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Lu Y, Ma Y, Li B, Sun H. The biogenesis, identification, and functionality of circWWP2 in lipopolysaccharide stimulated macrophages. Gene 2024; 905:148240. [PMID: 38316263 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2024.148240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
CircRNA, a non-coding RNA, is an ideal biomarker and a suitable potential therapeutic target for various disease due to its high stability, species conservation and cell/tissue specificity. Our previous study has found a circular RNA WWP2 (circWWP2) was significantly decreased in chicken macrophages during bacterial infection. However, the function of circWWP2 in chicken macrophages remains unclear. In this study, it was demonstrated that circWWP2 was a stable circular RNA created by back-splicing of exons 2 to 4 of WWP2 via PCR amplification, Sanger sequencing, RNase R exonuclease digestion, and RT-qPCR. Moreover, bioinformatics analysis showed circWWP2 could interact with 13 miRNAs and target 3,264 genes, which were significantly enriched in lysosomes, IgA-producing intestinal immune networks for IgA production, and Notch signaling pathway. Furthermore, CCK8 and RT-qPCR indicated that overexpression of circWWP2 could promote lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced cellular injury by decreasing cell viability and increasing the expression levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and pro-apoptosis genes, and NO production. CircWWP2 may exert a potential target for the treatment of bacterial infection. Further experiments are necessary to validate the specific mechanism that circWWP2 regulates LPS induced cellular immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Lu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Yuyi Ma
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Bichun Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Hongyan Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.
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2
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Xu SJ, Chen JH, Chang S, Li HL. The role of miRNAs in T helper cell development, activation, fate decisions and tumor immunity. Front Immunol 2024; 14:1320305. [PMID: 38264670 PMCID: PMC10803515 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1320305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
T helper (Th) cells are central members of adaptive immunity and comprise the last line of defense against pathogen infection and malignant cell invasion by secreting specific cytokines. These cytokines then attract or induce the activation and differentiation of other immune cells, including antibody-producing B cells and cytotoxic CD8+ T cells. Therefore, the bidirectional communication between Th cells and tumor cells and their positioning within the tumor microenvironment (TME), especially the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME), sculpt the tumor immune landscape, which affects disease initiation and progression. The type, number, and condition of Th cells in the TME and TIME strongly affect tumor immunity, which is precisely regulated by key effectors, such as granzymes, perforins, cytokines, and chemokines. Moreover, microRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as important regulators of Th cells. In this review, we discuss the role of miRNAs in regulating Th cell mediated adaptive immunity, focusing on the development, activation, fate decisions, and tumor immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Jun Xu
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Henan Medical Device Engineering Research Center of Interventional Therapy for Non-vascular Tumors, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Jin-Hua Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Suhwan Chang
- Department of Physiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hai-Liang Li
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Henan Medical Device Engineering Research Center of Interventional Therapy for Non-vascular Tumors, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
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Alhamdan F, Greulich T, Daviaud C, Marsh LM, Pedersen F, Thölken C, Pfefferle PI, Bahmer T, Potaczek DP, Tost J, Garn H. Identification of extracellular vesicle microRNA signatures specifically linked to inflammatory and metabolic mechanisms in obesity-associated low type-2 asthma. Allergy 2023; 78:2944-2958. [PMID: 37486026 DOI: 10.1111/all.15824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVE Plasma extracellular vesicles (EVs) represent a vital source of molecular information about health and disease states. Due to their heterogenous cellular sources, EVs and their cargo may predict specific pathomechanisms behind disease phenotypes. Here we aimed to utilize EV microRNA (miRNA) signatures to gain new insights into underlying molecular mechanisms of obesity-associated low type-2 asthma. METHODS Obese low type-2 asthma (OA) and non-obese low type-2 asthma (NOA) patients were selected from an asthma cohort conjointly with healthy controls. Plasma EVs were isolated and characterised by nanoparticle tracking analysis. EV-associated small RNAs were extracted, sequenced and bioinformatically analysed. RESULTS Based on EV miRNA expression profiles, a clear distinction between the three study groups could be established using a principal component analysis. Integrative pathway analysis of potential target genes of the differentially expressed miRNAs revealed inflammatory cytokines (e.g., interleukin-6, transforming growth factor-beta, interferons) and metabolic factors (e.g., insulin, leptin) signalling pathways to be specifically associated with OA. The miR-17-92 and miR-106a-363 clusters were significantly enriched only in OA. These miRNA clusters exhibited discrete bivariate correlations with several key laboratory (e.g., C-reactive protein) and lung function parameters. Plasma EV miRNA signatures mirrored blood-derived CD4+ T-cell transcriptome data, but achieved an even higher sensitivity in identifying specifically affected biological pathways. CONCLUSION The identified plasma EV miRNA signatures and particularly the miR-17-92 and -106a-363 clusters were capable to disentangle specific mechanisms of the obesity-associated low type-2 asthma phenotype, which may serve as basis for stratified treatment development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahd Alhamdan
- Translational Inflammation Research Division & Core Facility for Single Cell Multiomics, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL) and the Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Medical Faculty, Philipps University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- Department of Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Timm Greulich
- Department of Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), University Medical Center Giessen and Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Christian Daviaud
- Laboratory for Epigenetics & Environment, Centre National de Recherche en Génomique Humaine, CEA-Institut de Biologie François Jacob, Université Paris-Saclay, France
| | - Leigh M Marsh
- Division of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research and Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Frauke Pedersen
- Lungen Clinic Großhansdorf GmbH, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Airway Research Center North (ARCN), Großhansdorf, Germany
| | - Clemens Thölken
- Institute of Medical Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, Medical Faculty, Philipps University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Petra Ina Pfefferle
- Comprehensive Biobank Marburg (CBBMR), Member of the German Biobank Alliance (GBA) and the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Medical Faculty, Philipps University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Bahmer
- Lungen Clinic Großhansdorf GmbH, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Airway Research Center North (ARCN), Großhansdorf, Germany
- Department for Internal Medicine I, Campus Kiel, Airway Research Center North (ARCN), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Daniel P Potaczek
- Translational Inflammation Research Division & Core Facility for Single Cell Multiomics, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL) and the Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Medical Faculty, Philipps University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- Center for Infection and Genomics of the Lung (CIGL), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL) and Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Justus Liebig University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany
- Bioscientia MVZ Labor Mittelhessen GmbH, Gießen, Germany
| | - Jörg Tost
- Laboratory for Epigenetics & Environment, Centre National de Recherche en Génomique Humaine, CEA-Institut de Biologie François Jacob, Université Paris-Saclay, France
| | - Holger Garn
- Translational Inflammation Research Division & Core Facility for Single Cell Multiomics, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL) and the Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Medical Faculty, Philipps University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
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Doghish AS, Elazazy O, Mohamed HH, Mansour RM, Ghanem A, Faraag AHI, Elballal MS, Elrebehy MA, Elesawy AE, Abdel Mageed SS, Mohammed OA, Nassar YA, Abulsoud AI, Raouf AA, Abdel-Reheim MA, Rashad AA, Elawady AS, Elsisi AM, Alsalme A, Ali MA. The role of miRNAs in multiple sclerosis pathogenesis, diagnosis, and therapeutic resistance. Pathol Res Pract 2023; 251:154880. [PMID: 37832353 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, microRNAs (miRNAs) have gained increased attention from researchers around the globe. Although it is twenty nucleotides long, it can modulate several gene targets simultaneously. Their mal expression is a signature of various pathologies, and they provide the foundation to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of each pathology. Among the debilitating central nervous system (CNS) disorders with a growing prevalence globally is the multiple sclerosis (MS). Moreover, the diagnosis of MS is challenging due to the lack of disease-specific biomarkers, and the diagnosis mainly depends on ruling out other disabilities. MS could adversely affect patients' lives through its progression, and only symptomatic treatments are available as therapeutic options, but an exact cure is yet unavailable. Consequently, this review hopes to further the study of the biological features of miRNAs in MS and explore their potential as a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed S Doghish
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr City, Cairo 11829, Egypt; Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo 11231, Egypt.
| | - Ola Elazazy
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr City, Cairo 11829, Egypt
| | - Hend H Mohamed
- School of Biotechnology, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr City, Cairo 11829, Egypt; Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt
| | - Reda M Mansour
- Zoology and Entomology Department, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Helwan 11795, Egypt; Biology Department, School of Biotechnology, Badr University in Cairo, Badr City, Cairo 11829, Egypt
| | - Aml Ghanem
- School of Biotechnology, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr City, Cairo 11829, Egypt
| | - Ahmed H I Faraag
- School of Biotechnology, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr City, Cairo 11829, Egypt; Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Helwan 11795, Egypt
| | - Mohammed S Elballal
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr City, Cairo 11829, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud A Elrebehy
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr City, Cairo 11829, Egypt.
