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Barré T, Fontaine H, Pol S, Ramier C, Di Beo V, Protopopescu C, Marcellin F, Bureau M, Bourlière M, Dorival C, Petrov-Sanchez V, Asselah T, Delarocque-Astagneau E, Larrey D, Duclos-Vallée JC, Carrat F, Carrieri P. Metabolic Disorders in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infection: Coffee as a Panacea? (ANRS CO22 Hepather Cohort). Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11020379. [PMID: 35204261 PMCID: PMC8869416 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11020379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
People living with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection are at high risk of liver disease progression, which is positively associated with metabolic disorders, but inversely associated with dyslipidemia. Diet, including dietary antioxidants, is a lever of metabolic disorder management. In particular, elevated coffee consumption is associated with different metabolic outcomes in the general population. We aimed to test whether such associations occur in HBV-infected people. Based on cross-sectional data from the ANRS CO22 Hepather cohort, we performed logistic regression models with (i) dyslipidemia, (ii) hypertension, and (iii) diabetes as outcomes, and with demographic, clinical, and socio-behavioral (including coffee consumption) data as explanatory variables. Among 4746 HBV-infected patients, drinking ≥3 cups of coffee per day was associated with a higher risk of dyslipidemia (adjusted odds ratio [95% confidence interval] 1.49 [1.10–2.00], p = 0.009) and a lower risk of hypertension (0.64 [0.50–0.82], p = 0.001). It was not associated with diabetes. Elevated coffee consumption was associated with a higher risk of dyslipidemia and a lower risk of hypertension in HBV-infected patients, two effects expected to be associated with favorable clinical outcomes. Further studies should test whether such metabolic benefits translate into reduced mortality risk in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tangui Barré
- Aix Marseille Univ. Inserm, IRD, SESSTIM, Sciences Economiques & Sociales de la Santé & Traitement de l’Information Médicale, ISSPAM, 13005 Marseille, France; (T.B.); (C.R.); (V.D.B.); (C.P.); (F.M.); (M.B.); (M.B.)
| | - Hélène Fontaine
- Université de Paris, AP-HP, Hôpital Cochin, Département d’Hépatologie/Addictologie, 75014 Paris, France; (H.F.); (S.P.)
| | - Stanislas Pol
- Université de Paris, AP-HP, Hôpital Cochin, Département d’Hépatologie/Addictologie, 75014 Paris, France; (H.F.); (S.P.)
| | - Clémence Ramier
- Aix Marseille Univ. Inserm, IRD, SESSTIM, Sciences Economiques & Sociales de la Santé & Traitement de l’Information Médicale, ISSPAM, 13005 Marseille, France; (T.B.); (C.R.); (V.D.B.); (C.P.); (F.M.); (M.B.); (M.B.)
| | - Vincent Di Beo
- Aix Marseille Univ. Inserm, IRD, SESSTIM, Sciences Economiques & Sociales de la Santé & Traitement de l’Information Médicale, ISSPAM, 13005 Marseille, France; (T.B.); (C.R.); (V.D.B.); (C.P.); (F.M.); (M.B.); (M.B.)
| | - Camelia Protopopescu
- Aix Marseille Univ. Inserm, IRD, SESSTIM, Sciences Economiques & Sociales de la Santé & Traitement de l’Information Médicale, ISSPAM, 13005 Marseille, France; (T.B.); (C.R.); (V.D.B.); (C.P.); (F.M.); (M.B.); (M.B.)
| | - Fabienne Marcellin
- Aix Marseille Univ. Inserm, IRD, SESSTIM, Sciences Economiques & Sociales de la Santé & Traitement de l’Information Médicale, ISSPAM, 13005 Marseille, France; (T.B.); (C.R.); (V.D.B.); (C.P.); (F.M.); (M.B.); (M.B.)
| | - Morgane Bureau
- Aix Marseille Univ. Inserm, IRD, SESSTIM, Sciences Economiques & Sociales de la Santé & Traitement de l’Information Médicale, ISSPAM, 13005 Marseille, France; (T.B.); (C.R.); (V.D.B.); (C.P.); (F.M.); (M.B.); (M.B.)
| | - Marc Bourlière
- Aix Marseille Univ. Inserm, IRD, SESSTIM, Sciences Economiques & Sociales de la Santé & Traitement de l’Information Médicale, ISSPAM, 13005 Marseille, France; (T.B.); (C.R.); (V.D.B.); (C.P.); (F.M.); (M.B.); (M.B.)
- Hôpital St. Joseph, Service d’Hépato-Gastroentérologie, 13008 Marseille, France
| | - Céline Dorival
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut Pierre Louis d’Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique, Sorbonne Université, 75646 Paris, France;
| | - Ventzislava Petrov-Sanchez
- ANRS MIE (France Recherche Nord & Sud Sida-HIV Hépatites|Maladies Infectieuses Emergentes), Unit for Basic and Clinical Research on Viral Hepatitis, 73013 Paris, France;
| | - Tarik Asselah
- Université de Paris, Centre de Recherche sur L’inflammation, INSERM UMR1149, 75018 Paris, France;
- Department of Hepatology, AP-HP, Hôpital Beaujon, 92110 Clichy, France
| | - Elisabeth Delarocque-Astagneau
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Inserm, CESP, Team Anti-Infective Evasion and Pharmacoepidemiology, 78180 Montigny, France;
- AP-HP, GHU Paris Saclay University, Raymond Poincaré Hospital, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, 92380 Garches, France
| | - Dominique Larrey
- Liver Unit-IRB-INSERM 1183, Hôpital Saint Eloi, 34090 Montpellier, France;
| | - Jean-Charles Duclos-Vallée
- AP-HP Hôpital Paul-Brousse, Centre Hépato-Biliaire, Villejuif, UMR-S 1193, Université Paris-Saclay, FHU HEPATINOV, 94800 Villejuif, France;
| | - Fabrice Carrat
- Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Unité de Santé Publique, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), 75012 Paris, France;
| | - Patrizia Carrieri
- Aix Marseille Univ. Inserm, IRD, SESSTIM, Sciences Economiques & Sociales de la Santé & Traitement de l’Information Médicale, ISSPAM, 13005 Marseille, France; (T.B.); (C.R.); (V.D.B.); (C.P.); (F.M.); (M.B.); (M.B.)
