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Abstract
The imbalance between energy intake and expenditure in an environment of continuous food availability can lead to metabolic disturbances in the body and increase the risk of obesity and a range of chronic noncommunicable diseases. Intermittent fasting (IF) is one of the most popular nonpharmacological interventions to combat obesity and chronic noncommunicable diseases. The 3 most widely studied IF regimens are alternate-day fasting, time-restricted feeding, and the 5:2 diet. In rodents, IF helps optimize energy metabolism, prevent obesity, promote brain health, improve immune and reproductive function, and delay aging. In humans, IF's benefits are relevant for the aging global population and for increasing human life expectancy. However, the optimal model of IF remains unclear. In this review, the possible mechanisms of IF are summarized and its possible drawbacks are discussed on the basis of the results of existing research, which provide a new idea for nonpharmaceutical dietary intervention of chronic noncommunicable diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zimei Li
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Liansu Huang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Yuheng Luo
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Bing Yu
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Gang Tian
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P. R. China
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2
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Fang G, Wang S, Chen Q, Luo H, Lian X, Shi D. Time-restricted feeding affects the fecal microbiome metabolome and its diurnal oscillations in lung cancer mice. Neoplasia 2023; 45:100943. [PMID: 37852131 PMCID: PMC10590998 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2023.100943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
The homeostasis of the gut microbiota and circadian rhythm is critical to host health, and both are inextricably intertwined with lung cancer. Although time-restricted feeding (TRF) can maintain circadian synchronization and improve metabolic disorders, the effects of TRF on the fecal microbiome, metabolome and their diurnal oscillations in lung cancer have not been discussed. We performed 16S rRNA sequencing and untargeted metabonomic sequencing of the feces prepared from models of tumor-bearing BALB/c nude mice and urethane-induced lung cancer. We demonstrated for the first time that TRF significantly delayed the growth of lung tumors. Moreover, TRF altered the abundances of the fecal microbiome, metabolome and circadian clocks, as well as their rhythmicity, in lung cancer models of tumor-bearing BALB/c nude mice and/or urethane-induced lung cancer C57BL/6J mice. The results of fecal microbiota transplantation proved that the antitumor effects of TRF occur by regulating the fecal microbiota. Notably, Lactobacillus and Bacillus were increased upon TRF and were correlated with most differential metabolites. Pathway enrichment analysis of metabolites revealed that TRF mainly affected immune and inflammatory processes, which might further explain how TRF exerted its anticancer benefits. These findings underscore the possibility that the fecal microbiome/metabolome regulates lung cancer following a TRF paradigm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaofeng Fang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China; Center for Lipid Research, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China
| | - Shengquan Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China; Center for Lipid Research, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China
| | - Qianyao Chen
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China; Center for Lipid Research, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China
| | - Han Luo
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China; Center for Lipid Research, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China
| | - Xuemei Lian
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China; Center for Lipid Research, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China.
| | - Dan Shi
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China; Center for Lipid Research, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China.
