1
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Kagohashi K, Sasaki Y, Ozawa K, Tsuchiya T, Kawahara S, Saitoh K, Ichii M, Toda J, Harada Y, Kubo M, Kitai Y, Muromoto R, Oritani K, Kashiwakura JI, Matsuda T. Role of Signal-Transducing Adaptor Protein-1 for T Cell Activation and Pathogenesis of Autoimmune Demyelination and Airway Inflammation. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2024; 212:951-961. [PMID: 38315039 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2300202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Signal-transducing adaptor protein (STAP)-1 is an adaptor protein that is widely expressed in T cells. In this article, we show that STAP-1 upregulates TCR-mediated T cell activation and T cell-mediated airway inflammation. Using STAP-1 knockout mice and STAP-1-overexpressing Jurkat cells, we found that STAP-1 enhanced TCR signaling, resulting in increased calcium mobilization, NFAT activity, and IL-2 production. Upon TCR engagement, STAP-1 binding to ITK promoted formation of ITK-LCK and ITK-phospholipase Cγ1 complexes to induce downstream signaling. Consistent with the results, STAP-1 deficiency reduced the severity of symptoms in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Single-cell RNA-sequencing analysis revealed that STAP-1 is essential for accumulation of T cells and Ifng and Il17 expression in spinal cords after experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis induction. Th1 and Th17 development was also attenuated in STAP-1 knockout naive T cells. Taken together, STAP-1 enhances TCR signaling and plays a role in T cell-mediated immune disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kota Kagohashi
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Yuto Sasaki
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Kiyotaka Ozawa
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Takuya Tsuchiya
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Shoya Kawahara
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Kodai Saitoh
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Michiko Ichii
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Jun Toda
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yasuyo Harada
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Research Institute for Biomedical Science, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Japan
| | - Masato Kubo
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Research Institute for Biomedical Science, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Japan
| | - Yuichi Kitai
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Ryuta Muromoto
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Kenji Oritani
- Department of Hematology, International University of Health and Welfare, Narita, Japan
| | - Jun-Ichi Kashiwakura
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
- Department of Life Science, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University of Science, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Tadashi Matsuda
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
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2
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Sekine Y, Kikkawa K, Honda S, Sasaki Y, Kawahara S, Mizushima A, Togi S, Fujimuro M, Oritani K, Matsuda T. STAP-2 facilitates insulin signaling through binding to CAP/c-Cbl and regulates adipocyte differentiation. Sci Rep 2024; 14:5799. [PMID: 38461189 PMCID: PMC10925025 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-56533-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Signal-transducing adaptor protein-2 (STAP-2) is an adaptor molecule involved in several cellular signaling cascades. Here, we attempted to identify novel STAP-2 interacting molecules, and identified c-Cbl associated protein (CAP) as a binding protein through the C-terminal proline-rich region of STAP-2. Expression of STAP-2 increased the interaction between CAP and c-Cbl, suggesting that STAP-2 bridges these proteins and enhances complex formation. CAP/c-Cbl complex is known to regulate GLUT4 translocation in insulin signaling. STAP-2 overexpressed human hepatocyte Hep3B cells showed enhanced GLUT4 translocation after insulin treatment. Elevated levels of Stap2 mRNA have been observed in 3T3-L1 cells and mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) during adipocyte differentiation. The differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells into adipocytes was highly promoted by retroviral overexpression of STAP-2. In contrast, STAP-2 knockout (KO) MEFs exhibited suppressed adipogenesis. The increase in body weight with high-fat diet feeding was significantly decreased in STAP-2 KO mice compared to WT animals. These data suggest that the expression of STAP-2 correlates with adipogenesis. Thus, STAP-2 is a novel regulatory molecule that controls insulin signal transduction by forming a c-Cbl/STAP-2/CAP ternary complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuichi Sekine
- Department of Cell Biology, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto, 607-8412, Japan.
| | - Kazuna Kikkawa
- Department of Cell Biology, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto, 607-8412, Japan
| | - Sachie Honda
- Department of Cell Biology, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto, 607-8412, Japan
| | - Yuto Sasaki
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0812, Japan
| | - Shoya Kawahara
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0812, Japan
| | - Akihiro Mizushima
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0812, Japan
| | - Sumihito Togi
- Division of Genomic Medicine, Department of Advanced Medicine, Medical Research Institute, Kanazawa Medical University, Kahoku, Ishikawa, 920-0293, Japan
| | - Masahiro Fujimuro
- Department of Cell Biology, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto, 607-8412, Japan
| | - Kenji Oritani
- Department of Hematology, International University of Health and Welfare, Narita, Chiba, 286-8686, Japan
| | - Tadashi Matsuda
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0812, Japan.
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3
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Maemoto T, Sasaki Y, Okuyama F, Kitai Y, Oritani K, Matsuda T. Potential of targeting signal-transducing adaptor protein-2 in cancer therapeutic applications. EXPLORATION OF TARGETED ANTI-TUMOR THERAPY 2024; 5:251-259. [PMID: 38745775 PMCID: PMC11090684 DOI: 10.37349/etat.2024.00216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Adaptor proteins play essential roles in various intracellular signaling pathways. Signal-transducing adaptor protein-2 (STAP-2) is an adaptor protein that possesses pleckstrin homology (PH) and Src homology 2 (SH2) domains, as well as a YXXQ signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3)-binding motif in its C-terminal region. STAP-2 is also a substrate of breast tumor kinase (BRK). STAP-2/BRK expression is deregulated in breast cancers and enhances STAT3-dependent cell proliferation. In prostate cancer cells, STAP-2 interacts with and stabilizes epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) after stimulation, resulting in the upregulation of EGFR signaling, which contributes to cancer-cell proliferation and tumor progression. Therefore, inhibition of the interaction between STAP-2 and BRK/EGFR may be a possible therapeutic strategy for these cancers. For this purpose, peptides that interfere with STAP-2/BRK/EGFR binding may have great potential. Indeed, the identified peptide inhibitor successfully suppressed the STAP-2/EGFR protein interaction, EGFR stabilization, and cancer-cell growth. Furthermore, the peptide inhibitor suppressed tumor formation in human prostate- and lung-cancer cell lines in a murine xenograft model. This review focuses on the inhibitory peptide as a promising candidate for the treatment of prostate and lung cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taiga Maemoto
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Yuto Sasaki
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Fumiya Okuyama
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Yuichi Kitai
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Kenji Oritani
- Departmrnt of Hematology, International University of Health and Welfare, Narita 286-8686, Japan
| | - Tadashi Matsuda
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
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4
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Kashiwakura JI, Matsuda T. [Understanding New Regulatory Mechanism of TCR Signal Transduction]. YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 2024; 144:497-501. [PMID: 38692923 DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.23-00154-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Signal-transducing adaptor protein-2 (STAP-2) is a unique scaffold protein that regulates several immunological signaling pathways, including LIF/LIF receptor and LPS/TLR4 signals. STAP-2 is required for Fas/FasL-dependent T cell apoptosis and SDF-1α-induced T cell migration. Conversely, STAP-2 modulates integrin-mediated T cell adhesion, suggesting that STAP-2 is essential for several negative and positive T cell functions. However, whether STAP-2 is involved in T cell-antigen receptor (TCR)-mediated T cell activation is unknown. STAP-2 deficiency was recently reported to suppress TCR-mediated T cell activation by inhibiting LCK-mediated CD3ζ and ZAP-70 activation. Using STAP-2 deficient mice, it was demonstrated that STAP-2 is required for the pathogenesis of Propionibacterium acnes-induced granuloma formation and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Here, detailed functions of STAP-2 in TCR-mediated T cell activation, and how STAP-2 affects the pathogenesis of T cell-mediated inflammation and immune diseases, are reviewed.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Humans
- Mice
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/physiology
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/metabolism
- Apoptosis
- CD3 Complex
- Cell Adhesion
- Cell Movement
- Chemokine CXCL12/physiology
- Chemokine CXCL12/metabolism
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/immunology
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/etiology
- Inflammation/immunology
- Lymphocyte Activation
- Lymphocyte Specific Protein Tyrosine Kinase p56(lck)/physiology
- Lymphocyte Specific Protein Tyrosine Kinase p56(lck)/metabolism
- Propionibacterium acnes/physiology
- Propionibacterium acnes/immunology
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/physiology
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- ZAP-70 Protein-Tyrosine Kinase/metabolism
- ZAP-70 Protein-Tyrosine Kinase/physiology
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Ichi Kashiwakura
- Department of Life Science, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University of Science
| | - Tadashi Matsuda
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University
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Kashiwakura JI, Kawahara S, Inagaki I, Inui K, Saitoh K, Kagohashi K, Sasaki Y, Kobayashi F, Kitai Y, Muromoto R, Oritani K, Matsuda T. STAP-2 negatively regulates BCR-mediated B cell activation by recruiting tyrosine-protein kinase CSK to LYN. FEBS Lett 2023; 597:2433-2445. [PMID: 37669828 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
Although signal-transducing adaptor protein-2 (STAP-2) acts in certain immune responses, its role in B cell receptor (BCR)-mediated signals remains unknown. In this study, we have revealed that BCR-mediated signals, cytokine production and antibody production were increased in STAP-2 knockout (KO) mice compared with wild-type (WT) mice. Phosphorylation of tyrosine-protein kinase LYN Y508 was reduced in STAP-2 KO B cells after BCR stimulation. Mechanistic analysis revealed that STAP-2 directly binds to LYN, dependently of STAP-2 Y250 phosphorylation by LYN. Furthermore, phosphorylation of STAP-2 enhanced interactions between LYN and tyrosine-protein kinase CSK, resulting in enhanced CSK-mediated LYN Y508 phosphorylation. These results suggest that STAP-2 is crucial for controlling BCR-mediated signals and antibody production by enhanced CSK-mediated feedback regulation of LYN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Ichi Kashiwakura
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
- Department of Life Science, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University of Science, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Shoya Kawahara
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Iori Inagaki
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Kyosuke Inui
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Kodai Saitoh
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Kota Kagohashi
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Yuto Sasaki
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Fuki Kobayashi
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Yuichi Kitai
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Ryuta Muromoto
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Kenji Oritani
- Department of Hematology, International University of Health and Welfare, Narita, Chiba, Japan
| | - Tadashi Matsuda
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
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6
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Sasaki Y, Saitoh K, Kagohashi K, Ose T, Kawahara S, Kitai Y, Muromoto R, Sekine Y, Ichii M, Yoshimura A, Oritani K, Kashiwakura JI, Matsuda T. STAP-2-Derived Peptide Suppresses TCR-Mediated Signals to Initiate Immune Responses. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2023; 211:755-766. [PMID: 37417746 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2200942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
