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Raszewski Z, Chojnacka K, Mikulewicz M. Investigating Bioactive-Glass-Infused Gels for Enamel Remineralization: An In Vitro Study. J Funct Biomater 2024; 15:119. [PMID: 38786631 PMCID: PMC11122500 DOI: 10.3390/jfb15050119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Dental hypersensitivity remains widespread, underscoring the need for materials that can effectively seal dental tubules. This study evaluated the potential of bioactive-glass-infused hydroxyethyl cellulose gels in this context. METHODS Five gels were synthesized, each containing 20% bioactive glass (specifically, 45S5, S53P4, Biomin F, and Biomin C), with an additional blank gel serving as a control. Subjected to two months of accelerated aging at 37 ± 2 °C, these gels were assessed for key properties: viscosity, water disintegration time, pH level, consistency, adhesion to glass, and element release capability. RESULTS Across the board, the gels facilitated the release of calcium, phosphate, and silicon ions, raising the pH from 9.00 ± 0.10 to 9.7 ± 0.0-a range conducive to remineralization. Dissolution in water occurred within 30-50 min post-application. Viscosity readings showed variability, with 45S5 reaching 6337 ± 24 mPa/s and Biomin F at 3269 ± 18 mPa/s after two months. Initial adhesion for the blank gel was measured at 0.27 ± 0.04 Pa, increasing to 0.73 ± 0.06 Pa for the others over time. Gels can release elements upon contact with water (Ca- Biomin C 104.8 ± 15.7 mg/L; Na- Biomin F 76.30 ± 11.44 mg/L; P- Biomin C 2.623 ± 0.393 mg/L; Si- 45S5-45.15 ± 6.77mg/L, F- Biomin F- 3.256 ± 0.651mg/L; Cl- Biomin C 135.5 ± 20.3 mg/L after 45 min). CONCLUSIONS These findings highlight the gels' capacity to kickstart the remineralization process by delivering critical ions needed for enamel layer reconstruction. Further exploration in more dynamic, real-world conditions is recommended to fully ascertain their practical utility.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Katarzyna Chojnacka
- Department of Advanced Material Technologies, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Smoluchowskiego 25, 50-372 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Marcin Mikulewicz
- Department of Dentofacial Orthopaedics and Orthodontics, Division of Facial Abnormalities, Wroclaw Medical University, Krakowska 26, 50-425 Wroclaw, Poland;
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Abedi M, Ghasemi Y, Nemati MM. Nanotechnology in toothpaste: Fundamentals, trends, and safety. Heliyon 2024; 10:e24949. [PMID: 38317872 PMCID: PMC10838805 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e24949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Several studies have revealed that healthcare nanomaterials are widely used in numerous areas of dentistry, including prevention, diagnosis, treatment, and repair. Nanomaterials in dental cosmetics are utilized to enhance the efficacy of toothpaste and other mouthwashes. Nanoparticles are added to toothpastes for a variety of reasons, including dental decay prevention, remineralization, hypersensitivity reduction, brightening, and antibacterial qualities. In this review, the benefits and uses of many common nanomaterials found in toothpaste are outlined. Additionally, the capacity and clinical applications of nanoparticles as anti-bacterial, whitening, hypersensitivity, and remineralizing agents in the treatment of dental problems and periodontitis are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Abedi
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Younes Ghasemi
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mehdi Nemati
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Kadek Hariscandra Dinatha I, Jamilludin MA, Supii AI, Wihadmadyatami H, Partini J, Yusuf Y. Porous scaffold hydroxyapatite from sand lobster shells (Panulirus homarus) using polyethylene oxide/chitosan as polymeric porogen for bone tissue engineering. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2024; 112:e35341. [PMID: 37877433 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.35341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
The hydroxyapatite (HAp; Ca10 (PO4 )6 (OH)2 )) has good biocompatibility, bioactivity, and osteoconductivity as a bone implant because the main inorganic mineral of human bone is HAp. The use of scaffold HAp from biogenic resources that contain high calcium and polymer as a pore forming agent to support bone growth is a longstanding area of interest. In this study, porous scaffolds based on HAp were synthesized from sand lobster (SL; Panulirus homarus) shells as a source of calcium using the porogen leaching method with polyethylene oxide (PEO) and chitosan (Chs) as polymeric porogen. The present study aims to synthesize HAp derived from SL shells and evaluate the effect variations of PEO on the physicochemical properties of the scaffold and cytotoxicity in cell viability assay. Briefly, the SL shell powder was calcinated with temperature variations of 600°C, 800°C, and 1000°C for 6 h. Based on the characterization, it was shown that 1000°C was the optimum calcination temperature for SL shells to synthesize HAp using the precipitation method. The characterization results of HAp using energy dispersive x-ray (EDX) revealed that the molar ratio of Ca/P was 1.67. The Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and x-ray diffractometer (XRD) spectral patterns indicated that HAp had been successfully synthesized with minor β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP), a calcium phosphate with high biocompatibility. Porous scaffolds were synthesized by varying the concentration of PEO at 0, 5, 10, and 15 wt %. Physicochemical analysis revealed that a higher concentration of PEO affected decreased crystallinity and compressive strength, but on the other hand, the porosity and pore sizes increased. Based on the physicochemical analysis, the synthesized porous scaffold showed that HAp/PEO/Chs 15 wt % had the most potential as a scaffold for biomedical applications. MTT Assay, after 24 h incubation, revealed that the scaffold was safe for use at low concentrations on the MC3T3E1 osteoblast cells, with a percentage of cell viability of 83.23 ± 3.18% at 23.4375 μg/mL. Although the cell viability decreased at higher concentrations, the HAp/PEO/Chs 15 wt % scaffold was cytocompatible with the cells. Thus, in the present study, HAp/PEO/Chs 15 wt % was the best scaffold based on pore structure, chemical composition, mechanical and crystalographic properties and cell viability.