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Günbatar N, Bulduk B, Bezgin S, Oto G, Bayıroğlu F, Bulduk M. The Effect of Moderate-Intensity Physical Exercise on Some Serum Inflammation Markers and the Immune System in Rats Fed Intermittent Fasting with a High-Fat Diet. Medicina (Kaunas) 2023; 59:1687. [PMID: 37763806 PMCID: PMC10537032 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59091687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the impact of moderate-intensity physical exercise on serum inflammation markers and the immune system in rats that were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) with intermittent fasting. Materials and Methods: A total of 48 Wistar albino male rats were included in the study and divided into eight groups, each consisting of six rats. Group 1 served as the control group (CG), receiving a standard diet. Group 2 followed the standard nutrition program with intermittent fasting (CG + IF). Group 3 underwent exercise with a standard diet (CG + E). Group 4 underwent both a standard diet with intermittent fasting and exercise (CG + IF + E). Group 5 was fed a high-fat diet (HFD). Group 6 received a high-fat diet with intermittent fasting (HFD + IF). Group 7 followed a high-fat diet with exercise (HFD + E). Group 8 underwent both a high-fat diet with intermittent fasting and exercise (HFD + IF + E). The study lasted for 8 weeks. Results: The results of the analysis show that lymphocyte cell levels in groups HFD + IF, HFD + IF, and HFD + IF + E were higher compared to groups CG-HFD (p < 0.05). Additionally, B lymphocyte and monocyte cell levels were higher in group HFD + IF + E compared to groups CG, CG + IF, and CG + IF + E, as well as CG, CG + IF, and CG + E, respectively. TNF-α levels were significantly higher in group HFD compared to the other groups. Furthermore, IL 10 levels were higher in group HFD + IF + E compared to the other groups. Conclusions: These findings indicate that moderate exercise and intermittent fasting, particularly in groups fed a high-fat diet, increased anti-inflammatory cytokine levels, and certain immune system cell counts, while decreasing pro-inflammatory cytokine levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nizamettin Günbatar
- Van School of Health, Van YuzuncuYıl University, 65090 Van, Turkey; (B.B.); (S.B.); (M.B.)
| | - Bahattin Bulduk
- Van School of Health, Van YuzuncuYıl University, 65090 Van, Turkey; (B.B.); (S.B.); (M.B.)
| | - Selver Bezgin
- Van School of Health, Van YuzuncuYıl University, 65090 Van, Turkey; (B.B.); (S.B.); (M.B.)
| | - Gökhan Oto
- Department of Pharmacology, Van YuzuncuYıl University, 65090 Van, Turkey;
| | - Fahri Bayıroğlu
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Yıldırım Beyazıt University, 06200 Ankara, Turkey;
| | - Mehmet Bulduk
- Van School of Health, Van YuzuncuYıl University, 65090 Van, Turkey; (B.B.); (S.B.); (M.B.)
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Huang J, Wang Q, Zhang K, He S, Liu Z, Li M, Liu M, Guo Y, Wu Z. Optimizing Feeding Strategies for Growing Rabbits: Impact of Timing and Amount on Health and Circadian Rhythms. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2742. [PMID: 37685006 PMCID: PMC10487096 DOI: 10.3390/ani13172742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Mammals exhibit circadian rhythms in their behavior and physiological activities to adapt to the diurnal changes of the environment. Improper feeding methods can disrupt the natural habits of animals and harm animal health. This study investigated the effects of feeding amount and feeding time on growing rabbits in northern China during spring. A total of 432 healthy 35-day-old weaned rabbits with similar body weight were randomly assigned to four groups: whole day diet-unrestricted feeding (WUF), whole day diet-restricted feeding (WRF), nighttime diet-unrestricted feeding (NUF), and nighttime diet-restricted feeding (NRF). The results showed that nighttime diet-unrestricted feeding improved performance, circadian rhythm of behavior, and body temperature, while reducing the risk of diarrhea and death. WRF group increased daytime body temperature but had no significant difference in feed conversion rate. The study suggests that nighttime diet-unrestricted feeding in spring can improve the growth and welfare of rabbits in northern China. Our study underscores the pivotal role of feeding timing in enhancing animal health. Future investigations should delve into the underlying mechanisms and expand the application of this strategy across seasons and regions to improve rabbit husbandry practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (J.H.); (Q.W.); (K.Z.); (S.H.); (Z.L.)
| | - Qiangjun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (J.H.); (Q.W.); (K.Z.); (S.H.); (Z.L.)
| | - Kehao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (J.H.); (Q.W.); (K.Z.); (S.H.); (Z.L.)
| | - Shuai He
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (J.H.); (Q.W.); (K.Z.); (S.H.); (Z.L.)
| | - Zhongying Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (J.H.); (Q.W.); (K.Z.); (S.H.); (Z.L.)
| | - Mingyong Li
- National Rabbit Industry Technology System Qingdao Comprehensive Experimental Station, Qingdao 266431, China; (M.L.); (M.L.)
| | - Man Liu
- National Rabbit Industry Technology System Qingdao Comprehensive Experimental Station, Qingdao 266431, China; (M.L.); (M.L.)
| | - Yao Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (J.H.); (Q.W.); (K.Z.); (S.H.); (Z.L.)
| | - Zhonghong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (J.H.); (Q.W.); (K.Z.); (S.H.); (Z.L.)