- Correspondence:
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Tsai SY, Huang WH, Chan HL, Hwang LC. The role of smoking cessation programs in lowering blood pressure: A retrospective cohort study. Tob Induc Dis 2021; 19:82. [PMID: 34720797 PMCID: PMC8534426 DOI: 10.18332/tid/142664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cigarette smoking affects blood pressure and is a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. The role of smoking cessation programs with respect to blood pressure remains inconclusive. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the effects of a smoking cessation program on blood pressure. METHODS Participants who attended the smoking cessation program in an outpatient clinic of a tertiary medical center in Taiwan from 2017 to 2018 were enrolled in this retrospective cohort study. Their smoking cessation status was traced via phone calls during the third month, and the researchers collected participant characteristics and blood pressure before and after the program. Differences in the participants’ blood pressure, based on those with and those without hypertension, were compared using analysis of covariance. Univariable logistic regression models were used to determine factors associated with success in smoking cessation. In total, there were 721 participants. The participants had a mean age of 55.8±11.4 years and 68.1% of the participants were hypertensive. RESULTS During the program, the overall systolic blood pressure decreased by 4.0±17.9 mmHg and diastolic blood pressure decreased by 2.5±12.0 mmHg, from the baseline. Hypertensive participants showed a more prominent blood pressure lowering effect compared to non-hypertensive participants in terms of the subtraction difference of systolic blood pressure (-5.0±19.0 vs -1.9±15.2 mmHg, p=0.018) and diastolic blood pressure (-3.1±12.9 vs -1.1±9.6 mmHg, p=0.016). After multivariate control, the results showed that the adjusted subtraction difference of diastolic blood pressure was still more significant in the hypertensive group than in the non-hypertensive group. CONCLUSIONS The smoking cessation program significantly reduced both systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure in the entire cohort. The results were more significant in the hypertensive group compared to the non-hypertensive group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Szu-Ying Tsai
- Department of Family Medicine, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei City, Taiwan.,Department of Family Medicine, Taipei City Hospital, Zhongxing Branch, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Hsin Huang
- Department of Family Medicine, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Lung Chan
- Department of Family Medicine, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Lee-Ching Hwang
- Department of Family Medicine, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei City, Taiwan.,Department of Medicine, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan
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Gagnon LR, Sadasivan C, Perera K, Oudit GY. Cardiac Complications of Common Drugs of Abuse: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Management. Can J Cardiol 2021; 38:1331-1341. [PMID: 34737034 DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2021.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Revised: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular complications from drugs of abuse are becoming more apparent due to increased usage worldwide. Substance abuse can cause both acute and chronic cardiovascular complications and is increasing in prevalence especially in young adults. These substances contribute to the development of acute coronary syndrome, type II myocardial injury, arrhythmias, cardiomyopathies and have numerous other cardiovascular complications. Although no screening guidelines exist, clinical awareness of these potential complications and their prevention, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment are critically important. Management of cardiovascular disease should be coupled with appropriate social and mental health interventions to provide sustained clinical benefit. The higher the number of substances used recreationally, the greater the risk of premature heart disease. Epidemiological studies showed that 1 in 5 young adults misuse several substances and often start using at younger ages with a greater risk for adverse health outcomes over the long-term. The aim of this review is to highlight the basic epidemiology, cardiac complications, and disease-specific treatment options of commonly abused substances including methamphetamine, cocaine, alcohol, anabolic-androgenic steroids, cannabis, and tobacco.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke R Gagnon
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Chandu Sadasivan
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Kevin Perera
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Gavin Y Oudit
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
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Sithey G, Wen LM, Dzed L, Li M. Noncommunicable diseases risk factors in Bhutan: A secondary analysis of data from Bhutan's nationwide STEPS survey 2014. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0257385. [PMID: 34555064 PMCID: PMC8459987 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0257385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Bhutan is facing an epidemic of noncommunicable diseases; they are responsible for 53% of all deaths. Four main modifiable risk factors, including tobacco use, harmful use of alcohol, physical inactivity, and unhealthy diet, are the causes of most noncommunicable diseases (NCDs). This study aimed to assess 1) the prevalence of NCDs modifiable risk factors in Bhutan’s adult population and 2) associations between the sociodemographic factors and the NCDs modifiable risk factors with overweight or obesity, hypertension, and diabetes. Methods We used the 2014 Bhutan WHO Stepwise Approach to NCD Risk Factor Surveillance (STEPS) Survey dataset in this study. Data were analyzed using multiple logistic regressions, constructed with overweight or obesity, hypertension, and diabetes as outcome variables and modifiable risk factors as independent variables. Results The prevalence of tobacco use, harmful use of alcohol, unhealthy diet (low fruits and vegetables intake) and physically inactive was 24.8% (95% CI: 21.5, 28.5), 42.4% (95% CI: 39.4, 45.5), 66.9% (95% CI: 61.5, 71.8), and 6.2% (95% CI: 4.9, 7.8), respectively. The prevalence of overweight or obesity, hypertension and diabetes was 32.9% (95%CI: 30.0, 36.0), 35.7% (95% CI: 32.8, 38.7) and 6.4% (95% CI: 5.1, 7.9), respectively. Multiple logistic regression showed that older age groups were more likely to be overweight or obese, hypertensive, and diabetic. Our analysis also found that tobacco users were less likely to be overweight or obese (aOR 0.71, 95% CI 0.52, 0.96), and to be hypertensive (aOR 0.74, 95% CI 0.56, 0.97); but they were more likely to be diabetic (aOR 1.64, 95% CI 1.05, 2.56). Alcohol users were more likely to be hypertensive aOR 1.41 (95% CI 1.15, 1.74). Furthermore, vigorous physical activity could protect people from being overweight or obese, aOR 0.47 (95% CI 0.31, 0.70), and those consuming more than five serves of fruits and vegetables per day were more likely to be overweight or obese, aOR 1.46 (95% CI 1.17, 1.82). Conclusion The prevalence of NCDs modifiable risk factors and overweight or obesity and hypertension was high in Bhutan. We found strong associations between tobacco use and diabetes, alcohol use, hypertension, physically inactive, and overweight or obesity. The results suggest that the government should prioritize NCDs prevention and control programs, focusing on reducing modifiable risk factors. The health sector alone cannot address the NCDs epidemic in Bhutan, and we recommend the whole of government approach to tackle NCDs through the Bhutan Gross National Happiness framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyambo Sithey
- Centre for Research Initiatives, Changangkha, Thimphu, Bhutan
- Sydney School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Li Ming Wen
- Sydney School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Population Health Research and Evaluation Hub, Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Laigden Dzed
- Nutrition Program, Department of Public Health, Ministry of Health, Thimphu, Bhutan
| | - Mu Li
- Sydney School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- * E-mail:
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Alomari MA, Khabour OF, Alzoubi KH. Gender-specific relationship of circulatory measures with waterpipe smoking: The Irbid WiHi project. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AFRICA NURSING SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijans.2021.100379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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Andriani H, Kosasih RI, Putri S, Kuo HW. Effects of changes in smoking status on blood pressure among adult males and females in Indonesia: a 15-year population-based cohort study. BMJ Open 2020; 10:e038021. [PMID: 32354782 PMCID: PMC7213843 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-038021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The continuing rise of smoking behaviours will inevitably lead to a further increase in hypertension prevalence. However, limited research has examined the impacts of changes in smoking status on blood pressure (BP). We sought to assess correlations between increases or decreases of males' and females' cigarette consumption on systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and pulse pressure (PP), and to investigate the relationship between smoking status changes and changes in BP through a 15-year examination period. DESIGN Retrospective, cohort study. SETTING We used nationally representative secondary data collected in the years 2000, 2007 and 2015 by the Indonesia Family Life Survey. PARTICIPANTS We measured the smoking habits, BP indices and other socioeconomic factors documented in the multiple follow-up surveys of a sample of 10 338 respondents. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES The primary outcome was the means of SBP, DBP and PP. The secondary outcome was the changes from baseline in SBP and DBP. RESULTS Smoking caused different effects on male and female smokers. Female smokers who increased their daily cigarette consumption had significantly higher SBP and PP (p<0.001). During 15 years of follow-up, male and female smokers who decided to quit had the largest change of SBP (adjusted mean=16.64 mm Hg, SE=21.39 and adjusted mean=24.78 mm Hg, SE=23.25, respectively), whereas new male and female smokers exhibited the highest change of DBP (adjusted mean=2.86 mm Hg, SE=11.50 and adjusted mean=7.54 mm Hg, SE=14.39, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Our study confirmed the adverse effects of smoking on BP, which can be used to inform efforts to tackle the growing cigarette epidemic and its negative effects on hypertension among former and new smokers and develop evidence-based tobacco control policies in Indonesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Andriani
- Department of Health Policy and Administration, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia
| | | | - Septiara Putri
- Department of Health Policy and Administration, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia
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Wang M, Li W, Zhou R, Wang S, Zheng H, Jiang J, Wang S, Yu C, Gao W, Lv J, Wu T, Cao W, Hu Y, Li L, Ji JS. The Paradox Association between Smoking and Blood Pressure among Half Million Chinese People. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17082824. [PMID: 32325946 PMCID: PMC7215755 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17082824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Background: The association between smoking and blood pressure (BP) has been explored extensively, yet the results remain inconclusive. Using real-world evidence of a large Chinese population, we examine the effect of smoking on BP levels. Methods: We utilize half a million adults from the China Kadoorie Biobank (CKB) study with baseline sampling collected between 2004 and 2008. Multivariable linear regression analyses are used to estimate linear regression coefficients of smoking for systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP). Results: 459,815 participants (180,236 males and 279,579 females) are included in the analysis. Regular smoking is significantly associated with lower SBP (-0.57 mm Hg, p < 0.001) and DBP (-0.35 mm Hg, p < 0.001) when compared with non-smoking in men. Additionally, SBP and DBP decrease significantly among all groups of different smoking status in women (p < 0.001). Additionally, pack-years show negative associations with SBP and DBP in both men and women. Further analysis shows the interaction of smoking and alcohol consumption is associated with an increase of SBP and DBP (men: 2.38 mm Hg and 0.89 mm Hg; women: 5.21 mm Hg and 2.62 mm Hg) among co-regular smokers and regular drinkers when compared with regular smokers who are not exposed to alcohol consumption. Conclusions: A negative association between smoking and BP is observed. However, the interaction between smoking and alcohol consumption is associated with BP increase. The findings suggest the importance of considering smoking and alcohol consumption in BP control in addition to antihypertensive treatment in clinical and public health practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengying Wang
- School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; (M.W.); (W.L.); (R.Z.); (S.W.); (H.Z.); (J.J.); (S.W.); (C.Y.); (W.G.); (J.L.); (W.C.); (Y.H.); (L.L.)
| | - Wenyong Li
- School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; (M.W.); (W.L.); (R.Z.); (S.W.); (H.Z.); (J.J.); (S.W.); (C.Y.); (W.G.); (J.L.); (W.C.); (Y.H.); (L.L.)
| | - Ren Zhou
- School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; (M.W.); (W.L.); (R.Z.); (S.W.); (H.Z.); (J.J.); (S.W.); (C.Y.); (W.G.); (J.L.); (W.C.); (Y.H.); (L.L.)