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Kadek Hariscandra Dinatha
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Muhammad A Jamilludin
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Apri I Supii
- Research Center of Marine and Land Bioindustry, National Research and Innovation Agency, Bali, Indonesia
| | - Hevi Wihadmadyatami
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Juliasih Partini
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Yusril Yusuf
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
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4
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Patty DJ, Nugraheni AD, Ana ID, Aminatun, Sari YW, Gunawarman, Yusuf Y. The enhanced properties and bioactivity of poly-ε-caprolactone/poly lactic- co-glycolic acid doped with carbonate hydroxyapatite-egg white. RSC Adv 2023; 13:34427-34438. [PMID: 38024968 PMCID: PMC10667861 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra07486b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Synthetic polymers, such as PCL and PLGA, are among the main material choices in tissue engineering because of their stable structures and strong mechanical properties. In this study, we designed polycaprolactone (PCL)/polylactic-co-glycolate acid (PLGA) nanofibers doped with carbonate hydroxyapatite (CHA) and egg white (EW) with enhanced properties. The addition of CHA and EW significantly influenced the properties and morphology of PCL/PLGA nanofibers; whereby the CHA substitution (PCL/PLGA/CHA) greatly increased the mechanical properties related to the Young's modulus and EW doping (PCL/PLGA/CHA/EW) increased the elongation at break. Bioactivity tests of PCL/PLGA/CHA/EW after immersion in the SBF for 3 to 9 days showed increased fiber diameters and a good swelling capacity that could improve cell adhesion, while biocompatibility tests with NIH-3T3 fibroblast cells showed good cell proliferation (85%) after 48 h and antibacterial properties against S. aureus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Julaidy Patty
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Gadjah Mada Yogyakarta Indonesia
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Pattimura Ambon Indonesia
| | - Ari Dwi Nugraheni
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Gadjah Mada Yogyakarta Indonesia
| | - Ika Dewi Ana
- Department of Dental Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Gadjah Mada Yogyakarta Indonesia
- Research Collaboration Center for Biomedical Scaffolds National Research and Innovation Agency of the Republic of Indonesia (BRIN), Universitas Gadjah Mada (UGM) Bulaksumur Yogyakarta 55281 Indonesia
| | - Aminatun
- Department of Physics, Universitas Airlangga Surabaya 60115 Indonesia
| | - Yessie Widya Sari
- Department of Physics, Institut Pertanian Bogor Bogor 16680 Indonesia
| | - Gunawarman
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universitas Andalas Padang 25163 Indonesia
| | - Yusril Yusuf
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Gadjah Mada Yogyakarta Indonesia
- Research Collaboration Center for Biomedical Scaffolds National Research and Innovation Agency of the Republic of Indonesia (BRIN), Universitas Gadjah Mada (UGM) Bulaksumur Yogyakarta 55281 Indonesia
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Jamilludin MA, Dinatha IKH, Supii AI, Partini J, Kusindarta DL, Yusuf Y. Functionalized cellulose nanofibrils in carbonate-substituted hydroxyapatite nanorod-based scaffold from long-spined sea urchin ( Diadema setosum) shells reinforced with polyvinyl alcohol for alveolar bone tissue engineering. RSC Adv 2023; 13:32444-32456. [PMID: 37928842 PMCID: PMC10623659 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra06165e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, carbonate-substituted hydroxyapatite (C-HAp) nanorods were synthesised using a dissolution-precipitation reaction on hydroxyapatite (HAp) nanorods based on long-spined sea urchin (Diadema setosum) shells. From the EDS analysis, the Ca/P molar ratio of C-HAp was 1.705, which was very close to the Ca/P of natural bone apatite of 1.71. The FTIR and XRD analyses revealed the AB-type CHAp of the C-HAp nanorods. The TEM showed the rod-like shape of nanosize C-HAp with a high aspect ratio. The antibacterial test against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus also showed that C-HAp had a high antibacterial activity. The C-HAp/PVA-based scaffolds were fabricated, using a freeze-drying method, for use in alveolar bone tissue engineering applications. There were various scaffolds, with no filler, with microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) filler, and with cellulose nanofibrils (CNF) filler. The physicochemical analysis showed that adding PVA and cellulose caused no chemical decomposition but decreased the scaffold crystallinity, and the lower crystallinity created