1
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Wong Lau A, Perez Pineda J, DeLouise LA. Immunomodulatory effects of nanoparticles on dendritic cells in a model of allergic contact dermatitis: importance of PD-L2 expression. Sci Rep 2023; 13:15992. [PMID: 37749142 PMCID: PMC10520013 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-42797-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanoparticle (NP) skin exposure is linked to an increased prevalence of allergic contact dermatitis. In our prior studies using the mouse contact hypersensitivity (CHS) model, we reported that silica 20 nm (SiO2) NPs suppressed the allergic response and titanium dioxide NPs doped with manganese (mTiO2) exacerbated it. In this work, we conducted in vitro experiments using bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) to study the combinatorial effect of the potent 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB) hapten sensitizer with SiO2 and mTiO2 NPs on BMDC cytotoxicity, cytokine secretion and phenotype using the B7 family ligands. Results show that DNFB and mTiO2 behave similarly and exhibit proinflammatory characteristics while SiO2 promotes a naive phenotype. We observe that the B7-H3 (CD276) ligand is only expressed on CD80 + (B7-1) BMDCs. Results from adoptive transfer CHS studies, combined with BMDC phenotype analysis, point to the importance of PD-L2 expression in modulating the adaptive immune response. This work identifies metrics that can be used to predict the effects of NPs on contact allergy and to guide efforts to engineer cell-based therapies to induce hapten specific immune tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Wong Lau
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Jessica Perez Pineda
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Lisa A DeLouise
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA.
- Department of Dermatology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.
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2
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Yamaguchi HL, Yamaguchi Y, Peeva E. Role of Innate Immunity in Allergic Contact Dermatitis: An Update. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12975. [PMID: 37629154 PMCID: PMC10455292 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Our understanding of allergic contact dermatitis mechanisms has progressed over the past decade. Innate immune cells that are involved in the pathogenesis of allergic contact dermatitis include Langerhans cells, dermal dendritic cells, macrophages, mast cells, innate lymphoid cells (ILCs), neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils. ILCs can be subcategorized as group 1 (natural killer cells; ILC1) in association with Th1, group 2 (ILC2) in association with Th2, and group 3 (lymphoid tissue-inducer cells; ILC3) in association with Th17. Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) including toll-like receptors (TLRs) and nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptors (NLRs) in innate immune cells recognize damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) and cascade the signal to produce several cytokines and chemokines including tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interferon (IFN)-α, IFN-γ, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-4, IL-6, IL-12, IL-13, IL-17, IL-18, and IL-23. Here we discuss the recent findings showing the roles of the innate immune system in allergic contact dermatitis during the sensitization and elicitation phases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yuji Yamaguchi
- Inflammation & Immunology Research Unit, Pfizer, Collegeville, PA 19426, USA
| | - Elena Peeva
- Inflammation & Immunology Research Unit, Pfizer, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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3
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Lau AW, Pineda JP, DeLouise LA. Immunomodulatory Effects of Nanoparticles on Dendritic Cells in a Model of Allergic Contact Dermatitis - Importance of PD-L2 Expression. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-3069059. [PMID: 37503107 PMCID: PMC10371126 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3069059/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticle (NP) skin exposure is linked to the increased prevalence of allergic contact dermatitis. In prior studies using the mouse contact hypersensitivity (CHS) model, we reported that silica 20 nm (Si20nm) suppressed the allergic response and TiO2 doped with manganese (mTiO2) exacerbated it. In this work, we conducted in vitro experiments using bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) to study the combinatorial effect of the potent 2, 4-dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB) hapten sensitizer with Si20nm and mTiO2 NPs on BMDC cytotoxicity, cytokine secretion and phenotype using the B7 family ligands. Results show that DNFB and mTiO2 behave similarly and exhibit proinflammatory characteristics while Si20nm promotes a naive phenotype. We observe that the B7-H3 (CD276) ligand is only expressed on CD80+ (B7-1) BMDC. Results from adoptive transfer CHS studies, combined with BMDC phenotype analysis, point to the importance of PD-L2 expression in modulating the adaptive immune response. This work identifies metrics that can be used to predict the effects of NPs on contact allergy and to guide efforts to engineer cell-based therapies to induce antigen specific immune tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Wong Lau
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Jessica Perez Pineda
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Lisa A. DeLouise