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Wang C, Liu Z, Cai J, Xu X. The regulatory effect of intermittent fasting on inflammasome activation in health and disease. Nutr Rev 2023:nuad104. [PMID: 37634143 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuad104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Intermittent fasting (IF), one of the most popular diets, can regulate inflammation and promote health; however, the detailed molecular mechanisms are not fully understood. The present review aims to provide an overview of recent preclinical and clinical studies that have examined the effect of IF on inflammasome signaling, and to discuss the translational gap between preclinical and clinical studies. Three databases (PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase) were searched to identify all relevant preclinical and clinical studies up to October 30, 2022. A total of 1544 studies were identified through the database searches, and 29 preclinical and 10 clinical studies were included. Twenty-three of the 29 preclinical studies reported that IF treatment could reduce inflammasome activation in neurological diseases, metabolic and cardiovascular diseases, immune and inflammatory diseases, gastrointestinal diseases, and pulmonary diseases, and 7 of the 10 clinical studies demonstrated reduced inflammasome activation after IF intervention in both healthy and obese participants. Among various IF regimens, time-restricted eating seemed to be the most effective one in terms of inflammasome regulation, and the efficacy of IF might increase over time. This review highlights the regulatory effect of IF on inflammasome activation in health and disease. Future studies using different IF regimens, in various populations, are needed in order to evaluate its potential to be used alone or as an adjunct therapy in humans to improve health and counteract diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenchen Wang
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Zhiqin Liu
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Jinpeng Cai
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Xi Xu
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, P. R. China
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Ella K, Sűdy ÁR, Búr Z, Koós B, Kisiczki ÁS, Mócsai A, Káldi K. Time restricted feeding modifies leukocyte responsiveness and improves inflammation outcome. Front Immunol 2022; 13:924541. [PMID: 36405720 PMCID: PMC9666763 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.924541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Time restricted eating, the dietary approach limiting food intake to a maximal 10-hour period of daytime is considered beneficial in metabolic dysfunctions, such as obesity and diabetes. Rhythm of food intake and parallel changes in serum nutrient levels are also important entrainment signals for the circadian clock, particularly in tissues involved in metabolic regulation. As both the metabolic state and the circadian clock have large impact on immune functions, we investigated in mice whether time restricted feeding (TRF) affects systemic inflammatory potential. TRF slackened the symptoms in K/BxN serum-transfer arthritis, an experimental model of human autoimmune joint inflammation. Compared to ad libitum conditions TRF reduced the expression of inflammatory mediators in visceral adipose tissue, an integrator and coordinator of metabolic and inflammatory processes. Furthermore, TRF strengthened the oscillation of peripheral leukocyte counts and alongside decreased the pool of both marginated and tissue leukocytes. Our data suggest that the altered leukocyte distribution in TRF mice is related to the attenuated expression of adhesion molecules on the surface of neutrophils and monocytes. We propose that TRF modifies both rhythm and inflammatory potential of leukocytes which contribute to the milder reactivity of the immune system and therefore time-restricted eating could serve as an effective complementary tool in the therapy of autoinflammatory processes.