| | - Ahmed E Elesawy
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr City, Cairo 11829, Egypt
| | - Sherif S Abdel Mageed
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr City, Cairo 11829, Egypt
| | - Osama A Mohammed
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Bisha, Bisha 61922, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yara A Nassar
- Biology Department, School of Biotechnology, Badr University in Cairo, Badr City, Cairo 11829, Egypt; Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Ahmed I Abulsoud
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo 11231, Egypt; Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Heliopolis University, Cairo 11785, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Amr Raouf
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr City, Cairo 11829, Egypt
| | - Mustafa Ahmed Abdel-Reheim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Shaqra University, Shaqra 11961, Saudi Arabia; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni Suef 62521, Egypt.
| | - Ahmed A Rashad
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr City, Cairo 11829, Egypt
| | - Alaa S Elawady
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Mohammed Elsisi
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo 11231, Egypt; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sinai University, Al-Arish, Egypt
| | - Ali Alsalme
- Chemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 1145, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed A Ali
- School of Biotechnology, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr City, Cairo 11829, Egypt
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Breast cancer tumor microenvironment affects Treg/IL-17-producing Treg/Th17 cell axis: Molecular and therapeutic perspectives. Mol Ther Oncolytics 2023; 28:132-157. [PMID: 36816749 PMCID: PMC9922830 DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2023.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) comprises a variety of immune cells, among which T cells exert a prominent axial role in tumor development or anti-tumor responses in patients with breast cancer (BC). High or low levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines, such as transforming growth factor β, in the absence or presence of proinflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin-6 (IL-6), delineate the fate of T cells toward either regulatory T (Treg) or T helper 17 (Th17) cells, respectively. The transitional state of RORγt+Foxp3+ Treg (IL-17-producing Treg) resides in the middle of this reciprocal polarization, which is known as Treg/IL-17-producing Treg/Th17 cell axis. TME secretome, including microRNAs, cytokines, and extracellular vesicles, can significantly affect this axis. Furthermore, immune checkpoint inhibitors may be used to reconstruct immune cells; however, some of these novel therapies may favor tumor development. Therefore, understanding secretory and cell-associated factors involved in their differentiation or polarization and functions may be targeted for BC management. This review discusses microRNAs, cytokines, and extracellular vesicles (as secretome), as well as transcription factors and immune checkpoints (as cell-associated factors), which influence the Treg/IL-17-producing Treg/Th17 cell axis in BC. Furthermore, approved or ongoing clinical trials related to the modulation of this axis in the TME of BC are described to broaden new horizons of promising therapeutic approaches.
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Dölz M, Hasiuk M, Gagnon JD, Kornete M, Marone R, Bantug G, Kageyama R, Hess C, Ansel KM, Seyres D, Roux J, Jeker LT. Forced expression of the non-coding RNA miR-17∼92 restores activation and function in CD28-deficient CD4 + T cells. iScience 2022; 25:105372. [PMID: 36388982 PMCID: PMC9646923 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
CD28 provides the prototypical costimulatory signal required for productive T-cell activation. Known molecular consequences of CD28 costimulation are mostly based on studies of protein signaling molecules. The microRNA cluster miR-17∼92 is induced by T cell receptor stimulation and further enhanced by combined CD28 costimulation. We demonstrate that transgenic miR-17∼92 cell-intrinsically largely overcomes defects caused by CD28 deficiency. Combining genetics, transcriptomics, bioinformatics, and biochemical miRNA:mRNA interaction maps we empirically validate miR-17∼92 target genes that include several negative regulators of T cell activation. CD28-deficient T cells exhibit derepressed miR-17∼92 target genes during activation. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated ablation of the miR-17∼92 targets Pten and Nrbp1 in naive CD28-/- CD4+ T cells differentially increases proliferation and expression of the activation markers CD25 and CD44, respectively. Thus, we propose that miR-17∼92 constitutes a central mediator for T cell activation, integrating signals by the TCR and CD28 costimulation by dampening multiple brakes that prevent T cell activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianne Dölz
- Department of Biomedicine, Basel University Hospital and University of Basel, Hebelstrasse 20, CH-4031 Basel, Switzerland
- Transplantation Immunology & Nephrology, Basel University Hospital, Petersgraben 4, CH-4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marko Hasiuk
- Department of Biomedicine, Basel University Hospital and University of Basel, Hebelstrasse 20, CH-4031 Basel, Switzerland
- Transplantation Immunology & Nephrology, Basel University Hospital, Petersgraben 4, CH-4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - John D. Gagnon
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- Sandler Asthma Basic Research Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Mara Kornete
- Department of Biomedicine, Basel University Hospital and University of Basel, Hebelstrasse 20, CH-4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Romina Marone
- Department of Biomedicine, Basel University Hospital and University of Basel, Hebelstrasse 20, CH-4031 Basel, Switzerland
- Transplantation Immunology & Nephrology, Basel University Hospital, Petersgraben 4, CH-4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Glenn Bantug
- Department of Biomedicine, Basel University Hospital and University of Basel, Hebelstrasse 20, CH-4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Robin Kageyama
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- Sandler Asthma Basic Research Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Christoph Hess
- Department of Biomedicine, Basel University Hospital and University of Basel, Hebelstrasse 20, CH-4031 Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Medicine – CITIID, University of Cambridge, Puddicombe Way, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK
| | - K. Mark Ansel
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- Sandler Asthma Basic Research Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Denis Seyres
- Department of Biomedicine, Basel University Hospital and University of Basel, Hebelstrasse 20, CH-4031 Basel, Switzerland
- Transplantation Immunology & Nephrology, Basel University Hospital, Petersgraben 4, CH-4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Julien Roux
- Department of Biomedicine, Basel University Hospital and University of Basel, Hebelstrasse 20, CH-4031 Basel, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Lukas T. Jeker
- Department of Biomedicine, Basel University Hospital and University of Basel, Hebelstrasse 20, CH-4031 Basel, Switzerland
- Transplantation Immunology & Nephrology, Basel University Hospital, Petersgraben 4, CH-4031 Basel, Switzerland
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Coit P, Roopnarinesingh X, Ortiz-Fernández L, McKinnon-Maksimowicz K, Lewis EE, Merrill JT, McCune WJ, Wren JD, Sawalha AH. Hypomethylation of miR-17-92 cluster in lupus T cells and no significant role for genetic factors in the lupus-associated DNA methylation signature. Ann Rheum Dis 2022; 81:1428-1437. [PMID: 35710306 PMCID: PMC10259175 DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2022-222656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Lupus T cells demonstrate aberrant DNA methylation patterns dominated by hypomethylation of interferon-regulated genes. The objective of this study was to identify additional lupus-associated DNA methylation changes and determine the genetic contribution to epigenetic changes characteristic of lupus. METHODS Genome-wide DNA methylation was assessed in naïve CD4+ T cells from 74 patients with lupus and 74 age-matched, sex-matched and race-matched healthy controls. We applied a trend deviation analysis approach, comparing methylation data in our cohort with over 16 500 samples. Methylation quantitative trait loci (meQTL) analysis was performed by integrating methylation profiles with genome-wide genotyping data. RESULTS In addition to the previously reported epigenetic signature in interferon-regulated genes, we observed hypomethylation in the promoter region of the miR-17-92 cluster in patients with lupus. Members of this microRNA cluster play an important role in regulating T cell proliferation and differentiation. Expression of two microRNAs in this cluster, miR-19b1 and miR-18a, showed a significant positive correlation with lupus disease activity. Among miR-18a target genes, TNFAIP3, which encodes a negative regulator of nuclear factor kappa B, was downregulated in lupus CD4+ T cells. MeQTL identified in lupus patients showed overlap with genetic risk loci for lupus, including CFB and IRF7. The lupus risk allele in IRF7 (rs1131665) was associated with significant IRF7 hypomethylation. However, <1% of differentially methylated CpG sites in patients with lupus were associated with an meQTL, suggesting minimal genetic contribution to lupus-associated epigenotypes. CONCLUSION The lupus defining epigenetic signature, characterised by robust hypomethylation of interferon-regulated genes, does not appear to be determined by genetic factors. Hypomethylation of the miR-17-92 cluster that plays an important role in T cell activation is a novel epigenetic locus for lupus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Coit
