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Cui L, Li C, Zhang G, Zhang L, Yao G, Zhuo Y, Cui N, Zhang S. S1P/S1PR2 promote pancreatic stellate cell activation and pancreatic fibrosis in chronic pancreatitis by regulating autophagy and the NLRP3 inflammasome. Chem Biol Interact 2023; 380:110541. [PMID: 37169277 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2023.110541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is a bioactive lipid molecule that governs various functions by embedding its receptor, S1PR, in different cells. Chronic pancreatitis (CP) is characterized by pancreatic fibrosis via activation of pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs). However, the effect of S1P on CP and PSC activation is still unknown. Here, we conducted a series of experiments to explore the effect of S1P on a CP rat model and primary cultured PSCs. In vivo, CP was induced by intravenous injection of dibutyltin dichloride. S1P was administered at a dosage of 200 μg/kg body weight per day by intraperitoneal injection. After 4 weeks, serum, plasma and pancreas samples were collected for molecular analysis and histological detection. In vitro, PSCs were isolated and cultured for treatment with different doses of S1P. 3 MA and MCC950 were used to determine the effect of S1P on PSC activation by regulating autophagy and the NLRP3 inflammasome. JTE013 and Si-S1PR2 were applied to verify that the functions of S1P were realized by combining with S1PR2. Cells were collected for RT‒PCR, western blotting and immunofluorescence. The results showed that S1P was increased in the plasma and pancreatic tissue of CP rats. When S1P was administered to CP rats, the function and histomorphology of the pancreas were severely impaired. In addition, S1P promoted PSC activation, heightened autophagy and enhanced the NLRP3 inflammasome in vivo and in vitro. Moreover, S1PR2 mediated the effect of S1P on PSC activation by regulating autophagy and the NLRP3 inflammasome sequentially. In conclusion, S1P binding to S1PR2 promoted PSC activation and pancreatic fibrosis in CP by regulating autophagy and the NLRP3 inflammasome. These findings provide a theoretical basis for targeting S1P/S1PR2 to treat pancreatic fibrosis and further suggest that considering the role of autophagy and the NLRP3 inflammasome may help with the treatment pancreatic fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihua Cui
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Acute Abdomen Disease Associated Organ Injury and ITCWM Repair, Institute of Acute Abdominal Diseases of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Nankai Clinical College, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300100, China.
| | - Caixia Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Acute Abdomen Disease Associated Organ Injury and ITCWM Repair, Institute of Acute Abdominal Diseases of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Nankai Clinical College, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300100, China
| | - Guixian Zhang
- Department of Cancer Pharmacology, Tianjin Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tianjin Medicine and Health Research Center, Duolun Road, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Lanqiu Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Acute Abdomen Disease Associated Organ Injury and ITCWM Repair, Institute of Acute Abdominal Diseases of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Nankai Clinical College, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300100, China
| | - Guowang Yao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Tianjin, 300100, China
| | - Yuzhen Zhuo
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Acute Abdomen Disease Associated Organ Injury and ITCWM Repair, Institute of Acute Abdominal Diseases of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Nankai Clinical College, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300100, China
| | - Naiqiang Cui
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Tianjin, 300100, China
| | - Shukun Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Acute Abdomen Disease Associated Organ Injury and ITCWM Repair, Institute of Acute Abdominal Diseases of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Nankai Clinical College, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300100, China.