Signal-transducing adaptor protein-2 (STAP-2) is an adaptor protein that contains pleckstrin and Src homology 2-like domains, as well as a proline-rich region in its C-terminal region. Our previous study demonstrated that STAP-2 positively regulates TCR signaling by associating with TCR-proximal CD3ζ ITAMs and the lymphocyte-specific protein tyrosine kinase. In this study, we identify the STAP-2 interacting regions of CD3ζ ITAMs and show that the STAP-2-derived synthetic peptide (iSP2) directly interacts with the ITAM sequence and blocks the interactions between STAP-2 and CD3ζ ITAMs. Cell-penetrating iSP2 was delivered into human and murine T cells. iSP2 suppressed cell proliferation and TCR-induced IL-2 production. Importantly, iSP2 treatment suppressed TCR-mediated activation of naive CD4+ T cells and decreased immune responses in CD4+ T cell-mediated experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. It is likely that iSP2 is a novel immunomodulatory tool that modulates STAP-2-mediated activation of TCR signaling and represses the progression of autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuto Sasaki
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kodai Saitoh
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kota Kagohashi
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Toyoyuki Ose
- Faculty of Advanced Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Shoya Kawahara
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yuichi Kitai
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Ryuta Muromoto
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yuichi Sekine
- Department of Cell Biology, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Michiko Ichii
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Akihiko Yoshimura
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenji Oritani
- Department of Hematology, International University of Health and Welfare, Narita, Japan
| | - Jun-Ichi Kashiwakura
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Department of Life Science, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University of Science, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Tadashi Matsuda
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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7
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Wang YS, Chen YT, Wu CY. Functional characterization of stap2b in zebrafish vascular development. FASEB J 2023; 37:e23053. [PMID: 37342918 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202201314rrr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
The genetic control and signaling pathways of vascular development are not comprehensively understood. Transcription factors Islet2 (Isl2) and nr2f1b are critical for vascular growth in zebrafish, and further transcriptome analysis has revealed potential targets regulated by isl2/nr2f1b. In this study, we focused on the potential activation gene signal-transducing adaptor protein 2b (stap2b) and revealed a novel role of stap2b in vascular development. stap2b mRNA was expressed in developing vessels, suggesting stap2b plays a role in vascularization. Knocking down stap2b expression by morpholino injection or Crispr-Cas9-generated stap2b mutants caused vascular defects, suggesting a role played by stap2b in controlling the patterning of intersegmental vessels (ISVs) and the caudal vein plexus (CVP). The vessel abnormalities associated with stap2b deficiency were found to be due to dysregulated cell migration and proliferation. The decreased expression of vascular-specific markers in stap2b morphants was consistent with the vascular defects observed. In contrast, overexpression of stap2b enhanced the growth of ISVs and reversed the vessel defects in stap2b morphants. These data suggest that stap2b is necessary and sufficient to promote vascular development. Finally, we examined the interaction between stap2b and multiple signaling. We showed that stap2b regulated ISV growth through the JAK-STAT pathway. Moreover, we found that stap2b was regulated by Notch signaling to control ISV growth, and stap2b interacted with bone morphogenetic protein signaling to contribute to CVP formation. Altogether, we demonstrated that stap2b acts downstream of the isl2/nr2f1b pathway to play a pivotal role in vascular development via interaction with multiple signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Shan Wang
- Doctoral Degree Program in Marine Biotechnology, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Doctoral Degree Program in Marine Biotechnology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ting Chen
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Yi Wu
- Doctoral Degree Program in Marine Biotechnology, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Doctoral Degree Program in Marine Biotechnology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Kashiwakura JI, Oritani K, Matsuda T. The Functional Properties and Physiological Roles of Signal-Transducing Adaptor Protein-2 in the Pathogenesis of Inflammatory and Immune Disorders. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10123079. [PMID: 36551835 PMCID: PMC9776019 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10123079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Adaptor molecules play a crucial role in signal transduction in immune cells. Several adaptor molecules, such as the linker for the activation of T cells (LAT) and SH2 domain-containing leukocyte protein of 76 kDa (SLP-76), are essential for T cell development and activation following T cell receptor (TCR) aggregation, suggesting that adaptor molecules are good therapeutic targets for T cell-mediated immune disorders, such as autoimmune diseases and allergies. Signal-transducing adaptor protein (STAP)-2 is a member of the STAP family of adaptor proteins. STAP-2 functions as a scaffold for various intracellular proteins, including BRK, signal transducer, and activator of transcription (STAT)3, STAT5, and myeloid differentiation primary response protein (MyD88). In T cells, STAP-2 is involved in stromal cell-derived factor (SDF)-1α-induced migration, integrin-dependent cell adhesion, and Fas-mediated apoptosis. We previously reported the critical function of STAP-2 in TCR-mediated T cell activation and T cell-mediated autoimmune diseases. Here, we review how STAP-2 affects the pathogenesis of T cell-mediated inflammation and immune diseases in order to develop novel STAP-2-targeting therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-ichi Kashiwakura
- Department of Life Science, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University of Science, Sapporo 0068585, Hokkaido, Japan
- Correspondence: (J.-i.K.); (T.M.); Tel.: +81-11-676-8738 (J.-i.K.); +81-11-706-3243 (T.M.); Fax: +81-11-676-8666 (J.-i.K.); +81-11-706-4990 (T.M.)
| | - Kenji Oritani
- Department of Hematology, International University of Health and Welfare, Narita 2868686, Chiba, Japan
| | - Tadashi Matsuda
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 0600812, Hokkaido, Japan
- Correspondence: (J.-i.K.); (T.M.); Tel.: +81-11-676-8738 (J.-i.K.); +81-11-706-3243 (T.M.); Fax: +81-11-676-8666 (J.-i.K.); +81-11-706-4990 (T.M.)
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9
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Saitoh K, Kashiwakura JI, Kagohashi K, Sasaki Y, Kawahara S, Sekine Y, Kitai Y, Muromoto R, Ichii M, Nakatsukasa H, Yoshimura A, Oritani K, Matsuda T. STAP-2 Is a Novel Positive Regulator of TCR-Proximal Signals. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2022; 209:57-68. [PMID: 35725273 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2101014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
TCR ligation with an Ag presented on MHC molecules promotes T cell activation, leading to the selection, differentiation, and proliferation of T cells and cytokine production. These immunological events are optimally arranged to provide appropriate responses against a variety of pathogens. We here propose signal-transducing adaptor protein-2 (STAP-2) as a new positive regulator of TCR signaling. STAP-2-deficient T cells showed reduced, whereas STAP-2-overexpressing T cells showed enhanced, TCR-mediated signaling and downstream IL-2 production. For the mechanisms, STAP-2 associated with TCR-proximal CD3ζ immunoreceptor tyrosine activation motifs and phosphorylated LCK, resulting in enhancement of their binding after TCR stimulation. In parallel, STAP-2 expression is required for full activation of downstream TCR signaling. Importantly, STAP-2-deficient mice exhibited slight phenotypes of CD4+ T-cell-mediated inflammatory diseases, such as experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, whereas STAP-2-overexpressing transgenic mice showed severe phenotypes of these diseases. Together, STAP-2 is an adaptor protein to enhance TCR signaling; therefore, manipulating STAP-2 will have an ability to improve the treatment of patients with autoimmune diseases as well as the chimeric Ag receptor T cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kodai Saitoh
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Jun-Ichi Kashiwakura
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Kota Kagohashi
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Yuto Sasaki
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Shoya Kawahara
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Yuichi Sekine
- Department of Cell Biology, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yuichi Kitai
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Ryuta Muromoto
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Michiko Ichii
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroko Nakatsukasa
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-Ku, Tokyo, Japan; and
| | - Akihiko Yoshimura
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-Ku, Tokyo, Japan; and
| | - Kenji Oritani
- Department of Hematology, International University of Health and Welfare, Narita, Chiba, Japan
| | - Tadashi Matsuda
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan;
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10
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Zhou Q, Gong J, Bi J, Yang X, Zhang L, Lu C, Li L, Chen M, Cai J, Yang R, Li X, Li Z, Wang X. Keratinocyte growth factor-2 regulates signal-transducing adaptor protein-2-mediated signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 signaling and reduces skin scar formation. J Invest Dermatol 2022; 142:2003-2013.e5. [PMID: 34999107 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2021.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Hypertrophic scar (HS) is a common complication of burns, skin trauma, and postoperative trauma, which involves excessive proliferation of fibroblasts and accumulation of a large amount of disorganized collagen fibers and extracellular matrix (ECM). Keratinocyte growth factor-2 (KGF-2) plays important roles in the regulation of cellular homeostasis and wound healing. In this study, we investigate the effect and underlying mechanism of KGF-2 on scar formation following wound healing both in vitro and in vivo. We show that KGF-2 attenuates mechanical stress-induced scar formation while promoting wound healing. Mechanistically, KGF-2 inhibits STAP2 expression and STAT3 activation, leading to significantly reduced COLI and COLIII levels. Our results provide a insight into the role of KGF-2 in wound healing and scar formation, and the therapeutic potential for reducing scarring while promoting wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingde Zhou
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China; School of Pharmacological Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Chashan University Park, Wenzhou, 325035, China; Laboratory of Zhejiang province for pharmaceutical Engineering and development of growth factors, Collaborative Biomedical Innovation Center of Wenzhou, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Jianxiang Gong
- School of Pharmacological Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Chashan University Park, Wenzhou, 325035, China; Laboratory of Zhejiang province for pharmaceutical Engineering and development of growth factors, Collaborative Biomedical Innovation Center of Wenzhou, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Jianing Bi
- School of Pharmacological Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Chashan University Park, Wenzhou, 325035, China; Laboratory of Zhejiang province for pharmaceutical Engineering and development of growth factors, Collaborative Biomedical Innovation Center of Wenzhou, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Xuanxin Yang
- School of Pharmacological Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Chashan University Park, Wenzhou, 325035, China; Laboratory of Zhejiang province for pharmaceutical Engineering and development of growth factors, Collaborative Biomedical Innovation Center of Wenzhou, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Li Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Chao Lu
- School of Pharmacological Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Chashan University Park, Wenzhou, 325035, China; Laboratory of Zhejiang province for pharmaceutical Engineering and development of growth factors, Collaborative Biomedical Innovation Center of Wenzhou, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Lijia Li
- School of Pharmacological Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Chashan University Park, Wenzhou, 325035, China; Laboratory of Zhejiang province for pharmaceutical Engineering and development of growth factors, Collaborative Biomedical Innovation Center of Wenzhou, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Min Chen
- School of Pharmacological Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Chashan University Park, Wenzhou, 325035, China; Laboratory of Zhejiang province for pharmaceutical Engineering and development of growth factors, Collaborative Biomedical Innovation Center of Wenzhou, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Jianqiu Cai
- School of Pharmacological Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Chashan University Park, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Rongshuai Yang
- School of Pharmacological Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Chashan University Park, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Xiaokun Li
- School of Pharmacological Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Chashan University Park, Wenzhou, 325035, China; Laboratory of Zhejiang province for pharmaceutical Engineering and development of growth factors, Collaborative Biomedical Innovation Center of Wenzhou, Wenzhou, 325035, China; Research Units of Clinical Translation of Cell Growth Factors and Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Science
| | - Zhiming Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China.