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Xiavan Roopnarinesingh
- Graduate Program, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Lourdes Ortiz-Fernández
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Emily E Lewis
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Joan T Merrill
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - W Joseph McCune
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Jonathan D Wren
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Amr H Sawalha
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Lupus Center of Excellence, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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8
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Nandi SS, Katsurada K, Mahata SK, Patel KP. Neurogenic Hypertension Mediated Mitochondrial Abnormality Leads to Cardiomyopathy: Contribution of UPR mt and Norepinephrine-miR- 18a-5p-HIF-1α Axis. Front Physiol 2021; 12:718982. [PMID: 34912235 PMCID: PMC8667690 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.718982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims: Hypertension increases the risk of heart disease. Hallmark features of hypertensive heart disease is sympathoexcitation and cardiac mitochondrial abnormality. However, the molecular mechanisms for specifically neurally mediated mitochondrial abnormality and subsequent cardiac dysfunction are unclear. We hypothesized that enhanced sympatho-excitation to the heart elicits cardiac miR-18a-5p/HIF-1α and mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt) signaling that lead to mitochondrial abnormalities and consequent pathological cardiac remodeling. Methods and Results: Using a model of neurogenic hypertension (NG-HTN), induced by intracerebroventricular (ICV) infusion of Ang II (NG-HTN; 20 ng/min, 14 days, 0.5 μl/h, or Saline; Control, 0.9%) through osmotic mini-pumps in Sprague-Dawley rats (250-300 g), we attempted to identify a link between sympathoexcitation (norepinephrine; NE), miRNA and HIF-1α signaling and UPRmt to produce mitochondrial abnormalities resulting in cardiomyopathy. Cardiac remodeling, mitochondrial abnormality, and miRNA/HIF-1α signaling were assessed using histology, immunocytochemistry, electron microscopy, Western blotting or RT-qPCR. NG-HTN demonstrated increased sympatho-excitation with concomitant reduction in UPRmt, miRNA-18a-5p and increased level of HIF-1α in the heart. Our in silico analysis indicated that miR-18a-5p targets HIF-1α. Direct effects of NE on miRNA/HIF-1α signaling and mitochondrial abnormality examined using H9c2 rat cardiomyocytes showed NE reduces miR-18a-5p but increases HIF-1α. Electron microscopy revealed cardiac mitochondrial abnormality in NG-HTN, linked with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and fibrosis. Mitochondrial unfolded protein response was decreased in NG-HTN indicating mitochondrial proteinopathy and proteotoxic stress, associated with increased mito-ROS and decreased mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm), and oxidative phosphorylation. Further, there was reduced cardiac mitochondrial biogenesis and fusion, but increased mitochondrial fission, coupled with mitochondrial impaired TIM-TOM transport and UPRmt. Direct effects of NE on H9c2 rat cardiomyocytes also showed cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, increased mitochondrial ROS generation, and UPRmt corroborating the in vivo data. Conclusion: In conclusion, enhanced sympatho-excitation suppress miR-18a-5p/HIF-1α signaling and increased mitochondrial stress proteotoxicity, decreased UPRmt leading to decreased mitochondrial dynamics/OXPHOS/ΔΨm and ROS generation. Taken together, these results suggest that ROS induced mitochondrial transition pore opening activates pro-hypertrophy/fibrosis/inflammatory factors that induce pathological cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis commonly observed in NG-HTN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shyam S. Nandi
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Kenichi Katsurada
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Sushil K. Mahata
- Metabolic Physiology and Ultrastructural Biology Laboratory, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Kaushik P. Patel
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
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Weidner J, Bartel S, Kılıç A, Zissler UM, Renz H, Schwarze J, Schmidt‐Weber CB, Maes T, Rebane A, Krauss‐Etschmann S, Rådinger M. Spotlight on microRNAs in allergy and asthma. Allergy 2021; 76:1661-1678. [PMID: 33128813 PMCID: PMC8246745 DOI: 10.1111/all.14646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In past 10 years, microRNAs (miRNAs) have gained scientific attention due to their importance in the pathophysiology of allergic diseases and their potential as biomarkers in liquid biopsies. They act as master post‐transcriptional regulators that control most cellular processes. As one miRNA can target several mRNAs, often within the same pathway, dysregulated expression of miRNAs may alter particular cellular responses and contribute, or lead, to the development of various diseases. In this review, we give an overview of the current research on miRNAs in allergic diseases, including atopic dermatitis, allergic rhinitis, and asthma. Specifically, we discuss how individual miRNAs function in the regulation of immune responses in epithelial cells and specialized immune cells in response to different environmental factors and respiratory viruses. In addition, we review insights obtained from experiments with murine models of allergic airway and skin inflammation and offer an overview of studies focusing on miRNA discovery using profiling techniques and bioinformatic modeling of the network effect of multiple miRNAs. In conclusion, we highlight the importance of research into miRNA function in allergy and asthma to improve our knowledge of the molecular mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of this heterogeneous group of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Weidner
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition Krefting Research Centre Sahlgrenska Academy University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Sabine Bartel
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology GRIAC Research Institute University Medical Center Groningen University of Groningen Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Ayse Kılıç
- Channing Division of Network Medicine Brigham and Women's Hospital Boston MA USA
| | - Ulrich M. Zissler
- Center for Allergy and Environment (ZAUM) Technical University of Munich and Helmholtz Center MunichGerman Research Center for Environmental Health Munich Germany
| | - Harald Renz
- Institut für Laboratoriumsmedizin und Pathobiochemie Philipps University of Marburg Marburg Germany
| | - Jürgen Schwarze
- Centre for Inflammation Research The University of Edinburgh Edinburgh UK
| | - Carsten B. Schmidt‐Weber
- Center for Allergy and Environment (ZAUM) Technical University of Munich and Helmholtz Center MunichGerman Research Center for Environmental Health Munich Germany
| | - Tania Maes
- Department of Respiratory Medicine Ghent University Ghent Belgium
| | - Ana Rebane
- Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine University of Tartu Tartu Estonia
| | - Susanne Krauss‐Etschmann
- Research Center Borstel Borstel Germany
- Institute of Experimental Medicine Christian‐Albrechts University Kiel Kiel Germany
| | - Madeleine Rådinger
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition Krefting Research Centre Sahlgrenska Academy University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden
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10
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Ghafouri-Fard S, Hussen BM, Nicknafs F, Nazer N, Sayad A, Taheri M. Expression Analysis of Protein Inhibitor of Activated STAT in Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyradiculoneuropathy. Front Immunol 2021; 12:659038. [PMID: 34054823 PMCID: PMC8149797 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.659038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein inhibitors of activated STAT (PIAS) are involved in the regulation of the JAK/STAT signaling pathway and have interactions with NF-κB, p73 and p53. These proteins regulate immune responses; therefore dysregulation in their expression leads to several immune-mediated disorders. In the present study, we examined expression of PIAS1-4 in peripheral blood of patients with acute/chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (AIDP/CIDP) compared with healthy subjects. We demonstrated down-regulation of all PIAS genes in both AIDP and CIDP cases compared with controls. Similarly, comparisons in gender-based groups revealed down-regulation of these gene0s in patients of each gender compared with gender-matched controls. There was no significant difference in expression of PIAS genes between AIDP and CIDP cases. Based on the area under the receiver operating characteristic curves, PIAS1-4 genes could distinguish between inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy and healthy status with accuracy values of 0.87, 0.87, 0.79 and 0.80, respectively. In differentiation between AIDP cases and healthy controls, these values were 0.92, 0.92, 0.83 and 0.86, respectively. Finally, PIAS1-4 genes could discriminate CIDP from healthy status with accuracy values of 0.82, 0.83, 0.75 and 0.75, respectively. The current study underscores the role of PIAS genes in the pathogenesis of inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy and their potential usage as biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soudeh Ghafouri-Fard
