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Hall BM, Fava L, Chen J, Plain KM, Boyd RA, Spicer ST, Berger MF. Anti-CD4 Monoclonal Antibody-Induced Tolerance to MHC-Incompatible Cardiac Allografts Maintained by CD4+ Suppressor T Cells That Are Not Dependent upon IL-4. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 1998. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.161.10.5147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Anti-CD4 mAb-induced tolerance to transplanted tissues has been proposed as due to down-regulation of Th1 cells by preferential induction of Th2 cytokines, especially IL-4. This study examined the role of CD4+ cells and cytokines in tolerance to fully allogeneic PVG strain heterotopic cardiac allografts induced in naive DA rats by treatment with MRC Ox38, a nondepleting anti-CD4 mAb. All grafts survived >100 days but had a minor mononuclear cell infiltrate that increased mRNA for the Th1 cytokines IL-2, IFN-γ, and TNF-β, but not for Th2 cytokines IL-4 and IL-6 or the cytolytic molecules perforin and granzyme A. These hosts accepted PVG skin grafts but rejected third-party grafts, which were not blocked by anti-IL-4 mAb. Cells from these tolerant hosts proliferated in MLC and produced IL-2, IFN-γ, and IL-4 at levels equivalent to naive cells. Unfractionated and CD4+ T cells, but not CD8+ T cells, transferred specific tolerance to irradiated heart grafted hosts and inhibited reconstitution of rejection by cotransferred naive cells. This transfer of tolerance was associated with normal induction of IL-2 and delayed induction of IFN-γ, but not with increased IL-4 or IL-10 mRNA. Transfer of tolerance was also not inhibited by anti-IL-4 mAb. This study demonstrated that tolerance induced by a nondepleting anti-CD4 mAb is maintained by a CD4+ suppressor T cell that is not associated with preferential induction of Th2 cytokines or the need for IL-4; nor is it associated with an inability to induce Th1 cytokines or anergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruce M. Hall
- Department of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Liverpool Hospital, Liverpool, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Lisa Fava
- Department of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Liverpool Hospital, Liverpool, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Juchuan Chen
- Department of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Liverpool Hospital, Liverpool, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Karren M. Plain
- Department of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Liverpool Hospital, Liverpool, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Rochelle A. Boyd
- Department of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Liverpool Hospital, Liverpool, New South Wales, Australia
| | - S. Timothy Spicer
- Department of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Liverpool Hospital, Liverpool, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Manuela F. Berger
- Department of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Liverpool Hospital, Liverpool, New South Wales, Australia
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Lingnau K, Hoehn P, Kerdine S, Koelsch S, Neudoerfl C, Palm N, Ruede E, Schmitt E. IL-4 in Combination with TGF-β Favors an Alternative Pathway of Th1 Development Independent of IL-12. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 1998. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.161.9.4709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
IL-4 was found to be the essential differentiation factor for Th2 cells and simultaneously to be a potent inhibitor of Th1 development that is induced by IFN-γ and IL-12. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that TGF-β can also inhibit Th1 development. In this work, we demonstrate that polyclonal activation of Mel-14highCD4+ T cells by immobilized anti-αβTCR mAb together with a mixture of IL-4 and TGF-β can lead to the development of both Th1 and Th2 cells, depending on the concentration of these cytokines. Additional experiments revealed that Th1 induction by a combination of IL-4 and TGF-β depends on the presence of endogenous IFN-γ, and that this alternative Th1 development is further enhanced by IL-12, but is not dependent on this cytokine. Moreover, naive OVA323–339-specific Th cells that were stimulated by APCs and OVA323–339 peptide differentiated toward Th1 cells after priming in the presence of IL-4 in combination with TGF-β. Hence, this finding confirmed the results obtained by polyclonal activation of naive CD4+ Th cells and implicates that this alternative Th1 development may also occur in vivo under the influence of TGF-β and IL-4 independently of the Th1-promoting effect of IL-12.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Lingnau
- Institute for Immunology, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Petra Hoehn
- Institute for Immunology, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Saadia Kerdine
- Institute for Immunology, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Stephan Koelsch
- Institute for Immunology, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Norbert Palm
- Institute for Immunology, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Erwin Ruede
- Institute for Immunology, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Edgar Schmitt
- Institute for Immunology, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
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Tang H, Sharp GC, Peterson KE, Braley-Mullen H. Induction of Granulomatous Experimental Autoimmune Thyroiditis in IL-4 Gene-Disrupted Mice. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 1998. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.160.1.155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
To study the role of IL-4 in development of granulomatous experimental autoimmune thyroiditis (EAT), IL-4 gene-disrupted mice expressing the EAT-susceptible H-2k haplotype were generated and used for EAT induction. Spleen cells from mouse thyroglobulin (MTg) and LPS-primed IL-4+/+ and IL-4−/− donors could induce severe granulomatous EAT when spleen cells were activated with MTg and anti-IL-2R mAb in the presence of IL-12. Thyroid lesions had extensive follicular cell proliferation, large numbers of histiocytes, polymorphonuclear leukocytes, and multinucleated giant cells, in addition to lymphocytes and other mononuclear cells. Expression of IFN-γ gene mRNA and production of IFN-γ by effector spleen cells stimulated with MTg and IL-12 were similar for both IL-4+/+ and IL-4−/− mice. Although IL-4 was undetectable in IL-4−/− mice, expression of mRNA for IL-5, IL-10, and IL-13 and production of IL-5 by both MTg-activated spleen cells and anti-CD3-activated CD4+ T cells were comparable for cells from IL-4+/+ and IL-4−/− mice, indicating that the absence of IL-4 did not prevent production of other Th2 cytokines. Production of MTg-specific IgG1 was very low or undetectable in IL-4−/− mice. IL-4 gene mRNA and MTg-specific IgG1 could be detected in IL-4+/+ or IL-4−/− recipients only when they received effector cells from IL-4+/+ donor mice, indicating that IL-4- and IgG1-secreting cells are of donor origin. These results demonstrate that IL-4 is not essential for development of granulomatous EAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiwen Tang
- *Internal Medicine,
- †Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, and
| | - Gordon C. Sharp
- *Internal Medicine,
- ‡Pathology, University of Missouri-Columbia School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212
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