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Sharma A, Ray A, Sathaye S, Singhal RS. A supercritical fluid co-extract of turmeric powder and dried coconut shreds shows neuroprotection against AlCl 3-induced Alzheimer's disease in rats through nose to brain delivery. Bioorg Chem 2024; 143:107046. [PMID: 38141332 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.107046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023]
Abstract
This study was aimed at investigating the neuroprotective potential of a co-extract obtained by supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) of turmeric powder and dried coconut shreds against aluminium chloride (AlCl3)-induced Alzheimer's disease (AD) in male Wistar rats. Fifty animals were allocated to five groups, which received saline (vehicle control, group 1), a combination of saline and aluminium chloride (AlCl3) (disease control, group 2), coconut oil (COO) (SFE extracted, treatment group 3), turmeric oleoresin (Cur) (SFE extracted, treatment group 4) and SFE co-extract of turmeric powder and coconut shreds (CurCOO) (treatment group 5). Animals were subjected to behavioural evaluation. In addition, the hippocampal section of the brain from all groups was subjected to biochemical, molecular and histopathological evaluations. The results showed CurCOO administered intranasally improved cognitive abilities, reversed histological alterations in the brain, reduced hippocampus inflammation studied through proinflammatory cytokine markers like TNF-α and IL-6 as compared to the disease control group. The impact of CurCOO on preventive neurodegeneration was also observed through a reduction in protein transcription factor NF-kB in the treated group 5 as compared to a disease control group. The effect of intranasal delivery of CurCOO on the neurons responsible for memory consolidation was evident from low acetylcholinesterase (AChE) enzyme activity in the treated groups with respect to AlCl3 induced group. Summarily, the results demonstrated intranasal delivery of CurCOO to show better efficacy than Cur and COO in preventing neurodegeneration associated with AlCl3 induced Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhinav Sharma
- Department of Food Engineering & Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai 400019, India
| | - Aratrika Ray
- Department of Food Engineering & Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai 400019, India
| | - Sadhana Sathaye
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai 400019, India
| | - Rekha S Singhal
- Department of Food Engineering & Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai 400019, India.
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Asch RH, Pothula S, Toyonaga T, Fowles K, Groman SM, Garcia-Milian R, DiLeone RJ, Taylor JR, Esterlis I. Examining sex differences in responses to footshock stress and the role of the metabotropic glutamate receptor 5: an [ 18F]FPEB and positron emission tomography study in rats. Neuropsychopharmacology 2023; 48:489-497. [PMID: 36100654 PMCID: PMC9852230 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-022-01441-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Clinical investigations suggest involvement of the metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5) in the pathophysiology of fear learning that underlies trauma-related disorders. Here, we utilized a 4-day fear learning paradigm combined with positron emission tomography (PET) to examine the relationship between mGluR5 availability and differences in the response of rats to repeated footshock exposure (FE). Specifically, on day 1, male (n = 16) and female (n = 12) rats received 15 footshocks and were compared with control rats who did not receive footshocks (n = 7 male; n = 4 female). FE rats were classified as low responders (LR) or high responders (HR) based on freezing to the context the following day (day 2). PET with [18F]FPEB was used to calculate regional mGluR5 binding potential (BPND) at two timepoints: prior to FE (i.e., baseline), and post-behavioral testing. Additionally, we used an unbiased proteomics approach to assess group and sex differences in prefrontal cortex (PFC) protein expression. Post-behavioral testing we observed decreased BPND in LR females, but increased BPND in HR males relative to baseline. Further, individuals displaying the greatest freezing during the FE context memory test had the largest increases in PFC BPND. Males and females displayed unique post-test molecular profiles: in males, the greatest differences were between FE and CON, including upregulation of mGluR5 and related molecular networks in FE, whereas the greatest differences among females were between the LR and HR groups. These findings suggest greater mGluR5 availability increases following footshock exposure may be related to greater contextual fear memory. Results additionally reveal sex differences in the molecular response to footshock, including differential involvement of mGluR5-related molecular networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth H Asch
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
| | - Santosh Pothula
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Takuya Toyonaga
- Department of Radiology & Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Krista Fowles
- Department of Radiology & Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Stephanie M Groman
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Rolando Garcia-Milian
- Bioinformatics Support Program, Cushing/Whitney Medical Library, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Ralph J DiLeone
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jane R Taylor
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Yale University, Department of Psychology, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Irina Esterlis
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Yale University, Department of Psychology, New Haven, CT, USA
- US Department of Veterans Affairs National Center for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA
