Department of Translational Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry
| | - Kyosuke Ueda
- Department of Materials Processing, Tohoku University Graduate School of Engineering
| | - Keisuke Kimura
- Division of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Department of Translational Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry
| | - Masahiko Ishida
- Division of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Department of Translational Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry
| | - Yumiko Ochi
- Division of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Department of Translational Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry
| | - Akiko Kishikawa
- Division of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Department of Translational Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry
| | - Saika Ogawa
- Division of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Department of Translational Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry
| | - Teruko Takano-Yamamoto
- Division of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Department of Translational Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry
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Kachoei M, Nourian A, Divband B, Kachoei Z, Shirazi S. Zinc-oxide nanocoating for improvement of the antibacterial and frictional behavior of nickel-titanium alloy. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2016; 11:2511-27. [PMID: 27623286 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2016-0171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To fabricate a friction-reducing and antibacterial coating with zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles on nickel-titanium (NiTi) wire. MATERIALS & METHODS NiTi orthodontic wires were coated with ZnO nanoparticles using the chemical deposition method. Characteristics of the coating as well as the physical, mechanical and antibacterial properties of the wires were investigated. RESULTS A stable and well-adhered ZnO coating on the NiTi wires was obtained. The hardness and elastic modulus of the ZnO nanocoating were 2.3 ± 0.2 and 61.0 ± 3.6 GPa, respectively. The coated wires presented up to 21% reduction in the frictional forces and antibacterial activity against Streptococcus mutans. ZnO nanocoating significantly improved the surface quality of NiTi wires. The modulus of elasticity, unloading forces and austenite finish temperature were not significantly different after coating. CONCLUSION This unique coating could be implemented into practice for safer and faster treatment to the benefit of both patient and clinician.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojgan Kachoei
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Azin Nourian
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Baharak Divband
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Zahra Kachoei
- Polymer Division, Chemistry Department, School of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sajjad Shirazi
- Dental and Periodontal Research Center, Faculty of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Biotechnology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Ghazal ARA, Hajeer MY, Al-Sabbagh R, Alghoraibi I, Aldiry A. An evaluation of two types of nickel-titanium wires in terms of micromorphology and nickel ions' release following oral environment exposure. Prog Orthod 2015; 16:9. [PMID: 26061986 PMCID: PMC4437993 DOI: 10.1186/s40510-015-0081-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study aimed to compare superelastic and heat-activated nickel-titanium orthodontic wires’ surface morphology and potential release of nickel ions following exposure to oral environment conditions. Methods Twenty-four 20-mm-length distal cuts of superelastic (NiTi Force I®) and 24 20-mm-length distal cuts of heat-activated (Therma-Ti Lite®) nickel-titanium wires (American Orthodontics, Sheboygan, WI, USA) were divided into two equal groups: 12 wire segments left unused and 12 segments passively exposed to oral environment for 1 month. Scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy were used to analyze surface morphology of the wires which were then immersed in artificial saliva for 1 month to determine potential nickel ions’ release by means of atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Results Heat-activated nickel-titanium (NiTi) wires were rougher than superelastic wires, and both types of wires released almost the same amount of Ni ions. After clinical exposure, more surface roughness was recorded for superelastic NiTi wires and heat-activated NiTi wires. However, retrieved superelastic NiTi wires released less Ni ions in artificial saliva after clinical exposure, and the same result was recorded regarding heat-activated wires. Conclusions Both types of NiTi wires were obviously affected by oral environment conditions; their surface roughness significantly increased while the amount of the released Ni ions significantly declined.
