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Janssen E, Bancroft J. The Dual Control Model of Sexual Response: A Scoping Review, 2009-2022. JOURNAL OF SEX RESEARCH 2023; 60:948-968. [PMID: 37267113 DOI: 10.1080/00224499.2023.2219247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The Dual Control Model proposes that sexual arousal and related processes are dependent on the balance between sexual excitation and sexual inhibition, and that individuals vary in their propensity for these processes. This scoping review provides an overview and discussion of the questionnaires used to measure the propensities for sexual excitation and inhibition, their translation and validation in other languages, and their application in empirical research on topics ranging from sexual desire and arousal, sexual (dys)function, sexual risk taking, asexuality, hypersexuality, and sexual aggression. A total of 152 papers, published between 2009 and 2022 and identified using online databases, were included in this review. The findings, consistent with those reviewed by Bancroft et al. (2009), suggest that sexual excitation is particularly relevant to sexual desire and responsivity and predictive of asexuality and hypersexuality. Sexual inhibition plays a role in sexual dysfunction. sexual risk taking, and sexual aggression, although often in interaction with sexual excitation. Suggestions for the further development of the model and for future studies are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erick Janssen
- Institute for Family and Sexuality Studies, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Belgium
- The Kinsey Institute, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - John Bancroft
- Horspath, Oxfordshire, UK
- The Kinsey Institute, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
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Cervilla O, Jiménez-Antón E, Álvarez-Muelas A, Mangas P, Granados R, Sierra JC. Solitary Sexual Desire: Its Relation to Subjective Orgasm Experience and Sexual Arousal in the Masturbation Context within a Spanish Population. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:healthcare11060805. [PMID: 36981462 PMCID: PMC10048235 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11060805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The tridimensional sexual desire proposal (i.e., dyadic to partner, dyadic to attractive other and solitary) has been empirically supported. However, solitary sexual desire and its relationship to other dimensions of sexual functioning has received less attention. Hence, we examined the capacity of solitary sexual desire to explain the subjective orgasm experience (Study 1) and sexual arousal (Study 2) in the context of solitary masturbation. Study 1, composed of 2406 heterosexual adults (M age = 39.72, SD = 11.81), assessed for solitary sexual desire, dyadic sexual desire, and the intensity of the subjective orgasm experience obtained through solitary masturbation, along with other associated parameters. Study 2, consisting of 41 heterosexual young people (M age = 22.49, SD = 3.17), evaluated the genital response (penile circumference/vaginal pulse amplitude) and subjective arousal to sexually explicit films related to solitary masturbation. In both men and women, solitary sexual desire accounted for a significant percentage of the subjective orgasm experience obtained through solitary masturbation. In addition, in women, the propensity for sexual arousal was explained by solitary sexual desire. It is concluded that solitary sexual desire -as opposed to dyadic- is important to explain sexual arousal and orgasm in the solitary masturbation context. These results highlight the importance of addressing sexual desire in the solitary context, given its implications with other dimensions of sexual functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Cervilla
- Mind, Brain, and Behavior Research Center (CIMCYC), University of Granada, 18011 Granada, Spain
| | - Eva Jiménez-Antón
- Mind, Brain, and Behavior Research Center (CIMCYC), University of Granada, 18011 Granada, Spain
| | - Ana Álvarez-Muelas
- Mind, Brain, and Behavior Research Center (CIMCYC), University of Granada, 18011 Granada, Spain
| | - Pablo Mangas
- Mind, Brain, and Behavior Research Center (CIMCYC), University of Granada, 18011 Granada, Spain
| | - Reina Granados
- Department of Nursey, Health Sciences Faculty, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Sierra
- Mind, Brain, and Behavior Research Center (CIMCYC), University of Granada, 18011 Granada, Spain