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Zhang Y, Cui H, Mei H, Yang L, Xin C. Effect of Hypoxic-Ischemic Brain Injury in Neonatal Rats on Behavioral Parameters and Expression of CDK8 in the Brain Tissue. Bull Exp Biol Med 2022; 174:13-17. [PMID: 36449110 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-022-05638-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Behavioral changes in newborn 3-day-old rats (n=44) with modeled hypoxic-ischemic brain injury (HIBI) were observed, and the expression of CDK8 in brain tissues was detected to clarify the significance of CDK8. In 30 min, 3 h, and 3 days after HIBI, the left (ischemic) hemisphere was taken for examination. In 3 days after HIBI, the rat pups were examined in the behavioral tests. In rat pups with HIBI, changes of CDK8 expression were detected by Western blotting and real-time PCR and changes in the righting reflex and forelimb grip strength test (p<0.05) were revealed in comparison with sham-operated animals. The expression of CDK8 increased 30 min after HIBI and decreased in 3 h and 3 days. Hypoxia and ischemia of the left brain may affect locomotion, but not sensation. Since CDK8 is involved in the immune response after cerebral hypoxia and ischemia, this kinase can be used as an early diagnostic index.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Zhang
- Department of Pediatric, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - H Cui
- Department of Pediatric, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - H Mei
- Department of Neonatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - L Yang
- Department of Pediatric, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - C Xin
- Department of Neonatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
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Petković A, Chaudhury D. Encore: Behavioural animal models of stress, depression and mood disorders. Front Behav Neurosci 2022; 16:931964. [PMID: 36004305 PMCID: PMC9395206 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2022.931964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Animal studies over the past two decades have led to extensive advances in our understanding of pathogenesis of depressive and mood disorders. Among these, rodent behavioural models proved to be of highest informative value. Here, we present a comprehensive overview of the most popular behavioural models with respect to physiological, circuit, and molecular biological correlates. Behavioural stress paradigms and behavioural tests are assessed in terms of outcomes, strengths, weaknesses, and translational value, especially in the domain of pharmacological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dipesh Chaudhury
- Laboratory of Neural Systems and Behaviour, Department of Biology, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
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Chang M, Zhang L, Dai H, Sun L. Genistein acts as antidepressant agent against chronic mild stress-induced depression model of rats through augmentation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor. Brain Behav 2021; 11:e2300. [PMID: 34333865 PMCID: PMC8413810 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.2300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, the antidepression effects of genistein were investigated in rats induced with chronic mild stress. Animals were designated into the following groups: normal control, control, 10 mg, and 100 mg. The dose was given for 45 consecutive days via the oral route. Sucrose preference analysis, forced swim, and open field tests were performed, and serum cortisol and monoamine levels in brain tissue were determined. The mRNA and protein expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) was also examined. Supplementation with genistein significantly increased the sucrose preference ratio, locomotor activity, and monoamines and decreased serum cortisol levels. The mRNA expression of BDNF in the brain tissue was substantially reduced by 0.73% in control rats. However, supplementation with genistein significantly increased BDNF mRNA expression (by 107% and 229.6% in groups 10 mg and 100 mg, respectively). Similarly, the protein expression of BDNF increased by 82.3% and 141.2% in groups 10 mg and 100 mg, respectively. Taken together, these results suggest that supplementation with genistein may be effective against depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingxiu Chang
- The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Li Zhang
- The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Huiyu Dai
- The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Ling Sun
- The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
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Armario A. The forced swim test: Historical, conceptual and methodological considerations and its relationship with individual behavioral traits. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 128:74-86. [PMID: 34118295 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The forced swim test (FST), developed by Porsolt and collaborators in 1977 to evaluate antidepressant (AD) treatments in rodents, has become extensively used for this purpose and to evaluate depression-like states. Despite its popularity, studies have raised important concerns regarding its theoretical and predictive validity. In my view and that of others, the FST mainly evaluates coping strategies in an inescapable situation. Although it is reasonable to assume that ADs act favoring active coping whereas negative affective states would favor passive coping, this does not mean that only ADs should enhance active coping or that a depression state has developed, respectively. Given its simplicity, proper interpretation of the FST behavior is critically dependent on how FST behavior relates to other behavioral traits. Unfortunately, this issue has been poorly discussed previously. Then, the present review, using a historical perspective, offers information needed to better understand the meaning and limitations of the FST, discusses critical methodological aspects and analyzes the relationship of FST behavior with classical behavioral traits in rodents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Armario
- Institut de Neurociències, Animal Physiology Unit (Department of Cellular Biology, Physiology and Immunology), Faculty of Biosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, CIBERSAM, Campus Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193, Barcelona, Spain.