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Brandão GAM, Simas RM, de Almeida LM, da Silva JM, Meneghim MDC, Pereira AC, de Almeida HA, Brandão AMM. Evaluation of ionic degradation and slot corrosion of metallic brackets by the action of different dentifrices. Dental Press J Orthod 2014; 18:86-93. [PMID: 23876955 DOI: 10.1590/s2176-94512013000100019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the in vitro ionic degradation and slot base corrosion of metallic brackets subjected to brushing with dentifrices, through analysis of chemical composition by Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) and qualitative analysis by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). METHODS Thirty eight brackets were selected and randomly divided into four experimental groups (n = 7). Two groups (n = 5) worked as positive and negative controls. Simulated orthodontic braces were assembled using 0.019 x 0.025-in stainless steel wires and elastomeric rings. The groups were divided according to surface treatment: G1 (Máxima Proteção Anticáries®); G2 (Total 12®); G3 (Sensitive®); G4 (Branqueador®); Positive control (artificial saliva) and Negative control (no treatment). Twenty eight brushing cycles were performed and evaluations were made before (T0) and after (T1) experiment. RESULTS The Wilcoxon test showed no difference in ionic concentrations of titanium (Ti), chromium (Cr), iron (Fe) and nickel (Ni) between groups. G2 presented significant reduction (p < 0.05) in the concentration of aluminium ion (Al). Groups G3 and G4 presented significant increase (p < 0.05) in the concentration of aluminium ion. The SEM analysis showed increased characteristics indicative of corrosion on groups G2, G3 and G4. CONCLUSION The EDS analysis revealed that control groups and G1 did not suffer alterations on the chemical composition. G2 presented degradation in the amount of Al ion. G3 and G4 suffered increase in the concentration of Al. The immersion in artificial saliva and the dentifrice Máxima Proteção Anticáries® did not alter the surface polishing. The dentifrices Total 12®, Sensitive® and Branqueador® altered the surface polishing.
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Krishnan M, Seema S, Tiwari B, Sharma HS, Londhe S, Arora V. Surface characterization of nickel titanium orthodontic arch wires. Med J Armed Forces India 2014; 71:S340-S345.e5. [PMID: 26843749 DOI: 10.1016/j.mjafi.2013.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2013] [Accepted: 12/11/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Surface roughness of nickel titanium orthodontic arch wires poses several clinical challenges. Surface modification with aesthetic/metallic/non metallic materials is therefore a recent innovation, with clinical efficacy yet to be comprehensively evaluated. METHODS One conventional and five types of surface modified nickel titanium arch wires were surface characterized with scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive analysis, Raman spectroscopy, Atomic force microscopy and 3D profilometry. Root mean square roughness values were analyzed by one way analysis of variance and post hoc Duncan's multiple range tests. RESULTS Study groups demonstrated considerable reduction in roughness values from conventional in a material specific pattern: Group I; conventional (578.56 nm) > Group V; Teflon (365.33 nm) > Group III; nitride (301.51 nm) > Group VI (i); rhodium (290.64 nm) > Group VI (ii); silver (252.22 nm) > Group IV; titanium (229.51 nm) > Group II; resin (158.60 nm). It also showed the defects with aesthetic (resin/Teflon) and nitride surfaces and smooth topography achieved with metals; titanium/silver/rhodium. CONCLUSIONS Resin, Teflon, titanium, silver, rhodium and nitrides were effective in decreasing surface roughness of nickel titanium arch wires albeit; certain flaws. Findings have clinical implications, considering their potential in lessening biofilm adhesion, reducing friction, improving corrosion resistance and preventing nickel leach and allergic reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manu Krishnan
- Classified Specialist (Orthodontics), Dept of Dental Research & Implantology, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences (INMAS), Defence Research and Development Organization (DRDO), Timarpur, Delhi 1100054, India
| | - Saraswathy Seema
- Research Scholar, School of Medicine and Paramedical Health Sciences, Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University, Delhi Cantt, India
| | - Brijesh Tiwari
- Senior Research Fellow (Project), Dept of Dental Research & Implantology, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences (INMAS), Defence Research and Development Organization (DRDO), Timarpur, Delhi, India
| | | | - Sanjay Londhe
- Addl Director General Dental Services, IHQ of MoD (Army), New Delhi 110001, India
| | - Vimal Arora
- Director General Dental Services & Colonel Commandant, O/o DGDS, Adjutant General's Branch, IHQ of MoD, L Block, New Delhi 110001, India
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Kaneto M, Namura Y, Tamura T, Shimizu N, Tsutsumi Y, Hanawa T, Yoneyama T. Influence of electrolytic treatment time on the corrosion resistance of Ni-Ti orthodontic wire. Dent Mater J 2014; 32:305-10. [PMID: 23538767 DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2012-293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine the use of electrolytic treatment, which can improve the corrosion resistance of Ni-Ti orthodontic wires, to minimize adverse effects. Electrolytic treatment of Ni-Ti wires was performed in a solution composed of glycerol and lactic acid for 5, 15, or 30 min. The anodic polarization test, three-point bending test, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic analysis of the wire surface were performed to explore an optimal treatment condition. Breakdown potentials of treated wires increased with increasing treatment time and higher corrosion resistance was obtained by performing the electrolytic treatment for more than 5 min. The relative concentration of nickel in the layer was decreased in inverse proportion to the treatment time. The results suggest that the commercial Ni-Ti wire with low corrosion resistance can be improved by the electrolytic treatment for more than 5 min.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maki Kaneto