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Bogen KW, Jones HR, Lorenz TK. Relational and Trait Factors Mediate the Associations between Women's Intoxication-Related Unwanted Sexual Experiences, Pleasure, and Desire. JOURNAL OF SEX RESEARCH 2022; 59:1175-1191. [PMID: 35262426 PMCID: PMC9458769 DOI: 10.1080/00224499.2022.2030661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Despite documented negative sexual health sequelae of unwanted sexual contact (USC), it is unclear why individuals who have experienced USC within the context of intoxication (intoxication-related USC) are at particular risk for poor sexual functioning. Intoxication-related USC may impact relational factors like relationship satisfaction, as trauma symptoms interfere with emotional closeness during sex. Additionally, although individual traits - such as sexual excitation and sensation seeking - affect the relationship between trauma and sexual functioning, it is unknown whether these factors differentially impact those who have experienced intoxication-related USC. Finally, because presence of a partner may evoke trauma-related symptoms during partnered (dyadic) sexual activity, mediators may differ across solitary versus dyadic sexual pleasure and desire. We tested relational and individual trait mediators of the association between intoxication-related USC and solitary and dyadic sexual pleasure and desire in a sample of heterosexual and sexual minority women. Trait factors consistently mediated the association between intoxication-related USC and both dyadic and solitary desire and pleasure, while relational factors such as emotional closeness were inconsistently related to sexual wellbeing. If replicated, these findings would suggest that trait factors may be useful targets for clinical sexual wellness interventions among sexuality-diverse women who have experienced intoxication-related USC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine W. Bogen
- University of Nebraska – Lincoln, Department of Psychology; 238 Burnett Hall, Lincoln, NE 68588
- University of Nebraska – Lincoln, Center for Brain, Biology, and Behavior; C89 East Stadium, Lincoln, NE 68588
| | - Harper R. Jones
- University of Nebraska – Lincoln, Department of Psychology; 238 Burnett Hall, Lincoln, NE 68588
- University of Nebraska – Lincoln, Center for Brain, Biology, and Behavior; C89 East Stadium, Lincoln, NE 68588
| | - Tierney K. Lorenz
- University of Nebraska – Lincoln, Department of Psychology; 238 Burnett Hall, Lincoln, NE 68588
- University of Nebraska – Lincoln, Center for Brain, Biology, and Behavior; C89 East Stadium, Lincoln, NE 68588
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Álvarez-Muelas A, Sierra JC, Gómez-Berrocal C, Arcos-Romero AI, Calvillo C, Granados R. Study of Sexual Concordance in Men and Women with Different Typologies of Adherence to the Sexual Double Standard. Int J Clin Health Psychol 2022; 22:100297. [PMID: 35281774 PMCID: PMC8873603 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijchp.2022.100297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/Objective Sexual concordance (i.e., relationship between genital response and subjective sexual arousal) is higher in men than in women. Among the factors that could explain this difference would be the sexual double standard (SDS). Sexual concordance is examined by SDS typologies of adherence (egalitarian, man-favorable, and woman-favorable). Method During exposure to a film with sexual content, genital response (penile circumference/vaginal pulse amplitude) and self-reported sexual arousal were recorded in 104 young adults (42 men and 62 women), distributed into SDS typologies of adherence on the basis of their scores on the Sexual Double Standard Scale. Results Sexual concordance was obtained in men and women with egalitarian and man-favorable typology. Subjective sexual arousal explained a significant percentage of the variance in genital response in the egalitarian typology (men: R2 = .32, p < .01; women: R2 = .19, p < .05) and man-favorable typology (men: R2 = .21, p < .05; women: R2 = .23, p < .05). Conclusions Agreement between genital responsiveness and subjective sexual arousal depends on DES adherence typology.
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Panzeri M, Dadomo H, Ronconi L, Fontanesi L. Validation of the Sexual Inhibition/Sexual Excitation Scales (SIS/SES) in Italy: Assessing Gender and Age Differences of Sexual Functioning. ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR 2021; 50:2755-2772. [PMID: 34363195 PMCID: PMC8416846 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-021-01972-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The Sexual Inhibition Scales and Sexual Excitation Scales (Janssen et al., 2002a), based on the dual control model by Bancroft and Janssen (2000), are part of a 45-item self-report questionnaire evaluating individual tendencies to sexual inhibition or excitation according to three factors: two inhibition factors, SIS1, threat of performance failure, and SIS2, threat of performance consequences, and one excitation factor, SES. In this paper, we aimed to validate and explore psychometric properties of the SIS/SES in a sample of 2260 Italian men and women aged 18 to 75 years. Confirmatory factor analyses showed that the three-factor structure proposed in the original version of the scales fit with our sample. Moreover, our data confirmed the results of the original validation sample: Women scored higher on the SIS and lower on the SES than men did, but no significant differences appeared in the factor scores by age group, except for a gender × age interaction, where younger women had higher SIS2 scores. The SIS/SES appeared to be an effective, appropriate cross-cultural measurement of human sexuality in Italian samples, also shedding light on sexual arousal differences in women and men in our country. We also discuss clinical and therapeutic aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Panzeri
- Department of Developmental Psychology and Socialisation, Università Degli Studi di Padova, via Venezia 8, 35131, Padua, Italy.