| | - Siyue Wang
- School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; (M.W.); (W.L.); (R.Z.); (S.W.); (H.Z.); (J.J.); (S.W.); (C.Y.); (W.G.); (J.L.); (W.C.); (Y.H.); (L.L.)
| | - Hongchen Zheng
- School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; (M.W.); (W.L.); (R.Z.); (S.W.); (H.Z.); (J.J.); (S.W.); (C.Y.); (W.G.); (J.L.); (W.C.); (Y.H.); (L.L.)
| | - Jin Jiang
- School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; (M.W.); (W.L.); (R.Z.); (S.W.); (H.Z.); (J.J.); (S.W.); (C.Y.); (W.G.); (J.L.); (W.C.); (Y.H.); (L.L.)
| | - Shengfeng Wang
- School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; (M.W.); (W.L.); (R.Z.); (S.W.); (H.Z.); (J.J.); (S.W.); (C.Y.); (W.G.); (J.L.); (W.C.); (Y.H.); (L.L.)
| | - Canqing Yu
- School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; (M.W.); (W.L.); (R.Z.); (S.W.); (H.Z.); (J.J.); (S.W.); (C.Y.); (W.G.); (J.L.); (W.C.); (Y.H.); (L.L.)
| | - Wenjing Gao
- School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; (M.W.); (W.L.); (R.Z.); (S.W.); (H.Z.); (J.J.); (S.W.); (C.Y.); (W.G.); (J.L.); (W.C.); (Y.H.); (L.L.)
| | - Jun Lv
- School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; (M.W.); (W.L.); (R.Z.); (S.W.); (H.Z.); (J.J.); (S.W.); (C.Y.); (W.G.); (J.L.); (W.C.); (Y.H.); (L.L.)
| | - Tao Wu
- School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; (M.W.); (W.L.); (R.Z.); (S.W.); (H.Z.); (J.J.); (S.W.); (C.Y.); (W.G.); (J.L.); (W.C.); (Y.H.); (L.L.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Weihua Cao
- School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; (M.W.); (W.L.); (R.Z.); (S.W.); (H.Z.); (J.J.); (S.W.); (C.Y.); (W.G.); (J.L.); (W.C.); (Y.H.); (L.L.)
| | - Yonghua Hu
- School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; (M.W.); (W.L.); (R.Z.); (S.W.); (H.Z.); (J.J.); (S.W.); (C.Y.); (W.G.); (J.L.); (W.C.); (Y.H.); (L.L.)
| | - Liming Li
- School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; (M.W.); (W.L.); (R.Z.); (S.W.); (H.Z.); (J.J.); (S.W.); (C.Y.); (W.G.); (J.L.); (W.C.); (Y.H.); (L.L.)
| | - John S. Ji
- Environmental Research Center, Duke Kunshan University, Kunshan 215316, China;
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
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Rempe HM, Calvani R, Marzetti E, Picca A, Sieber CC, Freiberger E, Landi F. Are Health Behaviors and Self-Rated Health Related to Cardiovascular Health and Functional Performance? Results from the Lookup 7+ Cross-Sectional Survey among Persons Aged 65+. J Nutr Health Aging 2020; 24:379-387. [PMID: 32242205 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-020-1342-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Cardiovascular health (CVH) and physical performance (PP) are key factors of successful ageing. This study investigated whether self-reported CVH behaviours and self-rated health (SRH) are related to ideal CVH and PP. DESIGN Cross-sectional survey. SETTING Public places in Italy (e.g. exhibitions, malls, health promotion campaigns), outside of conventional healthcare settings. PARTICIPANTS 1415 community-living persons aged 65+ years (mean age 72.2 ± 5.4; 58.4% female). MEASUREMENTS Three ideal CVH behaviors [regular physical activity (PA), healthy diet, no smoking] and SRH (1 excellent - 4 poor) were assessed through a brief questionnaire. Four ideal CVH factors [iBMI ≤ 25 kg/m2, untreated random total blood cholesterol ≤200 mg/dl, absence of diabetes (untreated random blood glucose ≤200 mg/dl), untreated blood pressure (iBP) <140/90mmHg] and two ideal PP factors [grip strength (iGrip), 5-repetition chair-stand test <10 seconds (iStand)] were measured. RESULTS Adjusted for age and gender, regular PA was positively related to CVH factor score (β = 0.1; p = < .001), iBMI (OR = 1.8; 95% CI = 1.5-2.3), iBP (OR = 1.3; 95% CI = 1.1-1.6) and iStand (OR = 1.6; 95% CI = 1.3-2.1). Healthy diet was positively related to CVH factor score (β = 0.1; p = < .05) and iGrip (OR = 1.4; 95% CI = 1.1-1.8). Participants rating SRH as "good" (OR = 2.0; 95% CI = 1.1-3.9) and "not so good" (OR = 2.3; 95% CI = 1.2-4.5) met iDiabetes more often than those with poor SRH. Moreover, iStand (OR = 3.2; 95% CI = 1.6-6.6) and iGrip (OR = 4.2; 95% = CI 2.0-8.8) were more prevalent among participants with excellent SRH compared with those with poor SRH. CONCLUSIONS Physical activity, diet and self-rated health may provide quick and easy-to-assess metrics to identify persons aged 65+ years at risk of cardiovascular events and functional impairment, who could particularly benefit from engaging in health promotion programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- H M Rempe
- Hanna M. Rempe, Kobergerstraße 60, 90408 Nürnberg, Germany, E-mail:
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Relationship between lifestyle pattern and blood pressure - Iranian national survey. Sci Rep 2019; 9:15194. [PMID: 31645585 PMCID: PMC6811561 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-51309-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
We aimed to evaluate the relationship between different lifestyle patterns and blood pressure. This study is based on the national survey of the risk factors for non-communicable diseases in Iran in 2012. A total of 8244 people aged 25–70 years old have been enrolled in the survey. Clustering on the individual data of lifestyle factors (nutrition, physical activity, and smoking) were carried out using self-organizing neural network method. Multivariable regression models were used to determine the relationship between blood pressure and the clusters. This study revealed seven lifestyle clusters in the national survey. The first cluster had a healthier lifestyle (15%), and the rest of the clusters had at least one or more lifestyle-related risk factors. Among all the clusters, people in two clusters, i.e. one characterized by consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages, salt, and fast foods, and the other one characterized by physical inactivity, were more exposed to the risk of hypertension (odds ratios of 1.44 and 1.12, respectively). People in another cluster who were 100% smokers and had a very high level of work-related physical activity were about 30% less likely to experience elevated blood pressure. Although a lifestyle with cigarette smoking was associated with a reduction in blood pressure, this might be due to other related factors, such as work-related physical activity, which lower blood pressure. Of course, this hypothesis still needs to be further studied in the future.
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10
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Robles-Romero JM, Fernández-Ozcorta EJ, Gavala-González J, Romero-Martín M, Gómez-Salgado J, Ruiz-Frutos C. Anthropometric Measures as Predictive Indicators of Metabolic Risk in a Population of "Holy Week Costaleros". INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:E207. [PMID: 30642106 PMCID: PMC6352102 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16020207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 12/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Preventive measures are a priority in those groups that perform intense physical efforts without physical preparation and that can also be overweight or obese. One of the groups that reflect these characteristics is the costaleros of the Holy Week of Andalusia, Spain. This paper aims to describe the effect of obesity on blood pressure. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on 101 costaleros. The anthropometric measures were determined through segmental impedance. Cardiac recovery and anaerobic power were measured through the Ruffier⁻Dickson test and the Abalakov test, respectively. Blood pressure was measured when the individuals were at rest. The Kruskal⁻Wallis test was applied for of continuous parameters and the X² test for dichotomous measures. Binary logistic regression models were used for the subsequent analysis with R-square and Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves. The average population was 28 years of age, 173.7 cm tall, and 82.59 Kg weigh. The excess of body fat was 11.27 Kg and Body Mass Index was 27.33 Kg/m². 72.3% showed abnormal blood pressure and 68.2% were overweight. 32.7% had a waist-hip ratio higher than 0.94. The probability of presenting abnormal blood pressure was higher among the subjects whose fat content was higher and muscle content was lower.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Juan Gavala-González
- Physical Education and Sports Department, University of Seville, 41018 Seville, Spain.
| | - Macarena Romero-Martín
- Centro Universitario de Enfermería Cruz Roja, Universidad de Sevilla, 41008 Seville, Spain.
| | - Juan Gómez-Salgado
- Nursing Department, University of Huelva, 21007 Huelva, Spain.
- Safety and Health Posgrade Program, Universidad Espíritu Santo, Guayaquil 091650, Ecuador.
| | - Carlos Ruiz-Frutos
- Safety and Health Posgrade Program, Universidad Espíritu Santo, Guayaquil 091650, Ecuador.
- Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Huelva, 21007 Huelva, Spain.
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11
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Dikalov S, Itani H, Richmond B, Vergeade A, Rahman SMJ, Boutaud O, Blackwell T, Massion PP, Harrison DG, Dikalova A. Tobacco smoking induces cardiovascular mitochondrial oxidative stress, promotes endothelial dysfunction, and enhances hypertension. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2019; 316:H639-H646. [PMID: 30608177 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00595.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Tobacco smoking is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease and hypertension. It is associated with the oxidative stress and induces metabolic reprogramming, altering mitochondrial function. We hypothesized that cigarette smoke induces cardiovascular mitochondrial oxidative stress, which contributes to endothelial dysfunction and hypertension. To test this hypothesis, we studied whether the scavenging of mitochondrial H2O2 in transgenic mice expressing mitochondria-targeted catalase (mCAT) attenuates the development of cigarette smoke/angiotensin II-induced mitochondrial oxidative stress and hypertension compared with wild-type mice. Two weeks of exposure of wild-type mice with cigarette smoke increased systolic blood pressure by 17 mmHg, which was similar to the effect of a subpresssor dose of angiotensin II (0.2 mg·kg-1·day-1), leading to a moderate increase to the prehypertensive level. Cigarette smoke exposure and a low dose of angiotensin II cooperatively induced severe hypertension in wild-type mice, but the scavenging of mitochondrial H2O2 in mCAT mice completely prevented the development of hypertension. Cigarette smoke and angiotensin II cooperatively induced oxidation of cardiolipin (a specific biomarker of mitochondrial oxidative stress) in wild-type mice, which was abolished in mCAT mice. Cigarette smoke and angiotensin II impaired endothelium-dependent relaxation and induced superoxide overproduction, which was diminished in mCAT mice. To mimic the tobacco smoke exposure, we used cigarette smoke condensate, which induced mitochondrial superoxide overproduction and reduced endothelial nitric oxide (a hallmark of endothelial dysfunction in hypertension). Western blot experiments indicated that tobacco smoke and angiotensin II reduce the mitochondrial deacetylase sirtuin-3 level and cause hyperacetylation of a key mitochondrial antioxidant, SOD2, which promotes mitochondrial oxidative stress. NEW & NOTEWORTHY This work demonstrates tobacco smoking-induced mitochondrial oxidative stress, which contributes to endothelial dysfunction and development of hypertension. We suggest that the targeting of mitochondrial oxidative stress can be beneficial for treatment of pathological conditions associated with tobacco smoking, such as endothelial dysfunction, hypertension, and cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey Dikalov
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Hana Itani
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville, Tennessee.,Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut , Beirut , Lebanon
| | - Bradley Richmond
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Aurelia Vergeade
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville, Tennessee
| | - S M Jamshedur Rahman
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Olivier Boutaud
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University , Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Timothy Blackwell
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville, Tennessee.,Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Pierre P Massion
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville, Tennessee.,Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - David G Harrison
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Anna Dikalova
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville, Tennessee
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12
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Wagenhäuser MU, Schellinger IN, Yoshino T, Toyama K, Kayama Y, Deng A, Guenther SP, Petzold A, Mulorz J, Mulorz P, Hasenfuß G, Ibing W, Elvers M, Schuster A, Ramasubramanian AK, Adam M, Schelzig H, Spin JM, Raaz U, Tsao PS. Chronic Nicotine Exposure Induces Murine Aortic Remodeling and Stiffness Segmentation-Implications for Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Susceptibility. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1459. [PMID: 30429794 PMCID: PMC6220086 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: Arterial stiffness is a significant risk factor for many cardiovascular diseases, including abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA). Nicotine, the major active ingredient of e-cigarettes and tobacco smoke, induces acute vasomotor effects that may temporarily increase arterial stiffness. Here, we investigated the effects of long-term nicotine exposure on structural aortic stiffness. Methods: Mice (C57BL/6) were infused with nicotine for 40 days (20 mg/kg/day). Arterial stiffness of the thoracic (TS) and abdominal (AS) aortic segments was analyzed using ultrasound (PWV, pulse wave velocity) and ex vivo pressure myograph measurements. For mechanistic studies, aortic matrix-metalloproteinase (MMP) expression and activity as well as medial elastin architecture were analyzed. Results: Global aortic stiffness increased with nicotine. In particular, local stiffening of the abdominal segment occurred after 10 days, while thoracic aortic stiffness was only increased after 40 days, resulting in aortic stiffness segmentation. Mechanistically, nicotine exposure enhanced expression of MMP-2/-9 and elastolytic activity in both aortic segments. Elastin degradation occurred in both segments; however, basal elastin levels were higher in the thoracic aorta. Finally, MMP-inhibition significantly reduced nicotine-induced MMP activity, elastin destruction, and aortic stiffening. Conclusion: Chronic nicotine exposure induces aortic MMP expression and structural aortic damage (elastin fragmentation), irreversibly increasing aortic stiffness. This process predominantly affects the abdominal aortic segment, presumably due in part to a lower basal elastin content. This novel phenomenon may help to explain the role of nicotine as a major risk factor for AAA formation and has health implications for ECIGs and other modes of nicotine delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus U. Wagenhäuser
- Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, United States
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Isabel N. Schellinger
- Molecular and Translational Vascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, Heart Center at the University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research e.V., Göttingen, Germany
- Department of Endocrinology and Nephrology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Takuya Yoshino
- Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, United States
| | - Kensuke Toyama
- Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, United States
| | - Yosuke Kayama
- Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, United States
| | - Alicia Deng
- Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, United States
| | - Sabina P. Guenther
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig-Maximilian-University, Munich, Germany
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Anne Petzold
- Molecular and Translational Vascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, Heart Center at the University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Joscha Mulorz
- Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, United States
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Pireyatharsheny Mulorz
- Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, United States
| | - Gerd Hasenfuß
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research e.V., Göttingen, Germany
| | - Wiebke Ibing
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Margitta Elvers
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Andreas Schuster
- Molecular and Translational Vascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, Heart Center at the University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research e.V., Göttingen, Germany
- Department of Cardiology, Royal North Shore Hospital, The Kolling Institute, Northern Clinical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Anand K. Ramasubramanian
- Department of Biomedical, Chemical and Materials Engineering, San Jose State University, San Jose, CA, United States
| | - Matti Adam
- Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, United States
| | - Hubert Schelzig
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Joshua M. Spin
- Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, United States
| | - Uwe Raaz
- Molecular and Translational Vascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, Heart Center at the University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research e.V., Göttingen, Germany
| | - Philip S. Tsao
- Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, United States
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13
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Agho KE, Osuagwu UL, Ezeh OK, Ghimire PR, Chitekwe S, Ogbo FA. Gender differences in factors associated with prehypertension and hypertension in Nepal: A nationwide survey. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0203278. [PMID: 30212519 PMCID: PMC6136738 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0203278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nepal has one of the highest prevalence of hypertension in South Asia. However, no national studies have examined the gender differences in the determinants of prehypertension and hypertension in the country to inform targeted interventions. This study aimed to investigate gender differences in factors associated with prehypertension and hypertension in Nepal using the 2016 Nepal Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS). METHODS Sociodemographic, behavioural, anthropometric and health status data and information on hypertension were obtained from 14,857 (males: 6,245 and females: 8,612) individuals aged 15 years or above from the biomarker sample of the 2016 NDHS. Factors associated with prehypertension and hypertension by gender were investigated using generalized linear latent and mixed models (GLLAM) with the mlogit link and binomial family that adjusted for clustering and sampling weights. RESULTS The overall prevalence of prehypertension and hypertension was 26.9% [95% confidence interval (CI): 25.7, 28.1] and 17.2% (95% CI 16.1, 18.3), respectively. Prehypertension was present in 30.4% (95%CI: 28.7, 32.2) of males and 24.3% (95% CI: 23.1, 25.6) of females, while hypertension was present in 20.4%, (95% CI 18.9, 22.0) of males and 14.8% (95% CI: 13.7, 16.0) of females. Key modifiable factors that were strongly associated with prehypertension and hypertension in both genders included overweight and obesity, caffeine intake, tobacco use, no schooling, previously informed of hypertension in a health facility, and alcohol consumption (for males). Other significant factors associated with prehypertension and hypertension included increasing age (> 30 years), ecological zone (Hill), Developmental zone (Western) and being married. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that prehypertension and hypertension were higher in males compared to females. Interventions to improve awareness, screening, treatment and control of prehypertension and hypertension in Nepal are warranted and should target key modifiable factors, as well as people aged 30 years and above.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kingsley Emwinyore Agho
- School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown Campus, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Uchechukwu L. Osuagwu
- School of Medicine | Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism Translational Research Unit (DOMTRU), Macarthur Clinical School, Campbelltown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Osita K. Ezeh
- School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown Campus, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Pramesh Raj Ghimire
