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Skok J, Poudrier J, Gray D. Dendritic Cell-Derived IL-12 Promotes B Cell Induction of Th2 Differentiation: A Feedback Regulation of Th1 Development. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 1999. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.163.8.4284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
B cells convert what are normally conditions for Th1 differentiation into an environment suitable for Th2 development. This capacity is dependent on CD40 as B cells from CD40−/− mice do not elicit Th2 differentiation. To elucidate the basis of this effect, we surveyed cytokine RNA made by naive B cells after activation with anti-Ig and anti-CD40. Resting B cells make TGF-β message only, however, 4 days after activation, RNA encoding IL-6, IL-10, and TNF-α was found. The expression of these messages was accelerated by 2 days in the presence of IL-12. The relevance of these observations to T cell differentiation was investigated: addition of OVA peptide to splenic cells from DO.11.10 transgenic mice causes most T cells to make IFN-γ. Coactivation of B cells in these cultures reduces the number of IFN-γ-producing T cells and increases the number synthesizing IL-4. Abs to IL-6 and IL-10 block the IL-4 enhancement. Dissection of the component APC demonstrated that interaction of B cells with IL-12-producing dendritic cells is crucial for B cell-mediated IL-4 enhancement: Thus, B cells preactivated in the presence of dendritic cells from IL-12−/− mice show little IL-4-inducing activity when used to activate T cells. This immune regulation is initiated by IL-12 and therefore represents a feedback loop to temper its own dominant effect (IFN-γ induction).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane Skok
- *Department of Immunology, Imperial College School of Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Johanne Poudrier
- *Department of Immunology, Imperial College School of Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom
- †Clinical Research Institute of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; and
| | - David Gray
- *Department of Immunology, Imperial College School of Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom
- ‡Institute of Cell Animal and Population Biology, University of Edinburgh, Ashworth Laboratories, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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Tomura M, Yu WG, Ahn HJ, Yamashita M, Yang YF, Ono S, Hamaoka T, Kawano T, Taniguchi M, Koezuka Y, Fujiwara H. A Novel Function of Vα14+CD4+NKT Cells: Stimulation of IL-12 Production by Antigen-Presenting Cells in the Innate Immune System. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 1999. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.163.1.93] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
The balance between Th1 and Th2 development is determined by IL-4 and IL-12. While the role for CD4+ NK1.1+ T (NKT) cells in influencing this balance has been recognized based on their capacity to produce IL-4, it is unknown how IL-12 is produced in the innate immune system in which they participate. This study demonstrates that Ag-activated CD4+ NKT cells express CD40 ligand (CD40L) (CD154), which engages CD40 on APC and stimulates them to produce IL-12. Culture of B cell-depleted spleen cells from C57BL/6 mice with α-galactosylceramide (α-GalCer) capable of selectively stimulating Vα14/Jα281+ NKT cells resulted in the production of IL-12 together with IFN-γ and IL-4. α-GalCer-induced IL-12 production occurred in I-Abβ-deficient mice, but not in β2-microglobulin-deficient and Vα14/Jα281 TCR-deficient mice, and was inhibited by anti-CD40L mAb. Of CD4+ and CD4− NKT cells, the capacity to express CD40L/CD154 and trigger IL-12 production following α-GalCer stimulation was exhibited preferentially by the CD4+ NKT subset. IL-12 production was also observed in α-GalCer-treated mice. Production of IL-12 preceded IFN-γ production, and IL-12 was required for IFN-γ, but not IL-4, production. A stimulatory/inhibitory relationship existed between IL-12 and IL-4 production. These results illustrate a novel function of CD4+ NKT cells that could be involved in the regulation of Th1 vs Th2 development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michio Tomura
- *Biomedical Research Center, Osaka University Medical School, Osaka, Japan
| | - Wen-Gong Yu
- *Biomedical Research Center, Osaka University Medical School, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hyun-Jong Ahn
- *Biomedical Research Center, Osaka University Medical School, Osaka, Japan
| | - Motozo Yamashita
- *Biomedical Research Center, Osaka University Medical School, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yi-Fu Yang
- *Biomedical Research Center, Osaka University Medical School, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shiro Ono
- *Biomedical Research Center, Osaka University Medical School, Osaka, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Hamaoka
- *Biomedical Research Center, Osaka University Medical School, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tetsu Kawano
- †Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology Project, Japan Science and Technology Corporation and Department of Molecular Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan; and
| | - Masaru Taniguchi
- †Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology Project, Japan Science and Technology Corporation and Department of Molecular Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan; and
| | - Yasuhiko Koezuka
- ‡Pharmaceutical Research Laboratory, Kirin Brewery, Gunma, Japan
| | - Hiromi Fujiwara
- *Biomedical Research Center, Osaka University Medical School, Osaka, Japan