more dislocations that can help cells proliferate well. The antibacterial activity showed that the CNF induced the higher antibacterial level of the scaffold. According to the SEM results, the micropores of the C-HAp/PVA/CNF can provide a place for cells to grow, and its porosity can promote cell nutrient supply. The macropores of the C-HAp/PVA/CNF were also suitable for cells and new blood vessels. Therefore, the C-HAp/PVA/CNF scaffold was examined for its cytocompatibility using the MTT assay against NIH/3T3 fibroblast cells with a 24 h incubation. The C-HAp/PVA/CNF scaffold showed a high cell viability of 90.36 ± 0.37% at a low scaffold dose of 31.25 μg mL-1. The scaffold could also facilitate NIH/3T3 cells to attach to its surface. The IC50 value had also been estimated to be 2732 μg mL-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Amir Jamilludin
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Gadjah Mada Yogyakarta 55281 Indonesia
| | - I Kadek Hariscandra Dinatha
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Gadjah Mada Yogyakarta 55281 Indonesia
| | - Apri I Supii
- Research Centre for Marine and Land Bioindustry, National Research and Innovation Agency Lombok Utara 83352 Indonesia
| | - Juliasih Partini
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Gadjah Mada Yogyakarta 55281 Indonesia
| | - Dwi Liliek Kusindarta
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada Yogyakarta 55281 Indonesia
| | - Yusril Yusuf
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Gadjah Mada Yogyakarta 55281 Indonesia
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Cheng M, Liu M, Chang L, Liu Q, Wang C, Hu L, Zhang Z, Ding W, Chen L, Guo S, Qi Z, Pan P, Chen J. Overview of structure, function and integrated utilization of marine shell. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 870:161950. [PMID: 36740075 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.161950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Marine shell resources have received great attention from researchers owing to their unique merits such as high hardness, good toughness, corrosion resistance, high adsorption, and bioactivity. Restricted by the level of comprehensive utilization technology, the utilization rate of shells is extremely low, resulting in serious waste and pollution. The research shows that the unique brick-mud structure of shells makes them have diverse and good functional characteristics, which guides them to have great utilization potential in different fields. Hence, this review highlights the constitutive relationship between microstructure-function-application of shells (e.g., gastropods, cephalopods, and amniotes), and the comprehensive applications and development ideas in the fields of biomedicine, adsorption enrichment, pHotocatalysis, marine carbon sink, and environmental deicer. It is worth mentioning that marine shells are currently well developed in three areas: bone repair, health care and medicinal value, and drug carrier, which together promote the progress of biomedical field. In addition, an in-depth summary of the application of marine shells in the adsorption and purification of various impurities such as crude oil, heavy metal ions and dyes at low-cost and high efficiency is presented. Finally, by integrating thoughts and approaches from different applications, we are committed to providing new pathways for the excavation and future high-value of shell resources, clarifying the existing development stages and bottlenecks, promoting the development of related technology industries, and achieving the synergistic win-win situation of economic and environmental benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiqi Cheng
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China
| | - Man Liu
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China
| | - Lirong Chang
- Weihai Changqing Ocean Science Technology Co., Ltd., Rongcheng 264300, China
| | - Qing Liu
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China
| | - Chunxiao Wang
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China
| | - Le Hu
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China
| | - Ziyue Zhang
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China
| | - Wanying Ding
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China
| | - Li Chen
- College of Biological Science and Technology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Sihan Guo
- Business School, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China
| | - Zhi Qi
- Business School, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China
| | - Panpan Pan
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China; Weihai Changqing Ocean Science Technology Co., Ltd., Rongcheng 264300, China; Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan 430022, China.
| | - Jingdi Chen
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China; Shandong Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Green Manufacturing, Yantai 265599, China.
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7
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Garma NMH, Ibrahim AI. Development of a remineralizing calcium phosphate nanoparticle-containing self-etching system for orthodontic bonding. Clin Oral Investig 2022; 27:1483-1497. [PMID: 36322155 PMCID: PMC10101901 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-022-04767-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
This study aimed to incorporate hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (nHA) or amorphous calcium phosphate nanoparticles (nACP) into a self-etch primer (SEP) to develop a simplified orthodontic bonding system with remineralizing and enamel preserving properties.