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Sims BM, Goodlett BL, Allbee ML, Pickup EJ, Chiasson VL, Arenaz CM, Henley MR, Navaneethabalakrishnan S, Mitchell BM. Time restricted feeding decreases renal innate immune cells and blood pressure in hypertensive mice. J Hypertens 2022; 40:1960-8. [PMID: 35822591 DOI: 10.1097/HJH.0000000000003200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Renal innate immune cell accumulation and inflammation are associated with hypertension. Time restricted feeding (TRF) has been reported to decrease inflammation and blood pressure. Whether TRF can decrease blood pressure by decreasing renal innate immune cells in hypertension is unknown. METHODS AND RESULTS We determined whether TRF can decrease blood pressure in two separate mouse models of hypertension, N(G)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride-induced hypertension (LHTN) and salt-sensitive hypertension (SSHTN). Once hypertension was established after 2 days, TRF (12-h food/12-h no food) for 4 weeks significantly decreased systolic blood pressure in both LHTN and SSHTN mice despite no differences in the amount of food eaten or body weight between groups. Activated macrophages and dendritic cells in the kidneys of both LHTN and SSHTN mice were decreased significantly in mice that underwent TRF. This was associated with an improvement in kidney function (decreased serum creatinine, decreased fractional excretion of sodium, and increased creatinine clearance) which achieved significance in LHTN mice and trended towards improvement in SSHTN mice. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrate that TRF can significantly decrease renal innate immune cells and blood pressure in two mouse models of hypertension.
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Shirato K, Sato S. Macrophage Meets the Circadian Clock: Implication of the Circadian Clock in the Role of Macrophages in Acute Lower Respiratory Tract Infection. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:826738. [PMID: 35281442 PMCID: PMC8904936 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.826738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The circadian rhythm is a biological system that creates daily variations of physiology and behavior with a 24-h cycle, which is precisely controlled by the molecular circadian clock. The circadian clock dominates temporal activity of physiological homeostasis at the molecular level, including endocrine secretion, metabolic, immune response, coupled with extrinsic environmental cues (e.g., light/dark cycles) and behavioral cues (e.g., sleep/wake cycles and feeding/fasting cycles). The other side of the clock is that the misaligned circadian rhythm contributes to the onset of a variety of diseases, such as cancer, metabolic diseases, and cardiovascular diseases, the acceleration of aging, and the development of systemic inflammation. The role played by macrophages is a key mediator between circadian disruption and systemic inflammation. At the molecular level, macrophage functions are under the direct control of the circadian clock, and thus the circadian misalignment remodels the phenotype of macrophages toward a ‘killer’ mode. Remarkably, the inflammatory macrophages induce systemic and chronic inflammation, leading to the development of inflammatory diseases and the dampened immune defensive machinery against infectious diseases such as COVID-19. Here, we discuss how the circadian clock regulates macrophage immune functions and provide the potential risk of misaligned circadian rhythms against inflammatory and infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken Shirato
- Department of Molecular Predictive Medicine and Sport Science, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Mitaka, Japan
| | - Shogo Sato
- Center for Biological Clocks Research, Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
- *Correspondence: Shogo Sato,
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Cox SL, O'Siorain JR, Fagan LE, Curtis AM, Carroll RG. Intertwining roles of circadian and metabolic regulation of the innate immune response. Semin Immunopathol 2022; 44:225-237. [PMID: 35022891 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-021-00905-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
It has emerged that an interconnected relationship exists between metabolism, circadian rhythms, and the immune system. The relationship between metabolism and circadian rhythms is not that surprising given the necessity to align rhythms of feeding/fasting with activity/rest. Recently, our understanding of the importance of metabolic pathways in terms of immune function, termed immunometabolism, has grown exponentially. It is now appreciated that the time of day during which the innate immune system is challenged strongly conditions the subsequent response. Recent observations have found that many individual components that make up the circadian clock also control aspects of metabolism in innate immune cells to modulate inflammation. This circadian/metabolic axis may be a key factor driving rhythmicity of immune function and circadian disruption is associated with a range of chronic inflammatory diseases such as atherosclerosis, obesity, and diabetes. The field of "circadian immunometabolism" seeks to reveal undiscovered circadian controlled metabolic pathways that in turn regulate immune responses. The innate immune system has been intricately linked to chronic inflammatory diseases, and within the immune system, individual cell types carry out unique roles in inflammation. Therefore, circadian immunometabolism effects are unique to each innate immune cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon L Cox
- Curtis Clock Laboratory, School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland. .,Tissue Engineering Research Group (TERG), RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - James R O'Siorain
- Curtis Clock Laboratory, School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland.,Tissue Engineering Research Group (TERG), RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Lauren E Fagan
- Curtis Clock Laboratory, School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland.,Tissue Engineering Research Group (TERG), RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Annie M Curtis
- Curtis Clock Laboratory, School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland.,Tissue Engineering Research Group (TERG), RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Richard G Carroll
- Curtis Clock Laboratory, School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland. .,Tissue Engineering Research Group (TERG), RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland.
