1
|
Lin Y, Tang W, Huang P, Wang Z, Duan L, Jia C, Sun R, Liu L, Shen J. Denticleless E3 ubiquitin protein ligase (DTL) maintains the proliferation and differentiation of epidermis and hair follicles during skin development. Dev Dyn 2023. [PMID: 38131461 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A precise balance between the proliferation and differentiation of epidermal progenitors is required to achieve the barrier function during the development of epidermis. During the entire process of skin development, the newly formed basal layer cells divide, differentiate, and migrate outward to the surface of the skin, which is tightly regulated by a series of events related to cell cycle progression. The CRL4DTL complex (Cullin 4 RING ligase, in association with the substrate receptor DTL) has long emerged as a master regulator in various cellular processes, which mediates the degradation of key cell cycle proteins. However, the roles of DTL in regulating epidermal morphogenesis during skin development remain unclear. RESULTS We showed that DTL deficiency in epidermal progenitor cells leads to defects in epidermal stratification and loss of hair follicles accompanied by reduced epidermal progenitor cells and disturbed cell cycle progression during skin development. Transcriptome analysis revealed that p53 pathway is activated in DTL-depleted epidermal progenitor cells. The apoptosis of epidermal cells showed in DTL deficiency mice is rescued by the absence of p53, but the proliferation and differentiation defects were p53-independent. CONCLUSION Our findings indicate that DTL plays a vital role in epidermal malformation during skin development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanhui Lin
- Institute of Life Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Weibo Tang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Laboratory of Tumor Targeted Therapy and Translational Medicine, Jilin Medical University, Jilin, China
| | - Peijun Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zhendong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Interventional Pulmonology of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Lian Duan
- Central Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Chonghui Jia
- Department of Endodontics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Ruizhen Sun
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Li Liu
- Institute of Life Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jingling Shen
- Institute of Life Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ma Z, Xue X. Differentially expressed proteins in the human esophageal cancer cell line Eca‑109, in the presence and absence of gemcitabine. Mol Med Rep 2017; 17:1873-1878. [PMID: 29138856 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.8041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to screen and study the roles of differentially expressed proteins in the human esophageal cancer cell line Eca‑109, in the presence and absence of gemcitabine (GEM). The 3‑(4,5)‑dimethylthiahiazo (-z-y1)-3,5-di-phenytetrazoliumromide (MTT) method was used to assay the vitality of the Eca‑109 cells following treatment with GEM (1‑16 µg/ml). The cell apoptosis was measured by using fluorescence activated cell sorting. The proteins in the treated Eca‑109 cells were extracted, validated, and assayed via two‑dimensional gel electrophoresis combined with matrix‑assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI‑TOF‑MS). The differentially expressed proteins were then determined by western blotting. Furthermore, alterations in mitochondrial ultrastructure of the treated cells were observed under a transmission electron microscope. GEM significantly inhibited the growth of the Eca‑109 cells in a concentration‑ and time‑dependent manner, and the 50% inhibition concentration (IC50) value was 3.87 µg/ml. The MALDI‑TOF‑MS analysis revealed that there were three differentially expressed proteins following the GEM treatment, compared with the control. The differential proteins were verified to be B cell lymphoma‑2 associated X, apoptosis regulator (Bax)‑α, apoptosis‑associated speck‑like protein containing a CARD (ASC) and myeloid cell leukemia sequence (Mcl)‑1. Western blotting revealed that the expression levels of ASC and Bax‑α proteins in the treated cancer cells were significantly upregulated, whereas the Mcl‑1 protein expression was markedly downregulated compared with the control. Furthermore, the GEM treatment destroyed the mitochondrial ultrastructure of the cancer cells, leaving swelled mitochondria, a fading matrix and destroyed the mitochondrial cristae. GEM significantly inhibits the growth and promotes apoptosis of the Eca‑109 cells, due to the alterations in the expression levels of the differential proteins, including ASC, Mcl‑1 and Bax‑α.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zenghuang Ma
- Huangshi Center for Clinical Laboratory, Huangshi, Hubei 435000, P.R. China
| | - Xiaojie Xue
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Huangshi Central Hospital of Edong Healthcare Group, Hubei Polytechnic University, Huangshi, Hubei 435000, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Hydrogen peroxide induces cell proliferation and apoptosis in pulp of rats after dental bleaching in vivo. Arch Oral Biol 2017; 81:103-109. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2017.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Revised: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
4
|