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, USA
- Department of Dermatology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
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4
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Koumaki D, Gregoriou S, Evangelou G, Krasagakis K. Pruritogenic Mediators and New Antipruritic Drugs in Atopic Dermatitis. J Clin Med 2023; 12:2091. [PMID: 36983094 PMCID: PMC10054239 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12062091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common highly pruritic chronic inflammatory skin disorder affecting 5-20% of children worldwide, while the prevalence in adults varies from 7 to 10%. Patients with AD experience intense pruritus that could lead to sleep disturbance and impaired quality of life. Here, we analyze the pathophysiology of itchiness in AD. We extensively review the histamine-dependent and histamine-independent pruritogens. Several receptors, substance P, secreted molecules, chemokines, and cytokines are involved as mediators in chronic itch. We also, summarize the new emerging antipruritic drugs in atopic dermatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitra Koumaki
- Dermatology Department, University Hospital of Heraklion, 71110 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Stamatios Gregoriou
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Andreas Sygros Hospital, Medical School of Athens, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 16121 Athens, Greece
| | - George Evangelou
- Dermatology Department, University Hospital of Heraklion, 71110 Heraklion, Greece
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5
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Tse BCY, Ferguson AL, Koay YC, Grau GE, Don AS, Byrne SN. Exposure to solar ultraviolet radiation establishes a novel immune suppressive lipidome in skin-draining lymph nodes. Front Immunol 2023; 13:1045731. [PMID: 36741361 PMCID: PMC9895826 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1045731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The ability of ultraviolet radiation to suppress the immune system is thought to be central to both its beneficial (protection from autoimmunity) and detrimental (carcinogenic) effects. Previous work revealed a key role for lipids particularly platelet-activating factor and sphingosine-1-phosphate in mediating UV-induced immune suppression. We therefore hypothesized that there may be other UV-induced lipids that have immune regulatory roles. To assess this, mice were exposed to an immune suppressive dose of solar-simulated UV (8 J/cm2). Lipidomic analysis identified 6 lipids (2 acylcarnitines, 2 neutral lipids, and 2 phospholipids) with significantly increased levels in the skin-draining lymph nodes of UV-irradiated mice. Imaging mass spectrometry of the lipids in combination with imaging mass cytometry identification of lymph node cell subsets indicated a preferential location of UV-induced lipids to T cell areas. In vitro co-culture of skin-draining lymph node lipids with lymphocytes showed that lipids derived from UV-exposed mice have no effect on T cell activation but significantly inhibited T cell proliferation, indicating that the lipids play an immune regulatory role. These studies are important first steps in identifying novel lipids that contribute to UV-mediated immune suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benita C. Y. Tse
- The University of Sydney, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Angela L. Ferguson
- The University of Sydney, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Yen Chin Koay
- The University of Sydney, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney, NSW, Australia,Heart Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Georges E. Grau
- The University of Sydney, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Anthony S. Don
- The University of Sydney, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Scott N. Byrne
- The University of Sydney, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney, NSW, Australia,Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Centre for Immunology and Allergy Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia,*Correspondence: Scott N. Byrne,
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6
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Frommeyer TC, Gilbert MM, Brittain GV, Wu T, Nguyen TQ, Rohan CA, Travers JB. UVB-Induced Microvesicle Particle Release and Its Effects on the Cutaneous Microenvironment. Front Immunol 2022; 13:880850. [PMID: 35603177 PMCID: PMC9120817 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.880850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Ultraviolet B radiation (UVB) has profound effects on human skin that results in a broad spectrum of immunological local and systemic responses and is the major cause of skin carcinogenesis. One important area of study in photobiology is how UVB is translated into effector signals. As the skin is exposed to UVB light, subcellular microvesicle particles (MVP), a subtype of bioactive extracellular vesicles, are released causing a variety of local and systemic immunological effects. In this review, we highlight keratinocyte MVP release in keratinocytes in response to UVB. Specifically, Platelet-activating factor receptor agonists generated by UVB result in MVP released from keratinocytes. The downstream effects of MVP release include the ability of these subcellular particles to transport agents including the glycerophosphocholine-derived lipid mediator Platelet-activating factor (PAF). Moreover, even though UVB is only absorbed in the epidermis, it appears that PAF release from MVPs also mediates systemic immunosuppression and enhances tumor growth and metastasis. Tumor cells expressing PAF receptors can use this mechanism to evade chemotherapy responses, leading to treatment resistance for advanced cancers such as melanoma. Furthermore, novel pharmacological agents provide greater insight into the UVB-induced immune response pathway and a potential target for pharmacological intervention. This review outlines the need to more clearly elucidate the mechanism linking UVB-irradiation with the cutaneous immune response and its pathological manifestations. An improved understanding of this process can result in new insights and treatment strategies for UVB-related disorders from carcinogenesis to photosensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy C. Frommeyer