- School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown Campus, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Stanley Chitekwe
- United Nations Children Funds (UNICEF), United Nations House, Pulchowk, Lalitpur Nepal
| | - Felix Akpojene Ogbo
- Translational Health Research Institute, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown Campus, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
- Prescot Specialist Medical Centre, Welfare Quarters, Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria
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14
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Mehboudi MB, Nabipour I, Vahdat K, Darabi H, Raeisi A, Mehrdad N, Heshmat R, Shafiee G, Larijani B, Ostovar A. Inverse association between cigarette and water pipe smoking and hypertension in an elderly population in Iran: Bushehr elderly health programme. J Hum Hypertens 2017; 31:821-825. [PMID: 28880257 DOI: 10.1038/jhh.2017.64] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2017] [Revised: 07/16/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The collected data in Bushehr Elderly Health (BEH) Program which had detailed the data on participants' smoking status and habits, was analysed to investigate the association between smoking of both water pipes and cigarettes and hypertension in an elderly population. Three thousand elderly men and women who participated in the baseline assessment of the BEH Program-a prospective population-based study being conducted in Bushehr, Iran-were selected randomly through a multistage, stratified cluster sampling method. Systolic and diastolic blood pressures were measured twice using a mercury sphygmomanometer, and researchers asked participants about medical history of hypertension as well as history of cigarette and water pipe smoking. Researchers used binary logistic regression models to assess the association of hypertension and smoking, and found an inverse, statistically significant association between current smoking and hypertension (odds ratio (OR)=0.50 (95% confidence interval (CI)=0.41, 0.60)). The association remained statistically significant after controlling for age, education and body mass index (OR=0.54 (95% CI=0.45, 0.66)). Findings were consistent for cigarette and water pipe smoking by sex (all ORs were inverse and statistically significant). Both cigarette and water pipe smoking were associated with reduced hypertension among older people, but the strength of association was different between men and women and also between cigarette and water pipe smoking. The reasons behind the association as well as the differences observed need to be investigated through more comprehensive, longitudinal studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- M B Mehboudi
- The Persian Gulf Tropical Medicine Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - I Nabipour
- The Persian Gulf Biotechnology Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - K Vahdat
- The Persian Gulf Tropical Medicine Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - H Darabi
- The Persian Gulf Tropical Medicine Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - A Raeisi
- The Persian Gulf Tropical Medicine Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - N Mehrdad
- Elderly Health Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - R Heshmat
- Chronic Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - G Shafiee
- Chronic Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - B Larijani
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - A Ostovar
- The Persian Gulf Tropical Medicine Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
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15
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Madika AL, Mounier-Vehier C. [Smoking and blood pressure: A complex relationship]. Presse Med 2017; 46:697-702. [PMID: 28760595 DOI: 10.1016/j.lpm.2017.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypertension and tobacco smoking are two major modifiable risk factors for atheromatous disease and its cardiovascular complications. If systolic hypertension (SBP≥140mmHg and DBP<90mmHg) is the leading risk factor for stroke, smoking (nicotine) has a more powerful impact on coronary events, aortic aneurysms, and peripheral artery disease. Smoking can transiently modify the regulation of blood pressure (BP) by a swift effect on the autonomic nervous system. It also accelerates arterial aging, which plays a role in chronic hypertension. Chronic sympathetic activation induced by tobacco smoking also has some involvement in lipid metabolism and insulin resistance, both implicated in atheromatous disease. Thus, smoking can contribute to the development of atheromatous renal artery stenosis, which is an aggravating cause of hypertension. It may also reduce the effectiveness of most antihypertensive drugs. Finally, it is often associated with increased alcohol consumption. All these factors may contribute to poor blood pressure control in these high-risk CV patients. Smoking cessation is effective regardless of patient age and length of consumption. Every effort should thus be made to support smoking cessation. This is the objective of the French "Plan Sans Tabac" (No Tobacco Plan) and the related actions conducted by the French Federation of Cardiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Laure Madika
- CHU de Lille, université de Lille, institut cœur-poumon, médecine vasculaire et HTA, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Claire Mounier-Vehier
- CHU de Lille, université de Lille, institut cœur-poumon, médecine vasculaire et HTA, 59000 Lille, France.
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16
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Lee GW, Bae MJ, Yang JY, Son JW, Cho JL, Lee SG, Jang BM, Lee HW, Lim JS, Shin DC, Lim YW. Decreased blood pressure associated with in-vehicle exposure to carbon monoxide in Korean volunteers. Environ Health Prev Med 2017; 22:34. [PMID: 29165122 PMCID: PMC5664420 DOI: 10.1186/s12199-017-0622-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Carbon monoxide (CO) is one of the primary components of emissions from light-duty vehicles, and reportedly comprises 77% of all pollutants emitted in terms of concentration. Exposure to CO aggravates cardiovascular disease and causes other health disorders. The study was aimed to assess the negative effects by injecting different amounts of CO concentration directly to human volunteers boarding in the car. Methods Human volunteers were exposed to CO concentrations of 0, 33.2, and 72.4 ppm, respectively during the first test and 0, 30.3, and 48.8 ppm respectively during the second test while seated in the car. The volunteers were exposed to each concentration for approximately 45 min. After exposure, blood pressure measurement, blood collection (carboxyhemoglobin [COHb] analysis), medical interview, echocardiography test, and cognitive reaction test were performed. Result In patients who were exposed to a mean concentration of CO for 72.4 ± 1.4 ppm during the first exposure test and 48.8 ± 3.7 ppm during the second exposure test, the COHb level exceeded 2%. Moreover, the diastolic blood pressure was decreased while increasing in CO concentration after exposure. The medical interview findings showed that the degree of fatigue was increased and the degree of concentration was reduced when the exposed concentration of CO was increased. Conclusion Although the study had a limited sample size, we found that even a low concentration of CO flowing into a car could have a negative influence on human health, such as change of blood pressure and degree of fatigue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geon-Woo Lee
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, Korea.,The Institute for Environmental Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Mun-Joo Bae
- Graduate School of Public Health, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji-Yeon Yang
- The Institute for Environmental Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung-Woo Son
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae-Lim Cho
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon, Korea
| | - Sang-Gyu Lee
- The Institute for Environmental Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Bo-Mi Jang
- The Institute for Environmental Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun-Woo Lee
- Korea Automobile Testing & Research Institute, 200 Samjon-ro, Songsan-myun, Hwaseong-si, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Jong-Soon Lim
- Korea Automobile Testing & Research Institute, 200 Samjon-ro, Songsan-myun, Hwaseong-si, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Dong-Chun Shin
- The Institute for Environmental Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young-Wook Lim
- The Institute for Environmental Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, Korea.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE High blood pressure early in life is associated with cardiovascular disease morbidity and mortality in adulthood. The objective was to identify sex-specific trajectories of SBP and DBP from early adolescence to early adulthood and to assess the impact of modifiable factors on the trajectories, including BMI, smoking, alcohol use, physical activity, and screen-time. METHODS Data were drawn from four waves of a prospective investigation of 1294 youth aged 12-13 years at inception and followed until age 24 years. Group-based trajectory models were used to identify trajectories and assess the impact of modifiable factors in 403 men and 432 women. RESULTS Three SBP trajectories were identified in men [corresponding to low (43.2%), medium (45.2%), and high SBP (11.7%)] and women [corresponding to low (48.1%), medium (44.7%), and high SBP (7.2%)]. Similar results were observed for DBP in both sexes. BMI and smoking were associated with higher SBP and DBP values in most trajectory groups, whereas screen-time in both sexes and physical activity in women were associated with high SBP trajectories only. CONCLUSION There is heterogeneity in the sex-specific natural course of SBP and DBP in youth and in the magnitude of the effect of modifiable factors on SBP and DBP across trajectories. Distinguishing trajectories allows identification of subgroups at risk of hypertension and cardiovascular disease later in life and in addition can inform the design of targeted interventions to attenuate high SBP and DBP trajectories over time and maintain normal trajectories.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW In 1954 Harman proposed the free radical theory of aging, and in 1972 he suggested that mitochondria are both the source and the victim of toxic free radicals. Interestingly, hypertension is an age-associated disease and clinical data show that by age 70, 70% of the population has hypertension and this is accompanied by oxidative stress. Antioxidant therapy, however, is not currently available and common antioxidants such as ascorbate and vitamin E are ineffective in preventing hypertension. The present review focuses on the molecular mechanisms of mitochondrial oxidative stress and the therapeutic potential of targeting mitochondria in hypertension. RECENT FINDINGS Over the past several years, we have shown that the mitochondria become dysfunctional in hypertension and have defined a novel role of mitochondrial superoxide radicals in this disease. We have shown that genetic manipulation of mitochondrial antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase affects blood pressure, and have developed mitochondria-targeted therapies such as mitochondrial superoxide dismutase mimetics that effectively lower blood pressure. However, the specific mechanism of mitochondrial oxidative stress in hypertension remains unclear. Recent animal and clinical studies have demonstrated several hormonal, metabolic, inflammatory, and environmental pathways contributing to mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress. SUMMARY Nutritional supplements, calorie restriction, and life style change are the most effective preventive strategies to improve mitochondrial function and reduce mitochondrial oxidative stress. Aging associated mitochondrial dysfunction, however, reduces the efficacy of these strategies. Therefore, we propose that new classes of mitochondria-targeted antioxidants can provide a high therapeutic potential to improve endothelial function and reduce hypertension.