Wang W, Fu L, Li S, Xu Z, Li X. Histone deacetylase 11 suppresses p53 expression in pituitary tumor cells. Cell Biol Int 2017; 41:1290-1295. [PMID: 28782861 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.10834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Weimin Wang
- School of Medicine; Shandong University; Jinan 250012 China
- Department of Neurosurgery and Surgery Room; Qingdao Municipal Hospital; Qingdao 266071 China
| | - Li Fu
- Department of Neurosurgery and Surgery Room; Qingdao Municipal Hospital; Qingdao 266071 China
| | - Shengli Li
- Department of Neurosurgery and Surgery Room; Qingdao Municipal Hospital; Qingdao 266071 China
| | - Zhiming Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery and Surgery Room; Qingdao Municipal Hospital; Qingdao 266071 China
| | - Xingang Li
- School of Medicine; Shandong University; Jinan 250012 China
- Department of Neurosurgery; Qilu Hospital of Shandong University; Jinan 250012 China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Mei C, Zhou S, Zhu L, Ming J, Zeng F, Xu R. Antitumor Effects of Laminaria Extract Fucoxanthin on Lung Cancer. Mar Drugs 2017; 15:E39. [PMID: 28212270 PMCID: PMC5334619 DOI: 10.3390/md15020039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2016] [Revised: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 01/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide and non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most common type. Marine plants provide rich resources for anticancer drug discovery. Fucoxanthin (FX), a Laminaria japonica extract, has attracted great research interest for its antitumor activities. Accumulating evidence suggests anti-proliferative effects of FX on many cancer cell lines including NSCLCs, but the detailed mechanisms remain unclear. In the present investigation, we confirmed molecular mechanisms and in vivo anti-lung cancer effect of FX at the first time. Flow cytometry, real-time PCR, western blotting and immunohistochemistry revealed that FX arrested cell cycle and induced apoptosis by modulating expression of p53, p21, Fas, PUMA, Bcl-2 and caspase-3/8. These results show that FX is a potent marine drug for human non-small-cell lung cancer treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- ChengHan Mei
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
| | - ShunChang Zhou
- Department of Laboratory Animal, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
| | - Lin Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
| | - JiaXiong Ming
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
| | - FanDian Zeng
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
| | - Rong Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Guo XX, Li Y, Sun C, Jiang D, Lin YJ, Jin FX, Lee SK, Jin YH. p53-dependent Fas expression is critical for Ginsenoside Rh2 triggered caspase-8 activation in HeLa cells. Protein Cell 2014; 5:224-34. [PMID: 24622841 PMCID: PMC3967063 DOI: 10.1007/s13238-014-0027-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2013] [Accepted: 01/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
We have recently reported that Ginsenoside Rh2 (G-Rh2) induces the activation of two initiator caspases, caspase-8 and caspase-9 in human cancer cells. However, the molecular mechanism of its death-inducing function remains unclear. Here we show that G-Rh2 stimulated the activation of both caspase-8 and caspase-9 simultaneously in HeLa cells. Under G-Rh2 treatment, membrane death receptors Fas and TNFR1 are remarkably upregulated. However, the induced expression of Fas but not TNFR1 was contributed to the apoptosis process. Moreover, significant increases in Fas expression and caspase-8 activity temporally coincided with an increase in p53 expression in p53-non-mutated HeLa and SK-HEP-1 cells upon G-Rh2 treatment. In contrast, Fas expression and caspase-8 activity remained constant with G-Rh2 treatment in p53-mutated SW480 and PC-3 cells. In addition, siRNA-mediated knockdown of p53 diminished G-Rh2-induced Fas expression and caspase-8 activation. These results indicated that G-Rh2-triggered extrinsic apoptosis relies on p53-mediated Fas over-expression. In the intrinsic apoptotic pathway, G-Rh2 induced strong and immediate translocation of cytosolic BAK and BAX to the mitochondria, mitochondrial cytochrome c release, and subsequent caspase-9 activation both in HeLa and in SW480 cells. p53-mediated Fas expression and subsequent downstream caspase-8 activation as well as p53-independent caspase-9 activation all contribute to the activation of the downstream effector caspase-3/-7, leading to tumor cell death. Taken together, we suggest that G-Rh2 induces cancer cell apoptosis in a multi-path manner and is therefore a promising candidate for anti-tumor drug development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Xi Guo