| | - Harold Dadomo
- Unity of Neuroscience, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Lucia Ronconi
- FISPPA, Università degli studi di Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Lilybeth Fontanesi
- Department of Psychological, Humanistic and Territorial Sciences, University of Chieti, Chieti, Italy
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Nolet K, Guay JP, Bergeron S. Validation of the French-Canadian Version of the Sexual Inhibition and Sexual Excitation Scales-Short Form (SIS/SES-SF): Associations With Sexual Functioning, Sociosexual Orientation, and Sexual Compulsivity. Sex Med 2021; 9:100374. [PMID: 34091418 PMCID: PMC8360913 DOI: 10.1016/j.esxm.2021.100374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The Dual control model proposes that both excitatory and inhibitory processes are responsible for the human sexual response. Aim To validate the French-Canadian translation of the Sexual Inhibition and Excitation Scales-Short Form (SIS/SES-SF) by exploring its factor structure and by investigating its capacity to retrospectively predict sexual functioning and behaviors, namely, sociosexual orientation and sexual compulsivity. Methods A French-Canadian translation of the SIS/SES-SF was created using forward-backward translation. A community sample of 362 men and 420 women completed an online survey. The factor structure and the measurement invariance between men and women was explored using Exploratory Structural Equation Modeling. Predictive power of the scales was tested using Multiple Linear Regression models using a corrected threshold (P< .008). Main outcome measures Sexual functioning was assessed using the International Index of Erectile Function and the Female Sexual Function Index while sexual compulsion and sociosexual orientation were measured using the Sexual Compulsion Scale and the Revised Sociosexual Orientation Inventory, respectively. Results The original three-factor solution of the SIS/SES-SF was replicated. All three scales showed acceptable internal consistency and good temporal stability. Yet, results only supported configural measurement invariance between men and women, suggesting that their scores cannot be directly compared. Overall, for both men and women, higher sexual excitation (SES) was significantly predictive of better sexual functioning, while higher sexual inhibition due to threat of performance failure (SIS1) was a significant predictor of lower sexual functioning. Both sexual compulsivity and sociosexual orientation were significantly predicted by higher SES and lower sexual inhibition due to threat of performance consequences (SIS2). Conclusion These results support the cross-cultural transferability of the SIS/SIS-SF and the Dual control model to French-Canadian men and women, higlighting the utility for clinicians to evaluate both excitatory and inhibitory factors associated with sexual dysfunction and sexual behaviors. Nolet K, Guay JP, Bergeron S. Validation of the French-Canadian Version of the Sexual Inhibition and Sexual Excitation Scales-Short Form (SIS/SES-SF): Associations With Sexual Functioning, Sociosexual Orientation, and Sexual Compulsivity. Sex Med 2021;9:100374.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kévin Nolet
- Université du Québec en Outaouais, Département de psychoéducation et de psychologie, Gatineau, Québec, Canada.