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Boonshoft School of Medicine at Wright State University, Dayton, OH, United States
| | - Michael M. Gilbert
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Boonshoft School of Medicine at Wright State University, Dayton, OH, United States
| | - Garrett V. Brittain
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Boonshoft School of Medicine at Wright State University, Dayton, OH, United States
| | - Tongfan Wu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Boonshoft School of Medicine at Wright State University, Dayton, OH, United States
| | - Trang Q. Nguyen
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Boonshoft School of Medicine at Wright State University, Dayton, OH, United States
| | - Craig A. Rohan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Boonshoft School of Medicine at Wright State University, Dayton, OH, United States
- Department of Dermatology, Boonshoft School of Medicine at Wright State University, Dayton, OH, United States
- Department of Medicine, Dayton Veterans Administration Medical Center, Dayton, OH, United States
| | - Jeffrey B. Travers
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Boonshoft School of Medicine at Wright State University, Dayton, OH, United States
- Department of Dermatology, Boonshoft School of Medicine at Wright State University, Dayton, OH, United States
- Department of Medicine, Dayton Veterans Administration Medical Center, Dayton, OH, United States
- *Correspondence: Jeffrey B. Travers,
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7
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Bhadri S, Thapa P, Chen Y, Rapp CM, Travers JB. Evidence for microvesicle particles in UVB-mediated IL-8 generation in keratinocytes. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND INVESTIGATIVE DERMATOLOGY 2021; 9. [PMID: 34950767 DOI: 10.13188/2373-1044.1000076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have implicated bioactive microvesicle particles (MVP) in the keratinocyte response to many environmental stressors, in partricular ultraviolet B radiation (UVB). The generation of MVP in response to UVB involves the Platelet-activating factor receptor (PAFR) and the enzyme acid sphingomyelinase (aSMase). As UVB generates some cytokines such as interleukin-8 (IL-8) in a PAFR-dependent manner, one question is if the production and release of IL-8 and MVP could be linked. Using the human keratinocyte-derived cell line HaCaT, the present in vitro studies indicate that pretreatment of HaCaT keratinocytes with PAFR agonist ester can synergize with low fluences of UVB to generate high levels of MVP as well as IL-8 protein. Treatment of cells with an aSMase pharmacologic inhibitor blocked both processes. These studies indicate the possibility that MVP could be involved in pathologic processes involving UVB-generated production of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shweta Bhadri
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Boonshoft School of Medicine at Wright State University, Dayton, OH 45435
| | - Pariksha Thapa
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Boonshoft School of Medicine at Wright State University, Dayton, OH 45435
| | - Yanfang Chen
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Boonshoft School of Medicine at Wright State University, Dayton, OH 45435
| | - Christine M Rapp
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Boonshoft School of Medicine at Wright State University, Dayton, OH 45435
| | - Jeffrey B Travers
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Boonshoft School of Medicine at Wright State University, Dayton, OH 45435.,Department of Dermatology, Boonshoft School of Medicine at Wright State University, Dayton, OH 45435.,The Dayton V.A. Medical Center, Dayton, OH 45428
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8
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The Implications of Pruritogens in the Pathogenesis of Atopic Dermatitis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22137227. [PMID: 34281281 PMCID: PMC8269281 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22137227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a prototypic inflammatory disease that presents with intense itching. The pathophysiology of AD is multifactorial, involving environmental factors, genetic susceptibility, skin barrier function, and immune responses. A recent understanding of pruritus transmission provides more information about the role of pruritogens in the pathogenesis of AD. There is evidence that pruritogens are not only responsible for eliciting pruritus, but also interact with immune cells and act as inflammatory mediators, which exacerbate the severity of AD. In this review, we discuss the interaction between pruritogens and inflammatory molecules and summarize the targeted therapies for AD.