| | - Xiaojie Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China; School of Pharmacological Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Chashan University Park, Wenzhou, 325035, China; Laboratory of Zhejiang province for pharmaceutical Engineering and development of growth factors, Collaborative Biomedical Innovation Center of Wenzhou, Wenzhou, 325035, China; Research Units of Clinical Translation of Cell Growth Factors and Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Science.
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Ichii M, Oritani K, Toda J, Hosen N, Matsuda T, Kanakura Y. Signal-transducing adaptor protein-1 and protein-2 in hematopoiesis and diseases. Exp Hematol 2021; 105:10-17. [PMID: 34780812 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2021.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory and immune signals are involved in stressed hematopoiesis under myeloablation, infection, chronic inflammation, and aging. These signals also affect malignant pathogenesis, and the dysregulated immune environment which causes the resistance to treatment. On activation, various types of protein tyrosine kinases in the cytoplasm mediate the cascade, leading to the transcription of target genes in the nucleus. Adaptor molecules are commonly defined as proteins that lack enzymatic activity, DNA-binding or receptor functions and possess protein-protein or protein-lipid interaction domains. By binding to specific domains of signaling molecules, adaptor proteins adjust the signaling responses after the ligation of receptors of soluble factors, including cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors, as well as pattern recognition receptors such as toll-like receptors. The signal-transducing adaptor protein (STAP) family regulates various intracellular signaling pathways. These proteins have a pleckstrin homology domain in the N-terminal region and an SRC-homology 2-like domain in the central region, representing typical binding structures as adapter proteins. Following the elucidation of the effects of STAPs on terminally differentiated immune cells, such as macrophages, T cells, mast cells, and basophils, recent findings have indicated the critical roles of STAP-2 in B-cell progenitor cells in marrow under hematopoietic stress and STAP-1 and -2 in BCR-ABL-transduced leukemogenesis. In this review, we focus on the role of STAPs in the bone marrow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michiko Ichii
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan.
| | - Kenji Oritani
- Department of Hematology, Graduate School of Medical Science, International University of Health and Welfare, Narita, Japan
| | - Jun Toda
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Naoki Hosen
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan; Laboratory of Cellular Immunotherapy, World Premier International Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Japan; Integrated Frontier Research for Medical Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives (OTRI), Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Tadashi Matsuda
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yuzuru Kanakura
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan; Sumitomo Hospital, Osaka, Japan
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12
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Matsuda T, Oritani K. STAP-2 Adaptor Protein Regulates Multiple Steps of Immune and Inflammatory Responses. Biol Pharm Bull 2021; 44:895-901. [PMID: 34193686 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b21-00224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Signal-transducing adaptor protein (STAP)-2 is an adaptor molecule involved in regulation of several intracellular signaling events in immune cells. STAP-2 contains a pleckstrin homology domain at the N-terminus, an src homology domain in the central portion and a proline-rich region at the C-terminus. STAP-2 also has a YXXQ motif, which is a potential signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)3-binding site. STAP-2 influences the STAT3 and STAT5 activity, integrin-mediated T cell adhesion, chemokine-induced T cell migration, Fas-mediated T cell apoptosis, Toll-like receptor-mediated macrophage functions, macrophage colony-stimulating factor-induced macrophage activation, and the high-affinity immunoglobulin E receptor-mediated mast cell activation. This article reviews the current understanding of roles of the STAP-2 during immune and/or inflammatory responses, and discusses possible therapeutic applications of targeting STAP-2 proteins in immune-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadashi Matsuda
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University
| | - Kenji Oritani
- Department of Hematology, International University of Health and Welfare
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13
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Bai X, Yang W, Luan X, Li H, Li H, Tian D, Fan W, Li J, Wang B, Liu W, Sun L. Induction of cyclophilin A by influenza A virus infection facilitates group A Streptococcus coinfection. Cell Rep 2021; 35:109159. [PMID: 34010655 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
During influenza A epidemics, bacterial coinfection is a major cause of increased morbidity and mortality. However, the roles of host factors in regulating influenza A virus (IAV)-triggered bacterial coinfection remain elusive. Cyclophilin A (CypA) is an important regulator of infection and immunity. Here, we show that IAV-induced CypA expression facilitates group A Streptococcus (GAS) coinfection both in vitro and in vivo. Upon IAV infection, CypA interacts with focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and inhibited E3 ligase cCbl-mediated, K48-linked ubiquitination of FAK, which positively regulates integrin α5 expression and actin rearrangement via the FAK/Akt signaling pathway to facilitate GAS colonization and invasion. Notably, CypA deficiency or inhibition by cyclosporine A significantly inhibits IAV-triggered GAS coinfection in mice. Collectively, these findings reveal that CypA is critical for GAS infection, and induction of CypA expression is another way for IAV to promote bacterial coinfection, suggesting that CypA is a promising therapeutic target for the secondary bacterial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyuan Bai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wenxian Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaohan Luan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Huizi Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Heqiao Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Deyu Tian
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Wenhui Fan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jing Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Beinan Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wenjun Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Institute of Microbiology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Guangdong 518107, China.
| | - Lei Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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Uwada J, Mukai S, Terada N, Nakazawa H, Islam MS, Nagai T, Fujii M, Yamasaki K, Taniguchi T, Kamoto T, Yazawa T. Pleiotropic effects of probenecid on three-dimensional cultures of prostate cancer cells. Life Sci 2021; 278:119554. [PMID: 33932444 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Chemoresistance remains a persistent challenge in advanced prostate cancer therapy. Probenecid reportedly inhibits multiple drug-efflux transporters; hence, it can be employed as a potential sensitizer for chemotherapy. In the present study, we evaluated the effects of probenecid on three-dimensional (3D)-cultures of prostate cancer cells. MAIN METHODS Prostate cancer cell lines, 22Rv1 and PC-3 were cultured as multicellular tumor spheroids. The effects of probenecid were evaluated using the MTT assay for viability, microscopy for spheroid size, and soft agar colony formation assay for anchorage-independent growth. KEY FINDINGS The 3D-cultured 22Rv1 cells were less sensitive to cisplatin and doxorubicin than two-dimensional (2D) cell culture. Co-administration of probenecid at a low (100 or 300 μM), but not high (500 μM), concentration increased the sensitivity to cisplatin or doxorubicin in 22Rv1 spheroids. Probenecid increased the expression of ABCG2, a multidrug resistance transporter, in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, treatment with probenecid alone reduced the growth of 22Rv1 spheroids. Conversely, probenecid inhibited spheroid compaction rather than growth inhibition in 3D-cultured PC-3 cells. Moreover, probenecid inhibited colony formation of 22Rv1 and PC-3 cells in soft agar, as well as downregulated focal adhesion kinase (FAK), a crucial factor in anchorage-independent growth. SIGNIFICANCE In 3D-cultured prostate cancer cells, probenecid demonstrated pleiotropic effects such as chemosensitization, growth suppression, inhibition of spheroid compaction, and suppression of anchorage-independent growth. Elucidating the detailed mechanism underlying these probenecid actions could result in the identification of novel therapeutic targets toward the advanced prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junsuke Uwada
- Department of Biochemistry, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa 078-8510, Japan.