| | - Jean-Pierre Guay
- Université de Montréal, École de criminologie, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Sophie Bergeron
- Université de Montréal, Département de psychologie, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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Cervilla O, Vallejo-Medina P, Gómez-Berrocal C, Sierra JC. Development of the Spanish short version of Negative Attitudes Toward Masturbation Inventory. Int J Clin Health Psychol 2021; 21:100222. [PMID: 33613675 PMCID: PMC7868927 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijchp.2021.100222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/Objective: Masturbation has historically been a sexual behaviour associated with negative connotations, as a consequence of traditional orthodox positions, despite its positive impact on health. The instruments developed to measure the attitude towards masturbation are scarce, and none of them have been validated in the Spanish adult population. This study aims to propose a short version of the Negative Attitudes Toward Masturbation Inventory (NATMI) and examine their psychometric properties (reliability and evidence of validity) in the Spanish adult population. Method: A total of 4,116 heterosexual adults aged 18-83 years (M = 40.58; SD = 12.24; 54.64% women) participated in the study. In addition to the NATMI, they answered other scales to assess sexual attitudes, sexual desire, propensity to become sexually excited/inhibited and sexual functioning. Results: Analysis of the construct validity of the NATMI resulted in a reduced version of ten items grouped into a single factor explaining 66% of the variance (ordinal alpha = .95). The evidence of validity is clear, as subjects with negative and positive attitude towards masturbation differed in religiousness, frequency of masturbation, erotophilia, positive attitude towards sexual fantasies, sexual inhibition and sexual functioning. Conclusions: The Spanish short version of NATMI provides reliable and valid measures in the Spanish adult population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Cervilla
- Mind, Brain, and Behavior Research Center, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | | | | | - Juan Carlos Sierra
- Mind, Brain, and Behavior Research Center, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
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Rojo López AM, Ramos Caro M, Espín López L. Audio Described vs. Audiovisual Porn: Cortisol, Heart Rate and Engagement in Visually Impaired vs. Sighted Participants. Front Psychol 2021; 12:661452. [PMID: 33868135 PMCID: PMC8046929 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.661452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Audio description remains the cornerstone of accessibility for visually impaired audiences to all sorts of audiovisual content, including porn. Existing work points to the efficacy of audio description to guarantee immersion and emotional engagement, but evidence on its role in sexual arousal and engagement in porn is still scant. The present study takes on this challenge by comparing sighted and visually impaired participants’ experiences with porn in terms of their physiological response [i.e., cortisol and heart rate (HR)] and self-report measures of affect [Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS); Watson et al., 1988], anxiety [State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI); Spielberger et al., 1970], sexual reactivity and arousal [Sexual Inhibition/Sexual Excitation Scale (SIS/SES); Moyano and Sierra (2014); and the Ratings of Sexual Arousal (RSA); Mosher (2011)], and narrative engagement or transportation [The Transport Narrative Questionnaire, Green and Brock (2013)]. 69 Spanish participants were allocated into three different groups: 25 sighted participants who watched and heard the porn scenes in their audio-visual version (AV); 22 sighted participants who listened to the audio described version without images (AD); and 22 visually impaired participants who also listened to the audio described version without images (ONCE). Overall, results on physiological and self-report measures revealed no significant differences between groups or different versions of the clips. The analysis of cortisol reactivity to porn as the maximum increase or decrease in cortisol (t+12) with respect to baseline values (t−20) revealed no significant differences between the groups, but pointed to a higher percentage of non-responders than responders in the three groups, the highest being found in the ONCE group. As for participants’ cardiac response to the clips, no significant differences were found across the groups, with the highest HR levels being registered in the baseline phase. Self-report measures revealed significant between-group differences in negative affect. The ONCE group displayed the highest pre-task levels of negative affect and was the only group that showed a decrease in negative affect after exposure to the clips. Sighted and visually impaired participants reported to be moderately aroused and immersed in the films, regardless of exposure to AV or AD porn. In addition, correlations found between participants’ levels of self-report sexual arousal and transportation and post-task affect pointed to a positive relationship between exposure to porn and perceived levels of sexual arousal and affect. Results from the study reflected the efficacy of audio description in providing sighted and visually impaired audiences with a similar experience to that offered by original AV porn scenes. This study is exploratory but provides valid, initial groundwork for further research on the impact of audio description on porn reception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana M Rojo López
- Department of Translation and Interpreting, Faculty of Arts, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Marina Ramos Caro
- Department of Translation and Interpreting, Faculty of Arts, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Laura Espín López
- Department of Human Anatomy and Psychobiology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