Materials and Methods
nHA and nACP were incorporated into a commercial SEP (Transbond™ plus) in 7% weight ratio and compared with the plain SEP as a control. Shear bond strengths (SBS), enamel damage, and adhesive remnant index (ARI) scores were evaluated at 24 h and post 5000 thermocycling. Field-emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) was used to inspect the distribution of the nanoparticles in the experimental SEPs and evaluate the enamel surface integrity both before bracket bonding and post bracket debonding. Phase determination and remineralizing capability of the modified SEP were characterized by X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy, respectively.
Results
The addition of nHA or nACP to the SEP significantly reduced the SBS, ARI, and enamel damage (p < 0.05) as compared to the control SEP; however, only nHA-SEP survived the thermocycling protocol and yielded acceptable SBS (13.38 MPa). Enamel remineralizing ability of the developed nHA-SEP was confirmed by both FESEM images and Raman phosphate map.
Conclusions
Incorporating nHA into SEP resulted in clinically acceptable bond strengths with remineralizing ability.
Clinical relevance
The newly developed nHA-SEP has unprecedented ability to simultaneously etch, prime, and remineralize the enamel in a single step leaving immaculate enamel surface with the potential of saving cost and time at the post-debonding step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noor M. H. Garma
- Orthodontic Department, College of Dentistry, University of Baghdad, Bab Al-Moadham Campus, Floor 4, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Ali I. Ibrahim
- Orthodontic Department, College of Dentistry, University of Baghdad, Bab Al-Moadham Campus, Floor 4, Baghdad, Iraq
- Centre for Oral, Clinical and Translational Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King’s College London, London, UK
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Xu J, Shi H, Luo J, Yao H, Wang P, Li Z, Wei J. Advanced materials for enamel remineralization. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:985881. [PMID: 36177189 PMCID: PMC9513249 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.985881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dental caries, a chronic and irreversible disease caused by caries-causing bacteria, has been listed as one of the three major human diseases to be prevented and treated. Therefore, it is critical to effectively stop the development of enamel caries. Remineralization treatment can control the progression of caries by inhibiting and reversing enamel demineralization at an early stage. In this process, functional materials guide the deposition of minerals on the damaged enamel, and the structure and hardness of the enamel are then restored. These remineralization materials have great potential for clinical application. In this review, advanced materials for enamel remineralization were briefly summarized, furthermore, an outlook on the perspective of remineralization materials were addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiarong Xu
- School of Stomatology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Hui Shi
- School of Stomatology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- Jiangxi Province Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Nanchang, China
| | - Jun Luo
- School of Stomatology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- Jiangxi Province Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Nanchang, China
| | - Haiyan Yao
- School of Stomatology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Pei Wang
- School of Stomatology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- Jiangxi Province Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Nanchang, China
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Zhihua Li
- School of Stomatology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- Jiangxi Province Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Nanchang, China
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- *Correspondence: Zhihua Li, ; Junchao Wei,
| | - Junchao Wei
- School of Stomatology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- Jiangxi Province Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Nanchang, China
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- *Correspondence: Zhihua Li, ; Junchao Wei,
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Cell Viability Assay and Surface Morphology Analysis of Carbonated Hydroxyapatite/Honeycomb/Titanium Alloy Coatings for Bone Implant Applications. Bioengineering (Basel) 2022; 9:bioengineering9070325. [PMID: 35877377 PMCID: PMC9311555 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering9070325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, carbonated hydroxyapatite/titanium alloy (CHA/Ti) and carbonated hydroxyapatite/honeycomb/titanium alloy (CHA/HCB/Ti) plates were coated using the electrophoretic deposition dip coating (EP2D) method. Analysis of cell viability and surface morphology of CHA/Ti and CHA/HCB/Ti coatings were carried out using the MTT (3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), respectively. In a previous study, the thickness and average compressive strength values for the CHA/Ti and CHA/HCB/Ti plates were about 63−89 μm and 54−75 MPa, respectively. The result for thickness and compressive strength in this research followed the thickness and compressive strength parameters for coating in bone implants. In this work, the cell viability for incubation times during 24 h and 48 h of CHA/Ti plates is demonstrably superior to that of CHA/HCB/Ti plates, respectively, where the cell viability for CHA/Ti plates increased to ((67 ± 2)%) after incubation for 48 h. According to the one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), the p-value was <0.05, indicating a significant difference in the average cell viability value across the three groups. Furthermore, the surface of CHA/Ti is not changed after the coating process. These results will yield many positive biomedical applications, especially in bone implants. Overall, CHA/Ti and CHA/HCB/Ti plates can be considered candidates for biomedical applications based on an analysis of surface morphology and cell viability.
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