| | - Shoichiro Mukai
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Kiyotake, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan
| | - Naoki Terada
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Kiyotake, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan
| | - Hitomi Nakazawa
- Department of Functional Anatomy and Neuroscience, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa 078-8510, Japan
| | | | - Takahiro Nagai
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Kiyotake, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan
| | - Masato Fujii
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Kiyotake, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan
| | - Koji Yamasaki
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Kiyotake, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan
| | | | - Toshiyuki Kamoto
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Kiyotake, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan
| | - Takashi Yazawa
- Department of Biochemistry, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa 078-8510, Japan
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Ichii M, Oritani K, Toda J, Saito H, Shi H, Shibayama H, Motooka D, Kitai Y, Muromoto R, Kashiwakura JI, Saitoh K, Okuzaki D, Matsuda T, Kanakura Y. Signal-transducing adaptor protein-2 delays recovery of B lineage lymphocytes during hematopoietic stress. Haematologica 2021; 106:424-436. [PMID: 31974192 PMCID: PMC7849758 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2019.225573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Signal-transducing adaptor protein-2 (STAP-2) was discovered as a C-FMS/M-CSFR interacting protein and subsequently found to function as an adaptor of signaling or transcription factors. These include STAT5, MyD88 and IB kinase in macrophages, mast cells, and T cells. There is additional information about roles for STAP-2 in several types of malignant diseases including chronic myeloid leukemia; however, none have been reported concerning B-lineage lymphocytes. We have now exploited gene targeted and transgenic mice to address this lack of knowledge, and demonstrated that STAP-2 is not required under normal, steadystate conditions. However, recovery of B cells following transplantation was augmented in the absence of STAP-2. This appeared to be restricted to cells of B-cell lineage with myeloid rebound noted as unremarkable. Furthermore, all hematologic parameters were observed to be normal once recovery from transplantation was complete. In addition, overexpression of STAP-2, specifically in lymphoid cells, resulted in reduced numbers of latestage B-cell progenitors within the bone marrow. While numbers of mature peripheral B and T cells were unaffected, recovery from sub-lethal irradiation or transplantation was dramatically reduced. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) normally suppresses B precursor expansion in response to interleukin 7; however, STAP-2 deficiency made these cells more resistant. Preliminary RNA-sequencing analyses indicated multiple signaling pathways in B progenitors to be STAP-2-dependent. These findings suggest that STAP-2 modulates formation of B lymphocytes in demand conditions. Further study of this adapter protein could reveal ways to speed recovery of humoral immunity following chemotherapy or transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michiko Ichii
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Kenji Oritani
- Department of Hematology, International University of Health and Welfare, Narita, Japan
| | - Jun Toda
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Hideaki Saito
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Henyun Shi
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Hirohiko Shibayama
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Daisuke Motooka
- Genome Information Research Center, Res Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Japan
| | - Yuichi Kitai
- Dept of Immunology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Ryuta Muromoto
- Dept of Immunology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Jun-Ichi Kashiwakura
- Dept of Immunology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kodai Saitoh
- Dept of Immunology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Daisuke Okuzaki
- Genome Information Research Center, Res Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Japan
| | - Tadashi Matsuda
- Dept of Immunology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yuzuru Kanakura
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
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Graft-versus-host disease develops in mice transplanted with lymphocyte-depleted bone marrow cells from signal-transducing adaptor protein-2 transgenic mice. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 537:118-124. [PMID: 33388414 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.12.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is the most frequent complication after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), and is one of the major causes of non-relapse mortality. Transferred mature lymphocytes are thought to be responsible for GVHD based on the findings that mice transplanted with lymphocyte-depleted bone marrow (BM) cells from MHC-mismatched donors do not develop GVHD. However, we found that overexpression of signal-transducing adaptor protein (STAP)-2 in lymphoid cells could induce GVHD after lymphocyte-depleted BM transplantation. To examine the function of STAP-2, which has been shown to play an important role in development and function of lymphocytes, in GVHD, we transplanted BM cells from STAP-2 deficient, or Lck promoter/IgH enhancer-driven STAP-2 transgenic (Tg) mice into MHC-mismatched recipients. Unexpectedly, mice transplanted with lymphocyte-depleted BM cells from STAP-2 Tg mice developed severe acute GVHD with extensive colitis and atrophy of thymus, while no obvious GVHD developed in mice transplanted with the wild type or STAP-2 deficient graft. Furthermore, mice transplanted with lymphocyte-depleted BM cells from the syngeneic STAP-2 Tg mice developed modest GVHD with colitis and atrophy of thymus. These results suggest that STAP-2 overexpression may enhance survival of allo-, and even auto-, reactive lymphocytes derived from engrafted hematopoietic progenitor cells in lethally irradiated mice, and that clarification of the mechanism may help understanding induction of immune tolerance after HSCT.
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Expression of signal-transducing adaptor protein-1 attenuates experimental autoimmune hepatitis via down-regulating activation and homeostasis of invariant natural killer T cells. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0241440. [PMID: 33175848 PMCID: PMC7657518 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0241440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Signal-transducing adaptor protein (STAP) family members function as adaptor molecules and are involved in several events during immune responses. Notably however, the biological functions of STAP-1 in other cells are not known. We aimed to investigate the functions of STAP-1 in invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells and iNKT cell-dependent hepatitis. Methods We employed concanavalin A (Con A)-induced hepatitis and α-galactosylceramide (α-GalCer)-induced hepatitis mouse models, both are models of iNKT cell-dependent autoimmune hepatitis, and STAP-1 overexpressing 2E10 cells to investigate the role of STAP-1 in iNKT cell activation in vivo an in vitro, respectively. Results After Con A- or α-GalCer-injection, hepatocyte necrotic areas and plasma alanine aminotransferase elevation were more severe in STAP-1 knockout (S1KO) mice and milder in lymphocyte-specific STAP-1 transgenic (S1Tg) mice, as compared to wild-type (WT) mice. Two events that may be related to Con A-induced and/or α-GalCer-induced hepatitis were influenced by STAP-1 manipulation. One is that iNKT cell populations in the livers and spleens were increased in S1KO mice and were decreased in S1Tg mice. The other is that Con A-induced interleukin-4 and interferon-γ production was attenuated by STAP-1 overexpression. These effects of STAP-1 were confirmed using 2E10 cells overexpressing STAP-1 that showed impairment of interleukin-4 and interferon-γ production as well as phosphorylation of Akt and mitogen-activated protein kinases in response to Con A stimulation. Conclusions These results conclude that STAP-1 regulates iNKT cell maintenance/activation, and is involved in the pathogenesis of autoimmune hepatitis.
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BommaReddy RR, Patel R, Smalley T, Acevedo-Duncan M. Effects of Atypical Protein Kinase C Inhibitor (DNDA) on Lung Cancer Proliferation and Migration by PKC-ι/FAK Ubiquitination Through the Cbl-b Pathway. Onco Targets Ther 2020; 13:1661-1676. [PMID: 32158232 PMCID: PMC7047975 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s224866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose The options for treating lung cancers are limited, as diagnosis typically occurs during the late stages of the disease. There is a dire need to develop aPKC (atypical Protein Kinase C) inhibitors due to aPKC overexpression and contributions to lung cancer malignancies. In this study, we investigate the role of atypical PKCs (aPKCs) in cell proliferation and migration in lung cancer cell lines and the effect of the novel aPKC inhibitor DNDA (3,4-amino-2,7 napthalene disulfonic acid). Methods The normal and lung cancer cells were treated with various concentrations of DNDA. We used a WST assay to determine lung cell viability, then analyzed cell apoptosis through Annexin V/PI staining and flow cytometry. Immunoprecipitation determined the proteins' associations, and Western blot allowed testing of the expression of interest proteins. We also employed the UbiTest to identify the ubiquitination of the FAK. The scratch and transwell assays measured cell migration and invasion of lung cancer cells. Results Our data from cell viability and flow cytometry showed a significant reduction in cell proliferation and induction of apoptosis with DNDA treatment in lung cancer cells, as well as no toxic effect on normal BEAS-2B lung cells. Western blot results showed that the phosphorylation of PKC-iota and phosphorylation of FAK decreased in A549 lung cancer cells upon DNDA treatment. Immunoprecipitation (IP) data revealed an association of PKC-ι with FAK and FAK with Casitas B-lineage lymphoma proto-oncogene-b (Cbl-b). UbiTest results suggest that PKC-ι regulates FAK cleavage through its ubiquitination by Cbl-b, thereby inhibiting A549 lung cancer cells' migration. This was evident from scratch, invasion, and migration assays. Conclusion Our study data suggest that DNDA inhibits cell proliferation and induces apoptosis in lung cancer cells. Moreover, DNDA inhibit A549 lung cancer cells' migration by PKC- ι/FAK ubiquitination via Cbl-b.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rekha Patel
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA
| | - Tracess Smalley
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA
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Kashiwakura JI, Yamashita S, Yoshihara M, Inui K, Saitoh K, Sekine Y, Muromoto R, Kitai Y, Oritani K, Matsuda T. STAP-2 positively regulates FcεRI-mediated basophil activation and basophil-dependent allergic inflammatory reactions. Int Immunol 2020; 31:349-356. [PMID: 30726917 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxz013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2018] [Revised: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Basophils are an important cell type in the regulation of Th2 immune responses. Recently, we revealed that signal-transducing adaptor protein-2 (STAP-2) negatively regulates mast cell activation via FcεRI. However, the role of STAP-2 in basophil maturation and activation remained unclear. In this study, we demonstrated the normal development of basophils in STAP-2-deficient (STAP-2-/-) mice. We also demonstrated in vitro normal basophil differentiation and FcεRI expression in STAP-2-/- mice, suggesting that STAP-2 is dispensable for basophil maturation. Using bone marrow-derived cultured basophils (BMBs), we showed that degranulation and cytokine production of STAP-2-/- BMBs were lower than those of wild-type (WT) BMBs upon stimulation with IgE/Ag. In accordance with the reduction of degranulation and cytokine production, phosphorylation of several signal molecules such as Lyn, PLC-γ2 and Erk was reduced in STAP-2-/- BMBs after stimulation via FcεRI. Finally, it was observed that IgE-dependent chronic allergic inflammation of STAP-2-/- mice was significantly inhibited compared with WT mice. Taken together, we conclude that STAP-2 is an adaptor molecule that positively regulates FcεRI-mediated basophil activation and basophil-dependent allergic inflammatory reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Ichi Kashiwakura
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12 Nishi-6, Kita-Ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Yamashita
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12 Nishi-6, Kita-Ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Mari Yoshihara
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12 Nishi-6, Kita-Ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Kyosuke Inui
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12 Nishi-6, Kita-Ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Kodai Saitoh
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12 Nishi-6, Kita-Ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Yuichi Sekine
- Program in Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration & Repair, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06536, USA
| | - Ryuta Muromoto
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12 Nishi-6, Kita-Ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Yuichi Kitai
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12 Nishi-6, Kita-Ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Kenji Oritani
- Department of Hematology, International University of Health and Welfare, 4-3 Kouzunomori, Narita, Chiba 286-8686, Japan
| | - Tadashi Matsuda
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12 Nishi-6, Kita-Ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
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20