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Álvarez-Muelas A, Gómez-Berrocal C, Sierra JC. Study of Sexual Satisfaction in Different Typologies of Adherence to the Sexual Double Standard. Front Psychol 2021; 11:609571. [PMID: 33488475 PMCID: PMC7820393 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.609571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The sexual double standard (SDS) refers to the acceptance of different criteria to assess the same sexual behavior in men and women. To date, the few studies that have addressed the relationship between SDS and sexual satisfaction have obtained inconclusive results. In addition, no study has analyzed sexual satisfaction in people who maintain different forms of adherence to the SDS. This study establishes three SDS typologies of adherence (man-favorable, woman-favorable, egalitarian) in two areas of sexual behavior (sexual freedom and sexual shyness) to examine the predictive capacity of personal variables (age, social dominance orientation, propensity for sexual excitation/inhibition), interpersonal variables (relationship satisfaction) and social variables (gender norms about sexual behaviors) in sexual satisfaction. A sample of 1194 heterosexual adults (51.1% men, 48.8% women) aged between 18 and 87 years (M = 40.63; SD = 15.67), who had been in a relationship for more than 6 months, was evaluated. In men, the highest sexual satisfaction levels were obtained in the egalitarian typology in the sexual freedom area. In women, no significant differences were found between the typologies of adherence to the SDS. Regression models showed that relationship satisfaction was the main predictor of sexual satisfaction in all the typologies in both men and women. In addition, the predictive relationship of personal variables with sexual satisfaction varied according to gender and the SDS adherence type. The results show the importance of studying sexual satisfaction by taking into account not only the differences between men and women. Furthermore, it is essential to consider other differences between people; for example, the difference that derives from the way of psychologically internalizing attitude toward the SDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Álvarez-Muelas
- Mind, Brain and Behavior Research Center, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | | | - Juan Carlos Sierra
- Mind, Brain and Behavior Research Center, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
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Saavedra-Roa A, Vallejo-Medina P. Validación de las Escalas de Inhibición y Excitación Sexual (SIS/SES-SF) en colombianos. UNIVERSITAS PSYCHOLOGICA 2020. [DOI: 10.11144/javeriana.upsy19.veie] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Las escalas SIS/SES-SF han sido desarrolladas para medir la inhibición y la excitación sexual. El objetivo del presente estudio fue adaptar y validar estas escalas en población colombiana. Para esto, se realizó la adaptación cultural y validación de contenido de las escalas por medio del juicio de siete expertos, y se validaron psicométricamente sobre una muestra de 2125 participantes (1000 hombres y 1125 mujeres). Los hombres contestaron al International Index of Erectile Function y la Premature Ejaculation Diagnostic Tool; mientras que el total de la muestra contestó al Sexual Desire Inventory, al Massachusetts General Hospital-Sexual Functioning Questionnaire y a la Sexual Inhibition/Sexual Excitation Scales-Short Form, todo ello junto a una batería sociodemográfica. El muestreo se realizó de forma virtual a través de Facebook. Los índices de las escalas mostraron una apropiada validez y fiabilidad. Además, para ambos sexos, las escalas mostraron un nivel de invarianza estricto. Las relaciones significativas con las otras medidas dan cuenta de su validez de criterio. Se sugiere el uso del instrumento para continuar con la investigación del Modelo de Control Dual dentro de la sexualidad en Latinoamérica.
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Granados R, Carvalho J, Sierra JC. Preliminary Evidence on How the Dual Control Model Predicts Female Sexual Response to a Bogus Negative Feedback. Psychol Rep 2020; 124:502-520. [PMID: 32183620 DOI: 10.1177/0033294120907310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The Dual Control Model of sexual response has been mostly tested with men. As such, there is a lack of evidence on how such model applies to women's experience of sexual arousal, particularly when they face a threatening situation such as the threat of sexual performance failure. The aim of the current study was to test whether the Dual Control Model dimensions predict women's sexual responses to a bogus negative feedback about their sexual performance. In addition, 22 women were exposed to a sexually explicit film clip, while their genital arousal was being measured. During this presentation, a bogus negative feedback, aimed at increasing women's anxiety about their sexual performance, was provided. Vaginal photopletismography and self-report questions were used as means to evaluate women's genital and subjective sexual arousal, respectively. The Sexual Excitation/Sexual Inhibition Inventory for Women was further used to capture women's sexual dynamics. Regression analysis on the high-order factors revealed that sexual excitation proneness was the only predictor of the subjective sexual responses, while none of the factors has predicted genital arousal. "Arousability" and "Concerns about sexual function" dimensions predicted subjective sexual arousal. Sexual arousability may prevent women of lowering their subjective sexual responses in a sexually demanding situation, while "Concerns about sexual function" may have the opposite role, thus being a target of clinical interest. This work provides new data on the Dual Control Model of sexual response, and particularly on its role in women's sexual functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reina Granados
- Mind, Brain, and Behavior Research Center, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain; Department of Nursing, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Joana Carvalho
