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Hall C, Pleasance J, Hickman O, Kirkham B, Panayi GS, Eggleton P, Corrigall VM. The Biologic IRL201805 Alters Immune Tolerance Leading to Prolonged Pharmacodynamics and Efficacy in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4394. [PMID: 38673979 PMCID: PMC11049849 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25084394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
A homologue of binding immunoglobulin protein/BiP-IRL201805 alters the function of immune cells in pre-clinical in vivo and in vitro studies. The aim of the study was to select biomarkers that clearly delineate between RA patients who respond to IRL201805 and placebo patients and reveal the immunological mode of action of IRL201805 driving the extended pharmacodynamics observed in responding patients. Biomarkers that distinguished between responding patients and placebo patients included downregulation of serum interferon-γ and IL-1β; upregulation of anti-inflammatory mediators, serum soluble CTLA-4, and intracellular monocyte expression of IDO; and sustained increased CD39 expression on CD3+CD4+CD25hi CD127lo regulatory T cells. In the responding patients, selected biomarkers verified that the therapeutic effect could be continuous for at least 12 weeks post-infusion. In secondary co-culture, pre-infusion PBMCs cultured 1:1 with autologous PBMCs, isolated at later time-points during the trial, showed significantly inhibited IL-6 and IL-1β production upon anti-CD3/CD28 stimulation demonstrating IRL201805 alters the function of immune cells leading to prolonged pharmacodynamics confirmed by biomarker differences. IRL201805 may be the first of a new class of biologic drug providing long-term drug-free therapy in RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Hall
- Academic Department of Rheumatology, Centre for Inflammation Biology and Cancer Immunology (CIBCI), King’s College London Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Guy’s Hospital Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Jill Pleasance
- Academic Department of Rheumatology, Centre for Inflammation Biology and Cancer Immunology (CIBCI), King’s College London Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Guy’s Hospital Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Oliver Hickman
- Academic Department of Rheumatology, Centre for Inflammation Biology and Cancer Immunology (CIBCI), King’s College London Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Guy’s Hospital Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Bruce Kirkham
- Academic Department of Rheumatology, Centre for Inflammation Biology and Cancer Immunology (CIBCI), King’s College London Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Guy’s Hospital Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Gabriel S. Panayi
- Academic Department of Rheumatology, Centre for Inflammation Biology and Cancer Immunology (CIBCI), King’s College London Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Guy’s Hospital Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | | | - Valerie M. Corrigall
- Academic Department of Rheumatology, Centre for Inflammation Biology and Cancer Immunology (CIBCI), King’s College London Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Guy’s Hospital Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK
- Revolo Biotherapeutics, London SE1 9AP, UK
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Paterson CW, Fay KT, Chen CW, Klingensmith NJ, Gutierrez MB, Liang Z, Coopersmith CM, Ford ML. CTLA-4 Checkpoint Inhibition Improves Sepsis Survival in Alcohol-Exposed Mice. Immunohorizons 2024; 8:74-88. [PMID: 38226924 PMCID: PMC10835704 DOI: 10.4049/immunohorizons.2300060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic alcohol use increases morbidity and mortality in the setting of sepsis. Both chronic alcohol use and sepsis are characterized by immune dysregulation, including overexpression of T cell coinhibitory molecules. We sought to characterize the role of CTLA-4 during sepsis in the setting of chronic alcohol exposure using a murine model of chronic alcohol ingestion followed by cecal ligation and puncture. Results indicated that CTLA-4 expression is increased on CD4+ T cells isolated from alcohol-drinking septic mice as compared with either alcohol-drinking sham controls or water-drinking septic mice. Moreover, checkpoint inhibition of CTLA-4 improved sepsis survival in alcohol-drinking septic mice, but not water-drinking septic mice. Interrogation of the T cell compartments in these animals following pharmacologic CTLA-4 blockade, as well as following conditional Ctla4 deletion in CD4+ T cells, revealed that CTLA-4 deficiency promoted the activation and proliferation of effector regulatory T cells and the generation of conventional effector memory CD4+ T cells. These data highlight an important role for CTLA-4 in mediating mortality during sepsis in the setting of chronic alcohol exposure and may inform future approaches to develop targeted therapies for this patient population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cameron W. Paterson
- Department of Surgery, Emory Critical Care Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta GA
- Lieutenant, Medical Corps, Naval Reserve Officer Training Corp, United States Navy, Atlanta, GA
| | - Katherine T. Fay
- Department of Surgery, Emory Critical Care Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta GA
| | - Ching-Wen Chen
- Department of Surgery, Emory Critical Care Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta GA
| | - Nathan J. Klingensmith
- Department of Surgery, Emory Critical Care Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta GA