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Cui L, Li C, Shang Y, Li D, Zhuo Y, Yang L, Cui N, Li Y, Zhang S. Chaihu Guizhi Ganjiang Decoction Ameliorates Pancreatic Fibrosis via JNK/mTOR Signaling Pathway. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:679557. [PMID: 34177589 PMCID: PMC8223066 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.679557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic fibrosis is a pathological characteristic of chronic pancreatitis (CP) and pancreatic cancer. Chaihu Guizhi Ganjiang Decoction (CGGD) is a traditional Chinese medicine, which is widely used in the clinical treatment of digestive diseases. However, the potential anti-fibrosis mechanism of CGGD in treating CP remains unclear. Here, we conducted a series of experiments to examine the effect of CGGD on the CP rat model and primary isolated pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs). The results revealed that CGGD attenuated pancreatic damage, decreased collagen deposition, and inhibited PSC activation in the pancreas of CP rats. However, compared with the CP group, CGGD had no effect on body weight and serum amylase and lipase. In addition, CGGD suppressed autophagy by downregulating Atg5, Beclin-1, and LC3B and facilitated phosphorylation of mTOR and JNK in pancreatic tissues and PSCs. Moreover, the CGGD-containing serum also decreased LC3B or collagen I expression after rapamycin (mTOR inhibitor) or SP600125 (JNK inhibitor) treatment in PSCs. In conclusion, CGGD attenuated pancreatic fibrosis and PSC activation, possibly by suppressing autophagy of PSCs through the JNK/mTOR signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihua Cui
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Acute Abdomen Disease Associated Organ Injury and ITCWM Repair, Institute of Acute Abdominal Diseases of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Nankai Clinical College, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Caixia Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Acute Abdomen Disease Associated Organ Injury and ITCWM Repair, Institute of Acute Abdominal Diseases of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Nankai Clinical College, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Ye Shang
- Institute of TCM, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Dihua Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Acute Abdomen Disease Associated Organ Injury and ITCWM Repair, Institute of Acute Abdominal Diseases of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Nankai Clinical College, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuzhen Zhuo
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Acute Abdomen Disease Associated Organ Injury and ITCWM Repair, Institute of Acute Abdominal Diseases of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Nankai Clinical College, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Lei Yang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Acute Abdomen Disease Associated Organ Injury and ITCWM Repair, Institute of Acute Abdominal Diseases of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Nankai Clinical College, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Naiqiang Cui
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuhong Li
- Institute of TCM, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Shukun Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Acute Abdomen Disease Associated Organ Injury and ITCWM Repair, Institute of Acute Abdominal Diseases of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Nankai Clinical College, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
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Oikonomou E, Mourouzis K, Fountoulakis P, Papamikroulis GA, Siasos G, Antonopoulos A, Vogiatzi G, Tsalamadris S, Vavuranakis M, Tousoulis D. Interrelationship between diabetes mellitus and heart failure: the role of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors in left ventricle performance. Heart Fail Rev 2019; 23:389-408. [PMID: 29453696 DOI: 10.1007/s10741-018-9682-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is a common cardiac syndrome, whose pathophysiology involves complex mechanisms, some of which remain unknown. Diabetes mellitus (DM) constitutes not only a glucose metabolic disorder accompanied by insulin resistance but also a risk factor for cardiovascular disease and HF. During the last years though emerging data set up, a bidirectional interrelationship between these two entities. In the case of DM impaired calcium homeostasis, free fatty acid metabolism, redox state, and advance glycation end products may accelerate cardiac dysfunction. On the other hand, when HF exists, hypoperfusion of the liver and pancreas, b-blocker and diuretic treatment, and autonomic nervous system dysfunction may cause impairment of glucose metabolism. These molecular pathways may be used as therapeutic targets for novel antidiabetic agents. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) not only improve insulin resistance and glucose and lipid metabolism but also manifest a diversity of actions directly or indirectly associated with systolic or diastolic performance of left ventricle and symptoms of HF. Interestingly, they may beneficially affect remodeling of the left ventricle, fibrosis, and diastolic performance but they may cause impaired water handing, sodium retention, and decompensation of HF which should be taken into consideration in the management of patients with DM. In this review article, we present the pathophysiological data linking HF with DM and we focus on the molecular mechanisms of PPARs agonists in left ventricle systolic and diastolic performance providing useful insights in the molecular mechanism of this class of metabolically active regiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evangelos Oikonomou
- 1st Department of Cardiology, 'Hippokration' Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Vasilissis Sofias 114, TK, 115 28, Athens, Greece.