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Muraoka D, Seo N, Hayashi T, Hyuga-Amaike C, Okamori K, Tawara I, Harada N, Shiku H. Signal-transducing adaptor protein-2 promotes generation of functional long-term memory CD8+ T cells by preventing terminal effector differentiation. Oncotarget 2018; 8:30766-30780. [PMID: 28430604 PMCID: PMC5458166 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Long-surviving memory CD8+ T cells generated by stimulation with appropriate tumor-associated antigens are the most aggressive and persistent tumoricidal effectors. In this event of memory CD8+ T cell development, the signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) proteins function as the crucial intracellular signaling molecules, but the regulatory mechanism of STATs in CD8+ T cells is not fully understood. In this study, we report for the first time, by using murine vaccination models, that signal-transducing adaptor protein-2 (STAP2) maintains the cytotoxicity of long-lived memory CD8+ T cells by controlling a STAT3/suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3) cascade. Following T cell activation, STAP2 expression was transiently reduced but was subsequently recovered and augmented. Analysis using small-interfering RNA (siRNA) demonstrated that restored STAP2 expression was associated with the activation of STAT3/SOCS3 signals and maintenance of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) secondary responses by preventing their differentiation into terminal effector cells. Notably, this STAP2-dependent memory differentiation was observed in the spleen, but not in the lymph nodes (LNs). These findings indicate an essential role for STAP2 in the generation of a high-quality memory CD8+ CTLs periphery, and suggest the therapeutic potential of STAP2 in cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Muraoka
- Department of Immuno-Gene Therapy, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Mie, Japan.,Center for Drug Discovery, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Naohiro Seo
- Department of Immuno-Gene Therapy, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Mie, Japan
| | - Tae Hayashi
- Department of Immuno-Gene Therapy, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Mie, Japan
| | - Chisaki Hyuga-Amaike
- Department of Immuno-Gene Therapy, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Mie, Japan
| | - Kana Okamori
- Department of Immuno-Gene Therapy, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Mie, Japan
| | - Isao Tawara
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Mie, Japan
| | - Naozumi Harada
- Department of Immuno-Gene Therapy, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Mie, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Shiku
- Department of Immuno-Gene Therapy, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Mie, Japan
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21
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Cho SSL, Han J, James SJ, Png CW, Weerasooriya M, Alonso S, Zhang Y. Dual-Specificity Phosphatase 12 Targets p38 MAP Kinase to Regulate Macrophage Response to Intracellular Bacterial Infection. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1259. [PMID: 29062315 PMCID: PMC5640881 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades are activated in innate immune cells such as macrophages upon the detection of microbial infection, critically regulating the expression of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines such as TNF-α, IL-6, and MCP-1. As a result, activation of MAPKs is tightly regulated to ensure appropriate and adequate immune responses. Dual-specificity phosphatases (DUSPs) are a family of proteins which specifically dephosphorylates threonine and tyrosine residues essential for MAPK activation to negatively regulate their activation. DUSP12 is a member of atypical DUSPs that lack MAPK-binding domain. Its substrate and function in immune cells are unknown. In this study, we demonstrated that DUSP12 is able to interact with all the three groups of MAPKs, including extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase, JNK, and p38. To investigate the function of DUSP12 in macrophages in response to TLR activation and microbial infection, we established RAW264.7 cell lines stably overexpressing DUSP12 and found that overexpression of DUSP12 inhibited proinflammatory cytokine and chemokine production in response to TLR4 activation, heat-inactivated Mycobacterium tuberculosis stimulation as well as infections by intracellular bacteria including Listeria moncytogenesis and Mycobacterium bovis BCG by specifically inhibiting p38 and JNK. In addition, a scaffold protein known as signal transducing adaptor protein 2 (STAP2), was found to mediate the interaction between DUSP12 and p38. Thus, DUSP12 is a bona fide MAPK phosphatase, playing an important role in MAPK-regulated responses to bacterial infection. Our study provides a model where atypical DUSPs regulate MAPKs via scaffold, thereby regulating immune responses to microbial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharol Su Lei Cho
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Singapore, Singapore.,Immunology Programme, Life Science Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jian Han
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Singapore, Singapore.,Immunology Programme, Life Science Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sharmy J James
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Singapore, Singapore.,Immunology Programme, Life Science Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chin Wen Png
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Singapore, Singapore.,Immunology Programme, Life Science Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Madhushanee Weerasooriya
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Singapore, Singapore.,Immunology Programme, Life Science Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sylvie Alonso
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Singapore, Singapore.,Immunology Programme, Life Science Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yongliang Zhang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Singapore, Singapore.,Immunology Programme, Life Science Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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22
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Kitai Y, Iwakami M, Saitoh K, Togi S, Isayama S, Sekine Y, Muromoto R, Kashiwakura JI, Yoshimura A, Oritani K, Matsuda T. STAP-2 protein promotes prostate cancer growth by enhancing epidermal growth factor receptor stabilization. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:19392-19399. [PMID: 28986450 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.802884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2017] [Revised: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Signal-transducing adaptor family member-2 (STAP-2) is an adaptor protein that regulates various intracellular signaling pathways and promotes tumorigenesis in melanoma and breast cancer cells. However, the contribution of STAP-2 to the behavior of other types of cancer cells is unclear. Here, we show that STAP-2 promotes tumorigenesis of prostate cancer cells through up-regulation of EGF receptor (EGFR) signaling. Tumor growth of a prostate cancer cell line, DU145, was strongly decreased by STAP-2 knockdown. EGF-induced gene expression and phosphorylation of AKT, ERK, and STAT3 were significantly decreased in STAP-2-knockdown DU145 cells. Mechanistically, we found that STAP-2 interacted with EGFR and enhanced its stability by inhibiting c-CBL-mediated EGFR ubiquitination. Our results indicate that STAP-2 promotes prostate cancer progression via facilitating EGFR activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuichi Kitai
- From the Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita 12, Nishi 6, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0812
| | - Masashi Iwakami
- From the Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita 12, Nishi 6, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0812
| | - Kodai Saitoh
- From the Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita 12, Nishi 6, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0812
| | - Sumihito Togi
- From the Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita 12, Nishi 6, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0812
| | - Serina Isayama
- From the Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita 12, Nishi 6, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0812
| | - Yuichi Sekine
- From the Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita 12, Nishi 6, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0812
| | - Ryuta Muromoto
- From the Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita 12, Nishi 6, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0812
| | - Jun-Ichi Kashiwakura
- From the Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita 12, Nishi 6, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0812
| | - Akihiko Yoshimura
- the the Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, and
| | - Kenji Oritani
- the Department of Hematology, International University of Health and Welfare, 4-3 Kouzunomori, Narita, Chiba 286-8686, Japan
| | - Tadashi Matsuda
- From the Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita 12, Nishi 6, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0812,
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23
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Saitoh K, Tsuchiya T, Kashiwakura JI, Muromoto R, Kitai Y, Sekine Y, Oritani K, Matsuda T. STAP-2 interacts with Pyk2 and enhances Pyk2 activity in T-cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 488:81-87. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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24
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Jafari N, Zheng Q, Li L, Li W, Qi L, Xiao J, Gao T, Huang C. p70S6K1 (S6K1)-mediated Phosphorylation Regulates Phosphatidylinositol 4-Phosphate 5-Kinase Type I γ Degradation and Cell Invasion. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:25729-25741. [PMID: 27780861 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.742742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Revised: 10/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate 5-kinase type I γ (PIPKIγ90) ubiquitination and subsequent degradation regulate focal adhesion assembly, cell migration, and invasion. However, it is unknown how upstream signals control PIPKIγ90 ubiquitination or degradation. Here we show that p70S6K1 (S6K1), a downstream target of mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR), phosphorylates PIPKIγ90 at Thr-553 and Ser-555 and that S6K1-mediated PIPKIγ90 phosphorylation is essential for cell migration and invasion. Moreover, PIPKIγ90 phosphorylation is required for the development of focal adhesions and invadopodia, key machineries for cell migration and invasion. Surprisingly, substitution of Thr-553 and Ser-555 with Ala promoted PIPKIγ90 ubiquitination but enhanced the stability of PIPKIγ90, and depletion of S6K1 also enhanced the stability of PIPKIγ90, indicating that PIPKIγ90 ubiquitination alone is insufficient for its degradation. These data suggest that S6K1-mediated PIPKIγ90 phosphorylation regulates cell migration and invasion by controlling PIPKIγ90 degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naser Jafari
- From the Markey Cancer Center and.,the Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Lexington, Kentucky 40502
| | | | | | - Wei Li
- From the Markey Cancer Center and
| | - Lei Qi
- From the Markey Cancer Center and
| | | | | | - Cai Huang
- From the Markey Cancer Center and .,the Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Lexington, Kentucky 40502.,the Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506 and
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25
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Fan Y, Qu X, Ma Y, Liu Y, Hu X. Cbl-b promotes cell detachment via ubiquitination of focal adhesion kinase. Oncol Lett 2016; 12:1113-1118. [PMID: 27446403 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.4730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cell detachment from the primary tumor site represents the first stage of metastasis. Previous studies have identified that cell detachment is triggered by cytoskeletal disruption, which may induce a wide variety of cellular changes. Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) exhibits crucial cellular functions, including regulation of the cytoskeleton. These observations have provided exciting insights into the effect of FAK in cell detachment; however, the involvement of FAK in cell detachment remains controversial. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of FAK and its function in the process of cell detachment. The results revealed that FAK expression was downregulated following trypsin treatment in human gastric, lung, colon and breast cancer cell lines, as well as a human gastric epithelial cell line. Knockdown of FAK enhanced cell detachment in gastric cancer MGC803 cells, indicating that FAK inhibits cell detachment. Further investigation revealed that trypsin induced monoubiquitination of FAK. In addition, the lysosome inhibitor, NH4Cl, decreased trypsin-induced degradation of FAK. Casitas B-lineage lymphoma-b (Cbl-b), an E3 ubiquitin ligase, was involved in this process, which interacted with FAK, as demonstrated by co-precipitation experiments, and promoted trypsin-induced ubiquitin-lysosome degradation of FAK. These results indicate that Cbl-b promotes cell detachment via ubiquitination of FAK. These findings provide novel insights regarding the effect of FAK and Cbl-b in the process of cancer cell detachment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yibo Fan
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Xiujuan Qu
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Yanju Ma
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Yunpeng Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Xuejun Hu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
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26
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Kubo K, Iwakami M, Muromoto R, Inagaki T, Kitai Y, Kon S, Sekine Y, Oritani K, Matsuda T. CCR7 is involved in BCR-ABL/STAP-2-mediated cell growth in hematopoietic Ba/F3 cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 463:825-31. [PMID: 26102025 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2015] [Accepted: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Chronic myeloid leukemia is a clonal disease characterized by the presence of the Philadelphia chromosome and its oncogenic product, BCR-ABL, which activates multiple pathways involved in cell survival, growth promotion, and disease progression. We previously reported that in murine hematopoietic Ba/F3 cells, signal transducing adaptor protein-2 (STAP-2) binds to BCR-ABL and up-regulates BCR-ABL phosphorylation, leading to enhanced activation of its downstream signaling molecules. The binding of STAP-2 to BCR-ABL also influenced the expression levels of chemokine receptors, such as CXCR4 and CCR7. For the induction of CCR7 expression, signals mediated by the MAPK/ERK pathway were critical in Ba/F3 cells expressing BCR-ABL and STAP-2. In addition, STAP-2 cooperated with BCR-ABL to induce the production of CCR7 ligands, CCL19 and CCL21. Our results demonstrate a contribution of CCR7 to STAP-2-dependent enhancement of BCR-ABL-mediated cell growth in Ba/F3 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaori Kubo
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Masashi Iwakami
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Ryuta Muromoto
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Takuya Inagaki
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Yuichi Kitai
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Shigeyuki Kon
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Yuichi Sekine
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Kenji Oritani
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Tadashi Matsuda
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan.