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9
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Mast Cells and Skin and Breast Cancers: A Complicated and Microenvironment-Dependent Role. Cells 2021; 10:cells10050986. [PMID: 33922465 PMCID: PMC8146516 DOI: 10.3390/cells10050986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Mast cells are important sentinel cells in host defense against infection and major effector cells in allergic disease. The role of these cells in cancer settings has been widely debated. The diverse range of mast cell functions in both immunity and tissue remodeling events, such as angiogenesis, provides multiple opportunities for mast cells to modify the tumor microenvironment. In this review, we consider both skin and breast cancer settings to address the controversy surrounding the importance of mast cells in the host response to tumors. We specifically address the key mediators produced by mast cells which impact tumor development. The role of environmental challenges in modifying mast cell responses and opportunities to modify mast cell responses to enhance anti-tumor immunity are also considered. While the mast cell's role in many cancer contexts is complicated and poorly understood, the activities of these tissue resident and radioresistant cells can provide important opportunities to enhance anti-cancer responses and limit cancer development.
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10
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Liu L, Awoyemi AA, Fahy KE, Thapa P, Borchers C, Wu BY, McGlone CL, Schmeusser B, Sattouf Z, Rohan CA, Williams AR, Cates EE, Knisely C, Kelly LE, Bihl JC, Cool DR, Sahu RP, Wang J, Chen Y, Rapp CM, Kemp MG, Johnson RM, Travers JB. Keratinocyte-derived microvesicle particles mediate ultraviolet B radiation-induced systemic immunosuppression. J Clin Invest 2021; 131:144963. [PMID: 33830943 DOI: 10.1172/jci144963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
A complete carcinogen, ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation (290-320 nm), is the major cause of skin cancer. UVB-induced systemic immunosuppression that contributes to photocarcinogenesis is due to the glycerophosphocholine-derived lipid mediator platelet-activating factor (PAF). A major question in photobiology is how UVB radiation, which only absorbs appreciably in the epidermal layers of skin, can generate systemic effects. UVB exposure and PAF receptor (PAFR) activation in keratinocytes induce the release of large numbers of microvesicle particles (MVPs; extracellular vesicles ranging from 100 to 1000 nm in size). MVPs released from skin keratinocytes in vitro in response to UVB (UVB-MVPs) are dependent on the keratinocyte PAFR. Here, we used both pharmacologic and genetic approaches in cells and mice to show that both the PAFR and enzyme acid sphingomyelinase (aSMase) were necessary for UVB-MVP generation. Our discovery that the calcium-sensing receptor is a keratinocyte-selective MVP marker allowed us to determine that UVB-MVPs leaving the keratinocyte can be found systemically in mice and humans following UVB exposure. Moreover, we found that UVB-MVPs contained bioactive contents including PAFR agonists that allowed them to serve as effectors for UVB downstream effects, in particular UVB-mediated systemic immunosuppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Langni Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Craig A Rohan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology.,Department of Dermatology, and
| | | | | | | | | | - Ji C Bihl
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology
| | | | | | - Jinju Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology
| | | | | | | | - R Michael Johnson
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Wright State University, Dayton, Ohio, USA
| | - Jeffrey B Travers
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology.,Department of Dermatology, and.,Dayton VA Medical Center, Dayton, Ohio, USA
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11