| | - Melissa B. Gutierrez
- Department of Surgery, Emory Critical Care Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta GA
| | - Zhe Liang
- Department of Surgery, Emory Critical Care Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta GA
| | - Craig M. Coopersmith
- Department of Surgery, Emory Critical Care Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta GA
| | - Mandy L. Ford
- Department of Surgery, Emory Transplant Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta GA
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3
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Chen Z, Huang J, Kwak-Kim J, Wang W. Immune checkpoint inhibitors and reproductive failures. J Reprod Immunol 2023; 156:103799. [PMID: 36724630 DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2023.103799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The human conceptus is a semi-allograft, which is antigenically foreign to the mother. Hence, the implantation process needs mechanisms to prevent allograft rejection during successful pregnancy. Immune checkpoints are a group of inhibitory pathways expressed on the surface of various immune cells in the form of ligand receptors. Immune cells possess these pathways to regulate the magnitude of immune responses and induce maternal-fetal tolerance. Briefly, 1) CTLA-4 can weaken T cell receptor (TCR) signals and inhibit T cell response; 2) The PD-1/PD-L1 pathway can reduce T cell proliferation, enhance T cell anergy and fatigue, reduce cytokine production, and increase T regulatory cell activity to complete the immunosuppression; 3) TIM3 interacts with T cells by binding Gal-9, weakening Th1 cell-mediated immunity and T cell apoptosis; 4) The LAG-3 binding to MHC II can inhibit T cell activation by interfering with the binding of CD4 to MHC II, and; 5) TIGIT can release inhibitory signals to NK and T cells through the ITIM structure of its cytoplasmic tail. Therefore, dysregulated immune checkpoints or the application of immune checkpoint inhibitors may impair human reproduction. This review intends to deliver a comprehensive overview of immune checkpoints in pregnancy, including CTLA-4, PD-1/PD-L1, TIM-3, LAG-3, TIGIT, and their inhibitors, reviewing their roles in normal and pathological human pregnancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeyang Chen
- School of Medicine, Qingdao University, 38 Dengzhou Road, Qingdao 266000, PR China; Reproduction Medical Center, Xinhua Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Jinxia Huang
- Reproduction Medical Center, Xinhua Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, PR China; Department of Gynecology, Weihai Central Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, 3 Mishan East Road, Weihai 264400, PR China
| | - Joanne Kwak-Kim
- Reproductive Medicine and Immunology, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Clinical Sciences Department, Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, Vernon Hills, IL 60061, USA; Center for Cancer Cell Biology, Immunology and Infection, Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA.
| | - Wenjuan Wang
- Reproduction Medical Center, Xinhua Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, PR China.
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Li CM, Chen Z. Autoimmunity as an Etiological Factor of Cancer: The Transformative Potential of Chronic Type 2 Inflammation. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:664305. [PMID: 34235145 PMCID: PMC8255631 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.664305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent epidemiological studies have found an alarming trend of increased cancer incidence in adults younger than 50 years of age and projected a substantial rise in cancer incidence over the next 10 years in this age group. This trend was exemplified in the incidence of non-cardia gastric cancer and its disproportionate impact on non-Hispanic white females under the age of 50. The trend is concurrent with the increasing incidence of autoimmune diseases in industrialized countries, suggesting a causal link between the two. While autoimmunity has been suspected to be a risk factor for some cancers, the exact mechanisms underlying the connection between autoimmunity and cancer remain unclear and are often controversial. The link has been attributed to several mediators such as immune suppression, infection, diet, environment, or, perhaps most plausibly, chronic inflammation because of its well-recognized role in tumorigenesis. In that regard, autoimmune conditions are common causes of chronic inflammation and may trigger repetitive cycles of antigen-specific cell damage, tissue regeneration, and wound healing. Illustrating the connection between autoimmune diseases and cancer are patients who have an increased risk of cancer development associated with genetically predisposed insufficiency of cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA4), a prototypical immune checkpoint against autoimmunity and one of the main targets of cancer immune therapy. The tumorigenic process triggered by CTLA4 insufficiency has been shown in a mouse model to be dependent on the type 2 cytokines interleukin-4 (IL4) and interleukin-13 (IL13). In this type 2 inflammatory milieu, crosstalk with type 2 immune cells may initiate epigenetic reprogramming of epithelial cells, leading to a metaplastic differentiation and eventually malignant transformation even in the absence of classical oncogenic mutations. Those findings complement a large body of evidence for type 1, type 3, or other inflammatory mediators in inflammatory tumorigenesis. This review addresses the potential of autoimmunity as a causal factor for tumorigenesis, the underlying inflammatory mechanisms that may vary depending on host-environment variations, and implications to cancer prevention and immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris M Li