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27
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Sekine Y, Togi S, Muromoto R, Kon S, Kitai Y, Yoshimura A, Oritani K, Matsuda T. STAP-2 Protein Expression in B16F10 Melanoma Cells Positively Regulates Protein Levels of Tyrosinase, Which Determines Organs to Infiltrate in the Body. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:17462-73. [PMID: 26023234 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.658575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is the most serious type of skin cancer, with a highly metastatic phenotype. In this report, we show that signal transducing adaptor protein 2 (STAP-2) is involved in cell migration, proliferation, and melanogenesis as well as chemokine receptor expression and tumorigenesis in B16F10 melanoma cells. This was evident in mice injected with STAP-2 shRNA (shSTAP-2)-expressing B16F10 cells, which infiltrated organs in a completely different pattern from the original cells, showing massive colonization in the liver, kidney, and neck but not in the lung. The most important finding was that STAP-2 expression determined tyrosinase protein content. STAP-2 colocalized with tyrosinase in lysosomes and protected tyrosinase from protein degradation. It is noteworthy that B16F10 cells with knocked down tyrosinase showed similar cell characteristics as shSTAP-2 cells. These results indicated that tyrosinase contributed to some cellular events beyond melanogenesis. Taken together, one possibility is that STAP-2 positively regulates the protein levels of tyrosinase, which determines tumor invasion via controlling chemokine receptor expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuichi Sekine
- From the Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12 Nishi-6, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, 060-0812, Japan
| | - Sumihito Togi
- From the Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12 Nishi-6, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, 060-0812, Japan
| | - Ryuta Muromoto
- From the Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12 Nishi-6, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, 060-0812, Japan
| | - Shigeyuki Kon
- From the Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12 Nishi-6, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, 060-0812, Japan
| | - Yuichi Kitai
- From the Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12 Nishi-6, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, 060-0812, Japan
| | - Akihiko Yoshimura
- the Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-Ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Kenji Oritani
- the Department of Hematology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Tadashi Matsuda
- From the Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12 Nishi-6, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, 060-0812, Japan,
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28
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Verma NK, Kelleher D. Adaptor regulation of LFA-1 signaling in T lymphocyte migration: Potential druggable targets for immunotherapies? Eur J Immunol 2014; 44:3484-99. [PMID: 25251823 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201344428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2013] [Revised: 09/16/2014] [Accepted: 09/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The integrin lymphocyte function associated antigen-1 (LFA-1) plays a key role in leukocyte trafficking and in adaptive immune responses through interactions with adhesive ligands, such as ICAM-1. Specific blockade of these interactions has validated LFA-1 as a therapeutic target in many chronic inflammatory diseases, however LFA-1 antagonists have not been clinically successful due to the development of a general immunosuppression, causing fatal side effects. Growing evidence has now established that LFA-1 mediates an array of intracellular signaling pathways by triggering a number of downstream molecules. In this context, a class of multimodular domain-containing proteins capable of recruiting two or more effector molecules, collectively known as "adaptor proteins," has emerged as important mediators in LFA-1 signal transduction. Here, we provide an overview of the adaptor proteins involved in the intracellular signaling cascades by which LFA-1 regulates T-cell motility and immune responses. The complexity of the LFA-1-associated signaling delineated in this review suggests that it may be an important and challenging focus for future research, enabling the identification of "tunable" targets for the development of immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navin K Verma
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore; Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore
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29
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Fujita N, Oritani K, Ichii M, Yokota T, Saitoh N, Okuzaki D, Sekine Y, Kon S, Muromoto R, Saitoh K, Yoshimura A, Matsuda T, Kanakura Y. Signal-transducing adaptor protein-2 regulates macrophage migration into inflammatory sites during dextran sodium sulfate induced colitis. Eur J Immunol 2014; 44:1791-801. [PMID: 24733425 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201344239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2013] [Revised: 01/16/2014] [Accepted: 03/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Signal-transducing adaptor protein-2 (STAP-2) was cloned as a c-fms/M-CSF receptor interacting protein. STAP-2 is an adaptor protein carrying pleckstrin homology and Src homology 2 like domains, as well as a YXXQ motif. STAP-2 has been indicated to have an ability to bind and modulate a variety of signaling and transcriptional molecules. Especially, our previous in vitro studies showed that STAP-2 is crucial for immune and/or inflammatory responses. Here, we have investigated the role of STAP-2 in intestinal inflammation in vivo. The disruption of STAP-2 attenuates dextran sodium sulfate induced colitis via inhibition of macrophage recruitment. To study whether hematopoietic or epithelial cell derived STAP-2 is required for this phenomenon, we generated BM chimeric mice. STAP-2-deficient macrophages impair the ability of CXCL12-induced migration. Intriguingly, STAP-2 also regulates production of proinflammatory chemokines and cytokines such as CXCL1 and TNF-α from intestinal epithelial cells. Therefore, STAP-2 has a potential to regulate plural molecular events during pathological inflammatory responses. Furthermore, our findings not only indicate that STAP-2 is important in regulating intestinal inflammation, but also provide new insights toward the development of novel therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natsuko Fujita
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Osaka University Graduate School of medicine, Osaka, Japan
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30
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Sekine Y, Nishida K, Yamasaki S, Muromoto R, Kon S, Kashiwakura JI, Saitoh K, Togi S, Yoshimura A, Oritani K, Matsuda T. Signal-transducing adaptor protein-2 controls the IgE-mediated, mast cell-mediated anaphylactic responses. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 192:3488-95. [PMID: 24616480 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1300886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Signal-transducing adaptor protein-2 (STAP-2) is a recently identified adaptor protein that regulates immune and inflammatory responses through interactions with a variety of signaling and transcriptional molecules. In the current study, we clarified the physiological role of STAP-2 in mast cell function, a key mediator of IgE-associated allergic responses. STAP-2 is constitutively expressed in mast cells. STAP-2 deficiency in mast cells greatly enhances FcεRI-mediated signals, resulting in the increased tyrosine phosphorylation of the phospholipase C-γ isoform, calcium mobilization, and degranulation. Of importance, STAP-2-deficient mice challenged with DNP-BSA after passive sensitization with anti-DNP IgE show more severe rectal temperature decrease than do wild-type mice. STAP-2-deficient mice also show increased vascular permeability and more severe cutaneous anaphylaxis after DNP-BSA injection. These regulatory functions performed by STAP-2 indicate that there is an interaction between STAP-2 and FcεRI. In addition, our previous data indicate that STAP-2 binds to the phospholipase C-γ isoform and IκB kinase-β. Therefore, our data described in this article strongly suggest that manipulation of STAP-2 expression in mast cells may control the pathogenesis of allergic diseases and have the potential for treating patients with allergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuichi Sekine
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
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31
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Nguyen N, Yi JS, Park H, Lee JS, Ko YG. Mitsugumin 53 (MG53) ligase ubiquitinates focal adhesion kinase during skeletal myogenesis. J Biol Chem 2013; 289:3209-16. [PMID: 24344130 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.525154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The striated muscle-specific mitsugumin 53 (MG53) is a novel E3 ligase that induces the ubiquitination of insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS-1) during skeletal myogenesis, negatively regulating insulin-like growth factor and insulin signaling. Here we show that focal adhesion kinase (FAK) is the second target of MG53 during skeletal myogenesis. The FAK protein level gradually decreased, whereas its mRNA level was constant during myogenesis in C2C12 cells and MyoD-overexpressing mouse embryonic fibroblasts. The FAK protein was associated with the E2 enzyme UBE2H and the E3 enzyme MG53 in endogenous and exogenous immunoprecipitation experiments. FAK ubiquitination and degradation was induced by MG53 overexpression in myoblasts but abolished by MG53 or UBE2H knockdown in myotubes. Because RING-disrupted MG53 mutants (C14A and ΔR) did not induce FAK ubiquitination and degradation, the RING domain was determined to be required for MG53-induced FAK ubiquitination. Taken together, these data indicate that MG53 induces FAK ubiquitination with the aid of UBE2H during skeletal myogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nga Nguyen
- From the Division of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul 136-701, Korea
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Mathis L, Wernimont S, Affentranger S, Huttenlocher A, Niggli V. Determinants of phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 5-kinase type Iγ90 uropod location in T-lymphocytes and its role in uropod formation. PeerJ 2013; 1:e131. [PMID: 24010013 PMCID: PMC3757496 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2013] [Accepted: 07/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
We have previously identified phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 5-kinase type I (PIPKI)γ90 as a T cell uropod component. However, the molecular determinants and functional consequences of its localization remain unknown. In this report, we seek to better understand the mechanisms involved in PIPKIγ90 uropod targeting and the role that PIPKIγ90 plays in T cell uropod formation. During T cell activation, PIPKIγ90 cocaps with the membrane microdomain-associated proteins flotillin-1 and -2 and accumulates in the uropod. We report that the C-terminal 26 amino acid extension of PIPKIγ90 is required for its localization to the uropod. We further use T cells from PIPKIγ90(-/-) mice and human T cells expressing a kinase-dead PIPKIγ90 mutant to examine the role of PIPKIγ90 in a T cell uropod formation. We find that PIPKIγ90 deficient T cells have elongated uropods on ICAM-1. Moreover, in human T cells overexpression of PIPKIγ87, a naturally occurring isoform lacking the last 26 amino acids, suppresses uropod formation and impairs capping of uropod proteins such as flotillins. Transfection of human T cells with a dominant-negative mutant of flotillin-2 in turn attenuates capping of PIPKIγ90. Our data contribute to the understanding of the molecular mechanisms that regulate T cell uropod formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Mathis
- Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Sarah Wernimont