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Travers JB, Rohan JG, Sahu RP. New Insights Into the Pathologic Roles of the Platelet-Activating Factor System. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:624132. [PMID: 33796070 PMCID: PMC8008455 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.624132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Described almost 50 years ago, the glycerophosphocholine lipid mediator Platelet-activating factor (PAF) has been implicated in many pathologic processes. Indeed, elevated levels of PAF can be measured in response to almost every type of pathology involving inflammation and cell damage/death. In this review, we provide evidence for PAF involvement in pathologic processes, with focus on cancer, the nervous system, and in photobiology. Importantly, recent insights into how PAF can generate and travel via bioactive extracellular vesicles such as microvesicle particles (MVP) are presented. What appears to be emerging from diverse pathologies in different organ systems is a common theme where pro-oxidative stressors generate oxidized glycerophosphocholines with PAF agonistic effects, which then trigger more enzymatic PAF synthesis via the PAF receptor. A downstream consequence of PAF receptor activation is the generation and release of MVP which provide a mechanism to transmit PAF as well as other bioactive agents. The knowledge gaps which when addressed could result in novel therapeutic strategies are also discussed. Taken together, an enhanced understanding of the PAF family of lipid mediators is essential in our improved comprehension of the relationship amongst the diverse cutaneous, cancerous, neurologic and systemic pathologic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey B. Travers
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Boonshoft School of Medicine at Wright State University, Dayton, OH, United States
- Department of Dermatology, Boonshoft School of Medicine at Wright State University, Dayton, OH, United States
- Dayton Veterans Administration Medical Center, Dayton, OH, United States
- *Correspondence: Jeffrey B. Travers, ; orcid.org/0000-0001-7232-1039
| | - Joyce G. Rohan
- Naval Medical Research Unit Dayton, Environmental Health Effects Directorate, Wright Patterson Air Force Base, OH, United States
| | - Ravi P. Sahu
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Boonshoft School of Medicine at Wright State University, Dayton, OH, United States
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12
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Vieyra-Garcia PA, Wolf P. A deep dive into UV-based phototherapy: Mechanisms of action and emerging molecular targets in inflammation and cancer. Pharmacol Ther 2020; 222:107784. [PMID: 33316286 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
UV-based phototherapy (including psoralen plus UVA (PUVA), UVB and UVA1) has a long, successful history in the management of numerous cutaneous disorders. Photoresponsive diseases are etiologically diverse, but most involve disturbances in local (and occasionally systemic) inflammatory cells and/or abnormalities in keratinocytes that trigger inflammation. UV-based phototherapy works by regulating the inflammatory component and inducing apoptosis of pathogenic cells. This results in a fascinating and complex network of simultaneous events-immediate transcriptional changes in keratinocytes, immune cells, and pigment cells; the emergence of apoptotic bodies; and the trafficking of antigen-presenting cells in skin-that quickly transform the microenvironment of UV-exposed skin. Molecular elements in this system of UV recognition and response include chromophores, metabolic byproducts, innate immune receptors, neurotransmitters and mediators such as chemokines and cytokines, antimicrobial peptides, and platelet activating factor (PAF) and PAF-like molecules that simultaneously shape the immunomodulatory effects of UV and their interplay with the microbiota of the skin and beyond. Phototherapy's key effects-proapoptotic, immunomodulatory, antipruritic, antifibrotic, propigmentary, and pro-prebiotic-promote clinical improvement in various skin diseases such as psoriasis, atopic dermatitis (AD), graft-versus-host disease (GvHD), vitiligo, scleroderma, and cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) as well as prevention of polymorphic light eruption (PLE). As understanding of phototherapy improves, new therapies (UV- and non-UV-based) are being developed that will modify regulatory T-cells (Treg), interact with (resident) memory T-cells and /or utilize agonists and antagonists as well as antibodies targeting soluble molecules such as cytokines and chemokines, transcription factors, and a variety of membrane-associated receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo A Vieyra-Garcia
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 8, Graz A-8036, Austria.
| | - Peter Wolf
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 8, Graz A-8036, Austria.