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bashdar Mahmud Hussen
- Pharmacognosy Department, College of Pharmacy, Hawler Medical University, Erbil, Iraq
| | - Fwad Nicknafs
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Naghme Nazer
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arezou Sayad
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Taheri
- Skull Base Research Center, Loghman Hakim Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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11
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Huang J, Xu X, Yang J. miRNAs Alter T Helper 17 Cell Fate in the Pathogenesis of Autoimmune Diseases. Front Immunol 2021; 12:593473. [PMID: 33968012 PMCID: PMC8096907 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.593473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
T helper 17 (Th17) cells are characterized by the secretion of the IL-17 cytokine and are essential for the immune response against bacterial and fungal infections. Despite the beneficial roles of Th17 cells, unrestrained IL-17 production can contribute to immunopathology and inflammatory autoimmune diseases, including multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, and inflammatory bowel disease. Although these diverse outcomes are directed by the activation of Th17 cells, the regulation of Th17 cells is incompletely understood. The discovery that microRNAs (miRNAs) are involved in the regulation of Th17 cell differentiation and function has greatly improved our understanding of Th17 cells in immune response and disease. Here, we provide an overview of the biogenesis and function of miRNA and summarize the role of miRNAs in Th17 cell differentiation and function. Finally, we focus on recent advances in miRNA-mediated dysregulation of Th17 cell fate in autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junxia Huang
- Department of Dermatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinzhi Xu
- Department of Dermatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ji Yang
- Department of Dermatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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12
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Wang J, Zhang Y, Li H, Chen G, Zou Y, Rin K. Immune effects of miRNA and Th17 cells on β-Lg allergy in dietary milk based on mouse model. Saudi J Biol Sci 2020; 27:3442-3448. [PMID: 33304154 PMCID: PMC7715044 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2020.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
β-lactoglobulin (β-Lg) allergy in dietary milk seriously affects the use of high-quality milk protein in infants. In order to solve this problem, the expression of miRNA and Th17 cells in milk β-Lg allergic reaction of children's diet was studied. Method: female BALB/c mice aged 5–6 weeks were selected as the subjects and randomly divided into blank group and β-Lg sensitized group, with 10 mice in each group. On the 1st, 7th and 14th day, the mice in the β-Lg sensitized group were intraperitoneally injected with allergen (Freund's adjuvant + β-Lg). Mice in the blank group were given the same amount of normal saline. Blood samples were collected from the eyeballs of mice to determine the number of inflammatory cells. The contents of Th17 related cytokines and transcription factors in spleen were detected by RT-PCR. Results: 1. the number of eosinophils and neutrophils in the β-Lg sensitized group were 15.76/mL and 24.36/mL, respectively, which were significantly higher than those in the blank group (P < 0.05); 2. in the mice of β-Lg sensitized group, the expression of miR-146a and miR-155 was abnormal, the number of Th17 cells was abnormally increased, and the expression levels of IL-17 and RORγt were significantly increased; 3. the abnormal expression of miR-146a and miR-155 in the mice of β-Lg sensitized group was positively correlated with the secretion of Th17 related cytokines, which could be used as one of the biological indexes to evaluate allergic reaction. Conclusion: the number of Thl7 increased abnormally in dietary milk allergy patients. miRNA gene expression and IL-17 expression could be used as one of the biological indicators to evaluate the allergic reaction of β-Lg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China
| | - Hong Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China
| | - Guoqing Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China
| | - Yuqiong Zou
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China
| | - Kathe Rin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester 01609, United States
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13
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Shirani F, Baghi M, Rostamian Delavar M, Shoaraye Nejati A, Eshaghiyan A, Nasr‐Esfahani MH, Peymani M, Ghaedi K. Upregulation of miR-9 and miR-193b over human Th17 cell differentiation. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2020; 8:e1538. [PMID: 33128433 PMCID: PMC7767567 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.1538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Th17 cells are a newly discovered subset of CD4+ T cells known as key participants in various immune responses and inflammatory conditions including autoimmune diseases. Mi(cro)RNAs are a family of non-coding RNAs that regulate numerous critical immune functions. Immuno-miRNAs modulate cell biological processes in T cells, such as differentiation and function of Th17 cells. The aim of the present study is to investigate the expression of miR-9-5p, miR-193b-3p, and autoimmunity-related genes during human Th17 cells differentiation. METHODS Human naïve CD4+ T cells were purified from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) by magnetic cell sorting system (MACS) and their purity was checked by flow-cytometric analysis. Naïve CD4+ T cells were cultured under Th17-polarizing condition for 6 days. IL- 17 secretion was determined by means of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Next, the expression levels of miRNAs and putative targets genes were assessed by qRT-PCR at different time points of differentiation. RESULTS Our result showed dramatic downregulation of TCF7, MAP3K1, ENTPD1, and NT5E genes during human Th17 differentiation. Polarization also had a significant inducible effect on the expression of miR-9 and miR-193b over differentiation of human Th17 cells. According to our results, miR-9-5p and miR-193b-3p may contribute to Th17 differentiation probably by inhibiting the expression of negative regulators of Th17 differentiation. CONCLUSION This study confirmed deregulation of TCF7, MAP3K1, ENTPD1, and NT5E genes in Th17 differentiation process and introduced miR-9 and miR-193b as Th17 cell-associated miRNAs, making them good candidates for further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahimeh Shirani
- Department of Animal BiotechnologyCell Science Research CenterRoyan Institute for BiotechnologyACECRIsfahanIran
| | - Masoud Baghi
- Department of Animal BiotechnologyCell Science Research CenterRoyan Institute for BiotechnologyACECRIsfahanIran
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and MicrobiologyFaculty of Biological Science and TechnologyUniversity of IsfahanIsfahanIran
| | - Mahsa Rostamian Delavar
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and MicrobiologyFaculty of Biological Science and TechnologyUniversity of IsfahanIsfahanIran
| | - Alireza Shoaraye Nejati
- Department of Animal BiotechnologyCell Science Research CenterRoyan Institute for BiotechnologyACECRIsfahanIran
| | - Amir Eshaghiyan
- Department of GeneticsArsanjan BranchIslamic Azad UniversityArsanjan, ShirazIran
| | | | - Maryam Peymani
- Department of Animal BiotechnologyCell Science Research CenterRoyan Institute for BiotechnologyACECRIsfahanIran
- Department of BiologyFaculty of Basic SciencesShahrekord BranchIslamic Azad UniversityShahrekordIran
| | - Kamran Ghaedi
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and MicrobiologyFaculty of Biological Science and TechnologyUniversity of IsfahanIsfahanIran
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14
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miR-18a Contributes to Preeclampsia by Downregulating Smad2 (Full Length) and Reducing TGF-β Signaling. MOLECULAR THERAPY-NUCLEIC ACIDS 2020; 22:542-556. [PMID: 33230456 PMCID: PMC7566009 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2020.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The study investigated the regulation of Smad2 by miR-18a and its role in preeclampsia (PE). Bioinformatics analysis showed that both Smad2 and Smad3 were the predicted targets for miR-18a. Mass spectrum analysis showed that two mature Smad2 isoforms existed in human placenta: full length, Smad2(FL), and that lacking exon3, Smad2(Δexon3). The protein level of Smad2(FL), but not Smad2(Δexon3) or Smad3, was significantly increased in severe PE (sPE) placenta, which was inversely correlated with the level of miR-18a. Elevated Smad2(FL) phosphorylation level appeared in sPE placenta, and Smad2 was colocalized with miR-18a in various subtypes of trophoblasts in human placenta. Smad2(FL) was validated as the direct target of miR-18a in HTR8/SVneo cells. miR-18a enhanced trophoblast cell invasion, which was blocked by the overexpression of Smad2(FL). Furthermore, overexpression of miR-18a repressed Smad2 activation and the inhibition of trophoblast cell invasion by transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β). In conclusion, our results suggest that miR-18a inhibits the expression of Smad2(FL), but not Smad2(Δexon3) or Smad3, which can reduce TGF-β signaling, leading to the enhancement of trophoblast cell invasion. A lack of miR-18a, which results in the upregulation of Smad2(FL), contributes to the development of PE.