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Zhibin Chen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States.,Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
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Lingel H, Brunner-Weinzierl MC. CTLA-4 (CD152): A versatile receptor for immune-based therapy. Semin Immunol 2019; 42:101298. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2019.101298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Stohl W, Yu N, Chalmers SA, Putterman C, Jacob CO. Constitutive reduction in the checkpoint inhibitor, CTLA-4, does not accelerate SLE in NZM 2328 mice. Lupus Sci Med 2019; 6:e000313. [PMID: 31168399 PMCID: PMC6519407 DOI: 10.1136/lupus-2018-000313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Background/objective Treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in oncology patients is increasing. Although ICIs trigger rheumatic immune-related adverse events, development of SLE features has been rare. Whether long-term treatment with ICIs would promote SLE features remains unknown. To begin to address this, we generated SLE-prone NZM 2328 mice with lifelong reduction in CTLA-4 expression. Methods Since CTLA-4-deficient (Ctla4−/−) NZM mice developed a lethal lymphoproliferative disorder by 3–6 weeks of age, development of SLE in these mice could not be studied. Ctla4 haploinsufficient NZM.Ctla4+/− mice were assessed in parallel with littermate female NZM.Ctla4+/+ mice. Evaluations included CTLA-4 expression and lymphocyte profiles, assessed by fluorescence-activated cell sorting; serological profiles, assessed by ELISA; renal immunopathology, assessed by histology and immunofluorescence; and clinical courses, assessed by mortality. Results CTLA-4 expression was lower in NZM.Ctla4+/− mice than in NZM.Ctla4+/+ mice. Spleen mononuclear cells, B cells, plasma cells, CD4+ cells, recently activated CD4+ cells and CD4+ T regulatory (Treg) cells were increased in NZM.Ctla4+/− mice (p≤0.042). The serological profile, degree of renal immunopathology and mortality in NZM.Ctla4+/− mice remained unaffected. Conclusion Lifelong reduction in CTLA-4 expression in NZM mice neither accelerated nor aggravated SLE. Expansion in Treg cells may have played a protective role. Our observations raise the hope that long-term treatment of patients with SLE with an anti-CTLA-4 agent, should the need arise, would not adversely affect SLE disease activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Stohl
- Division of Rheumatology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Ning Yu
- Division of Rheumatology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Samantha A Chalmers
- Division of Rheumatology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Chaim Putterman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Chaim O Jacob
- Division of Rheumatology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
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7
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Zou J, Gao X, Liu T, Liang R, Liu Y, Wang G, Wang L, Liu N, Sun P, Wang Z, Wang S, Shen Z. Ethylenecarbodiimide-fixed splenocytes carrying whole islet antigens decrease the incidence of diabetes in NOD mice via down-regulation of effector memory T cells and autoantibodies. Endocr J 2018; 65:943-952. [PMID: 29998909 DOI: 10.1507/endocrj.ej18-0158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is a syndrome of loss of glucose homeostasis caused by the loss of β cell chronic autoimmunity against islet cells. Islet-specific epitopes coupled antigen presenting cells by Ethylenecarbodiimide (ECDI) is a promising strategy to induce antigen-specific tolerance. However, single epitope induced tolerance is insufficient to prevent the onset of T1DM. The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of whole islet antigens in preventing the onset and progression of T1DM and identify the underlying immune mechanism in NOD mice. In this study, the whole islet antigens, derived from islet lysate isolated from BALB/c mice, were coupled to splenocytes of BALB/c mice by ECDI fixation (SP-Islet lysate), and then intravenously administrated to NOD mice. The results showed that, compared with control group, SP-Islet lysate group significantly decreased T1DM incidence and improved the survival of NOD mice. SP-Islet lysate treated mice had reduced insulitis score and autoantibody levels, and improved glucose tolerance and insulin/glucagon production. Furthermore, the effector memory T cells (TEMs) were downregulated and regulatory T cells (Tregs) were upregulated by the SP-Islet lysate treatment, with reduced populations of Th1&Th17 cells. In conclusion, ECDI-fixed splenocytes carrying whole islet antigens effectively prevented the onset of T1DM in NOD mice, via suppressing the production of autoantibodies and inducing anergy of autoreactive T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Zou
- Key Laboratory for Critical Care Medicine of the Ministry of Health, Tianjin First Center Hospital, Tianjin, China
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Tianjin, China
| | - Xinpu Gao
- Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Organ Transplant Center, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Tengli Liu
- Key Laboratory for Critical Care Medicine of the Ministry of Health, Tianjin First Center Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Rui Liang