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Walker WH, Kaper AL, Meléndez-Fernández OH, Bumgarner JR, Liu JA, Walton JC, DeVries AC, Nelson RJ. Time-restricted feeding alters the efficiency of mammary tumor growth. Chronobiol Int 2021; 39:535-546. [PMID: 34894935 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2021.2011306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Disruption of circadian rhythms has detrimental host consequences. Indeed, both clinical and foundational science demonstrate a clear relationship between disruption of circadian rhythms and cancer initiation and progression. Because timing of food intake can act as a zeitgeber (i.e., entrainment signal) for the circadian clock, and most individuals in the developed world have access to food at all times of the day in a "24/7" society, we sought to determine the effects of timing of food intake on mammary tumor growth. We hypothesized that restricting access to food to during the inactive phase would accelerate tumor growth. Adult female Balb/C mice received a unilateral orthotopic injection of murine mammary carcinoma 4T1 cells into the ninth inguinal mammary gland. Beginning on the day of tumor injection and continuing until the end of the experiment, mice were food restricted to their active phase (ZT12 (lights off)- ZT0 (lights on), inactive phase (ZT0 - ZT12), or had ad libitum access to food. Mice that were food restricted to their inactive phase displayed a significant increase in body mass on days 7 and 14 of tumor growth relative to active phase or ad libitum fed mice. Additionally, mice fed during their inactive phase demonstrated a 20% reduction in food consumption relative to mice fed during their active phase and a 17% reduction in food consumption relative to ab libitum fed mice. Tumor volume was not significantly different between groups. However, food restricting mice to their inactive phase increased mammary tumor growth efficiency (i.e., mg of tumor mass per gram of food intake) relative to mice fed during the active phase and approached significance (p = .06) relative to ad libitum fed mice. To determine a potential explanation for the increased tumor growth efficiency, we examined rhythms of activity and body temperature. Mice fed during the inactive phase displayed significantly disrupted daily activity and body temperature rhythms relative to both other feeding regimens. Together, these data demonstrate that improperly timed food intake can have detrimental consequences on mammary tumor growth likely via disrupted circadian rhythms.
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Affiliation(s)
- William H Walker
- Department of Neuroscience, Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia, USA
| | - Alexis L Kaper
- Department of Neuroscience, Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia, USA
| | | | - Jacob R Bumgarner
- Department of Neuroscience, Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia, USA
| | - Jennifer A Liu
- Department of Neuroscience, Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia, USA
| | - James C Walton
- Department of Neuroscience, Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia, USA
| | - A Courtney DeVries
- Department of Neuroscience, Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia, USA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology/Hematology, West Virginia, USA.,WVU Cancer Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Randy J Nelson
- Department of Neuroscience, Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia, USA
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Geiger SS, Traba J, Richoz N, Farley TK, Brooks SR, Petermann F, Wang L, Gonzalez FJ, Sack MN, Siegel RM. Feeding-induced resistance to acute lethal sepsis is dependent on hepatic BMAL1 and FXR signalling. Nat Commun 2021; 12:2745. [PMID: 33980856 PMCID: PMC8115055 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-22961-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
In mice, time of day strongly influences lethality in response to LPS, with survival greatest at the beginning compared to the end of the light cycle. Here we show that feeding, rather than light, controls time-of-day dependent LPS sensitivity. Mortality following LPS administration is independent of cytokine production and the clock regulator BMAL1 expressed in myeloid cells. In contrast, deletion of BMAL1 in hepatocytes globally disrupts the transcriptional response to the feeding cycle in the liver and results in constitutively high LPS sensitivity. Using RNAseq and functional validation studies we identify hepatic farnesoid X receptor (FXR) signalling as a BMAL1 and feeding-dependent regulator of LPS susceptibility. These results show that hepatocyte-intrinsic BMAL1 and FXR signalling integrate nutritional cues to regulate survival in response to innate immune stimuli. Understanding hepatic molecular programmes operational in response to these cues could identify novel pathways for targeting to enhance endotoxemia resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah S Geiger
- Immunoregulation Section, Autoimmunity Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Science Institute (TBSI), Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Javier Traba
- Laboratory of Mitochondrial Biology and Metabolism, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Nathan Richoz
- Immunoregulation Section, Autoimmunity Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Taylor K Farley
- Immunoregulation Section, Autoimmunity Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Stephen R Brooks
- Biodata Mining and Discovery Section, Office of Science and Technology, NIAMS, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Franziska Petermann
- Lymphocyte Cell Biology Section, Molecular Immunology and Inflammation Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Lingdi Wang
- Laboratory of Mitochondrial Biology and Metabolism, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Frank J Gonzalez