- Departments of Medical Microbiology and Immunology and Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States of America
| | | | - Anna Huttenlocher
- Departments of Medical Microbiology and Immunology and Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States of America
| | - Verena Niggli
- Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Lee H, Tsygankov AY. Cbl-family proteins as regulators of cytoskeleton-dependent phenomena. J Cell Physiol 2013; 228:2285-93. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.24412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2013] [Accepted: 05/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hojin Lee
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology; Sol Sherry Thrombosis Research Center and Fels Institute for Cancer Research; Temple University School of Medicine; Philadelphia Pennsylvania
| | - Alexander Y. Tsygankov
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology; Sol Sherry Thrombosis Research Center and Fels Institute for Cancer Research; Temple University School of Medicine; Philadelphia Pennsylvania
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Fonseca C, Voabil P, Carvalho AS, Matthiesen R. Tools for protein posttranslational modifications analysis: FAK, a case study. Methods Mol Biol 2013; 1007:335-58. [PMID: 23666734 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-62703-392-3_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in mass spectrometry have resulted in an exponential increase in annotation of posttranslational modifications (PTMs). Just in the Swiss-Prot Knowledgebase, there are 89,931 of a total of 27 characterized PTM types reported experimentally. A single protein can be dynamically modified during its lifetime for regulation of its function. Considering a PTM can occur at different levels and the number of different PTMs described, the number of possibilities for a single protein is unthinkable. Narrowing the study to a single PTM can be rather unmerited considering that most proteins are heavily modified. Currently crosstalk between PTMs is plentifully reported in the literature. The example of amino acids serine and threonine on one hand and lysine on the other hand, as targets of different modifications, demand a more global analysis approach of a protein. Besides the direct competition for the same amino acid, a PTM can directly or indirectly influence other PTMs in the same protein molecule by for example steric hindrance due to close proximity between the modifications or creation of a binding site such as an SH2 binding domain for protein recruitment and further modifications. Given the complexity of PTMs a number of tools have been developed to archive, analyze, and visualize modifications. VISUALPROT is presented here to demonstrate the usefulness of visualizing all annotated protein features such as amino acid content, domains, amino acid modification sites and single amino acid polymorphisms in a single image. VISUALPROT application is demonstrated for the protein focal adhesion kinase (FAK) as an example. FAK is a highly phosphorylated cytoplasmatic tyrosine kinase comprising different domains and regions. FAK is crucial for integrating signals from integrins and receptor tyrosine kinases in processes such as cell survival, proliferation, and motility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina Fonseca
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP), Porto, Portugal
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Frisan T, Coppotelli G, Dryselius R, Masucci MG. Ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase-L1 interacts with adhesion complexes and promotes cell migration, survival, and anchorage independent growth. FASEB J 2012; 26:5060-70. [PMID: 22932395 DOI: 10.1096/fj.12-211946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase-L1 (UCH-L1) is a deubiquitinating enzyme of unknown function that is highly expressed in neurons and overexpressed in several human cancers. UCH-L1 has been implicated in the regulation of phenotypic properties associated with malignant cell growth but the underlying mechanisms have not been elucidated. By comparing cells expressing catalytically active or inactive versions of UCH-L1, we found that the active enzyme enhances cell adhesion, spreading, and migration; inhibits anoikis; and promotes anchorage independent growth. UCH-L1 accumulates at the motile edge of the cell membrane during the initial phases of adhesion, colocalizes with focal adhesion kinase (FAK), p120-catenin, and vinculin, and enhances the formation of focal adhesions, which correlates with enhanced FAK activation. The involvement of UCH-L1 in the regulation of focal adhesions and adherens junctions is supported by coimmunoprecipitation with key components of these complexes, including FAK, paxillin, p120-catenin, β-catenin, and vinculin. UCH-L1 stabilizes focal adhesion signaling in the absence of adhesion, as assessed by reduced caspase-dependent cleavage of FAK following cell detachment and sustained activity of the AKT signaling pathway. These findings offer new insights on the molecular interactions through which the deubiquitinating enzyme regulates the survival, proliferation, and metastatic potential of malignant cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Frisan
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden, Box 285, S-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
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Sekine Y, Yamamoto C, Kakisaka M, Muromoto R, Kon S, Ashitomi D, Fujita N, Yoshimura A, Oritani K, Matsuda T. Signal-Transducing Adaptor Protein-2 Modulates Fas-Mediated T Cell Apoptosis by Interacting with Caspase-8. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2012; 188:6194-204. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1103467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Abstract
Post-translational modifications are used by cells to link additional information to proteins. Most modifications are subtle and concern small moieties such as a phosphate group or a lipid. In contrast, protein ubiquitylation entails the covalent attachment of a full-length protein such as ubiquitin. The protein ubiquitylation machinery is remarkably complex, comprising more than 15 Ubls (ubiquitin-like proteins) and several hundreds of ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes. Ubiquitin is best known for its role as a tag that induces protein destruction either by the proteasome or through targeting to lysosomes. However, addition of one or more Ubls also affects vesicular traffic, protein-protein interactions and signal transduction. It is by now well established that ubiquitylation is a component of most, if not all, cellular signalling pathways. Owing to its abundance in controlling cellular functions, ubiquitylation is also of key relevance to human pathologies, including cancer and inflammation. In the present review, we focus on its role in the control of cell adhesion, polarity and directional migration. It will become clear that protein modification by Ubls occurs at every level from the receptors at the plasma membrane down to cytoskeletal components such as actin, with differential consequences for the pathway's final output. Since ubiquitylation is fast as well as reversible, it represents a bona fide signalling event, which is used to fine-tune a cell's responses to receptor agonists.
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Racioppi L, Noeldner PK, Lin F, Arvai S, Means AR. Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase 2 regulates macrophage-mediated inflammatory responses. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:11579-91. [PMID: 22334678 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.336032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcium/calmodulin-dependent kinase kinase 2 (CaMKK2) plays a key role in regulating food intake and energy expenditure at least in part by its actions in hypothalamic neurons. Previously, we showed that loss of CaMKK2 protected mice from high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity and glucose intolerance. However, although pair feeding HFD to WT mice to match food consumption of CAMKK2-null mice slowed weight gain, it failed to protect from glucose intolerance. Here we show that relative to WT mice, HFD-fed CaMKK2-null mice are protected from inflammation in adipose and remain glucose-tolerant. Moreover, loss of CaMKK2 also protected mice from endotoxin shock and fulminant hepatitis. We explored the expression of CaMKK2 in immune cells and found it to be restricted to those of the monocyte/macrophage lineage. CaMKK2-null macrophages exhibited a remarkable deficiency to spread, phagocytose bacteria, and synthesize cytokines in response to the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) agonist lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Mechanistically, loss of CaMKK2 uncoupled the TLR4 cascade from activation of protein tyrosine kinase 2 (PYK2; also known as PTK2B). Our findings uncover an important function for CaMKK2 in mediating mechanisms that control the amplitude of macrophage inflammatory responses to excess nutrients or pathogen derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Racioppi
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA.
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39
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40
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Ikeda O, Mizushima A, Sekine Y, Yamamoto C, Muromoto R, Nanbo A, Oritani K, Yoshimura A, Matsuda T. Involvement of STAP-2 in Brk-mediated phosphorylation and activation of STAT5 in breast cancer cells. Cancer Sci 2011; 102:756-61. [PMID: 21205088 DOI: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.2010.01842.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Signal-transducing adaptor protein (STAP)-2 is a recently identified adaptor protein that contains Pleckstrin homology and Src homology 2-like domains, and is also known to be a substrate of breast tumor kinase (Brk). In a previous study, we found that STAP-2 upregulated Brk-mediated activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 3 in breast cancer cells. Here, we examined the involvement of STAP-2 in Brk-mediated STAT5 activation in breast cancer cells. Ectopic expression of STAP-2 induced Brk-mediated transcriptional activity of STAT5. Furthermore, STAP-2-knockdown in T47D breast cancer cells induced a marked decrease in proliferation that was as strong as that after Brk- or STAT5b-knockdown. Regarding the mechanism, the Pleckstrin homology domain of STAP-2 is likely to participate in the process by which Brk phosphorylates and activates STAT5. Taken together, our findings provide insights toward the development of novel therapeutic strategies as well as novel prognostic values in breast carcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osamu Ikeda
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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41
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Ubiquitination of alpha 5 beta 1 integrin controls fibroblast migration through lysosomal degradation of fibronectin-integrin complexes. Dev Cell 2010; 19:148-59. [PMID: 20643357 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2010.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2009] [Revised: 02/05/2010] [Accepted: 04/23/2010] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Cell migration requires endocytosis and recycling of integrins, but it is not known whether degradation of these membrane proteins is involved. Here we demonstrate that in migrating cells, a fraction of the endocytosed fibronectin receptor, alpha 5 beta 1 integrin, is sorted into multivesicular endosomes together with fibronectin and degraded in lysosomes. This sorting requires fibronectin-induced ubiquitination of the alpha 5 subunit, and the activity of the endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT) machinery, which interacts with alpha 5 beta 1 integrin. Importantly, we demonstrate that both alpha 5 ubiquitination and ESCRT functions are required for proper migration of fibroblasts. We propose that ligand-mediated degradation of alpha 5 beta 1 integrin via the ESCRT pathway is required in order to prevent endosomal accumulation of ligand-bound integrins that might otherwise form nonproductive adhesion sites. Fibronectin and alpha 5 beta 1 integrin therefore are trafficked to lysosomes in a similar way to growth factors and their receptors.