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13
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Infections as triggers of flares in systemic autoimmune diseases: novel innate immunity mechanisms. Curr Opin Rheumatol 2020; 31:525-531. [PMID: 31135383 DOI: 10.1097/bor.0000000000000630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The innate immune response (IIR) has to be immediate facing pathogens, and effective to induce a long-lasting adaptive immunity and immune memory. In genetically susceptible individuals, beyond a first defense, a chronically activated by infections IIR may represent a trigger for the onset or flares in systemic autoimmune diseases. This article reviews the recent scientific literature in this regard and highlights the key issues needing investigation. RECENT FINDINGS Thanks to its high specificity mediated by pattern recognition receptors, the IIR is not called unspecific anymore. The discovery of these increasingly accurate recognizing molecular mechanisms has also evidenced their involvement in breaking self-immune tolerance and to maintain chronic inflammation in autoimmune responses. Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETS) as the main source of antinuclear antibodies; the 'neutrophils-pDC activation loop' theory; and the Th1/Th2/Th17 misbalances induced by microbial products because of chronically activated innate immune cells, are some of the recent uncovered IIR origins involved in infectious-induced systemic autoimmune diseases. SUMMARY A deeper understanding of the genetic predisposition and the pathogen-derived factors responsible to exacerbate the IIR might potentially provide therapeutic targets to counteract flares in systemic autoimmune diseases. VIDEO ABSTRACT.
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14
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Oskolkova OV, Bochkov VN. Gain of function mechanisms triggering biological effects of oxidized phospholipids. CURRENT OPINION IN TOXICOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cotox.2020.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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15
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Yi L, Zhang J, Zhong J, Zheng Y. Elevated Levels of Platelet Activating Factor and Its Acetylhydrolase Indicate High Risk of Kawasaki Disease. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2020; 40:159-167. [PMID: 31841639 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2019.0141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lunyu Yi
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, China Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Jiarong Zhong
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Yuqiang Zheng
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, P. R. China
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Romer E, Thyagarajan A, Krishnamurthy S, Rapp CM, Liu L, Fahy K, Awoyemi A, Sahu RP. Systemic Platelet-Activating Factor-Receptor Agonism Enhances Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer Growth. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19103109. [PMID: 30314274 PMCID: PMC6212876 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19103109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelet-activating factor-receptor (PAF-R) agonists are pleiotropic lipid factors that influence multiple biological processes, including the induction and resolution of inflammation as well as immunosuppression. PAF-R agonists have been shown to modulate tumorigenesis and/or tumor growth in various skin cancer models by suppressing either cutaneous inflammation and/or anti-tumoral adaptive immunity. We have previously shown that a chronic systemic PAF-R agonist administration of mice enhances the growth of subcutaneously implanted melanoma tumors. Conversely, chronic topical applications of a PAF-R agonist suppressed non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) in a topical chemical carcinogenesis model (dimethylbenz[a]anthracene/phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (DMBA/PMA)) in-part via anti-inflammatory effects. These results indicate that the context of PAF-R agonist exposure via either chronic cutaneous or systemic administration, result in seemingly disparate effects on tumor promotion. To further dissect the contextual role of PAF-R agonism on tumorigenesis, we chronically administered systemic PAF-R agonist, carbamoyl-PAF (CPAF) to mice under a cutaneous chemical carcinogenesis protocol, recently characterized to initiate both NMSC and melanocytic nevus formation that can progress to malignant melanoma. Our results showed that while systemic CPAF did not modulate melanocytic nevus formation, it enhanced the growth of NMSC tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Romer
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University; Dayton, OH 45435, USA.
| | - Anita Thyagarajan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University; Dayton, OH 45435, USA.
| | - Smita Krishnamurthy
- Department of Pathology and Dermatology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, OH 45435, USA.
| | - Christine M Rapp
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University; Dayton, OH 45435, USA.
| | - Langni Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University; Dayton, OH 45435, USA.
| | - Katherine Fahy
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University; Dayton, OH 45435, USA.
| | - Azeezat Awoyemi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University; Dayton, OH 45435, USA.
| | - Ravi P Sahu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University; Dayton, OH 45435, USA.
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