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15
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Marín-Ramos NI, Thein TZ, Ghaghada KB, Chen TC, Giannotta SL, Hofman FM. miR-18a Inhibits BMP4 and HIF-1α Normalizing Brain Arteriovenous Malformations. Circ Res 2020; 127:e210-e231. [PMID: 32755283 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.119.316317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Brain arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are abnormal tangles of vessels where arteries and veins directly connect without intervening capillary nets, increasing the risk of intracerebral hemorrhage and stroke. Current treatments are highly invasive and often not feasible. Thus, effective noninvasive treatments are needed. We previously showed that AVM-brain endothelial cells (BECs) secreted higher VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor) and lower TSP-1 (thrombospondin-1) levels than control BEC; and that microRNA-18a (miR-18a) normalized AVM-BEC function and phenotype, although its mechanism remained unclear. OBJECTIVE To elucidate the mechanism of action and potential clinical application of miR-18a as an effective noninvasive treatment to selectively restore the phenotype and functionality of AVM vasculature. METHODS AND RESULTS The molecular pathways affected by miR-18a in patient-derived BECs and AVM-BECs were determined by Western blot, RT-qPCR (quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction), ELISA, co-IP, immunostaining, knockdown and overexpression studies, flow cytometry, and luciferase reporter assays. miR-18a was shown to increase TSP-1 and decrease VEGF by reducing PAI-1 (plasminogen activator inhibitor-1/SERPINE1) levels. Furthermore, miR-18a decreased the expression of BMP4 (bone morphogenetic protein 4) and HIF-1α (hypoxia-inducible factor 1α), blocking the BMP4/ALK (activin-like kinase) 2/ALK1/ALK5 and Notch signaling pathways. As determined by Boyden chamber assays, miR-18a also reduced the abnormal AVM-BEC invasiveness, which correlated with a decrease in MMP2 (matrix metalloproteinase 2), MMP9, and ADAM10 (ADAM metallopeptidase domain 10) levels. In vivo pharmacokinetic studies showed that miR-18a reaches the brain following intravenous and intranasal administration. Intranasal co-delivery of miR-18a and NEO100, a good manufacturing practices-quality form of perillyl alcohol, improved the pharmacokinetic profile of miR-18a in the brain without affecting its pharmacological properties. Ultra-high-resolution computed tomography angiography and immunostaining studies in an Mgp-/- AVM mouse model showed that miR-18a decreased abnormal cerebral vasculature and restored the functionality of the bone marrow, lungs, spleen, and liver. CONCLUSIONS miR-18a may have significant clinical value in preventing, reducing, and potentially reversing AVM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagore I Marín-Ramos
- Departments of Neurosurgery (N.I.M.-R., T.Z.T., T.C.C., S.L.G.), Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles
| | - Thu Zan Thein
- Departments of Neurosurgery (N.I.M.-R., T.Z.T., T.C.C., S.L.G.), Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles
| | - Ketan B Ghaghada
- Department of Pediatric Radiology, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston (K.B.G.)
| | - Thomas C Chen
- Departments of Neurosurgery (N.I.M.-R., T.Z.T., T.C.C., S.L.G.), Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles.,Departments of Pathology (T.C.C., F.M.H.), Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles
| | - Steven L Giannotta
- Departments of Neurosurgery (N.I.M.-R., T.Z.T., T.C.C., S.L.G.), Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles
| | - Florence M Hofman
- Departments of Pathology (T.C.C., F.M.H.), Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles
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16
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Tan BWQ, Sim WL, Cheong JK, Kuan WS, Tran T, Lim HF. MicroRNAs in chronic airway diseases: Clinical correlation and translational applications. Pharmacol Res 2020; 160:105045. [PMID: 32590100 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short single-stranded RNAs that have pivotal roles in disease pathophysiology through transcriptional and translational modulation of important genes. It has been implicated in the development of many diseases, such as stroke, cardiovascular conditions, cancers and inflammatory airway diseases. There is recent evidence that miRNAs play important roles in the pathogenesis of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and could help to distinguish between T2-low (non-eosinophilic, steroid-insensitive) versus T2-high (eosinophilic, steroid-sensitive) disease endotypes. As these are the two most prevalent chronic respiratory diseases globally, with rising disease burden, miRNA research might lead to the development of new diagnostic and therapeutic targets. Research involving miRNAs in airway disease is challenging because: (i) asthma and COPD are heterogeneous inflammatory airway diseases; there are overlapping but distinct inter- and intra-disease differences in the immunological pathophysiology, (ii) there exists more than 2000 known miRNAs and a single miRNA can regulate multiple targets, (iii) differential effects of miRNAs could be present in different cellular subtypes and tissues, and (iv) dysregulated miRNA expression might be a direct consequence of an indirect effect of airway disease onset or progression. As miRNAs are actively secreted in fluids and remain relatively stable, they have the potential for biomarker development and therapeutic targets. In this review, we summarize the preclinical data on potential miRNA biomarkers that mediate different pathophysiological mechanisms in airway disease. We discuss the framework for biomarker development using miRNA and highlight the need for careful patient characterization and endotyping in the screening and validation cohorts, profiling both airway and blood samples to determine the biological fluids of choice in different disease states or severity, and adopting an untargeted approach. Collaboration between the various stakeholders - pharmaceutical companies, laboratory professionals and clinician-scientists is crucial to reduce the difficulties and cost required to bring miRNA research into the translational stage for airway diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryce W Q Tan
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wei Liang Sim
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jit Kong Cheong
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Win Sen Kuan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, National University Hospital, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Thai Tran
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hui Fang Lim
- Division of Respiratory & Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, National University Health System, Singapore; Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
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17
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Ehtesham N, Mosallaei M, Karimzadeh MR, Moradikazerouni H, Sharifi M. microRNAs: key modulators of disease-modifying therapies in multiple sclerosis. Int Rev Immunol 2020; 39:264-279. [PMID: 32552273 DOI: 10.1080/08830185.2020.1779712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
There is a high level of heterogeneity in symptom manifestations and response to disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) in multiple sclerosis (MS), an immune-based neurodegenerative disease with ever-increasing prevalence in recent decades. Because of unknown aspects of the etiopathology of MS and mechanism of action of DMTs, the reason for this variability is undetermined, and much remains to be understood. Traditionally, physicians consider switching to other DMTs based on the exacerbation of symptoms and/or change in the results of magnetic resonance imaging and biochemical factors. Therefore, identifying biological treatment response markers that help us recognizing non-responders rapidly and subsequently choosing another DMTs is necessary. microRNAs (miRNAs) are micromanagers of gene expression which have been profiled in different samples of MS patients, highlighting their role in pathogenetic of MS. Recent studies have investigated expression profiling of miRNAs after treatment with DMTs to clarify possible DMTs-mediated mechanism and obtaining response to therapy biomarkers. In this review, we will discuss the modulation of miRNAs by DMTs in cells and pathways involved in MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naeim Ehtesham
- Student Research Committee, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Meysam Mosallaei
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | | | | | - Mohammadreza Sharifi
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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18
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Matthias J, Maul J, Noster R, Meinl H, Chao YY, Gerstenberg H, Jeschke F, Gasparoni G, Welle A, Walter J, Nordström K, Eberhardt K, Renisch D, Donakonda S, Knolle P, Soll D, Grabbe S, Garzorz-Stark N, Eyerich K, Biedermann T, Baumjohann D, Zielinski CE. Sodium chloride is an ionic checkpoint for human T H2 cells and shapes the atopic skin microenvironment. Sci Transl Med 2020; 11:11/480/eaau0683. [PMID: 30787167 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aau0683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2018] [Revised: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of allergic diseases has increased over the past 50 years, likely due to environmental factors. However, the nature of these factors and the mode of action by which they induce the type 2 immune deviation characteristic of atopic diseases remain unclear. It has previously been reported that dietary sodium chloride promotes the polarization of T helper 17 (TH17) cells with implications for autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis. Here, we demonstrate that sodium chloride also potently promotes TH2 cell responses on multiple regulatory levels. Sodium chloride enhanced interleukin-4 (IL-4) and IL-13 production while suppressing interferon-γ (IFN-γ) production in memory T cells. It diverted alternative T cell fates into the TH2 cell phenotype and also induced de novo TH2 cell polarization from naïve T cell precursors. Mechanistically, sodium chloride exerted its effects via the osmosensitive transcription factor NFAT5 and the kinase SGK-1, which regulated TH2 signature cytokines and master transcription factors in hyperosmolar salt conditions. The skin of patients suffering from atopic dermatitis contained elevated sodium compared to nonlesional atopic and healthy skin. These results suggest that sodium chloride represents a so far overlooked cutaneous microenvironmental checkpoint in atopic dermatitis that can induce TH2 cell responses, the orchestrators of atopic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Matthias
- Institute of Virology, Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research, Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany.,Department of Dermatology, Unit Cellular Immunoregulation, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Julia Maul
- Institute for Immunology, Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Rebecca Noster
- Department of Dermatology, Unit Cellular Immunoregulation, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Hanna Meinl