- Escola de Psicologia e Ciências da Vida, Universidade Lusófona, Lisboa, Portugal; HEI-Lab: Digital Human-Environment and Interactions Lab, Universidade Lusófona de Humanidades e Tecnologias, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Juan Carlos Sierra
- Mind, Brain, and Behavior Research Center, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
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Arcos-Romero AI, Sierra JC. Factors Associated with Subjective Orgasm Experience in Heterosexual Relationships. JOURNAL OF SEX & MARITAL THERAPY 2020; 46:314-329. [PMID: 31914865 DOI: 10.1080/0092623x.2019.1711273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The main objective of this study was to determine the predictive capacity of different variables, organized based on Ecological theory (i.e., personal, interpersonal, social, and ideological), in the intensity of the subjective orgasm experience within the context of heterosexual relationships. The sample was composed of 1,300 adults (547 men, 753 women). The proposed model for men showed that more intense subjective orgasm experience was predicted by age, sexual sensations seeking, sexual satisfaction, and partner-focused sexual desire. The model for women showed that more intense subjective orgasm experience was predicted by age, erotophilia, sexual sensation seeking, partner-focused sexual desire, and sexual satisfaction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Juan Carlos Sierra
- Mind, Brain, and Behavior Research Centre, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
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Sierra JC, Álvarez-Muelas A, Arcos-Romero AI, Calvillo C, Torres-Obregón R, Granados R. Relación entre la excitación sexual subjetiva y la respuesta genital: diferencias entre hombres y mujeres. Rev Int Androl 2019; 17:24-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.androl.2017.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Revised: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/30/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Arcos-Romero AI, Granados R, Sierra JC. Relationship between orgasm experience and sexual excitation: validation of the model of the subjective orgasm experience. Int J Impot Res 2018; 31:282-287. [DOI: 10.1038/s41443-018-0095-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Revised: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Vallejo-Medina P, Pérez-Durán C, Saavedra-Roa A. Translation, Adaptation, and Preliminary Validation of the Female Sexual Function Index into Spanish (Colombia). ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR 2018; 47:797-810. [PMID: 28567567 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-017-0976-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Revised: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) subjectively explores the dimensions of female sexual functioning. This research undertook to adapt and validate the FSFI to Spanish language in a Colombian sample. To this effect, this study was conducted in two steps, namely: (1) cultural adaptation of the scale with the collaboration of seven experts; and (2) preliminary validation of the scale in a sample of 925 participants. Reliability indices were appropriate in this sample, and external validity in relation to other measures showed significant relationships. Findings suggest that the FSFI is reliable and valid in Spanish for a Colombian population. Further research is needed to establish the test-retest reliability and discriminant validity of this Spanish version.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Vallejo-Medina
- SexLab KL, School of Psychology, Fundación Universitaria Konrad Lorenz, Bogotá D.C., 110221, Colombia.
| | - Claudia Pérez-Durán
- SexLab KL, School of Psychology, Fundación Universitaria Konrad Lorenz, Bogotá D.C., 110221, Colombia
| | - Alejandro Saavedra-Roa
- SexLab KL, School of Psychology, Fundación Universitaria Konrad Lorenz, Bogotá D.C., 110221, Colombia
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Granados MR, Salinas JM, Sierra JC. Psychometric Properties of the Spanish Version of the Sexual Inhibition/Sexual Excitation Scales for Men. ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR 2018; 47:783-796. [PMID: 28466229 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-017-0992-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Revised: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The dual control model (DCM) postulates the involvement of relatively independent inhibitory and excitatory systems, which together provide a "double control" over sexual response and associated behavior (Janssen & Bancroft, 2007). Based on this model, the Sexual Inhibition and Sexual Excitation Scales assess the propensity for sexual excitation and sexual inhibition. This research focused on analyzing some psychometric properties of this questionnaire and developing a Spanish version in men. The sample consisted of 823 heterosexual men of ages ranging from 18 to 74 years. Confirmatory factor analysis generated a version of the scale that consisted of 34 items (11 items with the worst factor loadings were eliminated) distributed in four factors (one sexual excitation factor and three sexual inhibition factors). This is consistent with the DCM of sexual response. The four factors demonstrated good reliability coefficients except for sexual inhibition due to the threat of performance consequences, which was found to have a low internal consistency. Consequently, this is something that will be addressed in future studies. The four factors were found to have good test-retest reliability. The measures of the Sexual Inhibition and Sexual Excitation Scales had good validity properties and a coherent relationship with sexual sensation seeking and erotophilia.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Reina Granados
- Mind, Brain and Behavior Research Centre, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - José María Salinas
- Mind, Brain and Behavior Research Centre, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Sierra
- Mind, Brain and Behavior Research Centre, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
- Facultad de Psicología, Campus Universitario de Cartuja, s/n, 18011, Granada, Spain.