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19
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the socioeconomic and behavioural risk factors associated with hypertension among a sample male and female population in India. SETTING Cross-sectional survey data from a Health and Demographic Surveillance System (HDSS) of rural West Bengal, India was used. PARTICIPANTS 27 589 adult individuals (13 994 males and 13 595 females), aged ≥18 years, were included in the study. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES Hypertension was defined as mean systolic blood pressure (SBP) ≥140 mm Hg or diastolic blood pressure (DBP) ≥90 mm Hg, or if the subject was undergoing regular antihypertensive therapy. Prehypertension was defined as SBP 120-139 mm Hg and DBP 80-89 mm Hg. Individuals were categorised as non-normotensives, which includes both the prehypertensives and hypertensives. Generalised ordered logit model (GOLM) was deployed to fulfil the study objective. RESULTS Over 39% of the men and 25% of the women were prehypertensives. Almost 12.5% of the men and 11.3% of the women were diagnosed as hypertensives. Women were less likely to be non-normotensive compared to males. Odds ratios estimated from GOLM indicate that women were less likely to be hypertensive or prehypertensive, and age (OR 1.04, 95% CI 1.03 to 1.05; and OR 1.08, 95% CI 1.07 to 1.09 for males and females, respectively) and body mass index (OR 1.64, 95% CI 1.38 to 1.97 for males; and OR 1.32, 95% CI 1.08 to 1.60 for females) are associated with hypertension. CONCLUSIONS An elevated level of hypertension exists among a select group of the rural Indian population. Focusing on men, an intervention could be designed for lifestyle modification to curb the prevalence of hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saswata Ghosh
- Society for Health and Demographic Surveillance, Suri, West Bengal, India
- Institute of Development Studies Kolkata, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | | | - Anamitra Barik
- Society for Health and Demographic Surveillance, Suri, West Bengal, India
- Niramay TB Sanatorium and Chest Clinic, District Hospital, Suri, Birbhum, West Bengal, India
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Verrico CD, Haile CN, De La Garza R, Grasing K, Kosten TR, Newton TF. Subjective and Cardiovascular Effects of Intravenous Methamphetamine during Perindopril Maintenance: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Human Laboratory Study. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2016; 19:pyw029. [PMID: 27207905 PMCID: PMC4966279 DOI: 10.1093/ijnp/pyw029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2015] [Accepted: 03/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Our pilot study suggested that the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor perindopril might reduce some subjective effects produced by i.v. methamphetamine. We characterized the impact of a wider range of perindopril doses on methamphetamine-induced effects in a larger group of non-treatment-seeking, methamphetamine-using volunteers. METHODS Before treatment, participants received 30mg methamphetamine. After 5 to 7 days of perindopril treatment (0, 4, 8, or 16mg/d), participants received 15 and 30mg of methamphetamine on alternate days. Before and after treatment, participants rated subjective effects and cardiovascular measures were collected. RESULTS Prior to treatment with perindopril, there were no significant differences between treatment groups on maximum or peak subjective ratings or on peak cardiovascular effects. Following perindopril treatment, there were significant main effects of treatment on peak subjective ratings of "anxious" and "stimulated"; compared to placebo treatment, treatment with 8mg perindopril significantly reduced peak ratings of both anxious (P=.0009) and stimulated (P=.0070). There were no significant posttreatment differences between groups on peak cardiovascular effects. CONCLUSIONS Moderate doses of perindopril (8mg) significantly reduced peak subjective ratings of anxious and stimulated as well as attenuated many other subjective effects produced by methamphetamine, likely by inhibiting angiotensin II synthesis. Angiotensin II is known to facilitate the effects of norepinephrine, which contributes to methamphetamine's subjective effects. The lack of a classic dose-response function likely results from either nonspecific effects of perindopril or from between-group differences that were not accounted for in the current study (i.e., genetic variations and/or caffeine use). The current findings suggest that while angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors can reduce some effects produced by methamphetamine, more consistent treatment effects might be achieved by targeting components of the renin-angiotensin system that are downstream of angiotensin-converting enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher D Verrico
- Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (Drs Verrico, Haile, De La Garza, Kosten, and Newton), Department of Pharmacology (Drs Verrico, De La Garza, Kosten, and Newton), and Department of Neuroscience (Drs De La Garza and Kosten), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Kansas City, Missouri (Dr Grasing); University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City, Missouri (Dr Grasing).
| | - Colin N Haile
- Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (Drs Verrico, Haile, De La Garza, Kosten, and Newton), Department of Pharmacology (Drs Verrico, De La Garza, Kosten, and Newton), and Department of Neuroscience (Drs De La Garza and Kosten), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Kansas City, Missouri (Dr Grasing); University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City, Missouri (Dr Grasing)
| | - Richard De La Garza
- Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (Drs Verrico, Haile, De La Garza, Kosten, and Newton), Department of Pharmacology (Drs Verrico, De La Garza, Kosten, and Newton), and Department of Neuroscience (Drs De La Garza and Kosten), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Kansas City, Missouri (Dr Grasing); University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City, Missouri (Dr Grasing)
| | - Kenneth Grasing
- Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (Drs Verrico, Haile, De La Garza, Kosten, and Newton), Department of Pharmacology (Drs Verrico, De La Garza, Kosten, and Newton), and Department of Neuroscience (Drs De La Garza and Kosten), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Kansas City, Missouri (Dr Grasing); University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City, Missouri (Dr Grasing)
| | - Thomas R Kosten
- Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (Drs Verrico, Haile, De La Garza, Kosten, and Newton), Department of Pharmacology (Drs Verrico, De La Garza, Kosten, and Newton), and Department of Neuroscience (Drs De La Garza and Kosten), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Kansas City, Missouri (Dr Grasing); University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City, Missouri (Dr Grasing)
| | - Thomas F Newton
- Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (Drs Verrico, Haile, De La Garza, Kosten, and Newton), Department of Pharmacology (Drs Verrico, De La Garza, Kosten, and Newton), and Department of Neuroscience (Drs De La Garza and Kosten), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Kansas City, Missouri (Dr Grasing); University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City, Missouri (Dr Grasing)
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Attard SM, Herring AH, Zhang B, Du S, Popkin BM, Gordon-Larsen P. Associations between age, cohort, and urbanization with SBP and DBP in China: a population-based study across 18 years. J Hypertens 2016; 33:948-56. [PMID: 25668349 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000000522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Little is known about whether large-scale environmental changes, such as those seen with urbanization, are differentially associated with SBP versus DBP, and whether those changes vary by birth cohort. METHODS We used data from the China Health and Nutrition Survey, a population-based cohort study of Chinese adults (n = 18 754 aged 18-70 years), seen a maximum of seven times from 1991 to 2009. We used hierarchical multivariable linear models to simultaneously estimate SBP and DBP as correlated outcomes over time, accounting for their physiologic, time-varying correlation. Main exposure variables were urbanicity, age, and birth cohort. Over 18 years of modernization, median SBP and DBP increased by 10 and 7 mmHg, respectively. RESULTS Our hierarchical model results suggest greater temporal increases in SBP and particularly DBP at lower versus higher urbanicity. At the same chronological age, for a 10-year difference in birth cohort (i.e. born in 1980s versus 1970s), the adjusted mean DBP was approximately 3 mmHg higher for the later birth cohort (P < 0.001). Pulse pressure (calculated as model-predicted SBP minus DBP) was also higher at low versus high urbanicity. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest increased susceptibility of DBP (and thus peripheral vascular resistance) to environmental change, particularly in younger Chinese adults. Because DBP more strongly predicts cardiovascular disease risk in younger adulthood, hypertension-related health burden in China may increase over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha M Attard
- aDepartment of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health bCarolina Population Center cDepartment of Biostatistics, Gillings School of Global Public Health, UNC-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA dNational Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
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Impact of a Workplace Health Promotion Program on Employees' Blood Pressure in a Public University. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0148307. [PMID: 26840508 PMCID: PMC4739732 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0148307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2015] [Accepted: 01/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Workplace health promotion is important in the prevention of non-communicable diseases among employees. Previous workplace health programs have shown benefits such as lowered disease prevalence, reduced medical costs and improved productivity. This study aims to evaluate the impact of a 6-year workplace health promotion program on employees' blood pressure in a public university. METHODS In this prospective cohort study, we included 1,365 employees enrolled in the university's workplace health promotion program, a program conducted since 2008 and using data from the 2008-2013 follow-up period. Participants were permanent employees aged 35 years and above, with at least one follow up measurements and no change in antihypertensive medication during the study period. Baseline socio-demographic information was collected using a questionnaire while anthropometry measurements and resting blood pressure were collected during annual health screening. Changes in blood pressure over time were analyzed using a linear mixed model. RESULTS The systolic blood pressure in the hypertension subgroup decreased 2.36 mmHg per year (p<0.0001). There was also significant improvement in systolic blood pressure among the participants who were at risk of hypertension (-0.75 mmHg, p<0.001). The diastolic blood pressure among the hypertensive and at risk subgroups improved 1.76 mmHg/year (p<0.001) and 0.56 mmHg/year (p<0.001), respectively. However, there was no change in both systolic and diastolic blood pressure among participants in the healthy subgroup over the 6-year period. CONCLUSION This study shows that continuing participation in workplace health promotion program has the potential to improve blood pressure levels among employees.