- Major in Orthodontics, Nihon University Graduate School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan
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Krishnan M, Seema S, Kumar AV, Varthini NP, Sukumaran K, Pawar VR, Arora V. Corrosion resistance of surface modified nickel titanium archwires. Angle Orthod 2013; 84:358-67. [PMID: 24004028 DOI: 10.2319/021813-140.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the corrosion behavior of commercially available surface modified nickel titanium (NiTi) arch wires with respect to a conventional NiTi and to evaluate its association with surface characteristics. MATERIALS AND METHODS Five types of surface modified arch wires and a conventional NiTi arch wire, all from different manufacturers, were evaluated for their corrosion resistance from breakdown potential in an anodic polarization scan in Ringer's solution. Surface characteristics were determined from scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and energy dispersive analysis. One-way analysis of variance and post hoc Duncan's multiple range tests were used to evaluate statistical significance. RESULTS Surface modified NiTi wires showed significant improvement in corrosion resistance and reduction in surface roughness values. Breakdown potentials increased in the order of group 6 (conventional; 204 mV) < group 1 (nitride; 333 mV) < group 5 (epoxy resin; 346mV) < group 3 (oxide; 523 mV) < group 2 (gold; 872 mV) < group 4 (Teflon; 1181 mV), but root mean square (RMS) roughness values, which indicated surface roughness, followed a different pattern: group 3 (oxide; 74.12 nm) < group 1 (nitride; 221.651 nm) < group 4 (Teflon; 278.523 nm) < group 2 (gold; 317.894 nm) < group 5 (epoxy resin; 344.236 nm) < group 6 (conventional; 578.555 nm). CONCLUSIONS Surface modification of NiTi wires proved to be effective in improving its corrosion resistance and decreasing surface roughness. However, neither factor could maintain a direct, one-to-one relationship. It meant that the type and nature of coating material can effectively influence the anticorrosive features of NiTi wires, compared with its surface roughness values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manu Krishnan
- a Head of the Department and Classified Specialist in Orthodontics, Department of Dental Research & Implantology, Institute of Nuclear Medicine & Allied Sciences, Defence Research & Development Organization, Delhi, India
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Liu JK, Lee TM, Liu IH. Effect of loading force on the dissolution behavior and surface properties of nickel-titanium orthodontic archwires in artificial saliva. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2011; 140:166-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2010.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2009] [Revised: 03/01/2010] [Accepted: 03/01/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Bahije L, Benyahia H, El Hamzaoui S, Ebn Touhami M, Bengueddour R, Rerhrhaye W, Abdallaoui F, Zaoui F. Comportement du NiTi en présence des bactéries orales : corrosion par le Streptococcus mutans. Int Orthod 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ortho.2010.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Bahije L, Benyahia H, El Hamzaoui S, Ebn Touhami M, Bengueddour R, Rerhrhaye W, Abdallaoui F, Zaoui F. Behavior of NiTi in the presence of oral bacteria: corrosion by Streptococcus mutans. Int Orthod 2011; 9:110-9. [PMID: 21269899 DOI: 10.1016/j.ortho.2010.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the electrochemical behavior of nickel titanium (NiTi) orthodontic wires in a solution containing Streptococcus mutans oral bacteria. In this article, we explain our choice of bacterial species before describing the culture process in artificial saliva and the precautions needed to prevent contamination by other bacteria. The electrochemical behavior of the alloy (NiTi) was analyzed electrochemically in Ringer sterile artificial saliva and in artificial saliva enriched with a sterile broth and modified by addition of bacteria. The electrochemical procedures chosen for this study were: free corrosion potential, potentiodynamic curves and impedance spectroscopy. In this way, we were able to show that the free corrosion potential of the NiTi in the Ringer solution increases with time and then stabilizes, thus passivating the alloy. We also demonstrated that colonization of the metal surface by bacteria triggered a drop in the free corrosion potential. The electrochemical impedance findings revealed no significant difference in NiTi behavior between the two media. Finally, we observed a slight difference between the two corrosion currents in favor of the bacteria-enriched solution, in which the NiTi underwent greater corrosion. These findings demonstrate the impact of acidogenic bacteria on corrosion behavior of the NiTi wires investigated. However, further research is required, notably incorporating longer immersion times in the two media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loubna Bahije
- Faculté de médecine dentaire de Rabat, université Mohamed V Souissi, Rabat, Morocco.