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Sierra JC, Arcos-Romero AI, Granados MR, Sánchez-Fuentes MDM, Calvillo C, Moyano N. Escalas de Valoración de Excitación Sexual y Valoración de Sensaciones Genitales: propiedades psicométricas en muestras españolas. Rev Int Androl 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.androl.2016.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Santos-Iglesias P, Moyano N, Castro A, Granados MR, Sierra JC. Validation of the Sexual Sensation Seeking Scale in Spanish Samples. J Pers Assess 2017; 100:421-430. [DOI: 10.1080/00223891.2017.1328424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Nieves Moyano
- Department of Psychology and Sociology, University of Zaragoza, Huesca, Spain
| | - Angel Castro
- Department of Psychology and Sociology, University of Zaragoza, Teruel, Spain
| | - M. Reina Granados
- Mind, Brain, and Behavior Research Center, University of Granada, Spain
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Moyano N, Vallejo-Medina P, Sierra JC. Sexual Desire Inventory: Two or Three Dimensions? JOURNAL OF SEX RESEARCH 2017; 54:105-116. [PMID: 26756821 DOI: 10.1080/00224499.2015.1109581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The Sexual Desire Inventory (SDI), developed by Spector, Carey, and Steinberg in 1996, has been widely used to assess sexual desire in men and women throughout the world. This questionnaire categorizes sexual desire in two dimensions: dyadic sexual desire and solitary sexual desire. Our study addressed the factorial structure of the SDI, an aspect that until now has been largely neglected. We recruited two samples of Spanish men and women involved in stable heterosexual relationships. The first sample consisted of 3,417 subjects (1,600 males and 1,817 females), ages 18 to 84; the second sample consisted of 677 subjects (285 males and 392 females), ages 18 to 50. The results of an exploratory factor analysis (EFA) showed that instead of two dimensions the SDI should have three: (1) partner-focused dyadic sexual desire, (2) general dyadic sexual desire for an attractive person, and (3) solitary sexual desire. A confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) supported the robustness of this new three-factor structure. No gender differences were revealed, except for dyadic sexual desire for an attractive person, for which men reported higher scores. Good validity and reliability values were obtained. Moreover, standard scores for men and women by different age groups were developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nieves Moyano
- a Mind, Brain, and Behavior Research Center (CIMCYC) , University of Granada; Facultad de Artes Liberales, Escuela de Psicología, Universidad de Especialidades Espíritu Santo (UEES)
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20
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Granados MR, Salinas JM, Sierra JC. Spanish version of the Sexual Excitation/Sexual Inhibition Inventory for Women: Factorial structure, reliability and validity evidences. Int J Clin Health Psychol 2017; 17:65-76. [PMID: 30487882 PMCID: PMC6236321 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijchp.2016.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/Objective: The Dual Control Model suggests that sexual excitation and associated behaviors are the result of the balance between relatively independent excitatory and inhibitory mechanisms. Based on this theoretical model, the Sexual Excitation/Sexual Inhibition Inventory for Women (SESII-W) was developed to evaluate excitation and inhibition dimensions in women. The aim was to adapt and validate the SESII-W in the Spanish population. Method: A sample of 1,380 heterosexual women (aged 18 to 52) completed the Spanish SESII-W, together with other related instruments. After the translation and adaptation of the SESII-W, a Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) was performed. Results: CFA resulted in a version consisting of 33 items divided into eight sub-factors, which were grouped into two higher-order factors (Sexual Excitation and Sexual Inhibition). The sub-factors demonstrated adequate internal consistency values except for Sexual Power Dynamics and Concerns about Sexual Function. Test-retest reliabilities were good. Their scores correlated with erotophilia, sexual sensation seeking, age at first intercourse, and number of sexual partners in the expected direction. Conclusions: The Spanish version of SESII-W has adequate psychometric guarantees for use in clinical practice and research, although it would be necessary to further revise factors that showed a lower level of reliability.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Juan Carlos Sierra
- Mind, Brain, and Behavior Research Center, Universidad de Granada, Spain
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21