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KIM Y, LEE S. Prevalence and Risk Factors Associated with Prehypertension by Gender and Age in a Korean Population in the KNHANES 2010-2012. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH 2015; 44:1594-602. [PMID: 26811810 PMCID: PMC4724732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2015] [Accepted: 07/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prehypertension frequently progresses into hypertension and is related to an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. We studied the prevalence of prehypertension and their determinants by gender and age. METHODS The study used nationally representative data from 11,754 participants aged 20-91 years collected between 2010-2012 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (KNHANES). RESULTS Prehypertension was more prevalent in men than women (aOR = 2.48, CI = 2.11-2.92). Aging was positively associated with prehypertension (40-59 vs. 20-39, aOR = 1.79, CI = 1.55-2.05; 60+ vs. 20-39, aOR = 2.89, CI = 2.35-3.56). In women aged ≥60, prehypertension was associated with WC (aOR = 1.04, CI = 1.00-1.07), whereas in both men and women aged 20-39, it was associated with BMI (men, aOR = 1.14, CI = 1.04-1.24; women, aOR = 1.08, CI = 1.01-1.16). In subjects aged 40-59, age (men, aOR = 1.03, CI = 1.01-1.06; women, aOR = 1.05, CI = 1.02-1.07) was the significant factor increasing the risk of prehypertension, whereas smoking (men, aOR = 0.55, CI = 0.38-0.80; women, aOR = 0.43, CI = 0.24-0.76) showed an inverse association with prehypertension. Alcohol intake showed a positive association with prehypertension in only men aged 40-59. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that different gender/age groups may have different patterns of risk factors associated with prehypertension. Thus, healthcare providers should consider both gender and age when designing community-based interventions for controlling BP and reducing prehypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngbum KIM
- Hallym University Institute of Aging, Hallym University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Seunghee LEE
- Dept. of Nursing, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, South Korea
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Seow LSE, Subramaniam M, Abdin E, Vaingankar JA, Chong SA. Hypertension and its associated risks among Singapore elderly residential population. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcgg.2015.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Sternberg Z. Genetic, Epigenetic, and Environmental Factors Influencing Neurovisceral Integration of Cardiovascular Modulation: Focus on Multiple Sclerosis. Neuromolecular Med 2015; 18:16-36. [PMID: 26502224 DOI: 10.1007/s12017-015-8375-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Thought to be an autoimmune inflammatory CNS disease, multiple sclerosis (MS) involves multiple pathologies with heterogeneous clinical presentations. An impaired neurovisceral integration of cardiovascular modulation, indicated by sympathetic and parasympathetic autonomic nervous system (ANS) dysfunction, is among common MS clinical presentations. ANS dysfunction could not only enhance MS inflammatory and neurodegenerative processes, but can also lead to clinical symptoms such as depression, fatigue, sleep disorder, migraine, osteoporosis, and cerebral hemodynamic impairments. Therefore, factors influencing ANS functional activities, in one way or another, will have a significant impact on MS disease course. This review describes the genetic and epigenetic factors, and their interactions with a number of environmental factors contributing to the neurovisceral integration of cardiovascular modulation, with a focus on MS. Future studies should investigate the improvement in cardiovascular ANS function, as a strategy for preventing and minimizing MS-related morbidities, and improving patients' quality of life.
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Vahedian Z, Amini H, Tehrani MH, Zarei R, Moghimi S, Mozaffarieh M, Fakhraie G. Retinal venous pressure in chronic smokers. EPMA J 2015; 6:8. [PMID: 25926905 PMCID: PMC4413992 DOI: 10.1186/s13167-015-0031-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2014] [Accepted: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background The overall aim of this study was to determine retinal venous pressure (RVP) in healthy chronic smokers and compare values to those of healthy non-smokers. Methods Both eyes of 25 healthy chronic smokers and 41 healthy non-smokers were included. Measurements of RVP were performed by means of contact lens ophthalmodynamometry. Ophthalmodynamometry is done by applying increasing force on the eye via a contact lens. If a spontaneous venous pulsation was present, it was noted. If not, the compressive force was increased until the first venous pulsation was detected, and the measurement value was fixed and read. RVP was calculated as the sum of pressure increase induced by the instrument and intraocular pressure. Results Smokers had a significantly higher frequency of spontaneous venous pulsations than non-smokers (p < 0.001). Mean values of RVP were slightly lower in smokers than in non-smokers: 15.3 and 15.5 (smokers) versus 15.9 and 16.2 (non-smokers) for the right and left eye, respectively; however, the difference in RVP between the two groups did not reach significance. There was no significant difference in blood pressure between the two groups, but heart rate was significantly higher in smokers (p = 0.043). Conclusions RVP values may differ in healthy smokers than in non-smokers. Therefore, smoking habits should be considered when interpreting RVP results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zakieh Vahedian
- Glaucoma Service, Farabi Eye Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin Sq., South Kargar Ave., Tehran, 1336616351 Iran
| | - Heidar Amini
- Glaucoma Service, Farabi Eye Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin Sq., South Kargar Ave., Tehran, 1336616351 Iran
| | - Mehdi Hosseini Tehrani
- Glaucoma Service, Farabi Eye Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin Sq., South Kargar Ave., Tehran, 1336616351 Iran
| | - Reza Zarei
- Glaucoma Service, Farabi Eye Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin Sq., South Kargar Ave., Tehran, 1336616351 Iran
| | - Sasan Moghimi
- Glaucoma Service, Farabi Eye Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin Sq., South Kargar Ave., Tehran, 1336616351 Iran
| | | | - Ghasem Fakhraie
- Glaucoma Service, Farabi Eye Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin Sq., South Kargar Ave., Tehran, 1336616351 Iran
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Shamsi A, Baheiraei A, Khaghani S, Mohsenifar A, Kazemnejad A. The Reduction of Maternal Milk Proteins in Mothers Exposed to Passive Smoking: A Prospective Cohort Study. WOMEN’S HEALTH BULLETIN 2015. [DOI: 10.17795/whb-24973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Serum cotinine levels and prehypertension in never smokers. Int J Hypertens 2013; 2013:284524. [PMID: 23476744 PMCID: PMC3588205 DOI: 10.1155/2013/284524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2012] [Accepted: 01/09/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background. Few studies have shown that self-reported secondhand smoke exposure in never smokers is associated with high blood pressure. However, there are no studies investigating the relationship between secondhand smoke exposure, measured objectively by serum cotinine levels, and high blood pressure in never smokers.
Methods. We examined never smokers (n = 2027) from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005–2008. Our exposure of interest was the secondhand smoke exposure estimated by serum cotinine level and our outcome was prehypertension (n = 734), defined as a systolic blood pressure of 120–139 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure of 80–89 mmHg. Results. We found that, in never smokers, serum cotinine levels were positively associated with prehypertension. Compared to those with cotinine levels in the lowest quartile (≤0.024 ng/mL), the multivariable odds ratio (95% confidence interval) of prehypertension among those with cotinine levels in the highest quartile (≥0.224 ng/mL) was 1.45(1.00, 2.11); P trend = 0.0451. In subsequent subgroup analyses, the positive association was found to be stronger among men, non-Whites, and non-obese subjects. Conclusion. Higher secondhand smoke exposure measured objectively by serum cotinine levels was found to be associated with prehypertension in certain subgroups of a representative sample of the US population.