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IIJIMA M, YUASA T, ENDO K, MUGURUMA T, OHNO H, MIZOGUCHI I. Corrosion behavior of ion implanted nickel-titanium orthodontic wire in fluoride mouth rinse solutions. Dent Mater J 2010; 29:53-8. [DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2009-069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Szustakiewicz B, Djerbi N, Gondy A, Derki M, Devulder-Salana A, Pindi G, Rakotomalala H, Sergent O, Swead M, Tronet J. [Behavior of materials in the oral environment]. Orthod Fr 2009; 80:99-135. [PMID: 19327280 DOI: 10.1051/orthodfr/2009001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
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Taira M, Sasaki M, Kimura S, Araki Y. Dose-dependent effects of Ni (II) ions on production of three inflammatory cytokines (TNF-alpha, IL-1beta and IL-6), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and free radical NO by murine macrophage-like RAW264 cells with or without LPS-stimulation. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2008; 19:2173-2178. [PMID: 18040755 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-007-3322-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2006] [Accepted: 11/01/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The effect of Ni (II) ions on macrophages is not well understood. The purpose of this study was to examine the dose-dependent effects of Ni (II) ions up to 1,000 micromol/L on production of three inflammatory cytokines (TNF-alpha, IL-1beta and IL-6), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and nitric oxide (NO) by murine macrophage-like RAW264 cells with (+) or without (-) lipopolysaccharide (LPS) -stimulation. Ni (II) ions caused LPS (-) RAW264 cells to slightly increase production of TNF-alpha and IL-6, proportionally to the Ni (II) ion concentration while IL-1beta was not produced, and to slightly increase production of SOD and NO. It can be concluded that Ni (II) ions dose-dependently increased the inflammatory and oxidative stress conditions of LPS (-) RAW264 cells. LPS-stimulation caused RAW264 cells to produce in abundance the three inflammatory cytokines, SOD and NO. Ni (II) ions dose-dependently reduced the three cytokine quantities and NO amounts in LPS (+) RAW264 cells, while dose-independently increasing SOD amounts. It was noted that Ni (II) ions dose-dependently reduce the resistance power against bacteria of LPS (+) macrophages, because the production of volatile NO--bacteria killer is diminished proportionally to the Ni (II) ion concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayuki Taira
- Department of Dental Materials Science and Technology, Iwate Medical University School of Dentistry, 1-3-27 Chuo-dori, Morioka, Iwate, 020-8505, Japan.