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Moyano N, Byers ES, Sierra JC. Content and Valence of Sexual Cognitions and Their Relationship With Sexual Functioning in Spanish Men and Women. ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR 2016; 45:2069-2080. [PMID: 26714682 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-015-0659-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2014] [Revised: 09/09/2015] [Accepted: 10/24/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This study examined the relationship between various subtypes of positive and negative sexual cognitions (NSC) based on their content (intimate, exploratory, sadomasochistic, impersonal) and sexual functioning, including aspects of sexual response (desire), sexual motivation (sexual excitation and sexual inhibition), and cognitive-affective domains (satisfaction). Participants were 789 Spanish adults (322 men and 467 women) who were in a heterosexual relationship of at least 6 months duration. Overall, the men reported more frequent exploratory and impersonal positive sexual cognitions than did the women. The men and women did not differ in the frequency of their positive intimate and sadomasochistic cognitions or in any of their NSC. Using canonical correlation, the results revealed that, after controlling for the overall frequency of NSC, the men and women who reported a higher frequency of all subtypes of positive sexual cognitions reported more dyadic and solitary sexual desire, more propensity to get sexually excited, and less sexual inhibition. A second canonical variate was identified for both the men and the women that revealed different patterns of association between the subtypes of cognitions and specific areas of sexual functioning, highlighting the role of positive, intimate cognitions for dyadic aspects of sexual functioning. The subtypes of NSC were not associated with poorer sexual functioning for either men or women, perhaps because they, on average, occurred infrequently. The findings were discussed in terms of the relationship between the specific content of sexual cognitions and the sexual functioning of men and women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nieves Moyano
- Mind, Brain and Behavior Research Center, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
- Faculty of Liberal Arts, School of Psychology, University of Especialidades Espiritu Santo, vía La Puntilla - Samborondón, km, Guayaquil, Ecuador.
| | - E Sandra Byers
- Department of Psychology, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB, Canada
| | - Juan Carlos Sierra
- Mind, Brain and Behavior Research Center, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
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Contreras D, Lillo S, Vera-Villarroel P. Subjective Sexual Well-Being in Chilean Adults: Evaluation of a Predictive Model. JOURNAL OF SEX & MARITAL THERAPY 2016; 42:338-352. [PMID: 26020732 DOI: 10.1080/0092623x.2015.1053018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Research on sexuality has traditionally focused on sexual satisfaction, with studies into subjective sexual well-being being a recent phenomenon. This study sought to evaluate the relationship between sexual behavior, happiness, health, and subjective sexual well-being. The data were collected from 862 people aged between 18 and 50 years in Santiago, Chile, and were analyzed by logistic regression analysis. The results showed that sexual behavioral indicators (sexual frequency, sexual caresses, and touching), happiness, and perception of health taken as a whole predicted 47.4% of subjective sexual well-being (SSWB). Analysis of the four items of subjective sexual well-being separately showed that the dimension of physical satisfaction was associated with three variables of sexual behavior indicators with a prediction percentage of 33.5%, whereas emotional satisfaction was associated with three variables of sexual behavior indicators and happiness, with a percentage of prediction of 43.3%. Satisfaction with sexual function was associated with perception of health and one sexual behavior indicator, with a prediction percentage of 29.2% of this variable. The importance of sex was associated with three sexual behavior variables that predicted 26.2% of this variable. The results confirm that subjective sexual well-being can be predicted and that its four dimensions present a different behavior compared to the study predictors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sebastián Lillo
- a Universidad de Santiago de Chile, USACH , Santiago , Chile
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Moyano N, Sierra JC. Funcionamiento sexual en hombres y mujeres víctimas de abuso sexual en la infancia y en la adolescencia/adultez. Rev Int Androl 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.androl.2014.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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