- Laboratory of Metabolism, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Michael N Sack
- Laboratory of Mitochondrial Biology and Metabolism, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Richard M Siegel
- Immunoregulation Section, Autoimmunity Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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Hua L, Zhao L, Mao Z, Li W, Li J, Jiang X, Che L, Xu S, Lin Y, Fang Z, Feng B, Wu D, Zhuo Y. Beneficial effects of a decreased meal frequency on nutrient utilization, secretion of luteinizing hormones and ovarian follicular development in gilts. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2021; 12:41. [PMID: 33820556 PMCID: PMC8022406 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-021-00564-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Replacement gilts are typically fed ad libitum, whereas emerging evidence from human and rodent studies has revealed that time-restricted access to food has health benefits. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of meal frequency on the metabolic status and ovarian follicular development in gilts. Methods A total of 36 gilts (Landrace × Yorkshire) with an age of 150±3 d and a body weight of 77.6±3.8 kg were randomly allocated into one of three groups (n = 12 in each group), and based on the group allocation, the gilts were fed at a frequency of one meal (T1), two meals (T2), or six meals per day (T6) for 14 consecutive weeks. The effects of the meal frequency on growth preference, nutrient utilization, short-chain fatty acid production by gut microbial, the post-meal dynamics in the metabolic status, reproductive hormone secretions, and ovarian follicular development in the gilts were measured. Results The gilts in the T1 group presented a higher average daily gain (+ 48 g/d, P < 0.05) and a higher body weight (+ 4.9 kg, P < 0.05) than those in the T6 group. The meal frequency had no effect on the apparent digestibility of dry matter, crude protein, ether extract, ash, and gross energy, with the exception that the T1 gilts exhibited a greater NDF digestibility than the T6 gilts (P < 0.05). The nitrogen balance analysis revealed that the T1 gilts presented decreased urine excretion of nitrogen (− 8.17 g/d, P < 0.05) and higher nitrogen retention (+ 9.81 g/d, P < 0.05), and thus exhibited higher nitrogen utilization than the T6 gilts. The time-course dynamics of glucose, α-amino nitrogen, urea, lactate, and insulin levels in serum revealed that the T1 group exhibited higher utilization of nutrients after a meal than the T2 or T6 gilts. The T1 gilts also had a higher acetate content and SCFAs in feces than the T6 gilts (P < 0.05). The age, body weight and backfat thickness of the gilts at first estrous expression were not affected by the meal frequency, but the gilts in the T1 group had higher levels of serum luteinizing hormone on the 18th day of the 3rd estrus cycle and 17β-estradiol, a larger number of growing follicles and corpora lutea, and higher mRNA expression levels of genes related to follicular development on the 19th day of the 3rd estrus cycle. Conclusions The current findings revealed the benefits of a lower meal frequency equal feed intake on nutrient utilization and reproductive function in replacement gilts, and thus provide new insights into the nutritional strategy for replacement gilts, and the dietary pattern for other mammals, such as humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lun Hua
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of the Ministry of Education of China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130, People's Republic of China
| | - Lianpeng Zhao
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of the Ministry of Education of China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengyu Mao
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of the Ministry of Education of China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130, People's Republic of China
| | - Wentao Li
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of the Ministry of Education of China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Li
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of the Ministry of Education of China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuemei Jiang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of the Ministry of Education of China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130, People's Republic of China
| | - Lianqiang Che
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of the Ministry of Education of China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengyu Xu
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of the Ministry of Education of China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Lin
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of the Ministry of Education of China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengfeng Fang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of the Ministry of Education of China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Feng
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of the Ministry of Education of China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130, People's Republic of China
| | - De Wu
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, People's Republic of China. .,Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of the Ministry of Education of China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, People's Republic of China. .,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yong Zhuo
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, People's Republic of China. .,Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of the Ministry of Education of China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, People's Republic of China. .,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130, People's Republic of China.