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Fukushima O, Yoneyama T, Doi H, Hanawa T. Corrosion Resistance and Surface Characterization of Electrolyzed Ti-Ni Alloy. Dent Mater J 2006; 25:151-60. [PMID: 16706311 DOI: 10.4012/dmj.25.151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Ti-Ni alloy has been increasingly applied to medical and dental devices, such as coronary stents and orthodontic wires. This alloy contains nickel, which is known to give rise to cytotoxicity, metal allergy, and carcinogenicity. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to improve the corrosion resistance of Ti-Ni alloy by electrolytic treatment, whereby investigation was carried out using different acidic electrolyte compositions. As a result, specimens electrolyzed with lactic acid, water, and glycerol were found to show higher corrosion potential and release lower amount of titanium and nickel ions than mechanical-polished specimens (p<0.05). With the electrolytic treatment, nickel concentration in the surface oxide layer of Ti-Ni alloy decreased, and the thickness of the surface oxide layer increased. Based on the results of this study, it was shown that electrolytic treatment with suitable electrolyte could improve the corrosion resistance of Ti-Ni alloy, which is effective to produce medical and dental devices that utilize shape memory effect or superelasticity with better biocompatibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osamu Fukushima
- Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Japan
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Matono Y, Nakagawa M, Matsuya S, Ishikawa K, Terada Y. Corrosion Behavior of Pure Titanium and Titanium Alloys in Various Concentrations of Acidulated Phosphate Fluoride (APF) Solutions. Dent Mater J 2006; 25:104-12. [PMID: 16706304 DOI: 10.4012/dmj.25.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The corrosion behaviors of Ti, Ti-6Al-7Nb and Ti-6Al-4V alloys, and an experimentally produced Ti-0.5Pt alloy in 0.05% to 2.0% concentrations of Acidulated Phosphate Fluoride (APF) solutions (corresponding to 226 to 9,050 ppm fluoride at pH 3.5 or 3.6) were examined. While the corrosion of Ti, Ti-6Al-7Nb and Ti-6Al-4V alloys might occur easily even in a diluted 0.05% APF solution, dissolution of Ti from the Ti-0.5Pt alloy was observed only in test solutions with APF concentration exceeding 0.2%. When Ti-6Al-7Nb and Ti-6Al-4V alloys were immersed in 2.0% APF solution, their surfaces were entirely covered by compact corrosion products of Na3TiF6 due to severe corrosion. As a result, Ti dissolution was prevented and the amount of Ti dissolved decreased. However, since Ti was covered by porous, large-sized corrosion products of Na3TiF6 and that Ti-0.5Pt alloy was not covered with any corrosion product, the amount of Ti dissolved increased in the 2.0% APF solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshinari Matono
- Department of Biomaterials, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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Walker MP, White RJ, Kula KS. Effect of fluoride prophylactic agents on the mechanical properties of nickel-titanium-based orthodontic wires. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2005; 127:662-9. [PMID: 15953890 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2005.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Titanium-based alloys have high corrosion resistance because they form a thin, stable oxide layer. Nevertheless, fluoride prophylactic agents can cause corrosion and associated discoloration of titanium-based orthodontic wires. The purpose of this investigation was to study the effects of fluoride prophylactic agents on the mechanical properties of nickel-titanium (Ni-Ti) and copper-nickel-titanium (Cu-Ni-Ti) orthodontic archwires. METHODS Preformed rectangular Ni-Ti and Cu-Ni-Ti wires were immersed in either an acidulated fluoride agent, a neutral fluoride agent, or distilled water (control) for 1.5 hours at 37 degrees C. After immersion, the loading and unloading elastic modulus and yield strength of the wires were measured with a 3-point bend test in a water bath at 37 degrees C, in accordance with the criteria in the current American National Standard/American Dental Association Specification No. 32 for Orthodontic Wires (2000). Scanning electron microscopy was also used to characterize the effects of the fluoride treatment on the wire topography. RESULTS Unloading mechanical properties of Ni-Ti orthodontic wires were significantly decreased after exposure to both fluoride agents (1-way analysis of variance [ANOVA] and Dunnett's post hoc, alpha =.05); however, Cu-Ni-Ti wire mechanical properties were not significantly affected by either fluoride agent (1-way ANOVA, alpha =.05). Corrosive changes in surface topography were observed for both wires, with Cu-Ni-Ti appearing to be more severely affected. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that using topical fluoride agents with Ni-Ti wire could decrease the functional unloading mechanical properties of the wire and contribute to prolonged orthodontic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary P Walker
- Departments of Restorative Dentistry and Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, University of Missouri-Kansas City, 650 E. 25th Street, Kansas City, MO 64108-2784.
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