- Key Laboratory for Critical Care Medicine of the Ministry of Health, Tianjin First Center Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yaojuan Liu
- Key Laboratory for Critical Care Medicine of the Ministry of Health, Tianjin First Center Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Guanqiao Wang
- Key Laboratory for Critical Care Medicine of the Ministry of Health, Tianjin First Center Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Le Wang
- Key Laboratory for Critical Care Medicine of the Ministry of Health, Tianjin First Center Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Na Liu
- Key Laboratory for Critical Care Medicine of the Ministry of Health, Tianjin First Center Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Peng Sun
- Key Laboratory for Critical Care Medicine of the Ministry of Health, Tianjin First Center Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhiping Wang
- Key Laboratory for Critical Care Medicine of the Ministry of Health, Tianjin First Center Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Organ Transplant Center, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Clinical Research Center for Organ Transplantation, Tianjin First Center Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Shusen Wang
- Key Laboratory for Critical Care Medicine of the Ministry of Health, Tianjin First Center Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Organ Transplant Center, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Clinical Research Center for Organ Transplantation, Tianjin First Center Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhongyang Shen
- Key Laboratory for Critical Care Medicine of the Ministry of Health, Tianjin First Center Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Organ Transplant Center, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Clinical Research Center for Organ Transplantation, Tianjin First Center Hospital, Tianjin, China
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8
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Reeder KM, Dunaway CW, Blackburn JP, Yu Z, Matalon S, Hastie AT, Ampleford EJ, Meyers DA, Steele C. The common γ-chain cytokine IL-7 promotes immunopathogenesis during fungal asthma. Mucosal Immunol 2018; 11:1352-1362. [PMID: 29907867 PMCID: PMC6319622 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-018-0028-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Revised: 01/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Asthmatics sensitized to fungi are reported to have more severe asthma, yet the immunopathogenic pathways contributing to this severity have not been identified. In a pilot assessment of human asthmatics, those subjects sensitized to fungi demonstrated elevated levels of the common γ-chain cytokine IL-7 in lung lavage fluid, which negatively correlated with the lung function measurement PC20. Subsequently, we show that IL-7 administration during experimental fungal asthma worsened lung function and increased the levels of type 2 cytokines (IL-4, IL-5, IL-13), proallergic chemokines (CCL17, CCL22) and proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1α, IL-1β). Intriguingly, IL-7 administration also increased IL-22, which we have previously reported to drive immunopathogenic responses in experimental fungal asthma. Employing IL22CreR26ReYFP reporter mice, we identified γδ T cells, iNKT cells, CD4 T cells and ILC3s as sources of IL-22 during fungal asthma; however, only iNKT cells were significantly increased after IL-7 administration. IL-7-induced immunopathogenesis required both type 2 and IL-22 responses. Blockade of IL-7Rα in vivo resulted in attenuated IL-22 production, lower CCL22 levels, decreased iNKT cell, CD4 T-cell and eosinophil recruitment, yet paradoxically increased dynamic lung resistance. Collectively, these results suggest a complex role for IL-7 signaling in allergic fungal asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen M Reeder
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Chad W Dunaway
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Jonathan P Blackburn
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Zhihong Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Sadis Matalon
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Annette T Hastie
- Department of Medicine, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | | | | | - Chad Steele
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
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9
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Miska J, Lui JB, Toomer KH, Devarajan P, Cai X, Houghton J, Lopez DM, Abreu MT, Wang G, Chen Z. Initiation of inflammatory tumorigenesis by CTLA4 insufficiency due to type 2 cytokines. J Exp Med 2018; 215:841-858. [PMID: 29374027 PMCID: PMC5839767 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20171971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Revised: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