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Frazier K, Frith M, Harris D, Leone VA. Mediators of Host–Microbe Circadian Rhythms in Immunity and Metabolism. Biology 2020; 9:biology9120417. [PMID: 33255707 PMCID: PMC7761326 DOI: 10.3390/biology9120417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Circadian rhythms serve as the body’s internal metronome, driving responses to environmental cues over a 24-h period. Essential to nearly all life forms, the core circadian clock gene network drives physiological outputs associated with metabolic and immune responses. Modern-day disruptions to host circadian rhythms, such as shift work and jet lag, result in aberrant metabolic responses and development of complex diseases, including obesity and Type 2 Diabetes. These complex diseases are also impacted by interactions between gut microbes and the host immune system, driving a chronic low-grade inflammatory response. Gut microbes exhibit circadian dynamics that are closely tied to host circadian networks and disrupting microbial rhythmicity contributes to metabolic diseases. The underlying mediators that drive communication between host metabolism, the immune system, gut microbes, and circadian networks remain unknown, particularly in humans. Here, we explore the current state of knowledge regarding the transkingdom control of circadian networks and discuss gaps and challenges to overcome to push the field forward from the preclinical to clinical setting. Abstract Circadian rhythms are essential for nearly all life forms, mediated by a core molecular gene network that drives downstream molecular processes involved in immune function and metabolic regulation. These biological rhythms serve as the body’s metronome in response to the 24-h light:dark cycle and other timed stimuli. Disrupted circadian rhythms due to drastic lifestyle and environmental shifts appear to contribute to the pathogenesis of metabolic diseases, although the mechanisms remain elusive. Gut microbiota membership and function are also key mediators of metabolism and are highly sensitive to environmental perturbations. Recent evidence suggests rhythmicity of gut microbes is essential for host metabolic health. The key molecular mediators that transmit rhythmic signals between microbes and host metabolic networks remain unclear, but studies suggest the host immune system may serve as a conduit between these two systems, providing homeostatic signals to maintain overall metabolic health. Despite this knowledge, the precise mechanism and communication modalities that drive these rhythms remain unclear, especially in humans. Here, we review the current literature examining circadian dynamics of gut microbes, the immune system, and metabolism in the context of metabolic dysregulation and provide insights into gaps and challenges that remain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katya Frazier
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; (K.F.); (M.F.); (D.H.)
| | - Mary Frith
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; (K.F.); (M.F.); (D.H.)
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Dylan Harris
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; (K.F.); (M.F.); (D.H.)
| | - Vanessa A. Leone
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; (K.F.); (M.F.); (D.H.)