- Institute of Virology, Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research, Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany.,TranslaTUM, Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Ying-Yin Chao
- Institute of Virology, Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research, Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany.,TranslaTUM, Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | | | - Florian Jeschke
- ZWE FRM II, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Gilles Gasparoni
- Department of Genetics, University of Saarland, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Anna Welle
- Department of Genetics, University of Saarland, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Jörn Walter
- Department of Genetics, University of Saarland, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Karl Nordström
- Department of Genetics, University of Saarland, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Klaus Eberhardt
- Institute for Nuclear Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz and Helmholtz Institute Mainz, 55252 Mainz, Germany
| | - Dennis Renisch
- Institute for Nuclear Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz and Helmholtz Institute Mainz, 55252 Mainz, Germany
| | - Sainitin Donakonda
- German Center for Infection Research, Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany.,Institute of Molecular Immunology and Experimental Oncology, Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Percy Knolle
- German Center for Infection Research, Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany.,Institute of Molecular Immunology and Experimental Oncology, Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Dominik Soll
- Institute of Virology, Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research, Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Stephan Grabbe
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Natalie Garzorz-Stark
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Technical University of Munich; Clinical Unit Allergology (EKA), Helmholtz Zentrum München; German Research Centre for Environmental Health GmbH, 80802 Munich, Germany
| | - Kilian Eyerich
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Technical University of Munich; Clinical Unit Allergology (EKA), Helmholtz Zentrum München; German Research Centre for Environmental Health GmbH, 80802 Munich, Germany
| | - Tilo Biedermann
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Technical University of Munich; Clinical Unit Allergology (EKA), Helmholtz Zentrum München; German Research Centre for Environmental Health GmbH, 80802 Munich, Germany
| | - Dirk Baumjohann
- Institute for Immunology, Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Christina E Zielinski
- Institute of Virology, Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany. .,German Center for Infection Research, Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany.,Department of Dermatology, Unit Cellular Immunoregulation, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany.,TranslaTUM, Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany
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19
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Liu J, Liu J, Xiao L, Wang Y, Liu G, Li J, Liang F. Identification of Differentially Expressed miRNAs in the Response of Spleen CD4 + T Cells to Electroacupuncture in Senescence-Accelerated Mice. Cell Biochem Biophys 2020; 78:89-100. [PMID: 32026263 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-020-00900-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Immunological aging impairs immune system protection in the body and is associated with high morbidity and mortality in aged people. Electroacupuncture (EA) has been proven to boost immunity. The purpose of this study was to identify the effect of EA on miRNA expression in the immune system of senescence-accelerated mouse P8 (SAMP8) mice. We utilized SAMP8 mice as an aging model and detected the altered expression of miRNAs in CD4+ T cells after EA stimulation by deep sequencing. Differentially expressed miRNAs in different groups were identified using Venn diagrams and functional analysis was performed. The effect of EA on the expression of the identified miRNAs was investigated in natural-aged C57BL/6J mice and the biological functions of miR-301a-3p and miR-181a-1-3p in CD4+ T cells were identified. Four upregulated and two downregulated miRNAs were identified in group I (EA-SAMP8 vs. shEA-SAMP8); 41 upregulated and nine downregulated miRNAs were identified in group II (EA-SAMP8 vs. SAMP8); 42 upregulated and eight downregulated miRNAs were identified in group III (shEA-SAMP8 vs. SAMP8). The three groups shared four overlapping differentially expressed miRNAs, and 10 miRNAs were only found in group II. Gene Ontology enrichment analysis of these 14 miRNAs revealed that their target genes were enriched in 229 "biological process" categories. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis showed that the targets were significantly mapped in 76 pathways. Furthermore, five significant pathways were involved in T cell differentiation. MiRNA-gene-net showed that miR-582-5p, miR-17-5p, miR-144-3p, miR-451a, and miR-301a-3p regulated the most important target genes in these pathways. The expression of these miRNAs was also regulated by EA in aged C57BL/6J mice. In addition, miR-301a-3p was involved in regulating the expression of inflammatory factors by mediating the differentiation of CD4+ T cells in C57BL/6J mice. Analysis of miRNAs indicated that EA contributes to maintaining the balance of CD4+ T cell differentiation in the aging immune system. These results provide novel insights into the effect of EA in immunological aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianmin Liu
- College of Acu-moxibustion and Orthopedics, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China. .,Hubei Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center of Preventive Treatment by Acupuncture & Moxibustion, Wuhan, China.
| | - Jing Liu
- College of Acu-moxibustion and Orthopedics, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Ling Xiao
- Hubei Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center of Preventive Treatment by Acupuncture & Moxibustion, Wuhan, China.,School of Laboratory Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Yawen Wang
- College of Acu-moxibustion and Orthopedics, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Guangya Liu
- College of Acu-moxibustion and Orthopedics, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Jia Li
- College of Acu-moxibustion and Orthopedics, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center of Preventive Treatment by Acupuncture & Moxibustion, Wuhan, China
| | - Fengxia Liang
- College of Acu-moxibustion and Orthopedics, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center of Preventive Treatment by Acupuncture & Moxibustion, Wuhan, China
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20
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Sohan Forooshan Moghadam A, Ataei M, Arabzadeh G, Falahati K, Roshani F, Sanati MH. Analysis of MicroRNA-18a Expression in Multiple Sclerosis Patients. Rep Biochem Mol Biol 2020; 8:429-437. [PMID: 32582802 PMCID: PMC7275836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In multiple sclerosis (MS), the immune system acts against myelin lesions of the central nervous system, destroying neuronal fibers resulting in signal transmission disturbances in the nervous system. MicroRNAs play important roles in the post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression and in the regulation of disease activity and its response to treatment. The goal of this study was to determine the role of miR-18a-5p by comparing its expression in MS patients and healthy subjects. METHODS RNA was isolated from blood samples of 32 MS patients and 32 healthy individuals, and miR-18a-5p expression was determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction (real-time PCR). RESULTS miR-18a-5p expression was significantly less in MS patients than in healthy subjects. CONCLUSION The reduction of miR-18a-5p expression may be via pathway signaling. Altered signaling plays an important role in MS pathogenesis and the miR-18a-5p expression profile in blood cells can be described as a prognostic biomarker and identifier of high-risk individuals in MS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mitra Ataei
- Medical Genetic Department, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Ghazaleh Arabzadeh
- Department of Biology, Nourdanesh Institute of Higher Education, Meymeh, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Kowsar Falahati
- Medical Genetic Department, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Fatemeh Roshani
- Department of Biology, Nourdanesh Institute of Higher Education, Meymeh, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Hossein Sanati
- Medical Genetic Department, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran.
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21
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Wang C, Tang X, Wang J, Xu Y. Patterns of immune infiltration in lung adenocarcinoma revealed a prognosis-associated microRNA-mast cells network. Hum Cell 2019; 33:205-219. [PMID: 31863291 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-019-00300-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Immune infiltration of tumor microenvironment is an important determinant for immune response and outcomes. To investigate the diversity and clinical relevance of immune infiltration in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD), we performed a comprehensive analysis using the bulk tumor transcriptomes. The prognosis significance for immune infiltration was systematically evaluated and sufficient immune infiltration was associated with better outcomes. Resting mast cells emerged as the most strongly associated with better overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS), whereas the activated mast cells were correlated with adverse survival. Immune infiltration-based classification exhibited clinical relevance and provided a close link between cancer cell-intrinsic genetic events and immune landscape. The immune infiltration-miRNA functional network analysis showed that the resting mast cell-associated miRNAs are mainly involved in the enrichment of development, mRNA metabolic process, myeloid cell differentiation, Wnt, calcium modulating, interferon, p53 pathways. Additionally, we found one promoter (miR-30a) and one suppressor (miR-550a) of resting mast cells. Coupling the detailed analyses of the cellular immune infiltration and the implicated modulation role of miRNAs provides novel type of candidates for LUAD immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunlin Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jingzhou Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Jingzhou, 434000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi Tang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jingzhou Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Jingzhou, 434000, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaojian Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jingzhou Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Jingzhou, 434000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanhua Xu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jingzhou Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Jingzhou, 434000, People's Republic of China.