| | - Konstantinos Mourouzis
- 1st Department of Cardiology, 'Hippokration' Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Vasilissis Sofias 114, TK, 115 28, Athens, Greece
| | - Petros Fountoulakis
- 1st Department of Cardiology, 'Hippokration' Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Vasilissis Sofias 114, TK, 115 28, Athens, Greece
| | - Georgios Angelos Papamikroulis
- 1st Department of Cardiology, 'Hippokration' Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Vasilissis Sofias 114, TK, 115 28, Athens, Greece
| | - Gerasimos Siasos
- 1st Department of Cardiology, 'Hippokration' Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Vasilissis Sofias 114, TK, 115 28, Athens, Greece
| | - Alexis Antonopoulos
- 1st Department of Cardiology, 'Hippokration' Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Vasilissis Sofias 114, TK, 115 28, Athens, Greece
| | - Georgia Vogiatzi
- 1st Department of Cardiology, 'Hippokration' Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Vasilissis Sofias 114, TK, 115 28, Athens, Greece
| | - Sotiris Tsalamadris
- 1st Department of Cardiology, 'Hippokration' Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Vasilissis Sofias 114, TK, 115 28, Athens, Greece
| | - Manolis Vavuranakis
- 1st Department of Cardiology, 'Hippokration' Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Vasilissis Sofias 114, TK, 115 28, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitris Tousoulis
- 1st Department of Cardiology, 'Hippokration' Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Vasilissis Sofias 114, TK, 115 28, Athens, Greece
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Penas FN, Carta D, Dmytrenko G, Mirkin GA, Modenutti CP, Cevey ÁC, Rada MJ, Ferlin MG, Sales ME, Goren NB. Treatment with a New Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma Agonist, Pyridinecarboxylic Acid Derivative, Increases Angiogenesis and Reduces Inflammatory Mediators in the Heart of Trypanosoma cruzi-Infected Mice. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1738. [PMID: 29312293 PMCID: PMC5732351 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Trypanosoma cruzi infection induces an intense inflammatory response in diverse host tissues. The immune response and the microvascular abnormalities associated with infection are crucial aspects in the generation of heart damage in Chagas disease. Upon parasite uptake, macrophages, which are involved in the clearance of infection, increase inflammatory mediators, leading to parasite killing. The exacerbation of the inflammatory response may lead to tissue damage. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) is a ligand-dependent nuclear transcription factor that exerts important anti-inflammatory effects and is involved in improving endothelial functions and proangiogenic capacities. In this study, we evaluated the intermolecular interaction between PPARγ and a new synthetic PPARγ ligand, HP24, using virtual docking. Also, we showed that early treatment with HP24, decreases the expression of NOS2, a pro-inflammatory mediator, and stimulates proangiogenic mediators (vascular endothelial growth factor A, CD31, and Arginase I) both in macrophages and in the heart of T. cruzi-infected mice. Moreover, HP24 reduces the inflammatory response, cardiac fibrosis and the levels of inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, interleukin 6) released by macrophages of T. cruzi-infected mice. We consider that PPARγ agonists might be useful as coadjuvants of the antiparasitic treatment of Chagas disease, to delay, reverse, or preclude the onset of heart damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Nicolás Penas
- Departamento de Microbiología, Parasitología e Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Instituto de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Médica (IMPaM)-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Davide Carta
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Ganna Dmytrenko
- Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos (CEFyBO)-CONICET, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gerado A Mirkin
- Departamento de Microbiología, Parasitología e Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Instituto de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Médica (IMPaM)-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carlos Pablo Modenutti
- Instituto de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN)-CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ágata Carolina Cevey
- Departamento de Microbiología, Parasitología e Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Instituto de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Médica (IMPaM)-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Maria Jimena Rada
- Departamento de Microbiología, Parasitología e Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Instituto de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Médica (IMPaM)-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Maria Grazia Ferlin
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - María Elena Sales
- Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos (CEFyBO)-CONICET, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Nora Beatriz Goren
- Departamento de Microbiología, Parasitología e Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Instituto de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Médica (IMPaM)-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y Sida (INBIRS), Facultad de Medicina, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Peng Y, Zeng Y, Xu J, Huang XL, Zhang W, Xu XL. PPAR-γ is involved in the protective effect of 2,3,4',5-tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-beta-D-glucoside against cardiac fibrosis in pressure-overloaded rats. Eur J Pharmacol 2016; 791:105-114. [PMID: 27568841 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2016.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Revised: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
2, 3, 4', 5-tetrahydroxystilbene-2-0-β-D glucoside (TSG) could inhibit cardiac remodeling in response to pressure overload. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ) has been recognized as a potent, endogenous antifibrotic factor and maintaining a proper expression level in myocardium is necessary for assuring that structure and function of heart adapt to pressure overload stress. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether PPAR-γ is involved in the beneficial effect of TSG on pressure overload-induced cardiac fibrosis. TSG (120mg/kg/day) or TSG (120mg/kg/day) plus the PPAR-γ antagonist GW9662 (1mg/kg/day) was administered to rats with pressure overload induced by abdominal aortic banding. 30 days later, pressure overload-induced hypertension, cardiac dysfunction and fibrosis were significantly inhibited by TSG. TSG also significantly reduced collagen I, collagen III, fibronectin and plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI)-1 expression, as makers of myocardial fibrosis. Theses anti-fibrotic effects of TSG in pressure overloaded hearts could be abrogated by co-treatment with GW9662. Accordingly, upregulated PPAR-γ protein expression by TSG in pressure overloaded hearts was also reversed by co-treatment with GW9662. Additionally, the inhibitory effects of TSG on angiotensin II induced cardiac fibroblasts proliferation, differentiation and expression of collagen I and III, fibronectin and PAI-1 were abrogated by PPAR-γ antagonist GW9662 and PPAR-γ silencing. Furthermore, TSG directly increased PPAR-γ gene expression at gene promoter, mRNA and protein level in angiotensin II-treated cardiac fibroblats in vitro. Our results suggested that upregualtion of endogenous PPAR-γ expression by TSG may be involved in its beneficial effect on pressure overload-induced cardiac fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Peng
- Department of Pharmacology, Nantong University, Pharmacy College, Nantong, China
| | - Yi Zeng
- Department of Pharmacology, Nantong University, Pharmacy College, Nantong, China
| | - Jin Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, Nantong University, Pharmacy College, Nantong, China
| | - Xing Lan Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, Nantong University, Pharmacy College, Nantong, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Nantong University, Pharmacy College, Nantong, China.