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Sharma MD, Leite de Moraes M, Zavala F, Pontoux C, Papiernik M. Induction and Inhibition of CD40-CD40 Ligand Interactions: A New Strategy Underlying Host-Virus Relationships. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 1998. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.161.10.5357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Interaction between CD40 and the CD40 ligand (CD40L) is required for mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV) propagation. We found that Fas was expressed on B cells and CD40L on a small subset of viral superantigen-cognate T cells 12 h after MMTV(SW) infection. CD40L and Fas were down-regulated after 24 h. All CD4 T cells then became resistant to anti-CD3-induced CD40L induction in vitro for 2 wk. Initiation of CD40L expression and its rapid shut-off was associated with IL-12 production and was controlled by IFN-γ and shedding of soluble CD40. These results suggest that a rapid, transient CD40-CD40L interaction involving a small number of cells is sufficient for MMTV propagation. Modulation of CD40L expression may be a major mechanism regulating the balance between viral propagation and host defenses, allowing mutual survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhav D. Sharma
- *Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U345, Institut Necker, and
| | - Maria Leite de Moraes
- †Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité de Recherche Associée 1461, and
| | | | - Christiane Pontoux
- *Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U345, Institut Necker, and
| | - Martine Papiernik
- *Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U345, Institut Necker, and
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Wykes M, Pombo A, Jenkins C, MacPherson GG. Dendritic Cells Interact Directly with Naive B Lymphocytes to Transfer Antigen and Initiate Class Switching in a Primary T-Dependent Response. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 1998. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.161.3.1313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DC) are thought to initiate Ab synthesis by activation of T cells, which then provide cytokine and cell-bound “help” to B cells. Here, we provide evidence that DC can capture and retain unprocessed Ag in vitro and in vivo, and can transfer this Ag to naive B cells to initiate a specific Ab response. The response is skewed with 4- to 13-fold higher titers of IgG than IgM, and the predominant subclasses of Ab produced in naive animals are those associated with Th2-type responses. Ag retention and the skew in class switching is a physiologic phenomenon because DC loaded with Ag in vivo and isolated 24 h later initiated a class-switched, Ag-specific Ab response in naive animals. In vitro studies confirmed that DC provide naive B cells with signals that are essential for the synthesis of class-switched Ab. Taken together, these observations show that DC have an important role in the initiation of Ab synthesis by direct interaction with B cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Wykes
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Ana Pombo
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Chris Jenkins
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - G. Gordon MacPherson
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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Tomura M, Maruo S, Mu J, Zhou XY, Ahn HJ, Hamaoka T, Okamura H, Nakanishi K, Clark S, Kurimoto M, Fujiwara H. Differential Capacities of CD4+, CD8+, and CD4−CD8− T Cell Subsets to Express IL-18 Receptor and Produce IFN-γ in Response to IL-18. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 1998. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.160.8.3759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
IL-12 and IL-18 have the capacity to stimulate IFN-γ production by T cells. Using a T cell clone, we reported that IL-18 responsiveness is generated only after exposure to IL-12. Here, we investigated the induction of IL-18 responsiveness in resting CD8+, CD4+, and CD4−CD8− T cells. Resting T cells respond to neither IL-12 nor IL-18. After stimulation with anti-CD3 plus anti-CD28 mAbs, CD8+, CD4+, and CD4−CD8− T cells expressed IL-12R, but not IL-18R, and produced IFN-γ in response to IL-12. Cultures of T cells with anti-CD3/anti-CD28 in the presence of rIL-12 induced IL-18R expression and IL-18-stimulated IFN-γ production, which reached higher levels than that induced by IL-12 stimulation. However, there was a substantial difference in the expression of IL-18R and IL-18-stimulated IFN-γ production among T cell subsets. CD4+ cells expressed marginal levels of IL-18R and produced small amounts of IFN-γ, whereas CD8+ cells expressed higher levels of IL-18R and produced more IFN-γ than CD4+ cells. Moreover, CD4−CD8− cells expressed levels of IL-18R comparable to those for CD8+ cells but produced IFN-γ one order higher than did CD8+ cells. These results indicate that the induction of IL-18R and IL-18 responsiveness by IL-12 represents a mechanism underlying enhanced IFN-γ production by resting T cells, but the operation of this mechanism differs depending on the T cell subset stimulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michio Tomura
- *Biomedical Research Center, Osaka University Medical School, Osaka, Japan
| | - Seiji Maruo
- *Biomedical Research Center, Osaka University Medical School, Osaka, Japan
| | - Jie Mu
- *Biomedical Research Center, Osaka University Medical School, Osaka, Japan
| | - Xu-Yu Zhou
- *Biomedical Research Center, Osaka University Medical School, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hyun-Jong Ahn
- *Biomedical Research Center, Osaka University Medical School, Osaka, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Hamaoka
- *Biomedical Research Center, Osaka University Medical School, Osaka, Japan
| | | | - Kenji Nakanishi
- ‡Department of Immunology, Hyogo College of Medicine, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Steven Clark
- §Genetics Institute Inc., Cambridge, MA 02140; and
| | - Masashi Kurimoto
- ¶Fujisaki Institute, Hayashibara Biochemical Laboratories, Okayama, Japan
| | - Hiromi Fujiwara
- *Biomedical Research Center, Osaka University Medical School, Osaka, Japan
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