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22
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Liu Y, Liu Q, Li Z, Acharya A, Chen D, Chen Z, Mattheos N, Chen Z, Huang B. Long non-coding RNA and mRNA expression profiles in peri-implantitis vs periodontitis. J Periodontal Res 2019; 55:342-353. [PMID: 31853997 DOI: 10.1111/jre.12718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Revised: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Peri-implantitis is a biofilm-mediated infectious disease that results in progressive loss of implant-supporting bone. As compared to its analogue periodontitis, peri-implantitis is generally known to be more aggressive, with comparatively rapid progression and less predictable treatment outcomes, especially when advanced. An understanding of molecular mechanisms underpinning the similarities and differences between peri-implantitis and periodontitis is essential to develop novel management strategies. This study aimed to compare long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and messenger RNA (mRNA) expression profiles between peri-implantitis and periodontitis. METHODS Inflamed soft tissue from peri-implantitis and periodontitis lesions, and healthy gingival tissue controls were analyzed by microarray. Cluster graphs, gene ontology (GO) analysis, and pathway analysis were performed. Quantitative real-time PCR was employed to verify microarray results. The expression levels of RANKL and OPG in the three tissue types were also evaluated, using qRT-PCR. Coding non-coding (CNC) network analyses were performed. RESULTS Microarray analyses revealed 1079 lncRNAs and 1003 mRNAs as differentially expressed in peri-implantitis when compared to periodontitis. The cyclooxygenase-2 pathway was the most up-regulated biological process in peri-implantitis as compared to periodontitis, whereas hemidesmosome assembly was the most down-regulated pathway. Osteoclast differentiation was relatively up-regulated, and RANKL/OPG ratio was higher in peri-implantitis than in periodontitis. CONCLUSIONS The study demonstrated that peri-implantitis and periodontitis exhibit significantly different lncRNA and mRNA expression profiles, suggesting that osteoclast differentiation-related pathways are comparatively more active in peri-implantitis. These data highlight potential molecular targets for periodontitis and peri-implantitis therapy development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yudong Liu
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qifan Liu
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhipeng Li
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Aneesha Acharya
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Department of Periodontology, Dr D Y Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune, India
| | - Danying Chen
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zetao Chen
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Nikos Mattheos
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhuofan Chen
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Baoxin Huang
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China
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23
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Kong D, He M, Yang L, Zhou R, Yan YQ, Liang Y, Teng CB. MiR-17 and miR-19 cooperatively promote skeletal muscle cell differentiation. Cell Mol Life Sci 2019; 76:5041-5054. [PMID: 31214725 PMCID: PMC6881278 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03165-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Revised: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal myogenesis is a highly coordinated process that involves cell proliferation, differentiation and fusion controlled by a complex gene regulatory network. The microRNA gene cluster miR-17–92 has been shown to be related to this process; however, the exact role of each cluster member remains unclear. Here, we show that miR-17 and miR-20a could effectively promote the differentiation of both C2C12 myoblasts and primary bovine satellite cells. In contrast, miR-18a might play a negative role in C2C12 cell differentiation, while miR-19 and miR-92a had little influence. Transcriptome and target analyses revealed that miR-17 could act on Ccnd2, Jak1 and Rhoc genes that are critical for cell proliferation and/or fusion. Notably, the addition of miR-19 could reverse the lethal effect of miR-17 and could thus facilitate the maturation of myotubes. Furthermore, by co-injecting the lentiviral shRNAs of miR-17 and miR-19 into mouse tibialis anterior muscles, we demonstrated the wound healing abilities of the two miRNAs. Our findings indicate that in combination with miR-19, miR-17 is a potent inducer of skeletal muscle differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delin Kong
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Mei He
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Lin Yang
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Rongtao Zhou
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Yun-Qin Yan
- The Laboratory of Cell and Developmental Biology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Yang Liang
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China.
| | - Chun-Bo Teng
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China.
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24
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Maul J, Alterauge D, Baumjohann D. Micro
RNA
‐mediated regulation of T follicular helper and T follicular regulatory cell identity. Immunol Rev 2019; 288:97-111. [DOI: 10.1111/imr.12735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Maul
- Institute for ImmunologyBiomedical CenterLudwig‐Maximilians‐Universität München Planegg‐Martinsried Germany
| | - Dominik Alterauge
- Institute for ImmunologyBiomedical CenterLudwig‐Maximilians‐Universität München Planegg‐Martinsried Germany
| | - Dirk Baumjohann
- Institute for ImmunologyBiomedical CenterLudwig‐Maximilians‐Universität München Planegg‐Martinsried Germany
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25
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Garavelli S, De Rosa V, de Candia P. The Multifaceted Interface Between Cytokines and microRNAs: An Ancient Mechanism to Regulate the Good and the Bad of Inflammation. Front Immunol 2018; 9:3012. [PMID: 30622533 PMCID: PMC6308157 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.03012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are evolutionary conserved small non-coding RNA molecules that affect gene expression by binding to target messenger RNAs and play a role in biological processes like cell growth, differentiation, and death. Different CD4+ T cell subsets such as Th1, Th2, Th17, and T regulatory cells, exert a distinct role in effector and regulatory-type immune responses. miRNAs have been shown to respond to dynamic micro-environmental cues and regulate multiple functions of T cell subsets including their development, survival and activation. Thus, miRNA functions contribute to immune homeostasis, on the one side, and to the control of immune tolerance, on the other. Among the most important proteins whose expression is targeted by miRNAs, there are the cytokines, that act as both key upstream signals and major functional outputs, and that, in turn, can affect miRNA level. Here, we analyze what is known about the regulatory circuit of miRNAs and cytokines in CD4+ T lymphocytes, and how this bidirectional system is dysregulated in conditions of pathological inflammation and autoimmunity. Furthermore, we describe how different T cell subsets release distinct fingerprints of miRNAs that modify the extracellular milieu and the inter-cellular communication between immune cells at the autocrine, paracrine, and endocrine level. In conclusion, a deeper knowledge of the interplay between miRNAs and cytokines in T cells may have pivotal implications for finding novel therapeutic strategies to target inflammation and autoimmune disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Veronica De Rosa
- Laboratorio di Immunologia, Istituto di Endocrinologia e Oncologia Sperimentale, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IEOS-CNR), Naples, Italy.,Unità di NeuroImmunologia, Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
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26
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Moein S, Vaghari-Tabari M, Qujeq D, Majidinia M, Nabavi SM, Yousefi B. MiRNAs and inflammatory bowel disease: An interesting new story. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:3277-3293. [PMID: 30417350 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), as a chronic and recurrent inflammatory disorder, is caused by a dysregulated and aberrant immune response to exposed environmental factors in genetically susceptible individuals. Despite huge efforts in determining the molecular pathogenesis of IBD, an increasing worldwide incidence of IBD has been reported. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a set of noncoding RNA molecules that are about 22 nucleotides long, and these molecules are involved in the regulation of the gene expression. By clarifying the important role of miRNAs in a number of diseases, their role was also considered in IBD; numerous studies have been performed on this topic. In this review, we attempt to summarize a number of studies and discuss some of the recent developments in the roles of miRNAs in the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment of IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soheila Moein
- Medicinal Plants Processing Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Mostafa Vaghari-Tabari
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran.,Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Durdi Qujeq
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center (CMBRC), Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Irantab.,Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Maryam Majidinia
- Solid Tumor Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Seyed Mohammad Nabavi
- Applied Biotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bahman Yousefi
- Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Molecular Medicine Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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27
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Chen Z, Chen S, Liu J. The role of T cells in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease. Prog Neurobiol 2018; 169:1-23. [PMID: 30114440 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2018.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Revised: 06/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Recent evidence has shown that neuroinflammation plays a key role in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD). However, different components of the brain's immune system may exert diverse effects on neuroinflammatory events in PD. The adaptive immune response, especially the T cell response, can trigger type 1 pro-inflammatory activities and suppress type 2 anti-inflammatory activities, eventually resulting in deregulated neuroinflammation and subsequent dopaminergic neurodegeneration. Additionally, studies have increasingly shown that therapies targeting T cells can alleviate neurodegeneration and motor behavior impairment in animal models of PD. Therefore, we conclude that abnormal T cell-mediated immunity is a fundamental pathological process that may be a promising translational therapeutic target for Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhichun Chen
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated with the Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Shengdi Chen
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated with the Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated with the Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China.