CTLA4 insufficiency is genetically associated with stomach cancer. Miska et al. demonstrate that CTLA4 insufficiency causes stomach cancer by autoimmune inflammation, an effect largely attributed to type 2 cytokine stimulation of stomach mucosal cells. These findings suggest preventive strategies against tumor initiation by controlling type 2 inflammation while preserving type 1 immunity. Genetically predisposed CTLA4 insufficiency in humans is associated with gastric cancer development, which is paradoxical to the prototypical role of CTLA4 in suppressing antitumor immunity. CTLA4 is a critical immune checkpoint against autoimmune disorders. Autoimmunity has been implicated in protumor or antitumor activities. Here, we show that CTLA4 insufficiency initiates de novo tumorigenesis in the mouse stomach through inflammation triggered by host-intrinsic immune dysregulation rather than microbiota, with age-associated progression to malignancy accompanied by epigenetic dysregulation. The inflammatory tumorigenesis required CD4 T cells, but not the TH1 or TH17 subsets. Deficiencies in IL-4 and IL-13 or IL-4 receptor α broke the link between inflammation and initiation of tumorigenesis. This study establishes the causality of CTLA4 insufficiency in gastric cancer and uncovers a role of type 2 inflammation in initiating gastric epithelial transformation. These findings suggest possible improvement of immune therapies by blocking tumorigenic type 2 inflammation while preserving antitumor type 1 immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Miska
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL
| | - Jen Bon Lui
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL
| | - Kevin H Toomer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL
| | - Priyadharshini Devarajan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL
| | - Xiaodong Cai
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL.,Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, FL
| | - JeanMarie Houghton
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA
| | - Diana M Lopez
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL.,Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, FL
| | - Maria T Abreu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL.,Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, FL
| | - Gaofeng Wang
- Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL.,Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, FL
| | - Zhibin Chen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL .,Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, FL
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10
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Lui JB, McGinn LS, Chen Z. Gut microbiota amplifies host-intrinsic conversion from the CD8 T cell lineage to CD4 T cells for induction of mucosal immune tolerance. Gut Microbes 2016; 7:40-7. [PMID: 26939850 PMCID: PMC4856445 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2015.1117737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Microbiota has been shown to promote tolerogenic differentiation of T lymphocytes. It remains unclear to what extent microbiota triggers de novo re-programming or amplify pre-existing plasticity intrinsic to T cells. In a study with mouse models to track the clonal fate of CD4 and CD8 T cells, we discovered that CD8 T cells converted to MHC class I-restricted CD4 T cells without regard to selfness of their antigen specificity. In mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN), CD8 T cells converted to CD4(+)Foxp3(+) regulatory T (Treg) cells which were enriched in the large intestine lamina propria (LILP) and suppressed chemical- or immune-mediated inflammatory damage. In germ-free conditions, the converted CD4 populations were present in MLN, but absent in LILP. Therefore, an intrinsic plasticity in the host was amplified by the gut microbiota, leading to selfless tolerance induction in the intestinal mucosa. The findings may be relevant to HIV infection, cancer and autoimmune disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jen Bon Lui
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Lander S McGinn
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Zhibin Chen
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
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11
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Lui JB, Devarajan P, Teplicki SA, Chen Z. Cross-differentiation from the CD8 lineage to CD4 T cells in the gut-associated microenvironment with a nonessential role of microbiota. Cell Rep 2015; 10:574-85. [PMID: 25640181 PMCID: PMC4383668 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2014.12.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2014] [Revised: 11/02/2014] [Accepted: 12/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
CD4 and CD8 T cell lineages differentiate through respective thymic selection processes. Here, we report cross-differentiation from the CD8 lineage to CD4 T cells, but not vice versa, predominantly in the large-intestine-associated microenvironment. It occurred in the absence or distal presence of cognate antigens. This pathway produced MHC-class-I-restricted CD4(+)Foxp3(+) T(reg) (CI-T(reg)) cells. Blocking T cell-intrinsic TGFβ signaling diminished CI-Treg populations in lamina propria, but it did not preclude the CD8-to-CD4 conversion. Microbiota were not required for the cross-differentiation, but the presence of microbiota led to expansion of the converted CD4 T cell population in the large intestine. CI-T(reg) cells did not promote tolerance to microbiota per se, but they regulated systemic homeostasis of T lymphocytes and protected the large intestine from inflammatory damage. Overall, the clonal conversion from the CD8 lineage to CD4 T cell subsets occurred regardless of "self" or "nonself." This lineage plasticity may promote "selfless" tolerance for immune balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jen Bon Lui
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Priyadharshini Devarajan
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Sarah A Teplicki
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Zhibin Chen
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA.
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