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Leite MLC, Moriguchi EH, Lima-Costa MF. Interactive effects of ApoE polymorphism, alcohol and smoking on age-related trends of blood pressure levels in elderly men: the Bambuì Cohort Study of Ageing (1997-2008). J Hum Hypertens 2013; 27:497-503. [PMID: 23324992 DOI: 10.1038/jhh.2012.70] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2012] [Revised: 12/06/2012] [Accepted: 12/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Data from a population-based prospective study were used to examine longitudinal changes in blood pressure (BP) and seek interactions between apolipoprotein E (ApoE) genotypes, smoking and alcohol in a cohort of 557 elderly Brazilian men. Repeated BP measurements were obtained in four waves, and multi-level random-effects pattern-mixture models were used to evaluate age-related BP trajectories while accounting for non-ignorable dropouts/deaths and handling heterogeneities as random parameter variations. Alcohol was associated with high systolic BP in ε2 carriers and those with the ε3/3 genotype, but not in ε4 carriers. This was dependent on age and smoking habits: at the age of 60, expected systolic BP in alcohol drinking ε2 carriers was 16.5 mm Hg higher than in the reference group of non-smokers/non-drinkers if they were not smokers (P=0.049), and 28.6 mm Hg higher if they were also smokers (P=0.004). The youngest smoking/non-drinking ε2 carriers had lower systolic BP, but it increased rapidly and led to higher expected levels among older carriers. Alcohol consumption, alone or together with smoking, interacts with the effects of ApoE genotype on systolic BP, probably nullifying the more favourable lipid profile of ε2 carriers. The interactions of gene-modifiable risk factors have major public health implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L C Leite
- Institute of Biomedical Technologies/CNR, Italian National Research Council, Milan, Italy.
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Kaakinen M, Ducci F, Sillanpää MJ, Läärä E, Järvelin MR. Associations between variation in CHRNA5-CHRNA3-CHRNB4, body mass index and blood pressure in the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966. PLoS One 2012; 7:e46557. [PMID: 23029550 PMCID: PMC3459914 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0046557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2012] [Accepted: 09/01/2012] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The CHRNA5-CHRNA3-CHRNB4 gene cluster on 15q25 has consistently been associated with smoking quantity, nicotine dependence and lung cancer. Recent research also points towards its involvement in cardiovascular homeostasis, but studies in large human samples are lacking, especially on the role of the gene cluster in blood pressure regulation. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS We studied the associations between 18 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in CHRNA5-CHRNA3-CHRNB4 and systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and body mass index (BMI) in 5402 young adults from the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966. We observed some evidence for associations between two SNPs and SBP and between six SNPs and BMI; the evidence for associations with DBP was weaker. The associations with the three phenotypes were driven by different loci with low linkage disequilibrium with each other. The associations appeared more pronounced in smokers, such that the smoking-increasing alleles would predict lower SBP and BMI. Each additional copy of the rs1948 G-allele and the rs950776 A-allele reduced SBP on average by -1.21 (95% CI -2.01, -0.40) mmHg in smokers. The variants associated with BMI included rs2036534, rs6495309, rs1996371, rs6495314, rs4887077 and rs11638372 and had an average effect size of -0.38 (-0.68, -0.08) kg/m(2) per an additional copy of the risk allele in smokers. Formal assessments of interactions provided weaker support for these findings, especially after adjustment for multiple testing. CONCLUSIONS Variation at 15q25 appears to interact with smoking status in influencing SBP and BMI. The genetic loci associated with SBP were in low linkage disequilibrium with those associated with BMI suggesting that the gene cluster might regulate SBP through biological mechanisms that partly differ from those regulating BMI. Further studies in larger samples are needed for more precise evaluation of the possible interactions, and to understand the mechanisms behind.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marika Kaakinen
- Institute of Health Sciences, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
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Berlin I, Lin S, Lima JAC, Bertoni AG. Smoking Status and Metabolic Syndrome in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis. A cross-sectional study. Tob Induc Dis 2012; 10:9. [PMID: 22716943 PMCID: PMC3489525 DOI: 10.1186/1617-9625-10-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2012] [Accepted: 06/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Current smoking is associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus and impaired glucose tolerance but its association with the metabolic syndrome (metS), particularly with sufficiently sampled African American representation, has not been clearly established. Objective To assess whether a) metS is associated with smoking; b) any increased risk of metS among smokers is independent of body mass index (BMI) compared with non-smokers; c) smoking status is differentially associated with the metS and its components across different ethnic groups. Methods Cross sectional analysis of the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) a community population-based sample free of cardiovascular disease. Results Current smokers (N = 769) had higher risk of metS (odds ratio [OR, 95% confidence interval]: 1.4, 1.1-1.7) versus never (reference, N = 2981) and former smokers (1.0, 0.8-1.1, N = 2163) and for metS components: high waist circumference (WC) (OR:1.9, 1.2-2.1), low high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (1.5, 1.3-1.8), elevated plasma triglycerides (TG) (OR:1.4, 1.2-1.7) as well as high C-reactive protein (CRP, an inflammatory marker) concentration (OR: 1.6,1.3-2.0) compared to never and former smokers after adjustment for BMI. A smoking status by ethnicity interaction occurred such that African American current and former smokers had greater likelihood of low HDL-C than White counterparts. Conclusions This study found that smoking is associated with the metS and despite the lower BMI of current smokers the prevalence of low HDL-C, elevated TG and CRP is higher among them than among non-smokers. African Americans generally have higher HDL-C than Whites but smoking wipes out this advantage. Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT00005487
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Berlin
- Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Université P, & M, Curie, Faculté de médecine, INSERM 894, Paris, France.
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Abstract
The primary objective of this article is to analyze the role of tobacco smoke compounds able to damage the cardiovascular system and, in particular, to interfere with blood pressure. They are products of tobacco plant leaves, like nicotine, thiocyanate and aromatic amines, and a chemical derived from cigarette combustion, carbon monoxide. Of the other thousands of chemicals, there is no clear evidence of cardiovascular damage. Nicotine and its major metabolite, cotinine, usually increase blood pressure by a direct action and an action stimulating neuro-humoral metabolites of the body as well as sympathetic stimulation. An indirect mechanism of damage exerted by elevated carboxyhemoglobin concentrations is mediated by carbon monoxide, which, mainly induces arterial wall damage and, consequently, late rising in blood pressure by a toxic direct action on endothelial and blood cells. Thiocyanate, in turn, reinforces the hypoxic effects determined by carbon monoxide. Aromatic amines, depending on their chemical structure, may exert toxic effects on the cardiovascular system although they have little effect on blood pressure. A rise in blood pressure determined by smoking compounds is a consequence of both their direct toxicity and the characteristics of their chemical chains that are strongly reactive with a large number of molecules for their spatial shape. In addition, a rise in blood pressure has been documented in individuals smoking a cigarette, acutely and chronically, with irreversible artery wall alterations several years after beginning smoking. Since cigarette smoking has a worldwide diffusion, the evidence of this topic meets the interest of both the scientific community and those individuals aiming to control smoking.
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Hossain M, Mazzone P, Tierney W, Cucullo L. In vitro assessment of tobacco smoke toxicity at the BBB: do antioxidant supplements have a protective role? BMC Neurosci 2011; 12:92. [PMID: 21943155 PMCID: PMC3196733 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2202-12-92] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2011] [Accepted: 09/24/2011] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tobacco smoke (TS) contains highly reactive oxygen species (such as hydrogen peroxide, peroxynitrite, etc), which cause oxidative damage in vascular tissue and may exacerbate inflammatory events leading to the blood-brain barrier damage (BBBD) which accompanies the development of a variety of neurological disorders. Smokers often have elevated leukocyte counts (primarily neutrophils and monocytes), and significant decreases in plasma alpha-tocopherol (vitamin E) and ascorbic acid (vitamin C) levels due to increased anti-oxidative mobilization in response to oxidative stress evoked by TS. For this purpose, using static culture systems and a well-established dynamic in vitro BBB model (DIV-BBB) we tested the hypothesis that antioxidant vitamin supplementation (E and/or C) can protect the BBB during exposure to whole soluble TS. RESULTS TS exacerbates inflammatory events and leads to endothelial overexpression of vascular adhesion molecules (VCAM-1, P-selectin and E-selectin), release of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-6) and nitric oxide (NO), release and activation of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-2 and MMP-9), monocytic maturation into macrophages, and adhesion to the vascular endothelium. Furthermore, TS altered the normal glucose metabolic behaviour of in vitro BBB capillaries and caused a period of transient anaerobic respiration to meet the cellular bioenergetic demand. Pre-treatment with antioxidant vitamins (C and/or E) effectively reduced the pro-inflammatory activity associated with TS, protecting the viability and functions of the BBB. CONCLUSION Our results have shown that loss of endothelial viability as well as BBB function and integrity caused by TS exposure can be prevented or at least reduced by normal physiologic concentrations of antioxidant vitamins in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Hossain
- Cerebrovascular Research, Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195 USA
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