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28
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Baumjohann D, Heissmeyer V. Posttranscriptional Gene Regulation of T Follicular Helper Cells by RNA-Binding Proteins and microRNAs. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1794. [PMID: 30108596 PMCID: PMC6079247 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
T follicular helper (Tfh) cells are critically involved in the establishment of potent antibody responses against infectious pathogens, such as viruses and bacteria, but their dysregulation may also result in aberrant antibody responses that frequently coincide with autoimmune diseases or allergies. The fate and identity of Tfh cells is tightly controlled by gene regulation on the transcriptional and posttranscriptional level. Here, we provide deeper insights into the posttranscriptional mechanisms that regulate Tfh cell differentiation, function, and plasticity through the actions of RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) and small endogenously expressed regulatory RNAs called microRNAs (miRNAs). The Roquin family of RBPs has been shown to dampen spontaneous activation and differentiation of naïve CD4+ T cells into Tfh cells, since CD4+ T cells with Roquin mutations accumulate as Tfh cells and provide inappropriate B cell help in the production of autoantibodies. Moreover, Regnase-1, an endoribonuclease that regulates a set of targets, which strongly overlaps with that of Roquin, is crucial for the prevention of autoantibody production. Interestingly, both Roquin and Regnase-1 proteins are cleaved and inactivated after TCR stimulation by the paracaspase MALT1. miRNAs are expressed in naïve CD4+ T cells and help preventing spontaneous differentiation into effector cells. While most miRNAs are downregulated upon T cell activation, several miRNAs have been shown to regulate the fate of these cells by either promoting (e.g., miR-17-92 and miR-155) or inhibiting (e.g., miR-146a) Tfh cell differentiation. Together, these different aspects highlight a complex and dynamic regulatory network of posttranscriptional gene regulation in Tfh cells that may also be active in other T helper cell populations, including Th1, Th2, Th17, and Treg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dirk Baumjohann
- Institute for Immunology, Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Vigo Heissmeyer
- Institute for Immunology, Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany.,Research Unit Molecular Immune Regulation, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
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29
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Xu X, Li Y, Liang Y, Yin M, Yu Z, Zhang Y, Huang L, Ni J. MiR-18a and miR-17 are positively correlated with circulating PD-1 +ICOS + follicular helper T cells after hepatitis B vaccination in a chinese population. BMC Immunol 2018; 19:25. [PMID: 30055570 PMCID: PMC6064088 DOI: 10.1186/s12865-018-0263-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background While vaccination remains the most effective method to control hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, 5–10% of recipients exhibit non-responsiveness to the HB vaccine. Immunological analysis of strong, weak or absent protective antibody responses to the HB vaccine should provide insights into the mechanisms that contribute to non-responsiveness. Results We investigated the potential involvement of follicular helper T (Tfh) cells in the immune response to HB vaccine, and associations between the miR-17–92 cluster and Tfh cells. We recruited 12 adults who had completed the HB vaccination course during childhood. Following a booster dose of HB vaccine, hepatitis B surface antibody (HBsAb) titers, percentage of PD-1+ICOS+ circulating Tfh (cTfh) and plasma cells, and expression of miR-17–92 were assessed at baseline (before immunization) and after vaccination on days 7 and 14. Notably, the HBsAb level gradually increased after HB vaccination while the proportion of PD-1+ICOS+ cTfh cells was significantly increased on day 7 relative to baseline, so as plasma cells. Expression of miR-18a and miR-17 within the miR-17–92 cluster and HBsAb titers in CD4+ T cells were positively correlated with the PD-1+ICOS+ cTfh cells proportions after HB vaccination. Conclusions The increase in HBsAb titers was positively associated with expression of all the components of the miR-17–92 cluster except miR-19a. Our findings indicate that the miR-17–92 cluster contributes to antibody production, and miR-18a and miR-17 are involved in Tfh cells differentiation after HB vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojia Xu
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, China
| | - Yulian Li
- Dalang Community Health Service Centers, Dongguan, 523770, China
| | - Yaping Liang
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, China
| | - Mingjuan Yin
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, China
| | - Zuwei Yu
- Dalang Community Health Service Centers, Dongguan, 523770, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, China
| | - Lingfeng Huang
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, China
| | - Jindong Ni
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, China.
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30
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Tong WW, Tong GH, Liu Y. Cancer stem cells and hypoxia-inducible factors (Review). Int J Oncol 2018; 53:469-476. [PMID: 29845228 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2018.4417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs), also known as tumor-initiating cells, are a subpopulation of tumor cells that exhibit properties similar to those of normal stem cells. Oxygen is an important regulator of cellular metabolism; hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) mediate metabolic switches in cells in hypoxic environments. Hypoxia clearly has the potential to exert a significant effect on the maintenance and evolution of CSCs. Both HIF‑1α and HIF‑2α may contribute to the regulation of cellular adaptation to hypoxia and resistance to cancer therapies. This review provides an overview of the roles of HIFs in CSCs. HIF‑1α and HIF‑2α have significant prognostic and predictive value in the clinic and the concept of personalized medicine should be applied in designing clinical trials for HIF inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Wei Tong
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shengjing Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China
| | - Guang-Hui Tong
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shengjing Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China
| | - Yong Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shengjing Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China
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Hoefig KP, Heissmeyer V. Posttranscriptional regulation of T helper cell fate decisions. J Cell Biol 2018; 217:2615-2631. [PMID: 29685903 PMCID: PMC6080923 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201708075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Revised: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Hoefig and Heissmeyer review how microRNAs, long noncoding RNAs, RNA-binding proteins, and ubiquitin-modifying enzymes regulate T helper cell differentiation downstream of transcription. T helper cell subsets orchestrate context- and pathogen-specific responses of the immune system. They mostly do so by secreting specific cytokines that attract or induce activation and differentiation of other immune or nonimmune cells. The differentiation of T helper 1 (Th1), Th2, T follicular helper, Th17, and induced regulatory T cell subsets from naive T cells depends on the activation of intracellular signal transduction cascades. These cascades originate from T cell receptor and costimulatory receptor engagement and also receive critical input from cytokine receptors that sample the cytokine milieu within secondary lymphoid organs. Signal transduction then leads to the expression of subset-specifying transcription factors that, in concert with other transcription factors, up-regulate downstream signature genes. Although regulation of transcription is important, recent research has shown that posttranscriptional and posttranslational regulation can critically shape or even determine the outcome of Th cell differentiation. In this review, we describe how specific microRNAs, long noncoding RNAs, RNA-binding proteins, and ubiquitin-modifying enzymes regulate their targets to skew cell fate decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai P Hoefig
- Research Unit Molecular Immune Regulation, Helmholtz Zentrum München, München, Germany
| | - Vigo Heissmeyer
- Research Unit Molecular Immune Regulation, Helmholtz Zentrum München, München, Germany .,Institute for Immunology at the Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
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Inácio DP, Amado T, Silva-Santos B, Gomes AQ. Control of T cell effector functions by miRNAs. Cancer Lett 2018; 427:63-73. [PMID: 29679611 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2018.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Revised: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The differentiation of effector T cells is a tightly regulated process that relies on the selective expression of lineage-defining master regulators that orchestrate unique transcriptional programs, including the production of distinct sets of effector cytokines. miRNAs are post-transcriptional regulators that are now viewed as critical players in these gene expression networks and help defining cell identity and function. This review summarises the role of individual miRNAs in the regulation of the differentiation of effector T cell subsets, including CD4+ T helper cells, cytotoxic CD8+ T cells and innate-like NKT cells. Moreover, we refer to miRNAs that have been identified to affect simultaneously two or more effector T cell populations, impacting on the balance between effector T cells in vivo, thus constituting potential biomarkers or targets for therapies aiming at boosting immunity or controlling autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel P Inácio
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Tiago Amado
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Bruno Silva-Santos
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Anita Q Gomes
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028, Lisboa, Portugal; Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde de Lisboa, 1990-096, Lisboa, Portugal.
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Diverse functions of miR-17-92 cluster microRNAs in T helper cells. Cancer Lett 2018; 423:147-152. [PMID: 29499238 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2018.02.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Revised: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
T helper (Th) cells are critically involved in adaptive immune responses against various pathogens. In contrast, dysregulated T helper cell responses are associated with a variety of diseases, including autoimmunity, allergies, and cancer. Differentiation of naïve CD4+ T cells into effector T helper cell subsets, including Th1, Th2, Th17, Treg, and T follicular helper (Tfh), requires precise dosing of signaling molecules and transcription factors. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), which are small endogenously expressed RNAs that regulate gene expression, play important roles in these processes. The miR-17-92 cluster, a miRNA polycistron also known as oncomiR-1, has emerged as a central integrator of gene expression events that govern T helper cell differentiation pathways. The complexity of miR-17-92-mediated gene regulation lies in the nature of this miRNA cluster, which consists of six different miRNAs. Individual miR-17-92 miRNAs, albeit initially transcribed as one transcript, can have cooperative or opposing effects on biological processes. Therefore, a better understanding of the molecular regulation of miR-17-92 and its downstream networks will provide important insights into T helper cell differentiation and diversity that may be harnessed for the design of advanced T cell-targeting therapies.
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