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42
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Sekine Y. [Novel adaptor protein, STAP-2 functions as a signal modulator in immune system]. YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 2010; 130:769-75. [PMID: 20519854 DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.130.769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Signal-transducing adaptor protein-2 (STAP-2) was recently identified as a novel adaptor protein and is a family of STAP adaptor protein and has a variety of functions in cellular signal transductions. Especially STAP-2 has a crucial role in immune systems by controlling cytokine signal transduction. STAP-2 functionally interacts with STAT3 through its YXXQ motif and enhances STAT3 transcriptional activation. In contrast, STAP-2 interacts with STAT5 through its PH and SH2-like domains and decreases STAT5 activity. Importantly, STAP-2 also binds to MyD88 and IKK-alpha/beta and regulates LPS/TLR4 signaling. Moreover, STAP-2 interacts with Epstein-Barr virus-derived LMP1 and modulates LMP1-mediated NF-kappaB signaling. More importantly, experiments using STAP-2 deficient mice showed that STAP-2 modulated several T-cell functions. T-cells from STAP-2 deficient mice showed enhanced integrin-mediated cell adhesion to fibronectin. Furthermore STAP-2-deficient T-cells show reduced chemotaxis toward SDF-1alpha. These accumulated evidences indicate that novel adaptor protein STAP-2 plays an important modulator role in both of innate and adaptive immune systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuichi Sekine
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University.
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Comparative analysis of gene expression profiles between primary knee osteoarthritis and an osteoarthritis endemic to Northwestern China, Kashin-Beck disease. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 62:771-80. [DOI: 10.1002/art.27282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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44
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Sekine Y, Ikeda O, Tsuji S, Yamamoto C, Muromoto R, Nanbo A, Oritani K, Yoshimura A, Matsuda T. Signal-transducing adaptor protein-2 regulates stromal cell-derived factor-1 alpha-induced chemotaxis in T cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2010; 183:7966-74. [PMID: 19933863 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.0902096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Signal-transducing adaptor protein-2 (STAP-2) is a recently identified adaptor protein that contains pleckstrin and Src homology 2-like domains, as well as a YXXQ motif in its C-terminal region. Our previous studies revealed that STAP-2 regulates integrin-mediated T cell adhesion. In the present study, we find that STAP-2 expression affects Jurkat T cell migration after stromal cell-derived factor-1alpha (SDF-1alpha)-treatment. Furthermore, STAP-2-deficient T cells exhibit reduced cell migration after SDF-1alpha-treatment. Importantly, overexpression of STAP-2 in Jurkat T cells induces activation of small guanine triphosphatases, such as Rac1 and Cdc42. Regarding the mechanism for this effect, we found that STAP-2 associates with Vav1, the guanine-nucleotide exchanging factor for Rac1, and enhances downstream Vav1/Rac1 signaling. These results reveal a novel STAP-2-mediated mechanism for the regulation of SDF-1alpha-induced chemotaxis of T cells via activation of Vav1/Rac1 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuichi Sekine
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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Abstract
Recent studies have demonstrated that a number of E3 ubiquitin ligases, including Cbl, Smurf1, Smurf2, HDM2, BCA2, SCF(beta-TRCP) and XRNF185, play important roles in cell adhesion and migration. Cbl negatively regulates cell adhesion via alpha integrin and Rap1 and inhibits actin polymerization by ubiquitinating mDab1 and WAVE2. Smurf1 regulates cell migration through ubiquitination of RhoA, talin head domain and hPEM2, while Smurf2 ubiquitinates Smurf1, TGFbeta type I receptor and RaplB to modulate cell migration and adhesion. HDM2 negatively regulates cell migration by targeting NFAT (a transcription factor) for ubiquitination and degradation, while SCF(beta-TRCP) ubiquitinates Snail (a transcriptional repressor of E-cadherin) to inhibit cell migration. TRIM32 promotes cell migration through ubiquitination of Abl interactor 2 (Abi2), a tumor suppressor. RNF5 and XRNF185 modulate cell migration by ubiquitinating paxillin. Thus, these E3 ubiquitin ligases regulate cell adhesion and (or) migration through ubiquitination of their specific substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cai Huang
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
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46
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Chang CC, Tsai SY, Lin H, Li HF, Lee YH, Chou Y, Jen CY, Juan SH. Aryl-hydrocarbon receptor-dependent alteration of FAK/RhoA in the inhibition of HUVEC motility by 3-methylcholanthrene. Cell Mol Life Sci 2009; 66:3193-205. [PMID: 19649566 PMCID: PMC11115561 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-009-0102-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2009] [Revised: 06/23/2009] [Accepted: 07/09/2009] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
We previously demonstrated the antiproliferative and antiangiogenic effects of 3-methylcholanthrene (3MC), an aryl-hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) agonist, in human umbilical vascular endothelial cells (HUVECs). Herein, we unraveled its molecular mechanisms in inhibiting HUVEC motility. 3MC down-regulated FAK, but up-regulated RhoA, which was rescued by AhR knockdown. It led us to identify novel AhR binding sites in the FAK/RhoA promoters. Additionally, 3MC increased RhoA activity via suppression of a negative feedback pathway of FAK/p190RhoGAP. With an increase in membrane-bound RhoA, subsequent stress fiber and focal adhesion complex formation was observed in 3MC-treated cells, and this was reversed by a RhoA inhibitor and AhR antagonists. Notably, these compounds significantly reversed 3MC-mediated anti-migration in a transwell assay. The in vitro findings were further confirmed using an animal model of Matrigel formation in Balb/c mice. Collectively, AhR's genomic regulation of FAK/RhoA, together with RhoA activation, is ascribable to the anti-migration effect of 3MC in HUVECs.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Binding Sites
- Cell Movement/drug effects
- Cell Movement/physiology
- Cells, Cultured
- Chromatin Immunoprecipitation
- Endothelial Cells/cytology
- Endothelial Cells/drug effects
- Endothelial Cells/enzymology
- Endothelium, Vascular/cytology
- Endothelium, Vascular/drug effects
- Endothelium, Vascular/enzymology
- Feedback, Physiological
- Focal Adhesion Kinase 1/genetics
- Focal Adhesion Kinase 1/metabolism
- Focal Adhesion Kinase 1/physiology
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Humans
- Methylcholanthrene/pharmacology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Promoter Regions, Genetic
- RNA Interference
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- RNA, Small Interfering
- Receptors, Aryl Hydrocarbon/agonists
- Receptors, Aryl Hydrocarbon/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Aryl Hydrocarbon/physiology
- Umbilical Cord/cytology
- rhoA GTP-Binding Protein/genetics
- rhoA GTP-Binding Protein/metabolism
- rhoA GTP-Binding Protein/physiology
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Cheng Chang
- Department of Physiology, Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Hsing Street, Taipei, 110 Taiwan
- Department of Physiology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Ying Tsai
- Department of Physiology, Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Hsing Street, Taipei, 110 Taiwan
- Department of Physiology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Heng Lin
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Fen Li
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsuan Lee
- Department of Physiology, Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Hsing Street, Taipei, 110 Taiwan
- Department of Physiology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ying Chou
- Department of Physiology, Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Hsing Street, Taipei, 110 Taiwan
- Department of Physiology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yu Jen
- Department of Physiology, Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Hsing Street, Taipei, 110 Taiwan
- Department of Physiology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Hui Juan
- Department of Physiology, Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Hsing Street, Taipei, 110 Taiwan
- Department of Physiology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Abstract
Protein kinases are important regulators of intracellular signal transduction pathways and play critical roles in diverse cellular functions. Once a protein kinase is activated, its activity is subsequently downregulated through a variety of mechanisms. Accumulating evidence indicates that the activation of protein kinases commonly initiates their downregulation via the ubiquitin/proteasome pathway. Failure to regulate protein kinase activity or expression levels can cause human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhimin Lu
- Department of Neuro-Oncology and Molecular and Cellular Oncology, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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48
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Sekine Y, Yamamoto C, Ikeda O, Muromoto R, Nanbo A, Oritani K, Yoshimura A, Matsuda T. The protein content of an adaptor protein, STAP-2 is controlled by E3 ubiquitin ligase Cbl. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2009; 384:187-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2009.04.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2009] [Accepted: 04/18/2009] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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49
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Hu XW, Meng D, Fang J. Apigenin inhibited migration and invasion of human ovarian cancer A2780 cells through focal adhesion kinase. Carcinogenesis 2008; 29:2369-76. [PMID: 18974065 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgn244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Apigenin, a common dietary flavonoid, has been found to have antitumor properties and therefore poses special interest for the development of chemopreventive and/or chemotherapeutic agent for cancers. Here, we demonstrate that apigenin inhibits expression of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and migration and invasion of human ovarian cancer A2780 cells. FAK is a non-receptor protein tyrosine kinase downstream of integrins and growth factors. It plays an important role in migration and invasion of cancer cells. We found that apigenin inhibited adhesion, migration and invasion of A2780 cells. Apigenin attenuated FAK expression through reducing its protein stability. FAK plays a critical role in migration and invasion of A2780 cells. Overexpression of FAK could reverse A2780 cell migration and invasion inhibited by apigenin. The in vivo experiments showed that apigenin inhibited spontaneous metastasis of A2780 cells implanted onto the ovary of nude mice. Our results provide a new insight into the mechanisms that apigenin inhibits ovarian cancers. These results suggest that molecular targeting of FAK by apigenin might be a useful strategy for chemoprevention and/or chemotherapeutics of ovarian cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Wen Hu
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institute for Biological Sciences, The Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
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RN181, a novel ubiquitin E3 ligase that interacts with the KVGFFKR motif of platelet integrin αIIbβ3. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2008; 369:1088-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2008.02.142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2008] [Accepted: 02/29/2008] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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