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Kroon AA, DelRiccio V, Tseu I, Kavanagh BP, Post M. Mechanical ventilation-induced apoptosis in newborn rat lung is mediated via FasL/Fas pathway. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2013; 305:L795-804. [DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00048.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanical ventilation induces pulmonary apoptosis and inhibits alveolar development in preterm infants, but the molecular basis for the apoptotic injury is unknown. The objective was to determine the signaling mechanism(s) of ventilation (stretch)-induced apoptosis in newborn rat lung. Seven-day-old rats were ventilated with room air for 24 h using moderate tidal volumes (8.5 ml/kg). Isolated fetal rat lung epithelial and fibroblast cells were subjected to continuous cyclic stretch (5, 10, or 17% elongation) for up to 12 h. Prolonged ventilation significantly increased the number of apoptotic alveolar type II cells (i.e., terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP-mediated nick-end labeling and anti-cleaved caspase-3 immunochemistry) and was associated with increased expression of the apoptotic mediator Fas ligand (FasL). Fetal lung epithelial cells, but not fibroblasts, subjected to maximal (i.e., 17%, but not lesser elongation) cyclic stretch exhibited increased apoptosis (i.e., nuclear fragmentation and DNA laddering), which appeared to be mediated via the extrinsic pathway (increased expression of FasL and cleaved caspase-3, -7, and -8). The intrinsic pathway appeared not to be involved [minimal mitochondrial membrane depolarization (JC-1 flow analysis) and no activation of caspase-9]. Universal caspases inhibition and neutralization of FasL abrogated the stretch-induced apoptosis. Prolonged mechanical ventilation induces apoptosis of alveolar type II cells in newborn rats and the mechanism appears to involve activation of the extrinsic death pathway via the FasL/Fas system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas A. Kroon
- Physiology and Experimental Medicine Program, Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC-Sophia, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Veronica DelRiccio
- Physiology and Experimental Medicine Program, Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, Canada
| | - Irene Tseu
- Physiology and Experimental Medicine Program, Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, Canada
| | - Brian P. Kavanagh
- Physiology and Experimental Medicine Program, Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, Canada
- Departments of Critical Care Medicine and Anesthesia, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; and
| | - Martin Post
- Physiology and Experimental Medicine Program, Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; and
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Atukeren P, Kemerdere R, Kacira T, Hanimoglu H, Ozlen F, Yavuz B, Tanriverdi T, Gumustas K, Canbaz B. Expressions of some vital molecules: glioblastoma multiforme versus normal tissues. Neurol Res 2013; 32:492-501. [DOI: 10.1179/174313209x459075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
|
9
|
Ghosh R, Guha D, Bhowmik S, Karmakar S. Antioxidant enzymes and the mechanism of the bystander effect induced by ultraviolet C irradiation of A375 human melanoma cells. Mutat Res 2013; 757:83-90. [PMID: 23845763 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2013.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2012] [Revised: 06/12/2013] [Accepted: 06/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Irradiated cells generate dynamic responses in non-irradiated cells; this signaling phenomenon is known as the bystander effect (BE). Factors secreted by the irradiated cells communicate some of these signals. Conditioned medium from UVC-irradiated A375 human melanoma cells was used to study the BE. Exposure of cells to conditioned medium induce cell-cycle arrest at the G2/M transition. Although conditioned medium treatment, by itself, did not alter cell viability, treated cells were more resistant to the lethal action of UVC or H2O2. This protective effect of conditioned medium was lost within 8h. Apoptotic or autophagic cell death was not involved in this resistance. Exposure to conditioned medium did not influence the rate of DNA repair, as measured by NAD(+) depletion. The activities of catalase and superoxide dismutase were elevated in cells exposed to conditioned medium, but returned to normal levels by 8h post-treatment. These results indicate a close correlation between BE-stimulated antioxidant activity and cellular sensitivity. Cell-cycle arrest and stimulation of antioxidant activity may account for the resistance to killing that was observed in bystander cells exposed to UVC or H2O2 treatment and are consistent with the role of the BE as a natural defense function triggered by UVC irradiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rita Ghosh
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Kalyani, Kalyani 741235, West Bengal, India.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Liu JR, Ye YL, Lin TY, Wang YW, Peng CC. Effect of floral sources on the antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory activities of honeys in Taiwan. Food Chem 2013; 139:938-43. [PMID: 23561193 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2012] [Revised: 12/06/2012] [Accepted: 02/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
We evaluated the antioxidant, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory activities of honey made from different floral sources, including the medicinal herb Bidens pilosa, fruit trees, Dimocarpus longan, Litchi chinensis, and Citrus maxima, the Taiwanese endemic plant Aglaia formosana, and a multifloral forest. The total phenolic and flavonoid contents of the honey made from B. pilosa were significantly higher than those of the other honeys. The honey from B. pilosa also had significantly greater scavenging activities for 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH·) and hydroxyl radical, and substantially more reducing power. In addition, the honey from B. pilosa showed greater antibacterial activity against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. However, B. pilosa honey showed little inhibitory activity against IL-8 secretion, whereas the other honeys did. These findings suggest that the levels of antioxidant and antibacterial activities are attributable to the total phenolic and flavonoid contents of honeys, while the IL-8 inhibition is attributable to components other than phenols.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Je-Ruei Liu