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-608-262-5551
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Regmi P, Heilbronn LK. Time-Restricted Eating: Benefits, Mechanisms, and Challenges in Translation. iScience 2020; 23:101161. [PMID: 32480126 PMCID: PMC7262456 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Eating out of phase with daily circadian rhythms induces metabolic desynchrony in peripheral metabolic organs and may increase chronic disease risk. Time-restricted eating (TRE) is a dietary approach that consolidates all calorie intake to 6- to 10-h periods during the active phase of the day, without necessarily altering diet quality and quantity. TRE reduces body weight, improves glucose tolerance, protects from hepatosteatosis, increases metabolic flexibility, reduces atherogenic lipids and blood pressure, and improves gut function and cardiometabolic health in preclinical studies. This review discusses the importance of meal timing on the circadian system, the metabolic health benefits of TRE in preclinical models and humans, the possible mechanisms of action, the challenges we face in implementing TRE in humans, and the possible consequences of delaying initiation of TRE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashant Regmi
- Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia; Life-Long Health Research Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia; NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence in Translating Nutritional Science to Good Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Leonie K Heilbronn
- Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia; Life-Long Health Research Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia; NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence in Translating Nutritional Science to Good Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia.
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Zheng D, Ratiner K, Elinav E. Circadian Influences of Diet on the Microbiome and Immunity. Trends Immunol 2020; 41:512-530. [DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2020.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 04/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Aoyama S, Kojima S, Sasaki K, Shimoda T, Takahashi K, Hirooka R, Tahara Y, Shibata S. Effects of day-time feeding on murine skeletal muscle growth and synthesis. Journal of Nutrition & Intermediary Metabolism 2019; 17:100099. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnim.2019.100099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
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Carroll RG, Timmons GA, Cervantes-Silva MP, Kennedy OD, Curtis AM. Immunometabolism around the Clock. Trends Mol Med 2019; 25:612-625. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2019.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2019] [Revised: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Abele SH, Meadows KE, Medeiros D, Silver AC. Time is on the Immune System's Side, Yes it is. Yale J Biol Med 2019; 92:225-231. [PMID: 31249483 PMCID: PMC6585517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
From bacteria to mammals, nearly all organisms have adapted their physiology and behavior to a daily rhythm. These circadian (daily) rhythms influence virtually all aspects of physiological architecture (i.e., from gene expression to organismal behavior). Therefore, it is not surprising that several features of the immune response are regulated in a time-of-day dependent manner. The field of chrono-immunology has expanded tremendously over the past decade. In this abridged review, we present studies from the past five years that have revealed new parameters of the immune system that demonstrate daily variations in the control of pathogens and response to microbial components. These studies analyzed how the disruption of circadian rhythms impairs immune function, how microbial components alter the circadian clock, and how immune responses demonstrate daily variations in human subjects. Further elucidating the intricate connections between the circadian clock and the immune system will hopefully provide opportunities for chrono-immunotherapy in disease treatment and prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Adam C. Silver
- To whom all correspondence should be addressed: Adam C. Silver, Department of Biology, University of Hartford, 200 Bloomfield Ave., West Hartford, CT, 06117; Tel: 860-768-4587;
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Sulli G, Manoogian ENC, Taub PR, Panda S. Training the Circadian Clock, Clocking the Drugs, and Drugging the Clock to Prevent, Manage, and Treat Chronic Diseases. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2018; 39:812-827. [PMID: 30060890 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2018.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2018] [Revised: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
Daily rhythms in behavior, physiology, and metabolism are an integral part of homeostasis. These rhythms emerge from interactions between endogenous circadian clocks and ambient light-dark cycles, sleep-activity cycles, and eating-fasting cycles. Nearly the entire primate genome shows daily rhythms in expression in tissue- and locus-specific manners. These molecular rhythms modulate several key aspects of cellular and tissue function with profound implications in public health, disease prevention, and disease management. In modern societies light at night disrupts circadian rhythms, leading to further disruption of sleep-activity and eating-fasting cycles. While acute circadian disruption may cause transient discomfort or exacerbate chronic diseases, chronic circadian disruption can enhance risks for numerous diseases. The molecular understanding of circadian rhythms is opening new therapeutic frontiers placing the circadian clock in a central role. Here, we review recent advancements on how to enhance our circadian clock through behavioral interventions, timing of drug administration, and pharmacological targeting of circadian clock components that are already providing new preventive and therapeutic strategies for several diseases, including metabolic syndrome and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Sulli
- The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | | | - Pam R Taub
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA 92037, USA
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