| | - Xiao Le Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, Nantong University, Pharmacy College, Nantong, China.
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Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-γ Is Critical to Cardiac Fibrosis. PPAR Res 2016; 2016:2198645. [PMID: 27293418 PMCID: PMC4880703 DOI: 10.1155/2016/2198645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2015] [Revised: 04/16/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) is a ligand-activated transcription factor belonging to the nuclear receptor superfamily, which plays a central role in regulating lipid and glucose metabolism. However, accumulating evidence demonstrates that PPARγ agonists have potential to reduce inflammation, influence the balance of immune cells, suppress oxidative stress, and improve endothelial function, which are all involved in the cellular and molecular mechanisms of cardiac fibrosis. Thus, in this review we discuss the role of PPARγ in various cardiovascular conditions associated with cardiac fibrosis, including diabetes mellitus, hypertension, myocardial infarction, heart failure, ischemia/reperfusion injury, atrial fibrillation, and several other cardiovascular disease (CVD) conditions, and summarize the developmental status of PPARγ agonists for the clinical management of CVD.
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Jayachandran M, Chandrasekaran B, Namasivayam N. Geraniol attenuates fibrosis and exerts anti-inflammatory effects on diet induced atherogenesis by NF-κB signaling pathway. Eur J Pharmacol 2015; 762:102-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2015.05.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2015] [Revised: 05/15/2015] [Accepted: 05/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Qiao W, Wang C, Chen B, Zhang F, Liu Y, Lu Q, Guo H, Yan C, Sun H, Hu G, Yin X. Ibuprofen attenuates cardiac fibrosis in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Cardiology 2015; 131:97-106. [PMID: 25896805 DOI: 10.1159/000375362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2014] [Accepted: 01/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of ibuprofen on cardiac fibrosis in a rat model of type 1 diabetes. METHODS The diabetic model was established by injecting streptozotocin into the rats. Then, ibuprofen or pioglitazone was given by gavage for 8 weeks. The cardiac fibrosis was assessed, and the major components of the renin-angiotensin system, the transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) and the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), were evaluated by histopathological, immunohistochemical, Western blot analysis or ELISA assay. RESULTS Obvious cardiac fibrosis was detected in the diabetic group and was alleviated by ibuprofen treatment. Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), angiotensin (Ang) II and AngII type 1 receptor (AT1-R) levels were higher, and ACE2, Ang(1-7) and Mas receptor (Mas-R) were lower in the diabetic group. The ratio of ACE to ACE2 was raised in the diabetic group. All these changes were ameliorated by ibuprofen. TGF-β1 and mTOR were raised in the hearts of the diabetic group and were attenuated by ibuprofen treatment. There was no significant difference between the ibuprofen and the pioglitazone groups. CONCLUSION Ibuprofen could ameliorate the cardiac fibrosis in diabetic rats by reduction of the ACE/AngII/AT1-R axis and enhancement of the ACE2/Ang(1-7)/Mas-R axis, leading to a decrease in TGF-β1 and mTOR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weili Qiao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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Current World Literature. Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens 2012; 21:106-18. [DOI: 10.1097/mnh.0b013e32834ee42b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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