- Department of Animal Science and Technology and Institute of Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
The oncogenic role of NS5A of hepatitis C virus is mediated by up-regulation of survivin gene expression in the hepatocellular cell through p53 and NF-κB pathways. Cell Biol Int 2012; 35:1225-32. [PMID: 21612579 DOI: 10.1042/cbi20110102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Approx. 4% of patients experiencing chronic infection of human HCV (hepatitis C virus) ultimately develop HCC (hepatocellular carcinoma). The NS5A (non-structural protein 5A) encoded by HCV has been reported to have an oncogenic role during HCV infection, but the precise mechanism remains largely unclear. The aim of this study is to investigate the signal transduction pathways that mediate the role of NS5A in hepatocarcinogenesis. HepG2 cells were transfected with a plasmid expressing HCV NS5A protein. Subsequently, cell proliferation was analysed by MTT [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide] assay and cell counting, apoptosis was analysed by Hoechst 33342 staining, and the gene expression profile was identified by microarray and subsequently validated by RT-PCR (reverse transcription-PCR). The protein levels of survivin, p53, NOS2A (nitric oxide synthase 2A), cyclin D1 and NF-κB (nuclear factor κB) were monitored by Western blotting. Our results showed that transfection of HCV NS5A expression plasmid significantly down-regulated the expression of nine genes and up-regulated the expression of ten genes among the 104 genes detectable by the microarray associated with signalling transduction. The increased expression of survivin mRNA and protein, down-regulated p53 protein levels and increased NOS2A, cyclin D1 and NF-κB protein levels were further identified. Our results suggested that HCV NS5A protein can enhance survivin transcription by increasing p53 degradation and stimulating NOS2A expression as well as NF-κB relocation to the nucleus. The functions of survivin in anti-apoptosis and regulation of cell division might mediate the role of NS5A in HCV-induced HCC.
Collapse
|
12
|
Ou JS, Huang DD, Ou ZJ. A POTENTIAL AGENT FOR TREATING NON-SMALL CELL LUNG CANCER. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2008; 35:985-6. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1681.2008.04993.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
13
|
POMARA G, SALINITRI G, NESI G, MAIO E, MINERVINI A, GAMMAZZA A, FRANCESCA F, CAPPELLO F, SELLI C. p53 and Ki-67 expression in renal cell carcinomas of pregnant women and their correlation with prognosis: a pilot study. Int J Gynecol Cancer 2008; 18:132-5. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1525-1438.2007.00962.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
|
14
|
Kim R, Emi M, Tanabe K, Uchida Y, Toge T. The role of Fas ligand and transforming growth factor beta in tumor progression: molecular mechanisms of immune privilege via Fas-mediated apoptosis and potential targets for cancer therapy. Cancer 2004; 100:2281-91. [PMID: 15160330 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.20270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Despite the fact that expression of Fas ligand (FasL) in cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) and in natural killer (NK) cells plays an important role in Fas-mediated tumor killing, During tumor progression FasL-expressing tumor cells are involved in counterattacking to kill tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs). Soluble FasL levels also increase with tumor progression in solid tumors, and this increase inhibits Fas-mediated tumor killing by CTLs and NK cells. The increased expression of FasL in tumor cells is associated with decreased expression of Fas; and the promoter region of the FASL gene is regulated by transcription factors, such as neuronal factor kappaB (NF-kappaB) and AP-1, in the tumor microenvironment. Although the ratio of FasL expression to Fas expression in tumor cells is not strongly related to the induction of apoptosis in TILs, increased expression of FasL is associated with decreased Fas levels in tumor cells that can escape immune surveillance and facilitate tumor progression and metastasis. Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) is a potent growth inhibitor and has tumor-suppressing activity in the early phases of carcinogenesis. During subsequent tumor progression, the increased secretion of TGF-beta by both tumor cells and, in a paracrine fashion, stromal cells, is involved in the enhancement of tumor invasion and metastasis accompanied by immunosuppression. Herein, the authors review the clinical significance of FasL and TGF-beta expression patterns as features of immune privilege accompanying tumor progression in the tumor microenvironment. Potential strategies for identifying which molecules can serve as targets for effective antitumor therapy also are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryungsa Kim