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Singhal G, Jawahar MC, Morgan J, Corrigan F, Jaehne EJ, Toben C, Hannan AJ, Leemaqz SYL, Baune BT. TNF signaling via TNF receptors does not mediate the effects of short-term exercise on cognition, anxiety and depressive-like behaviors in middle-aged mice. Behav Brain Res 2021; 408:113269. [PMID: 33811950 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2021.113269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We recently reported that tumor necrosis factor (TNF) signaling via the TNFR1 and TNFR2 receptors mediates the effects of long-term exercise on locomotion, cognition and anxiety, but not depressive-like behavior. We now investigated whether the TNF signaling via its receptors also mediates the effects of short-term exercise on cognition, anxiety and depressive-like behaviors. METHODS Thirteen-month-old C57BL/6 (WT), TNF-/-, TNFR1-/-, and TNFR2-/- mice were provided with 4 weeks of voluntary wheel running followed by behavioral testing using an established behavioral battery. Each genotype had a respective non-exercise control. RESULTS There was no interaction between genotype and exercise in any of the tests but the main effect of genotype, and not exercise, were found to be significant in the open field (OF), forced-swim test (FST) and Barnes maze (BM). In the OF, the control and exercise TNFR2-/- mice spent significantly less time in the inner zone than mice in the control and exercise WT and TNF-/- cohorts. In the FST, control and exercise WT mice showed significantly higher immobility time than their control and exercise TNF-/-, TNFR1-/- and TNFR2-/- cohorts. In the BM, the latency to escape over 4 days of training was significantly higher in all KO groups compared to WT, irrespective of exercise. Also, the latency to escape to the original location during the probe trial was higher for control and exercise WT compared to corresponding TNFR1-/- mice. In contrast, the latency to escape to the new location was lower for control and exercise WT compared to control and exercise TNFR1-/- and TNFR2-/- mice. The latency to escape to the new location in exercise groups was longer compared to control within all genotypes. CONCLUSION While TNF signaling via the TNF receptors mediates cognition, anxiety and depressive-like behaviors independently, it does not mediate the effects of short-term exercise on these behaviors in middle-aged mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Singhal
- Psychiatric Neuroscience Lab, Discipline of Psychiatry, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
| | - Magdalene C Jawahar
- Psychiatric Neuroscience Lab, Discipline of Psychiatry, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
| | - Julie Morgan
- Psychiatric Neuroscience Lab, Discipline of Psychiatry, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
| | - Frances Corrigan
- Division of Health Sciences, The University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
| | - Emily J Jaehne
- School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| | - Catherine Toben
- Psychiatric Neuroscience Lab, Discipline of Psychiatry, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
| | - Anthony J Hannan
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| | - Shalem Yiner-Lee Leemaqz
- Discipline of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia; College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
| | - Bernhard T Baune
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Psychiatry, Melbourne Medical School, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Psychiatry, The University of Münster, Münster, Germany.
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Neonatal sevoflurane exposure induces impulsive behavioral deficit through disrupting excitatory neurons in the medial prefrontal cortex in mice. Transl Psychiatry 2020; 10:202. [PMID: 32564056 PMCID: PMC7306011 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-020-00884-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2020] [Revised: 06/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Sevoflurane, in particular multiple exposures, has been reported to cause the abnormal neurological development including attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). This study is to investigate ADHD-like impulsivity in adult mice after repeated sevoflurane exposures at the neonatal stage. Six-day-old pups were exposed to 60% oxygen in the presence or absence of 3% sevoflurane for 2 h and the treatment was administrated once daily for three consecutive days. To assess the impulsivity, the cliff avoidance reaction (CAR) was carried out at the 8th week. Our results showed that repeated sevoflurane treatment increased the number of jumps and shortened the jumping latency in the CAR test. The cortices were harvested for immunostaining to detect c-Fos and calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IIα (CaMKIIα) expression in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). We found that mPFC neurons, especially excitatory neurons, were highly activated and related to impulsive behavior. The activation viruses (AAV-CaMKIIα-hM3Dq) were injected to evaluate the effects of specific activation of mPFC excitatory neurons on impulsive behavior in the presence of clozapine-N-oxide (CNO). Likewise, the inhibitory viruses (AAV-CaMKIIα-hM4Di) were injected in the sevoflurane group to explore whether the mPFC excitatory neuronal inhibition reduced the impulsivity. Our results revealed that chemogenetic activation of mPFC excitatory neurons induced impulsive behavior whereas inhibition of mPFC excitatory neurons partially rescued the deficit. These results indicate that repeated sevoflurane exposures at the critical time induce impulsive behavior accompanied with overactivation of mPFC excitatory neurons in adult stages. This work may further extend to understand the ADHD-like impulsive behavior of the anesthetic neurotoxicity.
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