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Chi TY, Chen GG, Lai PBS. Eicosapentaenoic Acid Induces Fas-Mediated Apoptosis Through a p53-Dependent Pathway in Hepatoma Cells. Cancer J 2004; 10:190-200. [PMID: 15285929 DOI: 10.1097/00130404-200405000-00009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) has been demonstrated to induce apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in various cancer cell lines in vitro. In this study, we investigated the anti-tumor effects of EPA on hepatoma cell lines and the mechanisms responsible for induced cell death. Three hepatoma cell lines tested had different p53 status: HepG2 with a wild-type p53; Hep3B, of which the endogenous p53 was deleted; and Huh7 with its p53 mutated. MTT assay showed reduced viability of HepG2 cells after exposure to EPA, and the cytotoxicity of EPA was time and dose dependent. However, EPA had no effect on the viability and cell death in the two other hepatoma cell lines containing dysfunctional p53. DNA fragmentation analysis and TUNEL (terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase [TdT]-mediated deoxyuridine diphosphate [dUTP] nick end labeling) staining showed a typical pattern of DNA laddering and DNA breaks staining, respectively, in wild-type p53-containing HepG2 cells after EPA treatment. We also observed that EPA induced transient nuclear accumulation of P53 protein that subsequently up-regulated the expression of Fas messenger RNA and protein in HepG2 cells. In contrast, these findings were not observed in Hep3B and Huh7 cells exposed to EPA. Most notably, EPA-induced apoptosis in HepG2 cells could be reduced almost completely by treatment with FasL antisense oligonucleotides. We conclude that EPA inhibits the growth of HepG2 cells and mediates its effect, at least in part, via the Fas-mediated apoptosis. It appears that the effects of EPA on hepatoma cells are determined by the status of p53 and that wild-type p53 is a prerequisite for the anticancer effect of EPA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Yi Chi
- Department of Surgery, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Ma L, Zhang YN. Effects of seminal oil emulsion of Brucea javanica on apoptosis and apoptosis-related genes in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2004; 12:559-562. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v12.i3.559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To explore the anti-tumor mechanism of seminal oil emulsion of Brucea javanica by studying in vitro its effects on apoptosis, cell cycle and expression of apoptosis-related genes p53 and Bcl-2 in human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line SMMC-7721.
METHODS: Anti-proliferation effect was measured by MTT assay. The morphology of cells was observed under transmission electron microscope. Agarose gel electrophoresis was used to analyze DNA character and the flow cytometry to detect apoptotic rate and cell cycle distribution. The levels of p53 and Bcl-2 protein were examined by immunocytochemical staining.
RESULTS: The proliferation of hepatocellular carcinoma cell line SMMC-7721 could be remarkably inhibited by seminal oil emulsion of Brucea javanica in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. Morphological and biochemical changes characteristic of apoptosis were observed through electron microscope and agarose gel electrophoresis. After 12, 24, 48 h incubation with 0.10 g/L emulsion of seminal oil of Brucea javanica, the flow cytometry showed typical subdiploid peaks and the cell cycle was arrested at G0/G1 phase(P < 0.05). The expression of p53 and Bcl-2 was down-regulated after exposure to the drug, with a positive correlation between them (r = 0.966, P < 0.05).
CONCLUSION: Seminal oil emulsion of Brucea javanica can significantly inhibit the proliferation of human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line SMMC-7721 in vitro through inducing apoptosis and arresting cell cycle at G0/G1 phase, and its underlying mechanism is related to the down-regulating mutant type p53 as well as Bcl-2, with p53 pathway playing a leading role.
Collapse
|
17
|
Cappello F, Bellafiore M, David S, Anzalone R, Zummo G. Ten kilodalton heat shock protein (HSP10) is overexpressed during carcinogenesis of large bowel and uterine exocervix. Cancer Lett 2003; 196:35-41. [PMID: 12860287 DOI: 10.1016/s0304-3835(03)00212-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, we evaluated the presence and the level of expression of HSP10 in two carcinogenetic models: the 'adenoma-carcinoma sequence' of large bowel and the 'dysplasia-carcinoma sequence' of uterine exocervix. We found HSP10 was overexpressed during the carcinogenesis of both organs. In particular, HSP10 was overexpressed early in large bowel carcinogenesis, while the expression of this protein in exocervical carcinogenesis gradually increased from normal through dysplastic to neoplastic tissues. The quantitative analysis of immunohistochemistry and the Western blotting confirmed these results. Our previous observations showed overexpression of HSP60 in the same carcinogenetic models. This report correlates the overexpression of HSP10 with that of HSP60 during carcinogenesis in vivo. These results could stimulate further studies on the pathogenetic role of these proteins during the carcinogenesis as well as their use as diagnostic and prognostic tools in oncology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Cappello
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Palermo, via alla Falconara 120, Palermo 90136, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|